[1] In November, 1892, this house was demolished.

[2] Hatton’s ‘New View of London,’ 1708, vol. i., p. 59.

[3] In later times there was a cross at the east end of the church of St. Michael-le-Querne, replaced by a water conduit, in the mayoralty of William Eastfield, a.d. 1429, as I learn from Stow. The site of this cross is considerably east of Panyer Alley.

[4] Pye, i.e., parti-coloured, as in the bird. It is said to have been so called because the initial and principal letters of the rubrics were printed in red, and the rest in black. At the beginning of the Church of England Prayer-Book, in that section which relates to the service of the Church, mention is made of ‘the number and hardness of the rules called the Pie.’ Shakespeare, in the ‘Merry Wives of Windsor,’ says, ‘By cocke and pie you shall not choose, sir; you shall not choose, but come.’ In this asseveration cock is supposed to be a euphemism for God, and pie the above-named ordinal.

[5] On the Holbein gateway at Whitehall there were also medallions of terra-cotta, as large or larger than life.

[6] The Broad Face, Reading, is noticed by Pepys as an odd sign, when he visited the town on June 16, 1668.

[7] In style it reminds one somewhat of the Guildhall giants, Gog and Magog, or, as Fairholt would call them, Corineus and Gogmagog. These appear to have been made in 1708, by Richard Saunders, a captain of trained bands and carver in King Street, Cheapside, to replace giants of pasteboard and wickerwork, which had been carried in City processions.

[8] Part of a similar crypt is to be seen at 4a, Lawrence Pountney Hill; it belonged to a house called the Manor of the Rose, built originally in the reign of Edward III. Such crypts would doubtless be useful to mediÆval merchants for the storage of goods. There are great cellars under Crosby Hall. I am reminded that in the thirteenth century houses furnished usually belonged to Kings or the higher nobility—at least, this is implied by Matthew Paris, in his ‘Lives of the Abbots of St. Albans.’ His words are: ‘Aula nobilissima picta cum conclavibus et camino et atrio et subaulÂ, quÆ palatium regium (quia duplex est et criptata) dici potest.’

[9] ‘Old Meg of Hereford Towne for a Morris Daunce, or Twelve Morris Dancers in Herefordshire, of twelve hundred years old.’ Printed for John Bridge, 1609.

[10] St. Matt. ii. 1.

[11] ‘Roma Sotteranea,’ by the Rev. J. Spencer Northcote, D.D., and W. R. Brownlow, M.A., 1869.

[12] Messrs. Crowe and Cavalcaselle suggest that these two figures may possibly be intended to represent the prophets Isaiah and Jeremiah.

[13] ‘Historical and Monumental Rome,’ by C. J. Hemans, chap. xv.

[14] ‘Primus dicitur fuisse Melchior, qui senex et canus, barb prolix et capillis, aurum obtulit Regi Domino. Secundus nomine Gaspar, juvenis imberbis, rubicundus, thure quasi Deo oblatione dignÂ, Deum honoravit. Tertius fuscus, integre barbatus, Baltassar nomine, per myrrham Filium hominis moriturum professus.’

[15] In fourteenth and fifteenth century paintings, especially among the Germans, Balthazar was often a Moor or negro, the tradition being that he was King of Ethiopia or Nubia. Ghirlandajo, in a picture at the Pitti Gallery, gives him, not a black complexion, but a black page. The difference of race indicated in the representations of the Three Kings implies the wideness of the manifestation of Christ to the Gentiles. On this account the three sons of Noah have been looked upon as typical of them.

[16] Smith’s ‘Dictionary of the Bible.’

[17] Commentary of Cornelius À Lapide, translated by Mossman, vol. i. Others have extended the period of their arrival at Bethlehem even to some time in the second year after the birth of Christ, as an inference from Matt. ii. 16. According to a tradition of the Eastern Church, the Magi arrived at Jerusalem with a retinue of 1,000 men, having left an army of 7,000 on the further bank of the Euphrates.

[18] The Milanese afterwards consoled themselves by forming a confraternity, which showed their veneration for the Three Kings by a special annual performance.

[19] For these references to the heraldry of the Three Kings, I have to thank my valued friend, Mr. Everard Green, F.S.A., whose knowledge of the subject is unique.

[20] Foster’s Chapel, Bristol, founded in 1504, is dedicated to the Three Kings. In Winchester Cathedral are traces of a painting of the Adoration.

[21] The names of the Kings are variously spelt.

[22] A pageant was originally the structure on which the performance took place. Archdeacon Rogers, who saw the performance at Chester in 1594, says that ‘Every company had its pagiant, or parte, whiche pagiants weare a high scafolde with 2 roomes, a higher and a lower, upon 4 wheeles. In the lower they apparelled themselves, and in the higher they played, being all open on the tope, that all behoulders mighte heare and see them.’

[23] One is reminded of Falstaff’s words (1 Henry IV. Act i., Scene 2): ‘For we, that take purses, go by the moon and seven stars; and not by Phoebus,—he, that wandering knight so fair.’ Again, Pistol says; ‘Sweet knight, I kiss thy nief. What! we have seen the seven stars.’

[24] King Richard II. had two badges: the Sun in splendour, and the White Hart. The former is shown on the mainsail of the vessel in which he returned from Ireland, in an illumination to a manuscript account of Richard, by a gentleman of his suite (Harl. MS. 1319). It is also mentioned by the poet Gower. The Sun in splendour, encircled with a cloud distilling drops of rain, is a charge in the arms of the Distillers’ Company. I may add that the Three Crowns appear in the arms of the Skinners’ Company, which according to Strype were granted in the 4th year of Edward VI.

[25] ‘Some Account of the Parish of St. Clement Danes,’ by John Diprose. 1868. Vol. i., p. 257.

[26] Guillim intimates the reason for representing the bear muzzled in heraldry: ‘The beare by nature is a cruell beast, but this here demonstrated unto you, is (to prevent the mischief it might otherwise do, as you may observe) as it were, bound to the good behaviour with a muzle.’—‘Heraldry,’ sec. iii., chap. xv., p. 199. 1660.

[27] Hicks Hall was a session-house for Middlesex. At the corner of St. John Street, Clerkenwell, and Peter’s Lane, affixed to the wall of the Queen’s Head tavern, is a stone tablet with the following inscription:

‘Opposite this Place Hicks Hall formerly stood, 1 mile 1 furlong from the Standard in Cornhill, 4 furlongs 205 yards from Holborn Barrs down Holborn, up Snow Hill, Cow Lane and through Smithfield.’

A Jacobean chimney-piece from Hicks Hall, and a portrait of Sir Baptist, are in the Sessions House, Clerkenwell Green. See an amusing article on Suburban Milestones, in Knight’s ‘London.’

[28] Whitechapel Mount was an elevation of ground generally thought to have been composed, in part at least, of rubbish from the Great Fire: Lysons, however, denies this. Another idea is, that it was a great burial-place for victims of the Plague of 1665. A fort was built here in 1642, one of the series then thrown round London. The Mount is shown in Strype’s map of 1720, and in a view of London Hospital, by Chatelain. Towards the end of last century it was a place of resort for pugilists and dog-fighters. Mount Street and Mount Place, immediately west of the London Hospital, Whitechapel Road, now occupy the ground, which is still slightly raised.

[29] This letter is among the Remembrancia at the Guildhall, and is noted on page 355 of the Analytical Index, published in 1878.

[30] ‘Life of William Wilberforce,’ by his son Samuel Wilberforce, Bishop of Oxford. Revised and condensed from the original edition. 8vo., 1868.

[31] Gentleman’s Magazine, January, 1834.

[32] It formed part of his benefactions, through Bishop Waynflete, to Magdalen College, Oxford.

[33] Pepys, the diarist, on March 27, 1664, writes as follows: ‘Walked through the Ducking Pond Fields; but they are so altered since my father used to carry us to Islington, to the old man of the King’s Head, to eat cakes and ale (his name was Pitts), that I did not know which was the Ducking Pond, or where I was.’ What would he have said now? There were several ducking-ponds in this neighbourhood; the name of Ball’s Pond, near Newington Green, still survives. Howes in his ‘Chronicle’ says that the reservoir at the New River head ‘was in former times an open idell pool, commonly called the Ducking Pond.’ Spa Fields, Clerkenwell, were also called ‘Ducking Pond Fields.’ There was a public-house a little west of the London Spa, with a ducking-pond attached. It was taken down in 1770, and the Pantheon, in imitation of the Oxford Street Pantheon, built on its site. This soon became disreputable, and was eventually turned into Spa Fields Chapel, demolished 1879. There was a ducking-pond in Mayfair (Hertford Street is on the site), and another near Mile End.

[34] The ground in St. George’s Fields was not absolutely given, but a lease was granted for 865 years at the nominal rent of one shilling a year.

[35] The cross had possibly some connection with the priory of St. Mary Overy hard by, or with the rich and powerful abbey, originally the priory of St. Saviour’s, Bermondsey. A chronicle, supposed to have been written by one of the monks, is among the Harleian MSS. (No. 231). We are here told that in the year 1117 ‘the cross of the Holy Saviour was found near the Thames.’ Apparently this was the cross of Bermondsey, placed in the church, to which pilgrimages were occasionally made. It was taken down in 1538, during the mayoralty of Sir Richard Gresham, and in all likelihood destroyed; but Wilkinson, in his ‘Londina Illustrata,’ gives a view, showing in front of the building, attached to the chief or north gate of the abbey, a small cross with zigzag ornament, which some have sought to identify with this holy rood. It existed with the remains of the building till comparatively recent times. On the way to the abbey were famous roadside crosses: one north, the site of which is at the junction of Tooley Street with Bermondsey Street; the other south, in Kent Street.

[36] From the ‘ArchÆologia,’ vol. 32, I learn that ‘the seal of Bartholomew Elys, of Great Yarmouth, 17 Rich. II., is remarkable as giving the family arms with the substitution of his merchant’s mark in place of the cinqfoil in base.’ Mr. Waller says that at Standon, in Herts, is the mark of John Feld, alderman of London 1474; but his son, on the same brass, an esquire in armour, has his shield of arms.

[37] ‘Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries,’ November 24, 1887. A highly interesting article in the ‘ArchÆologia,’ vol. 37, by Mr. B. Williams, shows that in early times simple marks, not unlike merchants’ marks, were used to distinguish property, both here and in Germany. Our modern swan marks are a survival.

[38] At a Common Council held July 14, 33 Henry VIII., it was ordered that the seal of the Bridge House should be changed, because the image of Thomas À Becket, sometime Archbishop of Canterbury, was graven thereon, and it was agreed that a new seal should be made, devised by Mr. Hall, to whom the old seal was delivered.

[39] But see Mr. Billson’s paper on ‘The Easter Hare,’ in Folklore, vol. iii.—[Ed.]

[40] It is told in considerable detail in a ‘Life of Sir Walter Raleigh,’ 8vo., 1740, p. 152.

[41] ‘I remember one citizen, who having thus broken out of his house in Aldersgate Street, or thereabout, went along the road to Islington. He attempted to have gone in at the Angel Inn, and after that at the White Horse, two inns still known by the same signs, but was refused; after which he came to the Pied Bull, an inn also still continuing the same sign.’—‘Journal of the Plague Year,’ by Daniel Defoe, 1722.

[42] This was probably one of the ducking-ponds.

[43] Its site is also marked in Ogilby’s Map of London to Holyhead. Here is now the Belvidere Tavern.

[44] Peter Cunningham says that Alderman Boydell, before he removed to No. 90, Cheapside, at the corner of Ironmonger Lane, lived at the Unicorn, at the corner of Queen Street, Cheapside.

[45] ‘Historic Devices, Badges, and War Cries,’ by Mrs. Bury Palliser.

[46] Another record of him is a stone from Allhallows Church, now imbedded in the western wall of the Church of St. Mary-le-Bow, which has on it the well-known lines by Dryden, beginning: ‘Three poets in three distant ages born,’ etc., also the dates of Milton’s birth and baptism.

[47] Additional MS. in British Museum, 3890.

[48] In a ‘Brief History’ by Eugenius Philalethes, p. 93, we are told; ‘It is a vulgar error that the pelican turneth her beak against her breast and therewith pierceth it till the blood gush out, wherewith she nourisheth her young; whereas a pelican hath a beak broad and flat, much like the slice of apothecaries and chirurgeons wherewith they spread their plasters, no way fit to pierce, as Laurentius Gerbertus counsellor and physitian to Henry the Fourth of France in his book of Popular Errors hath observed.’

[49] The architect was Sir Robert Taylor, R.A. The emblematic figures on the cornice in front are said to be of artificial stone, executed at Coade’s factory, Lambeth, where John Bacon, R.A., worked for some years, and where, later, Flaxman and Benjamin West also modelled. Some houses on the north side of Westminster Bridge Road were originally called Coade’s Row, and the name still appears on one of them. The gallery or showroom stood there, as marked in Horwood’s map. The factory was further north, between Narrow Wall and the river.

[50] The sign outside is a modern imitation.

[51] In Aubrey’s ‘Natural History,’ p. 277, a manuscript in the library of the Royal Society, is the following memorandum: ‘This day, May the 18th, being Monday, 1691, after Rogation Sunday, is a great convention at St. Paul’s church of the Fraternity of the adopted masons, where Sir Christopher Wren is to be adopted a brother, and Sir Henry Goodric of the Tower, and divers others. There have been kings that have been of this sodality.’

[52] Not in edition 1576, but edition 1596, p. 233.—[Ed.]

[53] See ‘City of London Livery Companies’ Commission,’ 1884, vol. ii.

[54] Sir William Dugdale, in his ‘Origines Juridiciales,’ records that the whole cost of this gatehouse was £153 10s. 8d., ‘the brick and tile used for the same being digged out of that piece of ground then called the Coneygarth, lying on the west side of the house, adjoyning to Lincoln’s Inn Fields.’ This valuable relic is now, I fear, in a somewhat neglected condition.

[55] T. Hudson Turner in the ArchÆological Journal for December, 1848, quoting from an account in the Office of the Duchy of Lancaster.

[56] See an interesting article on this subject in the ‘ArchÆologia,’ vol. ix. (1789), by the Hon. Daines Barrington.

[57] For further details about the armorial bearings, see ‘Gray’s Inn; its History and Associations,’ by W. R. Douthwaite, 1886, chap. xi.

[58] Dodsley’s ‘London,’ 1761, vol. iii., p. 58.

[59] ‘Scrope and Grosvenor Roll,’ i. 178.

[60] The gatehouse had only been finished in the year 1728, having replaced a previous one damaged by a great fire on the bridge in 1725. Mist’s Weekly Journal, for Saturday, September 11, tells us that about sixty houses were consumed on that occasion.

[61] Burke’s ‘Armory General.’ This seems correct; but Burke’s ‘Extinct Peerages’ gives it, ‘gules, a chevron between three cross crosslets or.’

[62] From early days, however, the fair had increased beyond church limits, and the City had acquired certain rights. In the fourth edition of Stow, 1633, we are told how, on Bartholomew Eve, the Aldermen in their violet gowns met the Lord Mayor and Sheriffs at the Guildhall chapel, and how they rode into Cloth Fair, and made a proclamation, riding back through the churchyard and home to the Lord Mayor’s house.

[63] In Allen’s ‘History of London,’ published in 1827, vol. iii., p. 658, we are told that the district called Cloth Fair was still chiefly occupied by clothiers, tailors, etc.

[64] Stow’s ‘Survey of London,’ edited by W. J. Thoms, p. 141.

[65] The rebus was invented before Prior Bolton’s time; as early as 1443 the White Friars had a grant of the ‘Hospitium vocatum Le Bolt en ton,’ in Fleet Street. This became a great coaching inn; the site is marked by a railway office. The tun occurs in the rebus of Beckington, of Castleton, and of Bishop Langton in Winchester Cathedral.

[66] They were drawn and described for Nelson’s ‘History of Islington,’ 2nd edition, 1823.

[67] I have not been able to find proof positive that a Fowler owned this property. The house, though of respectable antiquity, is much more modern than the arms. By a lease dated 1722, a messuage called the Bell, with its stables, etc., and two other messuages or tenements on either side, adjoining and fronting High Street, Holborn, ‘formerly one capital mansion or messuage called the Bell or Blue Bell Inn, together with all shops, stables, and other appurtenances,’ were bought by Christ’s Hospital for £2,113 15s. Together with the adjoining house, it still belongs to the Hospital. There is a rent-charge of 45s. (originally 30 sacks of charcoal) on the Blue Bell Inn, for the use of the poor of St. Andrews, in which parish the houses are situated; it was bequeathed by Richard Hunt, who died in 1559.

[68] Named after the Berners family, who held the estate from the Conquest till 1422, when it passed by marriage to John Bourchier, created Lord Berners.

[69] In Nelson’s ‘History of Islington,’ 2nd edition, 1823, facing p. 260, there is an illustration of the building.

[70] The pretty garden of Clement’s Inn is now being built over, and the garden house will soon disappear behind bricks and mortar. The black kneeling figure supporting a sundial, which formerly decorated the lawn (having been brought from Italy and presented to the Inn by one of the Earls of Clare), was sold by the Ancients in 1884 for twenty guineas, and has now found its way to Inner Temple Gardens.

[71] Lord Clarendon says of this second Earl: ‘He was a man of honour and of courage, and would have been an excellent person if his heart had not been so much set upon keeping and improving his estate.’

[72] From Mr. Austin Dobson I learn that Hogarth engraved a view of Clare Market.

[73] He wrote MS. memoirs of the Holles family, afterwards transcribed by Arthur Collins.

[74] This Act appears to have been a dead letter. In 1580 Queen Elizabeth had issued an equally vain proclamation to prevent the erection of new buildings within three miles of the City gates.

[75] M. Jusserand gives amusing instances in his excellent new work on ‘A French Ambassador at the Court of Charles II.’

[76] There is a view of it in Strype’s Stow (1754), which shows a sculptured phoenix over the doorway. The phoenix in the porch of No. 40, Great Ormond Street suggests the possibility of some connection with this house.

[77] ‘Annals of Tennis,’ 1878.

[78] Some of these servants, however, must have been exceedingly active. In the London Evening Post for December 31, 1735, we are told that ‘General Churchill’s Running Footman ran against the Lady Molesworth’s, from the upper end of St. James’s Street to Edgworth Gate,’ and won, performing the distance, computed to be about eleven miles, in an hour and five minutes.

[79] He is Volpone in Pope’s ‘Moral Essay’:

‘His grace’s fate sage Cutler could foresee
And well (he thought) advised him “Live like me.”
As well his grace replied, “Like you, Sir John?
That I can do, when all I have is gone.”’

[80] ‘Some account of London,’ by Thos. Pennant, 3rd edition, pp. 372, 373.

[81] In the Public Advertiser for Wednesday, April 21, 1775, it is stated that ‘a trout was catched in the New River, near Sadler’s Wells, which weighed eight pounds and a half.’

[82] This roadway is 1,173 yards in length, and has cost £353,526, but the amount will be diminished by the sale of unused lands. Running under it is a subway for the conveyance of electric lighting, etc., high enough for a man to walk through.

[83] The parish derived its name from a holy well, at which the parish clerks of London used annually to perform a miracle play. Its site was marked by a pump near the south-east corner of Ray Street, an illustration of which is given in Wilkinson’s ‘Londina Illustrata.’ The well still exists a few feet to the north, covered by a massive brick arch, under the floor of No. 18, Farringdon Road—formerly the parish watch-house. This quaint little tenement is now to be let on building lease. The whole neighbourhood seems in old days to have had a reputation for holy and medicinal wells.

[84] In the Post Boy, and in the Flying Post for June, 1697, we are told that ‘Sadler’s excellent steel waters at Islington, having been obstructed for some years, are now opened and current again,’ etc.

[85] At the bar of the Sir Hugh Myddleton tavern there was formerly an interesting portrait group of frequenters of the old Myddleton’s Head, Mr. Rosoman being in the centre.

[86] Pinks’s ‘History of Clerkenwell,’ 2nd edition, p. 427.

[87] Both places are alluded to in an advertisement (dated 1747) of the Mulberry Garden, the site of which, says Pinks, was afterwards covered by the House of Detention. A print of it exists.

[88] The springs thus named were almost on the site of another medicinal spring called Black Mary’s Well or Hole. Dr. Bevis makes them out the same, and suggests that the title by which the latter had been known was a corruption of ‘Blessed Mary’s Hole.’ Other writers seek to derive it from Mary Woolaston—a black woman who about 1680 is supposed to have lived hereabout, by the side of the road, in a circular hut built of stones, and to have leased and sold the waters. According to the Gentleman’s Magazine for 1813, part ii., p. 557, this spring was afterwards enclosed in a conduit by Walter Baynes, Esq., the gentleman who, in 1697, discovered the famous Cold Bath, and who owned, in part at least, the Sir John Oldcastle tavern and gardens hard by. According to a plan of the city and environs of London, as fortified by Parliament in 1642-3, there was a battery and breastwork ‘on the hill E. of Blackmary’s Hole.’

[89] See Notes and Queries, 3rd series, ii., p. 228.

[90] In Miss Burney’s ‘Evelina’ (chap. xlv.), published January, 1778, there is an interesting list of places of amusement in the suburbs. The vulgar members of the Branghton family, and others, dispute as to which they shall visit in the evening. Miss Branghton votes for Saltero’s coffee-house; her sister for a party at Mother Red Cap’s; the brother for White Conduit House; Mr. Brown for Bagnigge Wells; Mr. Branghton for Sadler’s Wells, and Mr. Smith for Vauxhall. White Conduit House is at last fixed upon. The site of this is marked by a public-house—No. 14, Barnsbury Road; it was named after an ancient conduit which once stood hard by.

[91] Stow calls it the River of Wells, from the numerous springs that overflowed into it.

[92] There was another fairly good mantelpiece on the second-floor.

[93] I do not guarantee the completeness of the following list of work in the City said to have been by Inigo Jones, but it may be useful for reference. The Church of St. Catherine Cree, Leadenhall Street, has been popularly ascribed to him; it was consecrated by Laud, January 16, 1630-31, and is in pseudo-Gothic style. The Classic portico to old St. Paul’s Cathedral was designed by Jones in 1633. The repairs under his supervision were begun in April, 1631, and carried on for more than nine years. The Church of St. Alban’s, Wood Street, may have been his work; it replaced the old church, pulled down in 1632. This was destroyed in the Great Fire. The hall, theatre, and court-room of the Barber-Surgeons’ Company were built by him, apparently in 1636. The hall was destroyed in the Great Fire; the theatre, which had been restored by the Earl of Burlington, was pulled down in 1763. It has been stated that the latter rebuilt the court-room; Mr. Young, however, in his ‘Annals of the Barber-Surgeons’ (1890), declares positively that it is the work of Inigo Jones, repaired after the Fire. He is said to have also built Thanet House, Aldersgate Street, which survived till 1882.

[94] ‘Marriage, Baptismal, and Burial Registers of the Dutch Reformed Church, Austin Friars, from 1571 to 1874,’ edited by W. V. C. Moens.

[95] On the 15th of April, 1630, occurs the following entry: ‘Petronela Laurence widdowe, a Dutchwoman, was buryed in ye ten shilling ground, att lower end of ye men’s pewes.’ I am tempted to add the following curious baptismal entry from the register. ‘Sept. 1, 1611.—Job-rakt-out-of-the-asshes, being borne the last of August, in the lane going to Sir John Spencer’s back gate and there laide in a heape of seacole asshes, was baptized the first day of September following and dyed the next day after.’

[96] The old spelling is still retained, as in the entry of Adam’s baptism at the Dutch Church.

[97] The name is spelt in various ways. He may have been of the family of Sir John Cullum, Sheriff of London in 1646, on the site of whose mansion Cullum Street, hard by, is built.

[98] From this I infer that she and her husband came to live in the parish after Adam’s death. Their son John was born December, 1661, and died a few months afterwards.

[99] Dr. Cox mentions this. Having searched for Sir John Lawrence’s will at Somerset House, I find that he died intestate, and that administration of his estate was granted to his widow Catherine; so he had married a second time. In this grant he is described as ‘nuper de Putney.’ It appears from the register of that parish that he had a young family, and this is confirmed by a Lawrence pedigree which has been kindly placed at my disposal. Among the children there was another son John, who married Catherine Briscoe; he died in 1728, leaving several daughters and a son of the same name. There was also a son Adam, who left no issue. Catherine, Lady Lawrence, was buried in the vault at St. Helen’s Church in 1723.

[100] Faulkner gives some verses which he says were written about the year 1664 on the Lawrence arms. Here is a specimen:

‘The Field is Argent, and the charge a Cross:
Riches without Religion are but dross;
White, like this field, O Lord, his life should be
Who bears thy cross, follows, and fights for thee.’

[101] Dr. Cox says the date of Lawrence’s death was August 23, 1718, which would be seventy-six years after his first marriage.

[102] At the back of one of these houses is the only private garden still existing in the City.

[103] This passage, to judge from a restored plan in Hammon’s ‘Architectural Antiquities of Crosby Place’ (London, 1844), was one of the original courts of Crosby Place; but I am rather doubtful about it. According to this plan, Crosby Square occupied the site, not of offices, but of the bowling-green.

[104] I observe that he and his brother Herman were subscribers to Strype’s Stow, published in 1720.

[105] Anne, daughter of Simon Luttrell, created Baron Irnham of Luttrelstown, 1768; Viscount Carhampton, 1780; Earl of Carhampton, 1785. She married, first, Christopher Horton, of Colton Hall, Derbyshire, and secondly, in 1771, Henry Frederick, Duke of Cumberland, brother of King George III. This so incensed the latter that he procured the passing of the Royal Marriage Act.

[106] Olmius is merely a Latinized form of the Dutch name Van Olm, the latter word being equivalent to Elm. The arms are given in Morant’s ‘History of Essex.’ One of the charges is: out of a mount vert, an elm-tree proper.

[107] In 1778 John Drigue Lernoult and another let the house to Lewis Miol, and a schedule was then drawn up which I have seen. Everything is most carefully noted from the arch in the hall ‘with fluted columns and carved capitals,’ to the ‘battlement wall about 2 feet 6 inches high, coped with stone cornice.’ At that time there was a warehouse with a loft over it, and a crane, but its position is not made clear.

[108] The plan of the garden seemed to show that it had been curtailed when the houses to the east, Nos. 15 to 18, Austin Friars, were erected. They were formerly called Winckworth Buildings, and on their water-pipes were t w, 1726. In No. 18, James Smith, one of the authors of ‘Rejected Addresses,’ lived for a time. These houses are all now swept away.

[109] ‘London, Ancient and Modern, from the Sanitary and Medical Point of View,’ by G. V. Poore, M.D., F.R.C.P. London, 1889.