A Aed BennÁn (Ao? BeannÁn), power of, 237 Agricola conquers the Britons, 36;
intends the conquest of Ireland, 136 Ailbhe, Saint, date of, 161 Ailech (Oileac), kingdom of, 184;
growth in power, 277
airchinnech (oircinneac, "erenagh," "herenagh"), office of, 351
airecht (oireact), court of assembly, 320 Airgialla (Oirgialla, "Oriel"), 126;
varying extent of, 185, 278 Aithech-thuatha, 148 Amorgen (A?airgean, Ai?irgean), legend of, 97 Anglo-Norman aggression, false pretext of, 286 Anglo-Norman conquest, failure of, 323;
supposed causes of failure, 324;
extent of, 327;
rally begins against, 328;
details of rally, 335 Anglo-Norman invasion, destructive effects of, 308-311 Anglo-Normans, Irish assimilation of, 341 Annals, restricted scope of the, 178 Aristocracy, intense pride of, 354 Armagh founded, 160;
school of, a national university, 284 Assemblies, 138, 320;
of the learned, 344 Atecotti, 144, 146, 147-149
B Bede describes Ireland, 195;
relates Irish migration to Scotland, 195, 196 Belach Mugna (Bealac Mugna "Ballaghmoon"), battle of, 260
Belgae, origin of, 18;
"Brythons," a supposed branch of, 42 Belgic migrations, 52;
extended to Ireland, 57 Bernard, Saint, of Clairvaux, his interest in Ireland, 281 Black Pig's Dyke, 131 "Book of Invasions," a national epic, 96 "Book of Rights," contents of, 274 BÓramha tribute, 238 Brega (Breaga, "Bregia"), kingdom of, 235 Bregon (Breogan), legend of, 93 Brian BÓramha, birth of, 266;
his allies, 268;
his policy, 269-272 Britain, Irish invasion of, 141;
Irish settlements in, 155 British ethnography exemplified, 32 Britons, effect of Roman conquest on, 34-37;
displaced from Scotland, 202;
in Irish wars, 203 Brittani, Brittania, origin of the names, 58 Bronze Age in Ireland, date of, 43;
not Celtic, 44-46, 70;
tillage in Ireland during, 72 Brown Earl of Ulster, 339 Bruce, Edward, chosen king of Ireland, 334;
comes to Ireland, 337 Bruce, Robert, sovereignty of Ireland offered to, 333, 337 "Brythons," 34, 43, 45
C CÆsar, Julius on Ireland, 134 Caledones, 143 Cathal, king of Munster, 237 Cashel (Caiseal Mu?an) "discovered," 127;
synod of, 286 CellachÁn (CeallacÁn), king of Munster, 266 Celtae of Gallia Celtica, supposed identity of Gaels with, 42 Celtic antiquity, growth of learned and popular interest in, 6-9 Celtic migrations to Britain and Ireland, current British theory of, 32;
approximate earliest date of, 48;
traditions concerning, 49, 50;
archaeological evidence of, 51, 52 Celtic origin of Gaels and Britons forgotten by themselves, brought to light by Buchanan, 4-5 Celtic religion, 30 Celtic resistance to Norsemen, 254 Celtic studies:
initiated by Buchanan, 5;
developed by Llwyd, 6;
stimulated by Gray, 7;
and still more by Macpherson, 8 Celtic words in the Germanic languages, 17, 18 Celto-Germanic population, 18-25 Celts:
the name indicative of linguistic not racial descent, 1-3;
earliest accounts of, early relations with Germans, 15-25;
ancient civilisation of, 25 Cerdraige (Ceardraige), 76 Christian era in Irish chronology, 223 Christians in Ireland before St. Patrick, 161-167 Chronology of pre-Christian Ireland, 49 Church, effect of the Anglo-Norman invasion on the, 288, 308 Church lands, 351 CiarÁn of Saighir, Saint, 161 "Cities" in Ireland, mentioned by Ptolemy, 137, 138 "Clan system," notions of, 289, 349, 353 Clann CholmÁin dynasty, 236 Clontarf, character of the battle of, 272;
effect on Norsemen, 273 CÓiced (cÚigea?), significance of, 101 Coirpre Nia Fer (Cairbre Nia Fear), king of North Leinster, 104, 106 Collas, the Three, 124 Columban monasteries, reorganisation of, 284 Commios and his sons, 167-170 Communal land tenure, true and false notions of, 295, 351 Connacht (Connacta), ancient extent of, 112, 186 Constantine, Donation of, 17 Copper mines in Ireland, their remote antiquity, 71 Copper Period in Ireland, 43, 70 Copper rivets, ancient industry in, 75 Corcu Loegdae (Corca Laoig?e), 162 Cormac, king of Munster, 260 Cormac, king of Tara, 120;
his reign an epoch, 124 Craftsmen enfranchised, 229 Crinna, battle of, 120 Cruithin, the Irish name of the Picts, 59, 63 Cu Chulainn, 79 Cu RÓi (CÚ Raoi), 102
D DÁirine, 162 DÁl Araidhe, 185 DÁl gCais, "Dalcassians," rising power of, 266, 268 DÁl Riada, 185, 194-200, 203 Danes arrive in Ireland, 253 Danish kings of the Hebrides, 212 Dathi=Nath-Í, 157 De Burgh family, their alleged change in policy, 340 DÉclÁn (DiaglÁn), Saint, 161 Derbfine (Deir??ine), significance of, 230, 290 DÉsi, DÉisi, migration of, 109, 128 Druim Ceata, assembly of, 197 Dublin first fortified, 251;
becomes seat of Norse kingdom, 252;
battle of, 264 Dumbarton, "stronghold of the Britons," 198, 204;
captured by Dublin Norsemen, 255 Dynastic polity, 177
E Eblana, Eblani, 137 Ecclesiastical reform, 281-288 Éire, Ériu, origin of the name, 67 Emain (an Ea?ain, "the Navan"), 115 England before the Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland, 305;
racial type now prevalent in, 39 English invade Ireland, A.D. 684, 201 English power recovered through firearms and artillery, 347 Eochu Feidlech (Eocai? Fei?leac), 118 Eochu MacLuchtai (Eocai? mac Lucta), king of Munster, 103, 104 EterscÉl (EidirsgÉal), king of Ireland, 109 Eoghanachta, origin of, 127;
states of, 186;
maximum power and decline of, 260-262 Érainn, Érna, "Erneans," 65-68, 104(—Iverni) "erenagh"=airchinnech Etruscan alphabet in Cisalpine Gaul, 167 Eusebius, Irish writers influenced by, 89
F Feidhlimidh, king of Munster, 259 Feidhlimidh, king of Connacht, career of, 328 Fer Diad (Fear Dia?), 79 Fergus (Feargus) defends the Galians, 81 Fergus mac Eire, 116, 194 Fiachu Sroibtine (Fiaca Sraiftine), 124 Fiana, 150 Find Fili (Fionn File), king of South Leinster, 104, 106, 110 Fionn Bheara a Celtic god, 87 Fir Bolg, 77, 79 Fir Domhnann, 79 Fir Iboth (i?o?), 74 (=Ebudeans) FitzGerald, Maurice, career of, 328 Five-fold division of Ireland in ancient tradition, 102 Flemish settlers in Ireland, 303 Fochairt, battle of, 338 Fochla, kingdom of the, 185 Fomori (Fo?oraig), 85, 87
G Gabhair in Leinster between the two ancient provinces, 107 Gaelic settlements in Britain, origin of, 46 Gaels, legendary origin of, 90 Galians ( Gaileoin), 80, 104 Gall-Ghaedhil or Norse-Irish, 211, 252 GallÓglÁich, "galloglasses," 326;
commanders of, 334;
first record of, 336;
spread of, 341 Gaulish settlers in Ireland, 128 Genealogies help to explain the annals, 179, 183, 194 Geography in ancient Irish schools, 92 Germans and Celts, early relations between, 15-25 Glacial period in Ireland, 69 Gold in ancient Ireland, 71 Gormlaith, career of, 262 Government of an Irish state, character of, 352 Grants of land, 297; to GallÓglach commanders, 335 Grants of lordship, 177 Greek alphabet used in Gaul, 167 Greek in ancient Irish schools, 243
H Hakon, king of Norway, loses control of Hebrides, 216;
Irish sovereignty offered to, 332 Heathen lore, ancient Irish, 176 Hebrides, 74 Hebridean forces, 325;
first appearance in Ireland, 329 Heptarchy in Ireland, 113 "herenagh"—airchinnech Hiberni, Hibernia, origin of the names, 67 History of Ireland, how constructed by ancient writers, 89, 98;
earliest documents of, 114, 175;
distorted views of, 347
I Ibar (Iu?ar), Saint, date of, 161 Ibdaig (I??aig), Ebudeans, 74 Iberi in Irish legend, 91 Iberians, supposed early inhabitants of Britain, 40-42;
supposed traces of, 62 Inber ScÉne (In?ear SgÉine), legend of, 93-95 Incastellation policy of Anglo-Normans adopted by Irish, 343 Industrial tribes of pre-Celtic origin, 75-79, 82 Intercourse with the Continent, 242 Iona granted to St. Columba, 197 Irish civilisation, chief defect of, 354 Irish forces under Roman command, 151 Irish language, ancient learned jargon of, 165 Irish law, features of, 312 Irish learning, characteristics of, 240-244 Irish manuscript orthography, origin of, 174 Iron Age in Britain, supposed to have been introduced by Belgae, 42 Iron, Celtic expansion facilitated by possession of, 153 Iverni, 65-68, 104
K Kenneth MacAlpin (Cionao? mac AilpÍn), 204 Kingship, law of succession to, 230 Kings, functions of, 352
L Lagin Tuad-Gabair (Laigin Tuad?-Ga?air), L. Des-Gabair (Deas-Ga?air), 107 Latin in ancient Irish schools, 241 "Laudabiliter," 286 Law, courts of, 318 Law of succession, evil consequences of, 294, 300 Learning in Ireland, Zimmer's account, 164;
testimony of Saint Columbanus, 166 Leinster, ancient extent of, 108, 122, 129, 186;
struggle for lost territory of, 188;
tribute, 238 Letters in Britain, introduction of, 167-170 Limerick, Norse settlement at, 262 Lincolnshire, pseudo-scientific ethnography exemplified in the case of, 32 Literature in Ireland, beginnings of, 167 Loeguire (Laogaire), king of Ireland, 182, 188 Luaighni, 80, 104 Luguid (Lugai?), king of Ireland, 190-193
M MacCÁba ("MacCabe") family, 334 MacDomhnaill ("MacDonnell, MacConnell." etc.) family, 334;
obtains Irish territory, 219, 342 MacDubhghaill ("MacDugall, MacDowell, Doyle, Coyle") family, 334 MacRuaidhri ("MacRory, Rogers") family, 334 MacSÍthigh ("MacSheehy, Sheehy, Shee") family, 334 MacSuibhne ("MacSweeney, Sweeny") family, 334;
first record of, 335 MagRoth, MagRa?=Moira Magnus, king of Norway, fails to restore Norse power, 280 Malachy (Maol m'Ao?Óg), Saint, 281 Mathgamain (Ma?ga?ain) overthrows Eoghanacht dynasty, 268 Matriarchy, a Pictish custom, 59 Medb (Mea??), 80, 118 Medraige (Mea?raige), 82 Midhe, early extent of, 113;
partition of, 235 MÍl, legend of, 91-95 Military organisation disappears, 229, 235, 251, 267;
reintroduced, 325 Military tribes of pre-Celtic origin, 79-82 Moira, battle of, 199 Monarchy, Irish, fictitious accounts of, 115, 239;
origin of, 118;
held by Connacht dynasty, 130;
detached from Connacht dynasty, 192;
succession to, 231, 238;
in abeyance, 272;
restored in depraved form, 273 Muirchertach MacErca, king of Ireland, 190-193 Muirchertach, king of Ailech, career of, 266 Muiredach TÍrech (Muirea?ac TÍreac), 124 Munster, ancient extent of, 108, 126, 186;
increasing power of, 236;
ecclesiastical kings of, 258 Mythological inhabitants of Ireland, 85 Mythology of Irish Celts shows traces of continental origin, 87;
transformed by Christian writers, 88
N Nationality, ancient Irish conception of, 96;
characteristic development of, 224-229;
conscious sense of, 244-248 Nath-Í, 157 Nemed (Nei?ea?), 88 Neolithic Age in Ireland, 69 Nia Segomon (Nia Seaga?an), 127 Niall Glundubh, king of Ireland, 263 Niall of the Nine Hostages, 129, 130, 157;
settlements of his kindred, 180-185 Norman statecraft, 301 Normans, so called, in Ireland, their racial, linguistic, and political affinities, 302 Norman plan of conquest, 304 North Leinster kingdom, fall of, 122 Nuadu (Nua?a. Nodons), a Celtic god, 95 Norse invasions begin, 203, 249;
Celtic resistance to, 205;
conquests in Scotland, 205;
kingdom of Hebrides and Argyle, 211-220;
earliest settlements in Ireland, 251;
power in England and France, 254;
expelled from northern Ireland, 255;
adopt a settled life, 265, 273;
demoralisation caused by, 281
O Ocha, importance of the battle of, 190, 231 Oengus (Aongus), a Celtic god, 86 Oengus (Aongus), king of Munster, 128 O'Farrell (Ua Feargail) territory extended, 336 Ogham alphabet, origin of, 170;
inscriptions, range and time of, 173 Ogmios, Ogme (Ogma), a Celtic god, 171 Oileach=Ailech oirchinnea=chairchinnech oireacht=airecht Oirghialla=Airgialla O'Neill, Brian, career of, 328;
chosen chief king, 331 O'Neill dynasty, increased power of, 343 Oriel=Airgialla Orosius, Irish writers influenced by, 90, 92-95 Ovoca, curious origin of the name, 139
P "P-Celts" and "Q-Celts," 43, 46 Paganism, survival of, 224 PalÆolithic Age not represented in Ireland, 68 Palladius, Saint, mission of, 163 ParthalÓn, 39, 88 Patrick, Saint, 159;
date of his death, 222;
Bury's account of, 225 Pelagius, 164 Pentarchy in Irish tradition, 100 Picts, supposed to be Iberians, 41;
Ireland and Britain named from, 59;
in Ireland and Scotland, 62-65;
legendary origin of, 64;
in Ireland, 74;
in Ulster, 120, 185;
earliest mention of, 141;
in Connacht, 180;
their kingdom in Scotland overthrown, 204;
they lose territory in Ulster, 233 Pliny on Ireland, 135 Political system in ancient Ireland, 274-278 Pomponius Mela on Ireland, 134 Poseidonios on Ireland, 133 Pre-Celtic population of Ireland, 73 Pre-Celtic metal workers, 75, 76 Pretani, significance of the name, 59, 62 Primitive races, assumptions regarding, 83 Property in land, 295-299 Ptolemy on Ireland, 136
Q Qreteni, an ancient name for the Picts, 59
R Race, true and false notions of, 1, 2 Racial fusion in Ireland, 229 Red Earl of Ulster, 336 Revolt against Gaelic rule, 80, 119 RÍgdamna (rÍog?a?na), precise meaning of, 231 Roman empire, collapse of, 158 Roman military system influences Ireland, 150 "Rosnaree," Ros na RÍog, battle of, 103
S Schools, reorganisation of, 284 Scotland, Irish colonisation of, 194;
Irish settlements extend to east coast, 202;
conquest by Cinaed (Cionao?), 204;
centralised polity of, 206;
extent of Irish colonisation, 207;
anglicisation, 208;
feudal institutions introduced, 209 Scotti, legendary origin of, 90;
earliest mention of, 143;
meaning of the name, 144;
St. Jerome's account of, 146 Scottish history, earliest documents of, 198 Scythians in Irish legend, 91 Segomo, a Celtic god, 127 Semaine (Seamaine), Semrige (Seimrige), Semonrige (Seamonraige), Tuath Semon (Seaman), 75, 78 SÍol Aedo SlÁne (SÍol Ao?a SlÁine), dynasty of, 236 Sliab Badbgnai (Slia? ?Ágna, "Slieve Baune"), 78 Sliab Echtgi (Slia? Eactga, "Slieve Aughty or Baughty"), 78 Snakes absent from Ireland, 140 Solinus on Ireland, 140 States in ancient Ireland, classification of, 274, 275 Strabo on Ireland, 134 Sumarlidi (So?airli?), founds a kingdom in western Scotland, 214;
spurious pedigree of, 215;
sends embassy to Derry, 284;
his descendants in Ireland, 326, 334
T Tacitus on Ireland, 136 Tadhg, son of Cian, 121 Taillte ("Teltown"), assembly of, interrupted, 256;
restored, 258 "TÁin BÓ Cuailnge," its ancient celebrity, 100 Tanistry, origin of, 295 Tara (Tea?air), a provincial capital, 104;
occupied by Connacht dynasty, 120;
its desertion, legendary and historical, 233-236 "Teora Connachta," 130 Tigernach (Tigearnac), 86 Tillage in Ireland during Bronze Age, 72 Tin from Britain, ancient trade in, 47 Tradition, historical value of, 105;
medieval treatment of, 279 "Tribal system," theory of, 289 Tuatha DÉ Danaan, 85, 95 Tuathal Teachtmhar, 118
U Ui Maine kingdom, origin of, 179 Ui NÉill, 130;
Northern and Southern, 184-186;
dissensions of, 233, 236 Uisneach occupied by Connacht dynasty, 118 Ulaidh, kingdom of, 185 Ulster, ancient extent of, 112, 123-125, 129;
Great Wall of, 131;
strategic aspect of frontier, 328;
O'Neill kings of, 335;
earldom, 336;
goes to English royal house, 339;
Feudal authority overthrown in, 341 Ulster kingdom, fall of, 126
W Welsh settlers in Ireland, 303,
(See also under Britons) Warfare in ancient Ireland, 227 Waterford, Norse settlement at, 262;
successfully defended, 264 World-sovereignty, Irish notions about, 269 Writing in Irish, early spread of, 176
Z Zimmer's theory of the beginning of Irish learning, 164
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