CONTENTS. CHAPTER PAGE I. -- Ancient Iberia 1 II. -- Phoenicians and Carthaginians 6 III. -- Spain a Roman province 13 IV. -- A kingdom of the Goths 25 V. -- The invasion from Africa 36 VI. -- The Western Califate 45 VII. -- Spain's heroic age 54 VIII. -- Decline of the Moors 63 IX. -- Kings of Castile and Aragon 72 X. -- Ferdinand and Isabella 82 XI. -- How the Moors were subjugated 92 XII. -- The fall of Granada 106 XIII. -- A memorable reign 113 XIV. -- When Spain was great 123 XV. -- Charles I and Philip II 133 XVI. -- Spain's religious wars 142 XVII. -- The seventeenth century 154 XVIII. -- The house of Bourbon 165 XIX. -- Charles IV and Bonaparte 176 XX. -- The reign of Ferdinand VII 187 XXI. -- Isabella II and the Carlists 194 XXII. -- From Isabella II to Alfonso XIII 203 XXIII. -- Spain and her colonies 212 XXIV. -- Cuba's fight for freedom 222 XXV. -- War with the United States 234 XXVI. -- Spain at the close of the war 255 XXVII. -- The treaty of peace 266 Index 279