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P. 20. Hermaphrodites and Asexualism.—Rokitansky decides Hohmann to be a case of hermaphrodita vera lateralis, and all who examine her say the same. See Wiener Medicin. Wochenschrift, October, 1868, and the Medical and Surgical Reporter, vol. xix. p. 487. A marked case of asexualism, proven so by a post mortem examination, is reported in the Buffalo Medical and Surgical Journal for April, 1869, p. 338; and another in the Medical Times and Gazette of about the same date. We might refer to many more recent and authentic cases.

P. 25. Age of Puberty.—See case by Dr. T. H. Twiner, in the Richmond and Louisville Medical Journal, March, 1869, Raciborski, De la Menstruation et de l'Age Critique chez la Femme, p. 130. The quotation (p. 26) is from Dr. Edward Smith, Cyclical Changes in Health and Disease,—a profound work. Raciborski is the principal authority for this and the following section. Our own inquiries fully confirm his statements.

P. 32. Influence of the Moon on Menstruation.—On this question, see the researches of M. Parchappe, Comptes Rendus de l'AcadÉmie des Sciences, tom. xvi. p. 550. See also Dr. Shrye, Tractatus de Fluxu Menstruo, in the Acta Lipsiensia for 1686, p. 111; Dr. W. Charleton, Inquisitio Physica de Causis Catameniorum, p. 78; and Galen, De Diebus Decretoriis, lib. iii., for other curious particulars.

P. 37. Chlorosis.—For the pathology of this disease, see Dr. Gaillard Thomas, Diseases of Women, p. 625, and Dr. C. H. Bauer, in the Weiner Medicin. Zeitung, No. 33, 1868. Occasionally the change at puberty leads to an affection very closely resembling typhoid fever, but which is strictly due to the sexual crisis; and often goitre commences at this period. See a review of Raciborski, in the Bulletin de Therapeutique, June, 1869.

P. 39. Masturbation in Girls.—See Miss Catherine E. Beecher, Letters to the People on Health and Happiness, p. 159. The late medical literature on the subject is abundant. See Ueber die Behandlung der Masturbation bei kleinen MÄdchen, Journal jÜr Kinderkrankheiten, Bd. li. p. 360; H. R. Storer, Western Journal of Medicine, July, 1868; and Journal of the Gynecological Society, vol. i. No. 1.

Pp. 50, 51.Premature Marriages.—See Dr. Duncan, Fecundity, Fertility, etc., p. 241; Reich, Natur und Gesundheitslehre des Ehelichen Lebens, p. 518.

P. 56. Holy Love.—The distinction between ???p? and ???? is too familiar to all scholars to need extended mention. See Trench, Synonyms of the New Testament, sub voce.

Pp. 57, 58. Single Life in Its Relation To Sanity And Mortality.—The extraordinary statements in the text are vouched for by Dr. Casper, Medicinische Statistik, vol. ii. p. 164, and Dr. Reich, Geschichte, Natur, und Gesundheitslehre des Ehelichen Lebens, pp. 510, 511. We have compared the reports of a number of asylums for the insane, and find the proportions very nearly as great as stated by these authorities.

P. 70. Intermarriage of Relatives.—The view we advocate on this point, we know, is neither the received nor the popular one. In the middle ages it was forbidden to intermarry within the seventh degree of consanguinity; but this and all other regulations were based on theological and political, not physiological, grounds. Among others, Dr. Nathan Allen has insisted on the danger of consanguineous marriages (Journal of Psychological Medicine, Volume ii). But other very careful and recent students adopt the view of our text: for instance, Dr. F. J. Behrend, Journal fÜr Kinderkrankheiten, December, 1868, p. 316; Dr. A. Voisin, in the reports of the Paris AcadÉmie de MÉdecin,1864, 1865, and 1868; and Dr. H. Gaillard, in the last edition (1868) of the Dictionnaire de MÉdecine et de Chirurgie Pratique. All the statements in the text are supported with incontrovertible evidence by these writers. If we are asked how to meet the seemingly alarming array of allegations by Dr. Bemiss, the Kentucky physician referred to in the Transactions of the American Medical Association for 1859, we would refer to Dr. Behrend's articles, where the researches of Bemiss are severely criticised. For Dr. Edward Smith's assertion, see his Essay on Consumption, p. 244 (Philadelphia, 1865).

P. 80. Communication of Venereal Diseases.—Many instances are recorded where a drinking-glass, a spoon, a fork, or a handkerchief has infected innocent persons with these terrible diseases (see Cullerier, Atlas of Venereal Diseases, p. 43). They are communicated from the male to the female, or from the female to the male, with equal facility, and either parent can transmit them to the children. The physician referred to is Dr. Sigmund, in the Humboldt Medical Archives, 1868.

P. 83. Symbolism.—See Dr. Carus, Symbolik der Menschlichen Gestalt, the most scientific work ever written on physiognomy, phrenology, and allied subjects.

Pp. 90, 91.—See Raciborski, De la PubertÉ et de l'Age Critique chez la Femme, p. 133; Tilt, Uterine Therapeutics, p. 315.

P. 94. Contagion of Phthisis.—See Dr. William A. Hammond's Treatise on Hygiene, p. 438, for air-space required by a healthy person. The contagion of phthisis is maintained by many authorities—among others, Dr. W. W. Gerbard (see Pennsylvanian Hospital Reports for 1868, p. 266). Professor Castan has recently collected, in the Montpelier MÉdicale, a variety of facts, which seem to show that tuberculosis may be communicated from a diseased to a healthy person by transpiration, breathed air, and living together (Press and Circular, March 10, 1869). In regard to the inoculation of tubercle, we have reference to the well-known experiments of M. Villemin, of the HÔpital Val-de-Grace, Paris. In this connection we may record an instance of recent medical heroism. M. Lespiaud, attached to the surgical department of the Val-de-Grace, in presence of several of his colleagues, extracted granular matter from the body of a phthisical subject, and introduced it under his own integument. This zealous investigator into the etiology of tuberculosis has thus exposed himself in a courageous way for the benefit of science, to the effects of a most dangerous and merciless disease.

P. 96. The Dignity and Propriety of the Sexual Instinct.—Dr. Edward John Tilt is the medical writer referred to (see Uterine Therapeutics, pp. 95, 313). See also Bosquet, Noveau Tableau de l'Amour Conjugal, vol. ii. p. 2, etc.; Rousel, SystÈme Physique et Moral de la Femme, p. 211; Menville, Histoire MÉdicale et Philosophique de la Femme, vol. i. p. 36 et seq.; Raciborski, De la PubertÉ, etc., p. 45.

P. 99. On the Indulgence and Restraint of Sexual Desire.—Menville, vol. ii. p. 91; Bosquet, vol. ii. p. 280; Economy of Life—or, Food, Repose, and Love, by George Miles. Dr. Edward Smith, in his valuable work on Cyclical Changes in Health and Disease, has collected extensive statistics showing the effect of the time of conception on the viability of the foetus. The quotation is from Carpenter's Human Physiology, p. 753.

P 103. See Lancet for March 6, 1869, p. 337, for report of discussion in the Pathological Society of London upon the physical degeneracy resulting from procreation during intoxication. Authorities could be cited at length upon this subject, but it is not necessary. See Huleland's Art of Prolonging Life, p. 207.

Pp. 106-114. Sterility.—For statistics referred to, see Dr. Matthews Duncan, Fecundity, Fertility, and Sterility (Edinburgh, 1866), p. 181 et seq.; Dr. Tilt, Uterine Therapeutics, p. 291; Dr. Edward Reich, Gesundheitslehre des Ehelichen Lebens, Th. ii.

Dr. J. Marion Sims, On the Microscope as an Aid in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Sterility, New York Medical Journal, January 1869, p. 406; Charles Darwin, The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication, vol. ii. p. 198; Philadelphia Medical and Surgical Reporter, November 2, 1867, p. 384; A. Debay, HygiÈne et Physiologie du Mariage, p. 288 (Paris, Quarante-quatriÈme Édition); Raciborski, De la PubertÉ, etc., p. 451; Virey, De la Femme sous ses Rapports Phys., etc., p. 332; Dr. Gunning S. Bedford, The Principles and Practice of Obstetrics, p. 107.

P. 115. The Limitation of Offspring.—We have taken great pains to avoid giving false or dangerous impressions in this section. The references in the order of quotation are:—Dr. Tilt, Hand-Book of Uterine Therapeutics, p. 317; Dr. Duncan, Fecundity, Fertility, Sterility, and Allied Topics, pp. 289, 290; Dr. Hillier, Diseases of Children, p. 114; John Stuart Mill, Principles of Political Economy, p. 591; Dr. Drysdale, London Medical Press and Circular, December, 1868, p. 478; Raciborski, De l'Age Critique chez la Femme, p. 484; The Nation, June 1869; Dr. Edward Reich, Natur und Gesundheitslehre des Ehelichen Lebens, p. 493; Boston Medical and Surgical Journal, February 1867; Philadelphia Medical and Surgical Reporter, vol. xix. p. 305; Sismondi, Principles of Political Economy, book vii. chap. v.; Dr. MacCormac, in London Medical Press and Circular, March 1869, p. 244; Dr. Gaillard Thomas, Diseases of Women, p. 58; Leavenworth Medical Herald, April, 1867; Dr. N. K. Bowling, in The Nashville Journal of Medicine and Surgery, October 1868. We have rather let others speak than spoken ourselves, and have collected the opinions of many most distinguished physicians and statesmen, who thus pronounce against excessive child-bearing. Any intelligent physician will acknowledge the weight to be assigned to such names.

P. 128. Signs of Fruitful Conjunction.—Carpenter, Human Physiology, p. 772; Dr. Gunning S. Bedford, Principles and Practice of Obstetrics, p. 304; Menville, vol. i p. 295; Montgomery, Signs and Symptoms of Pregnancy, p. 90.

P. 132. Inheritance.—Darwin, Animals and Plants under Domestication, pp. 42, 473; Sir Henry Holland's Medical Notes and Reflections, p. 30; Pritchard, Researches into the Physical History of Mankind, vol. ii. p. 551; Carpenter, Human Physiology, p. 779; A. Debay, HygiÈne et Physiologie du Mariage, p. 173; Fleurens, De la LongÉvitÉ et de la Quantie de Vie sur le Globe, p. 256 (Paris, 1860); Hufeland, Art of Prolonging Life, pp. 91, 206; Hammond's Hygiene, p. 116; American Journal of Medical Sciences, July, 1865, p. 82; Francis Galton, On Hereditary Talent and Character, in Macmillan's Magazine, vol. xii. pp. 157, 318; Madden, The Infirmities of Genius, vol. ii. p. 107; Lancet, December 22, 1868, p. 825; The British Medical Journal, January 11, 1868, p. 25; Dr. Prosper Lucas, TraitÉ de l'HÉrÉditÉ Naturelle; Victor Hugo, L'Homme qui Rit, le seconde chapitre prÉliminaire; Watson's Practice, p. 1153; Dr. Daniel G. Brinton, Guide-Book to Florida and the South, Pt. iii.; Dr. J. V. C. Smith, Physical Indications of Longevity in Man.

P. 163. Plural Births.—Duncan, Fecundity, Fertility, and Sterility, p. 69; Ramsbotham, System of Obstetrics, p. 461; Philadelphia Medical and Surgical Reporter, vol. xix. p. 508, xx. p. 98.

P. 167. Pregnancy.—Menville, i. p. 299; Dr. Gunning S. Bedford, System of Obstetrics, p. 144 et seq.; Montgomery, Signs and Symptoms of Pregnancy; Dr. Edward Rigby, System of Midwifery, p. 47.

P. 180. Mothers' Marks.—See a very interesting article by Professor Wm. A. Hammond, in The Quarterly Journal of Psychological Medicine and Medical Jurisprudence, January, 1868, p. 1, in which he says, in regard to the influence of the maternal mind over the foetus in utero: 'The chances of these instances, and others which I have mentioned, being due to coincidence, are infinitesimally small; and though I am careful not to reason upon the principle of post hoc ergo propter hoc, I cannot—nor do I think any other person can, no matter how logical may be his mind—reason fairly against the connection between cause and effect in such cases. The correctness of the facts only can be questioned: if these be accepted, the probabilities are thousands of millions to one, that the relation between the phenomena is correct.' See also Dr. J. Lewis Smith, Diseases of Infancy and Childhood, 1869, p. 21; Philadelphia Medical and Surgical Reporter, vol. xix. p. 359.

Pp. 192-197. Concurrent Pregnancies.—Raciborski, De la PubertÉ, etc., p. 491; Dr. Gunning S. Bedford, System of Obstetrics, p. 442; Dict. des Sciences MÉdicales, t. L. iii.; Lancet, August, 1856, p. 131; Carpenter, Human Physiology, p. 779; Beck's Elements of Medical Jurisprudence, art. 'Superfoetation;' Rokitansky, Pathological Anatomy; Philadelphia Medical and Surgical Reporter, May 1, 1869, p. 335.—Professor Pancost removed some years since, from the cheek of a child some months old, a rudimentary second child.

P. 198. Can the Foetus Cry in Utero?—Dr. Bedford Obstetrics, p. 264; Lancet, January 23, 1869.

P. 199. Is It a Son Or Daughter?—Philadelphia Medical and Surgical Reporter, vol. xvii. p. 495; Dr. Frankenhauser, in the Monatschrift fÜr Geburtskunde; Dr. Packman, On Impregnation, Lancet, July 18, 1863.

P. 202. Gardner Peerage Case.—Dr. Bedford, System of Obstetrics, p. 299.

P. 204. Prolonged Pregnancies.—Taylor, Medical Jurisprudence, p. 586; Report of Proceedings against the Rev. Fergus Jardine (Edinburgh, 1839).

P. 207. Care of Health During Pregnancy.—Churchill, On Women, p. 451; Menville, ii. 114; Tilt's Elements of Health, p. 271.

P. 236. To Have Labor Without Pain.—Professor T. Gaillard Thomas says, 'The rule should be to employ an anÆsthetic in every case of labor, during the second stage, unless some contra-indication exists. After a delivery, under its influence patients recover more rapidly, are freer from complications, and show fewer signs of prostration.' See Lecture on the Management of Women after Parturition, in the Richmond and Louisville Medical Journal, February, 1869, p. 145.

P. 238. Weight and Length of New-born Children—Philadelphia Medical and Surgical Reporter, vol. xix. p. 388; Carpenter, Human Physiology, p. 810; Ramsbotham, Obstetrics, p. 111; Detroit Review of Medicine and Pharmacy, March, 1869, p. 150.

P. 271. The Child.—Dr. J. Lewis Smith, A Treatise on the Diseases of Infancy and Childhood, 1869, p. 28 et seq.; Dr. Thomas Hillier, Clinical Treatise on the Diseases of Children, p. 17; Dr. Edward Smith, Cyclical Changes in Health and Disease; Dr. John Marshall, Outlines of Physiology, Human and Comparative, pp. 761, 765, 998; Dr. Charles A. Cameron, Lectures on the Preservation of Health, 1868, p. 174; Dr. Charles J. B. Williams, Principles of Medicine, p. 480; Dr. J. Forsyth Meigs, Diseases of Children; Dr. E. J. Tilt, Elements of Health and Principles of Female Hygiene, p. 50 et seq.; Dr. Andrew Combe, The Management of Infancy, p. 73 et seq. (ninth ed. Edinburgh, 1860), Report of Board of Health of Philadelphia for 1868, p. 43; British and Foreign Medico-Chirurgical Review, April 1868, pp. 382, 454; Southern Journal of the Medical Sciences, November, 1867, p. 555; Dr. Thomas Hawkes Tanner, Practice of Medicine, p. 108; Dr. William A. Hammond, Treatise on Hygiene, p. 95 et seq.; Philadelphia Medical and Surgical Reporter, vol. xvi. p. 530, xix. pp. 37, 59, 119, 134, 382; Edward C. Seaton, M.D., A Hand-Book of Vaccination; Professor J. B. Fonssagrives, L'Education Physique des Filles; Le RÔle des meres dans les maladies des Enfants; Sir James Y. Simpson, Selected Obstetrical and Gynecological Works, etc., etc.