Adenostema fasciculatum, heathlike shrub, its influence on the physiognomy of Sierra landscapes, 142.

Age of trees, pine, 69, 104, 107, 108, 114, 275; libocedrus, 118; juniper, 124; fir, 275, 276; sequoia, 260, 275-280, 297, 299.

Alaska, plants and animals of, 7-11.

Alpenglow, 74.

Apple, wild, 22, 23.

Aspen, 131

Aster, 164

Avalanches, snow, 27, 251-255; rock, 140, 259.

Azalea, 146, 181, 303.

Axe clearings, 101.

Bear-hunters, 353; Duncan, 179; David Brown and his dog Sandy, 181.

Bears, 28, 52, 57, 144, 314; food of Sierra, 172; interviews with 174, 177; tracks, 178; and sheep, 185.

Beaver, 16, 25, 53.

Beaver, mountain, 201.

Beaver meadows, 23, 37.

Birds, of the Yosemite Park, 213.

Blackberries, 24.

Bogs, 139, 166.

BrodiÆa, 23, 155.

Bryanthus, 148.

California, floweriness of, 137.

Calochortus, 23, 145.

Calypso borealis, 7, 23.

Camassia, 156.

Campanula, 282.

Camping, 56, 133, 161, 163.

CaÑon, the Grand, of the Colorado, 35; Yellowstone, 49; Merced, 259; Tuolumne, 259.

CaÑons of the Sierra, 83.

Cassiope, 147.

Cathedral Peak, 90.

Ceanothus, 145.

Cedar, incense, 116; red, 123, 273.

ChamÆbatia foliolosa, a forest carpet, 143.

Chaparral, 142, 144, 146.

Cherry, 23, 146.

Chestnut, 22.

Chinquapin, 146.

Chipmunk, 196.

Climates of the Sierra, 138, 160, 161, 164.

Clintonia, 18, 23.

Clouds, 77, 164, 276, 281.

Colds, 133.

Coyote, 194.

Crow, Clarke, 228.

Crystals, 161.

Currants, 24.

Cypripedium, 156.

Daisy, 94, 149.

Danger, 28, 57, 133, 184, 208.

Deer, 189, 315.

Deserts, 6.

De Soto, 71.

Diver, great northern, 227.

Dog, Carlo, 175; Sandy, 181.

Dogwood, flowering, 22, 130.

Douglas, David, in forests of Oregon, 110.

Duck-hunters, 353.

Ducks, 226.

Dwarf willow, 94.

Eagle, 228.

Earthquake, 261; ancient, 265; taluses, formation of, 260; influence on caÑon scenery, 265.

Emerson, his visit to Yosemite and the Mariposa Grove of Big Trees, 131, 235.

Eriogonum, 149, 166.

Erythronium, 23, 31.

Farm lands of Washington and Oregon, 24, 25.

Ferns, 149, 160; Woodwardia, 149; Pteris, 150; PellÆa, five species of, 151; Cryptogramme, 151; Phegopteris, 151; Cheilanthes, three species of, 152;

Adiantum, two species, 152.

Fir. See Silver fir.

Floods, 256.

Floral cascades, 159.

Flower beds of the Sierra, 142.

Flowers, of pine, spruce, fir, and hemlock, 168, 169; sequoia, 284.

Forest fires, 297, 307, 335, 352, 356-359.

Forest picture, 302.

Forest Reservations, Rocky Mountain, 15; Pacific Coast, 19, 31, 34; opposition to, 24, 360; wildness of, 24.

Forest Reserve, Black Hills, 13; Bitter Root, 16; Flathead, 17; Sierra, 31; Grand CaÑon, 34.

Forest sepulchres, 64.

Forests, growing interest in, 2, 5, 33; of the Cascade Mountains, 22; fossil, 60; of the Yellowstone Park, 67; Sierra, 80, 98-136; Giant, of the Kaweah, 300; of the Tule River, 318; American, 331; destruction of, 336, 344; influence on streams, 337, 346, 359; management of, 337-365; redwood (Sequoia semper-virens), 347-352.

Fountains of the Sierra, 241, 245.

Fritillaria, 23, 156.

Frogs, 211.

Frost crystals, 165.

Gardens, wild, of California, 5; the East, 6; Alaska, 7; Black Hills, 14; Rocky Mountains, 18, 19; Cascade Mountains, 23, 30; Sierra, 137-142; forest 155; cliff, 157; wall, 159; pot-hole, shadow, alpine, 160; winter, 161; meadow, 163; sky, Mono, and tree, 167.

Gaultheria, 23, 350.

Geese, 225.

General Grant National Park and tree, 298.

Gentians, 94, 142, 164.

Geyser basins, 43, 44.

Geyser craters, 46.

Geysers, 38, 41, 43, 53; distribution of, 55.

Giants of Sierra forests, 108; Western, 116.

Glacial action, 84, 92, 96, 138.

Glacial and post-glacial denudation, 84, 89.

Glacial period, 64, 65, 78, 96, 242.

Glacier lakes, 78, 95.

Glacier landscapes, 65, 91.

Glacier meadows, 37, 163.

Glacier monuments, 84.

Glacier pavements, 83, 84-86.

Glacier sparrow, 231.

Glaciers, 19, 30, 64, 78; of the Sierra, 95; ancient Tuolumne, 88, 90.

Goat, wild, 24, 29.

Gold, influence of, 11, 361.

Goldenrods, 17, 142, 164.

Gray, Asa, 33.

Great Basin, the, 94.

Grouse, 215.

Hackmatack, 18.

Hawks, 228.

Hayden, F. V., his work exploring the Yellowstone region, and getting it set apart as a national park, 39.

Hazel, 23, 146.

Hazel Green, 81.

Heathworts, 23, 147.

Hemlock, mountain, 125, 170.

Home-going, 98.

Honeysuckle, 142, 147.

Hooker, Sir Joseph, 33.

Hothouses, natural, 161.

Hot springs, 38, 41, 43, 54.

Huckleberries, 24.

Hulsea, 167.

Hunters and trappers, 51, 58.

Indian summer, 165, 283, 316.

Indians, 24, 51, 263; their orchards, 105; hunting grounds, 14, 122, 193; tame, 317.

Johnson, Dr., on the trees of Scotland, 108.

Joliet and Father Marquette on the upper Mississippi, 71.

Juniper, western, 123, 273.

Lakes, McDonald, 18; Avalanche, 19; Yellowstone, 47, 70; Mono, 94, Tahoe, 48; Tenaya, 86.

Landscapes, new, 8; changes in, 4; of the Sierra, 87.

Landslip, 287.

Larch, western, 18; Lyall, 18.

Lark, meadow, 238.

La Salle, 71.

Lewis and Clark, 28.

Library, geological, 59.

Light, 82, 165.

Lightning, 276.

Lilies, 23, 153, 155, 350.

LinnÆa borealis and companions, 18, 50.

Lizards, 204.

Log houses, 288, 305, 320.

Loggers, 29.

Lumbering in the Sierra, 100.

Man influence on landscapes, 4.

Manzanita, 143.

Maple, 22, 130.

Mariposa tulip, 155.

Marmot, 17, 199.

Meadows, glacier, 37, 163; in sequoia woods, 296, 302.

Monardella, 282.

Moneses, 18.

Monument, the Glacier, 87.

Mosses, 22.

Mt. Rainier, 30; Amethyst, 60, 73; Washburn, 66; Dana, 90, 93; Lyell, McClure, Gibbs, 90; Hoffman, 161.

Mountaineering, 285, 306.

Mountains, the Western, 2; new, 4; Cascade, 19; Olympic, 19; Rocky, 12-18, 37, 38; Sierra, 76.

Mud, 44.

Mule, Brownie, 285, 295, 301; his prayer, 318.

Names, 58.

Nature, 56, 73, 97, 332; laboratories of, 44.

Night air, 133.

Nights, 165

Nuts, pine, 103.

Oaks, California black, 128; gold-cup live-oak, 128.

Orchids, 23, 156.

Ousel, water, 29, 52, 238.

Owens River water, 246.

Parks, national, of the West, 12; Mt. Rainier, 30; Yellowstone, 37; Yomesite, 76; animals of, 172, 201; birds, 213; General Grant and Sequoia, 298, 328, 329; management of, 40, 351.

Petrified forests, 38, 60.

Phlox, 94.

Pika, 162, 201.

Pine, yellow, 13, 112, 115; contorted, lodge-pole, Murray, two leaved, tamarack, 15, 18, 67, 68, 83, 121, 122; mountain, 18, 108; Sabine, 102; hard cone (attenuata), 103; dwarf, 106; sugar, 100, 109; nut, 105; white, 68, 105.

Plover, 227.

Plum, 23.

Polemonium, alpine, 167.

Poplar, 130.

Primrose, shrubby, 147.

Prospectors, 289, 352.

Pyrola, 18.

Quail, mountain, 219; valley, 222.

Railroads in western forests, 357.

Rain, 26.

Raspberries, 24.

Rat, wood, 201.

Rattlesnakes, 28, 57, 206.

Redwood, 100, 268.

Reservations, See Forest Reservations.

Rhododendron, 23, 146, 350.

Ribes, 282.

River, the Yellowstone, 48; Mississippi, 71; Columbia, 73; Missouri, 73; Colorado, 73; Tuolumne, 95, 258; Merced, 95, 258; San Joaquin, 95.

Rivers, 37; Sierra, 242.

Riverside trees, 130.

Robin, 236.

Rock ferns, 149.

Rose, 23, 147, 282.

Rubus, 147.

Sage-cock, 214.

Salmon berries, 24.

Sandhill crane, 227.

Sanger Lumber Co., 298.

Sarcodes, 281.

Sawmills, in sequoia woods, 292, 298, 299, 319, 351.

Scenery, habit, 2, 3; best, care-killing, 17; caÑon, 259, 266.

Seed collectors, 101.

Seeds of conifers, 120.

Sequoia ditches, 291.

Sequoia gigantea, 268; cones, 274; age, 275; death, 276; groves in spring, 281; summer, 282; autumn, 283; winter, 283; studies, 285; seedlings, 297; young trees, 288, 296; oldest, 297; size of, 294, 322; durability of wood, 291; gum, 292; groves of Yosemite Park, 109; Mariposa Grove, 286, 328; Fresno Grove, 287-292; Dinky Grove, 293; forests of Kings River, 295; Kaweah and Tule river basins, 300, 314, 316; distribution of, 322, 325; permanence of the species, 323; influence on streams, 324, 329.

Shake-makers, 298, 353.

Sheep, wild, 194; hoofed locusts, 317, 318, 352.

Shepherds, 33, 185, 293, 317.

Sierra climate, change of, 324.

Silex pavements, 46.

Silver fir, alpine, 31, 68, 170; magnificent, 83, 118, 170; white, noble, grand, and lovely, 119, 170.

Snow, 26, 247.

Snow avalanches, 251.

Snow plant (Sarcodes), 156, 281.

Snowstorms, 249, 283.

Soil, 65, 67; moraine, 100, 138; crystal, 140, 161; earthquake boulder, 140, 259.

Sparrow, the glacier, 231.

SpirÆa, 142.

Spiritual world, the, 74.

Springs, 244, 245; soda, 247.

Spruce, Engelmann, 14, 68; Douglas, 19, 22, 68, 100, 116; Sitka, 170.

Squirrels, 19, 52, 192, 194, 274, 284.

Storms, 267.

Streams of the Sierra, 241, 246, 248; in spring, 256; in summer and autumn, 257.

Sunflowers, crystal, 162.

Swamps, 7.

Talus, earthquake, 140, 259.

Tamarack, 18.

Thoreau, his description of the pistillate flowers of the white pine, 169; on the destruction of trees and shrubs, 356.

Torreys, 131.

Tourists, 21, 27, 53.

Trapper, 57.

Travel, modern, 1, 50, 56.

Tree flowers, 168; how best to see them, 165.

Tree gardens, 167.

Trout, 18, 48, 67, 211.

Tumion, 131.

Tundra, Alaska, 7.

Vaccinium, 18, 94, 148.

Valley, Central, of California, 5, 137.

Violets, 142, 281.

Volcanic cones, 30, 94.

Volcanic rocks, 60.

Volcanic storms, 61.

Volcanoes, 30; mud, 51.

Water, action of, on soilbeds, 138.

Water, Owens River, 246.

Waterfalls, Yellowstone, 49; Kaweah, 300.

Wildness, 2; unchangeable, 4.

Willow, dwarf, 94.

Wind, action of, on soilbeds, 139.

Woodchuck, 199.

Woodpeckers, 233, 282.

Wood-rat, 201.