| SECTION | PAGE |
| CHAPTER I.—THE EARLY GERMANS |
| 1.A Sketch by CÆsar | 19 |
| 2.A Description by Tacitus | 23 |
| CHAPTER II.—THE VISIGOTHIC INVASION |
| 3.The Visigoths Cross the Danube (376) | 32 |
| 4.The Battle of Adrianople (378) | 37 |
| CHAPTER III.—THE HUNS |
| 5.Description by a GrÆco-Roman Poet and a Roman Historian | 42 |
| CHAPTER IV.—THE EARLY FRANKS |
| 6.The Deeds of Clovis as Related by Gregory of Tours | 47 |
| 7.The Law of the Salian Franks | 59 |
| CHAPTER V.—THE ANGLES AND SAXONS IN BRITAIN |
| 8.The Saxon Invasion (cir. 449) | 68 |
| 9.The Mission of Augustine (597) | 72 |
| CHAPTER VI.—THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH |
| 10.Pope Leo's Sermon on the Petrine Supremacy | 78 |
| 11.The Rule of St. Benedict | 83 |
| 12.Gregory the Great on the Life of the Pastor | 90 |
| CHAPTER VII.—THE RISE OF MOHAMMEDANISM |
| 13.Selections from the Koran | 97 |
| CHAPTER VIII.—THE BEGINNINGS OF THE CAROLINGIAN DYNASTY OF FRANKISH KINGS |
| 14.Pepin the Short Takes the Title of King (751) | 105 |
| CHAPTER IX.—THE AGE OF CHARLEMAGNE |
| 15.Charlemagne the Man | 108 |
| 16.The War with the Saxons (772-803) | 114 |
| 17.The Capitulary Concerning the Saxon Territory (cir. 780) | 118 |
| 18.The Capitulary Concerning the Royal Domains (cir. 800) | 124 |
| 19.An Inventory of one of Charlemagne's Estates | 127 |
| 20.Charlemagne Crowned Emperor (800) | 130 |
| 21.The General Capitulary for the Missi (802) | 134 |
| 22.A Letter of Charlemagne to Abbot Fulrad | 141 |
| 23.The Carolingian Revival of Learning | 144 |
| CHAPTER X.—THE ERA OF THE LATER CAROLINGIANS |
| 24.The Oaths of Strassburg (842) | 149 |
| 25.The Treaty of Verdun (843) | 154 |
| 26.A Chronicle of the Frankish Kingdom in the Ninth Century | 157 |
| 27.The Northmen in the Country of the Franks | 163 |
| 28.Later Carolingian Efforts to Preserve Order | 173 |
| 29.The Election of Hugh Capet (987) | 177 |
| CHAPTER XI.—ALFRED THE GREAT IN WAR AND IN PEACE |
| 30.The Danes in England | 181 |
| 31.Alfred's Interest in Education | 185 |
| 32.Alfred's Laws | 194 |
| CHAPTER XII.—THE ORDEAL |
| 33.Tests by Hot Water, Cold Water, and Fire | 196 |
| CHAPTER XIII.—THE FEUDAL SYSTEM |
| 34.Older Institutions Involving Elements of Feudalism | 203 |
| 35.The Granting of Fiefs | 214 |
| 36.The Ceremonies of Homage and Fealty | 216 |
| 37.The Mutual Obligations of Lords and Vassals | 220 |
| 38.Some of the More Important Rights of the Lord | 221 |
| 39.The Peace and the Truce of God | 228 |
| CHAPTER XIV.—THE NORMAN CONQUEST |
| 40.The Battle of Hastings: the English and the Normans | 233 |
| 41.William the Conqueror as Man and as King | 241 |
| CHAPTER XV.—THE MONASTIC REFORMATION OF THE TENTH, ELEVENTH, AND TWELFTH CENTURIES |
| 42.The Foundation Charter of the Monastery of Cluny (910) | 245 |
| 43.The Early Career of St. Bernard and the Founding of Clairvaux | 250 |
| 44.A Description of Clairvaux | 258 |
| CHAPTER XVI.—THE CONFLICT OVER INVESTITURE |
| 45.Gregory VII.'s Conception of the Papal Authority | 261 |
| 46.Letter of Gregory VII. to Henry IV. (1075) | 264 |
| 47.Henry IV.'s Reply to Gregory's Letter (1076) | 269 |
| 48.Henry IV. Deposed by Gregory (1076) | 272 |
| 49.The Penance of Henry IV. at Canossa (1077) | 273 |
| 50.The Concordat of Worms (1122) | 278 |
| CHAPTER XVII.—THE CRUSADES |
| 51.Speech of Pope Urban II. at the Council of Clermont (1095) | 282 |
| 52.The Starting of the Crusaders (1096) | 288 |
| 53.A Letter from a Crusader to his Wife | 291 |
| CHAPTER XVIII.—THE GREAT CHARTER |
| 54.The Winning of the Great Charter | 297 |
| 55.Extracts from the Charter | 303 |
| CHAPTER XIX.—THE REIGN OF SAINT LOUIS |
| 56.The Character and Deeds of the King as Described by Joinville | 311 |
| CHAPTER XX.—MUNICIPAL ORGANIZATION AND ACTIVITY |
| 57.Some Twelfth Century Town Charters | 325 |
| 58.The Colonization of Eastern Germany | 330 |
| 59.The League of Rhenish Cities (1254) | 334 |
| CHAPTER XXI.—UNIVERSITIES AND STUDENT LIFE |
| 60.Privileges Granted to Students and Masters | 340 |
| 61.The Foundation of the University of Heidelberg (1386) | 345 |
| 62.MediÆval Students' Songs | 351 |
| CHAPTER XXII.—THE FRIARS |
| 63.The Life of St. Francis | 362 |
| 64.The Rule of St. Francis | 373 |
| 65.The Will of St. Francis | 376 |
| CHAPTER XXIII.—THE PAPACY AND THE TEMPORAL POWERS IN THE LATER MIDDLE AGES |
| 66.The Interdict Laid on France by Innocent III. (1200) | 380 |
| 67.The Bull "Unam Sanctam" of Boniface VIII. (1302) | 383 |
| 68.The Great Schism and the Councils of Pisa and Constance | 389 |
| 69.The Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges (1438) | 393 |
| CHAPTER XXIV.—THE EMPIRE IN THE TWELFTH, THIRTEENTH, AND FOURTEENTH CENTURIES |
| 70.The Peace of Constance (1183) | 398 |
| 71.Current Rumors Concerning the Life and Character of Frederick II. | 402 |
| 72.The Golden Bull of Charles IV. (1356) | 409 |
| CHAPTER XXV.—THE HUNDRED YEARS' WAR |
| 73.An Occasion of War between the Kings of England and France | 418 |
| 74.Edward III. Assumes the Arms and Title of the King of France | 421 |
| 75.The Naval Battle of Sluys (1340) | 424 |
| 76.The Battle of CrÉcy (1346) | 427 |
| 77.The Sack of Limoges (1370) | 436 |
| 78.The Treaties of Bretigny (1360) and Troyes (1420) | 439 |
| CHAPTER XXVI.—THE BEGINNINGS OF THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCE |
| 79.Dante's Defense of Italian as a Literary Language | 445 |
| 80.Dante's Conception of the Imperial Power | 452 |
| 81.Petrarch's Love of the Classics | 462 |
| 82.Petrarch's Letter to Posterity | 469 |
| CHAPTER XXVII.—FORESHADOWINGS OF THE REFORMATION |
| 83.The Reply of Wyclif to the Summons of Pope Urban VI. (1384) | 474 |
