THE ARGVMEMTES HANDLED IN EVERY PARTICVLAR TITLE .

Previous

Cap. 1.

The entrie to the Positions, conteining the occasion of this present discourse, and the causes why it was penned in English. (P. 1.)

Cap. 2.

Wherfore these Positions serue, what they be, and how necessarie it was to begin at them. (P. 4.)

Cap. 3.

Of what force circunstance is in matters of action, and how warily authorities be to be vsed, where the contemplatiue reason receiues the check of the actiue circunstance, if they be not well applyed. Of the alledging of authours. (P. 8.)

Cap. 4.

What time were best for the childe to begin to learne. What matters some of the best writers handle eare they determine this question. Of letes and libertie, whervnto the parentes are subiect in setting their children to schoole. Of the difference of wittes and bodies in children. That exercise must be ioyned with the booke, as the schooling of the bodie. (P. 14.)

Cap. 5.

What thinges they be, wherein children are to be trained, eare they passe to the Grammar. That parentes, and maisters ought to examine the naturall abilities in children, whereby they become either fit, or vnfit, to this, or that kinde of life. The three naturall powers in children, Witte to conceiue by, Memorie to retaine by, Discretion to discerne by. That the training vp to good manners, and nurture, doth not belong to the teacher alone, though most to him, next after the parent, whose charge that is most, bycause his commaundement is greatest, ouer his owne childe, and beyond appeale. Of Reading, Writing, Drawing, Musicke by voice, and instrument: and that they be the principall principles, to traine vp the minde in. A generall aunswere to all obiections, which arise against any, or all of these. (P. 25.)

Cap. 6.

Of exercises and training the body. How necessarie a thing exercise is. What health is, and how it is maintained: what sicknesse is, how it commeth, and how it is preuented. What a parte exercise playeth in the maintenaunce of health. Of the student and his health. That all exercises though they stirre some one parte most, yet helpe the whole bodie. (P. 40.)

Cap. 7.

The braunching, order, and methode, kept in this discourse of exercises. (P. 49.)

Cap. 8.

Of exercise in generall, and what it is. And that it is Athleticall for games, Martiall for the fielde, Physicall for health, preparatiue before, postparatiue after the standing exercise: some within dores, for foule whether, some without for faire. (P. 51.)

Cap. 9.

Of the particular exercises. Why I do appoint so manie, and how to iudge of them, or to deuise the like. (P. 54.)

Cap. 10.

Of lowd speaking. How necessarie, and how proper an exercise it is for a scholer. (P. 55.)

Cap. 11.

Of lowd singing, and in what degree it commeth to be one of the exercises. (P. 59.)

Cap. 12.

Of lowde, and soft reading. (P. 60.)

Cap. 13.

Of much talking and silence. (P. 62.)

Cap. 14.

Of laughing, and weeping. And whether children be to be forced toward vertue and learning. (P. 63.)

Cap. 15.

Of holding the breath. (P. 68.)

Cap. 16.

Of daunsing, why it is blamed, and how deliuered from blame. (P. 72.)

Cap. 17.

Of wrastling. (P. 76.)

Cap. 18.

Of fensing, or the vse of the weapon. (P. 78.)

Cap. 19.

Of the Top, and scourge. (P. 80.)

Cap. 20.

Of walking. (P. 82.)

Cap. 21.

Of running. (P. 89.)

Cap. 22.

Of leaping. (P. 92.)

Cap. 23.

Of swimming. (P. 94.)

Cap. 24.

Of riding. (P. 96.)

Cap. 25.

Of hunting. (P. 98.)

Cap. 26.

Of shooting. (P. 101.)

Cap. 27.

Of the ball. (P. 103.)

Cap. 28.

Of the circumstances, which are to be considered in exercise. (P. 108.)

Cap. 29.

The nature and qualitie of the exercise. (P. 109.)

Cap. 30.

Of the bodies which are to be exercised. (P. 110.)

Cap. 31.

Of the exercising places. (P. 114.)

Cap. 32.

Of the exercising time. (P. 115.)

Cap. 33.

Of the quantitie that is to be kept in exercise. (P. 118.)

Cap. 34.

Of the manner of exercising. (P. 122.)

Cap. 35.

An aduertisement to the training master. Why both the teaching of the minde and the training of the bodie be assigned to the same master. The inconueniences which ensue, where the bodie and the soule be made particular subiectes to seuerall professions. That who so will execute any thing well, must of force be fully resolued, in the excellencie of his owne subiect. Out of what kinde of writers the exercising maister maie store himselfe with cunning. That the first groundes would be laide by the cunningest workeman. That priuate discretion in any executour is of more efficacie, then his skill. (P. 124.)

Cap. 36.

That both yong boyes, and yong maidens are to be put to learne. Whether all boyes be to be set to schoole. That to many learned be burdenous: to few to bare: wittes well sorted ciuill: missorted seditious. That all may learne to write and reade without daunger. The good of choice, the ill of confusion. The children which are set to learne hauing either rich or poore freindes, what order and choice is to be vsed in admitting either of them to learne. Of the time to chuse. (P. 133.)

Cap. 37.

The meanes to restraine the ouerflowing multitude of scholers. The cause why euery one desireth, to haue his childe learned, and yet must yeilde ouer his owne desire to the disposition of his countrie. That necessitie and choice be the best restrainers. That necessitie restraineth by lacke and law. Why it may be admitted that all may learne to writ and reade that can, but no further. What is to be thought of the speaking and vnderstanding of latine, and in what degree of learning that is. That considering our time, and the state of religion in our time law must needes helpe this restraint, with the aunswere to such obiections as are made to the contrarie. That in choice of wittes, which must deale with learning, that wit is fittest for our state which aunswereth best the monarchie, and how such a wit is to be knowne. That choice is to helpe in schooling, in admission into colledges, in proceding to degrees, in preferring to liuings, where the right and wrong of all the foure pointes be handled at full. (P. 142.)

Cap. 38.

That yong maindens are to be set to learning, which is proued by the custome of our countrie, by our duetie towardes them, by their naturall abilitie, and by the worthie effectes of such, as haue bene well trained. The ende whereunto their education serueth, which is the cause why and how much they learne. Which of them are to learne. When they are to beginne to learne: What and how much they may learne. Of whom and where they ought to be taught. (P. 166.)

Cap. 39.

Of the training vp of yong gentlemen. Of priuate and publike education, with their generall goodes and illes. That there is no better way for gentlemen to be trained by in any respect, then the common is, being well appointed. Of rich mens children, which be no gentlemen. Of nobilitie in generall. Of gentlemanly exercises. What it is to be a nobleman or a gentleman. That infirmities in noble houses be not to be triumphed ouer. The causes and groundes of nobilitie. Why so many desire to be gentlemen. That gentlemen ought to professe learning, and liberall sciences for many good and honorable effectes. Of trauelin into forraine contries, with all the braunches, allowance and disallowance thereof: and that it were to be wished that gentlemen would professe, to make sciences liberall in vse, which are liberall in name. Of the training vp of a yong prince. (P. 183.)

Cap. 40.

Of the generall place and time of education. Publike places elementarie, grammaticall, collegiat. Of bourding of children abroad from their parentes howses: and whether that be the best. The vse and commoditie of a large and well situate training place. Observations to be kept in the generall time. (P. 222.)

Cap. 41.

Of teachers and trainers in generall: and that they be either Elementarie, Grammatticall, or Academicall. Of the elementarie teachers abilitie and entertainement: of the grammer maisters abilitie and his entertainement. A meane to haue both excellent teachers and cunning professours in all kindes of learning: by the diuision of colledges according to professions: by sorting like yeares into the same rowmes: by bettering the studentes allowance and liuing: by prouiding and maintaining notable well learned readers. That for bringing learning forward in her right and best course, there would be seuen ordinarie ascending colledges for tounges, for mathematikes, for philosophie, for teachers, for physicians, for lawyers, for diuines. And that the generall studie of law, would be but one studie. Euery of these pointes with his particular proufes sufficient for a position. Of the admission of teachers. (P. 232.)

Cap. 42.

How long the childe is to continew in the elementarie, eare he passe to the toungues and grammer. The incurable infirmities which posting haste maketh in the whole course of studie. How necessarie a thing sufficient time is for a scholer. (P. 256.)

Cap. 43.

How to cut of most inconueniences wherewith schooles and scholers, masters and parentes be in our schooling now most troubled: whereof there be too meanes, vniformitie in teaching and publishing of schoole orders. That vniformitie in teaching hath for companions dispatch in learning and sparing of expenses. Of the abbridging of the number of bookes. Of curtesie and correction. Of schoole faultes. Of friendlines betwene parentes and maisters. (P. 262.)

Cap. 44.

That conference betwene those which haue interest in children: Certaintie of direction in places where children vse most: and Constancie in well keeping that, which is certainely appointed, be the most profitable circunstances both for vertuous mannering and cunning schooling. (P. 281.)

Cap. 45.

The peroration, wherein the summe of the whole booke is recapitulated and proofes vsed, that this enterprise was first to be begon by Positions, and that these be the most proper to this purpose. A request concerning the well taking of that which is so well meant. (P. 292.)


Chapter 1—— PAGE
Author aims at improving Schools 2
Why he writes in English 3
Chapter 2——
Settling first Principles 4
The three Stages of Learning 5
The first Stage chosen 6
Matters to be discussed 7
Chapter 3——
Mistake of neglecting Circumstance 8
Consideration of Circumstance 9
The Realm of Circumstance 10
Authority affected by Circumstance 11
Use of previous writers 12
Right Reason the best Authority 13
Truth no Respecter of Persons 14
Chapter 4——
The Ideal and the Possible 15
What Parents want 16
At what age should schooling begin? 17
Circumstances limit choice 18
Against forcing young wits 19
Powers of mind and body 20
Father must decide Care of the body 21
Parents’ duty in training the body 22
Meet schoolroom stillness by regulated exercise 23
Parents must consult with Schoolmaster 24
Chapter 5——
Discerning of ingenerate abilities 25
Measure of ripeness in soul or body 26
Three Powers: Perception, Memory, Judgment 27
Morals the care of Parents and Teachers 28
Instruction before Grammar Age. Reading 29
Reading English before Latin 30
Rote for Youth: Reason for Years. English 31
Writing invented before Reading 32
Skill in Writing: its value for the child 33
Write English hand first. Drawing 34
Value of Drawing. Painting? 35
Music 36
Music good for mind and body 37
Objections to Music answered 38
For child reading, writing, drawing, music 39
Chapter 6——
Training needed for both body and mind 40
Bodily exercise needed by student 41
Exercise and health 42
What is health and sickness? 43
Dangers to health of the body 44
Use of exercise The Student 45
Parents’ and Masters’ parts 46
Parts of the body and their train 47
Heart, liver, brain, &c. 48
Exercises for the various parts 49
Chapter 7——
Four Points to be treated of 50
Chapter 8——
Exercise athletical 51
Exercise martial 52
Exercise for health 53
Chapter 9——
The particular exercises chosen 54
Defence of the choice 55
Chapter 10——
Loud speaking 55
Good effects of loud speaking 56
Cautions in loud speaking 57
Recitations 58
Chapter 11——
Music and health 59
Music and health 60
Chapter 12——
Reading aloud 60
Reading aloud approved by Ancients 61
Soft Reading 62
Chapter 13——
Talking 62
Chapter 14——
Laughing. Weeping 63
Laughing and weeping as exercises 64
Weeping no Exercise 66
Keep the Young in awe 67
Chapter 15——
Soundness of Wind 68
Use of holding the Breath 69
Effects of holding the Breath 70
Cautions 71
Chapter 16——
Defence of Dancing 72
Dancing: its use and misuse 73
Kinds and causes of Dancing 74
Ancient and modern Dancing 75
Chapter 17——
Kinds of Wrestling 76
Cautions to Wrestlers 77
Chapter 18——
Kinds of Fencing. The Ancients 78
Counsels for Fencing 79
Chapter 19——
Tops ancient and modern 80
Use both Hands alike. Plato quoted 81
Chapter 20——
Walking commonest and best for health 82
Kinds of Walking 83
Kinds of Walking and their effects 84
Walking up and down hill, &c. 86
Choice of place: by the sea, &c. 87
Times of Walking 88
Chapter 21——
Running, its importance 89
Vehement Running unhealthy 90
Moderate Running. Running backwards, &c. 91
Chapter 22——
Of Leaping 92
Kinds of Leaping. Spartan women 93
Leaping. Skipping 94
Chapter 23——
Of Swimming 94
Swimming: where best 95
Swimming in salt water 96
Chapter 24——
Riding, ancient and modern 97
Trotting: Ambling: Posting 98
Chapter 25——
Hunting combines all exercises 99
Hunting on horseback and on foot 100
Chapter 26——
Shooting practised in Islands 101
Archery v. Hunting. Ascham 102
Prince Arthur’s Knights 103
Chapter 27——
Ball games ancient and modern. Handball 104
Handball and Football 105
Football and Armball 106
Why some classic games are left out 107
Chapter 28——
Rules must vary in practice 108
Chapter 29——
Galen’s triple division 109
Chapter 30——
Diseases are of three kinds 110
When exercise helps in disease 111
Exercises for the weak and old 112
Exercise according to state of the body 113
Chapter 31——
Place for exercise 114
Pure air 115
Chapter 32——
Time of exercise 115
Times according to Hippocrates, &c. 116
Time for exercise and meals 117
Morning best 118
Chapter 33——
Limits in exercise 118
Limits. Strong and weak. Old and young 119
Time of year. Condition of the body 120
Kind of life 121
Chapter 34——
Rubbing the body 122
Practice of the Ancients 123
Chapter 35——
Same trainer for body and mind 124
The Divine and the Physician 125
Against specialising 126
Trainer to magnify his office 127
Praise of health. Trainer’s knowledge 128
Physician the Trainer’s Friend 129
Importance of Groundwork 130
Discretion in applying Knowledge 131
Art general; Discretion particular 132
Chapter 36——
Boys and girls. Boys first 133
Train tests wit. Is school for all? 134
Danger from too many learned 135
This danger universally admitted 136
Evils from too few learned. Choice 137
Sorting of wits. Dangers from misplacement 138
Reading and writing for all. Rich and poor scholars 139
Middle sort best for learning 140
School not for all. Choosing 141
Chapter 37——
All parents would have children learned 142
The Country must decide 143
Necessity a good restraint 144
Number of scholars kept down by law 145
Private opinion must yield to public 146
The poor and the rich 147
Fewer bookmen needed since Reformation 148
A learned paucity. Choice 149
Right choice in a monarchy 150
Ideal monarchy scholar 151
His patience with masters and comrades 152
Less clear cases. Master first chooser 153
Against early choice. Some dullards kept 154
Schoolmaster and parent 155
The same. Colleges not almshouses 156
Evils from bad elections 157
Catchers in Colleges 158
College factions warned 159
Influence of the great misused by the little 269
The same. No poetic fury 270
Profit from uniformity 271
Mulcaster will write himself 272
Printed rules of hours, punishments, &c. 273
Parents and punishments 274
Monitors. The rod needed 275
The rod 276
Socrates. Plato. Xenophon 277
Coat story in CyropÆdeia 278
Tarif of stripes 279
Great offences. Master’s age 280
Master’s calling 281
Chapter 44——
Confer with parents 281
Conference with neighbours 282
Teachers and neighbours 283
Teachers and parents. Xenophon 284
Conference of teachers 285
The same. Certainty in direction 286
Certainty at school and at home 287
Certainty at home and at Church 288
Advantage from certainty. Constancy 289
Discretion in change 290
Summing up 291
Chapter 45——
Plan of this book 292
Author’s intention 293
Reason of his prolixity 294
His choice of subject 295
Advantage of ideal 296
Why girls’ training is treated of 297
Wishes 298

Decoration

POSITIONS CONCERNING

THE

TRAINING VP OF CHILDREN.


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

Clyx.com


Top of Page
Top of Page