  PAGE Introductory 1 CHAPTER I.ALCHEMY: AND THE DAWN OF CHEMISTRY. Beginnings of natural knowledge—Chemistry in the Middle Ages—Alchemy—The phlogistic theory 5 CHAPTER II.ESTABLISHMENT OF CHEMISTRY AS A SCIENCE—PERIOD OF BLACK, PRIESTLEY AND LAVOISIER. Introduction of accurate measurements into chemistry—Black's researches on alkalis and on fixed air—His conception of heat—Priestley's experiments on airs—His discovery of oxygen—Lavoisier, the founder of the science of chemistry—He clearly establishes a connection between composition and properties of bodies 30 CHAPTER III.ESTABLISHMENT OF GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF CHEMICAL SCIENCE—PERIOD OF DALTON. Dalton's training in physical science—He revives and renders quantitative the atomic theory—The term "atom" is applied by him to elements and compounds alike—His rules for chemical synthesis 106 CHAPTER IV.ESTABLISHMENT OF GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF CHEMICAL SCIENCE (continued)—PERIOD OF DAVY AND BERZELIUS. Electro-chemistry—The dualistic theory developed by Berzelius—Davy's work on acids, alkalis, and salts—He proves chlorine to be an element—His discovery of the safety-lamp 155 CHAPTER V.THE WORK OF GRAHAM. Graham traces the movements of molecules—He distinguishes between colloids and cystalloids—Dialysis 232 CHAPTER VI.RISE AND PROGRESS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY—PERIOD OF LIEBIG AND DUMAS. The barrier between inorganic and organic chemistry begins to be broken down—WÖhler prepares urea—Dumas opposes the dualistic system of Berzelius—Liebig's conception of compound radicles—His work in animal and agricultural chemistry 252 CHAPTER VII.MODERN CHEMISTRY. The relations between composition and properties of bodies are developed and rendered more definite—Physical methods are more largely made use of in chemistry—Spectroscopic analysis 294 CHAPTER VIII.SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 316 |
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