les@56132@56132-h@56132-h-7.htm.html#Page_84" class="pginternal">84 ——, influence on slips and subsidences in earthwork, 83 ——, special systems, 85, 86 Cuttings, causes of slips in, 2–5 ——, side, 157 ——, slips in, require separate consideration, 2 ——, vibration in, 136–141 D. Deposition of embankments. ——, effect of, 161 ——, failure of, 167 ——, form of tip head, 168 ——, general, 156, 157, 159 ——, height of tip, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167 ——, junction of high embankments, 164, 165 ——, long lead, 163 ——, method of, on soft soils, &c., 154, 155 ——, precautions in the, 157, 158, 161, 162 ——, preparation of ground, 159, 160 ——, from side-cutting, 157, 158 ——, side tipping, 167, 168 ——, specifications, impracticable, 156, 157 ——, steam navvy and the, 169, 170 ——, systems of, 159, 161–164, 166–169 ——, weather influence, 167 Depth, influence of, in cuttings, 87 ——, —— embankments, 87 ——, —— foundations, 89, 90 Diluvial soil, safe load upon, 89 Diversion of land waters, 15 ——, —— rivers, streams &c., 196, 197. Vide River. Dock earthworks. ——, ascertaining nature of soil, 198, 199, 208–210, 217, 218 ——, “Boils” in foundations, 216. Vide “Boils.” ——, causes of slips and subsidences in, 3–8 ——, difficulties of construction, ——, effect of erection, 173, 179, 180 ——, excavation for, 176, 177, 187 ——, height, 179 ——, material, 187 ——, pressures, calculations showing changes of 182–187 ——, protection of slope, 174–180 ——, shore deposit protection, 176, 177 ——, site, 171 ——, slope, form of, 174, 180 ——, trestle work, and on sea-shore, 180 ——, viaducts and, 172, 173, 180 F. Fascine covering of slopes, 128, 129, 178, 179 Field drains, interception of, 77 Fissures in slopes, 127, 128 Flint, beds in chalk, 28 Flood-waters, protection against, 57 Foot of slope, general considerations, 115 ——, protection and preservation, 115–131 Formation, special form of, 159 Formation width, ballast, 151 ——, influence of, 134, 135 ——, junction of embankments, 136 ——, lateral settlement, 135 ——, severe climates, 134, 135 ——, sidelong ground, 143 ——, temperate climates, 135 ——, value of width, 134, 135 ——, wet cuttings, 134 “Forming” embankments, 158 Friable rock, slopes, 24 ——, chalk, slopes, 27 Friction of earths, effects of water on, 103 ——, general considerations, 101–103, 105, 106 Friction of earths, necessity of relying upon, 105, 106 ——, relation to slope, 102 ——, table of slopes calculated from coefficient of friction, 104 G. Glacial deposits, treacherous, 18 Gneiss, slopes, 23 Granite, slopes, 23 Grass, covering slope with, Slipped earth, treatment and removal of, 60–64 Slips in canals, special causes, “An epitome of the best practice which may be relied upon not to mislead.”“The successful construction of works in concrete is a difficult matter to explain in books.” “All the points which open the way to bad work are carefully pointed out by our author with a pertinacious insistence which demonstrates his clear appreciation of their value.” “As numerous examples are cited of the use of concrete in public works, and details supplied, the book will greatly assist engineers engaged upon such works.” THE BUILDER—24th September, 1887. “A very practical little book, carefully compiled, and one which all writers of specifications for concrete work would do well to peruse.” “The book contains reliable information for all engaged upon public works.” “A perusal of Mr. Newman’s valuable little handbook will point out the importance of a more careful investigation of the subject than is usually supposed to be necessary.” AMERICAN PRESS. BUILDING—19th November, 1887. “To accomplish so much in so limited a space, the subject-matter has been confined to chapters.” “We take pleasure in saying that this is the most admirable and complete handbook on concretes for engineers of which we have knowledge.” London: E. & F. N. SPON, 125, Strand.
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