  CHAPTER I | PAGE | | The Problem of Adaptation | 1 | | – Structural Adaptations | 1 | | – Adaptations for the Good of the Species | 19 | | – Organs of Little Use to the Individual | 22 | | – Changes in the Organism that are of No Use to the Individual or to the Race | 25 | | – Comparison with Inorganic Phenomena | 26 | CHAPTER II | The Theory of Evolution | 30 | | – Evidence in Favor of the Transmutation Theory | 32 | | – – Evidence from Classification and from Comparative Anatomy | 32 | | – – The Geological Evidence | 39 | | – – Evidence from Direct Observation and Experiment | 43 | | – – Modern Criticism of the Theory of Evolution | 44 | CHAPTER III | The Theory of Evolution (continued) | 58 | | – The Evidence from Embryology | 58 | | – – The Recapitulation Theory | 58 | | – Conclusions | 84 | CHAPTER IV | Darwin’s Theories of Artificial and of Natural Selection | 91 | | – The Principle of Selection | 91 | | – Variation and Competition in Nature | 104 | | – The Theory of Natural Selection | 116 | CHAPTER V | The Theory of Natural Selection (continued) | 129 | | – Objections to the Theory of Natural Selection | 129 | | – Sterility between Species | 147 | | – Weismann’s Germinal Selection | 154 | CHAPTER VI | Darwin’s Theory of Sexual Selection | 167 | | – Sexual Selection | 167 | | – General Criticism of the Theory of Sexual Selection | 213 | CHAPTER VII | The Inheritance of Acquired Characters | 222 | | – Lamarck’s Theory | 222 | | – Darwin’s Hypothesis of Pangenesis | 233 | | – The Neo-Lamarckian School | 240 | CHAPTER VIII | Continuous and Discontinuous Variation and Heredity | 261 | | – Continuous Variation | 261 | | – Heredity and Continuous Variation | | |
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