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Carp at Potsdam, 265

Carter257

Domestication, variations effected by, 171, 215;

• crossing and reversion, 230

Doris tuberculata, 84

Dreaming, 341;

• and the animistic hypothesis, 495

Dromia vulgaris, 457

Drones developed from unfertilized ova, 45;

• second polar cell extruded, 153

Dubois, M., on Proteus, 294

Ducks, Sir J. Crichton Browne on, 171;

• Dr. Rae on instinctive wildness of, 435

Duration of life, 186

E

• Eagle, sclerotic plates of, 437
• Ear, 263
• Earthworm, respiration in, 4, 24;
  • regeneration of lost parts, 41;
  • sensitive to light, 293;
  • outward projection in, 359
• Eaton, Rev. A. E., on insects of Kerguelen Island, 81
• Ecitons, 427
• Economy, principle of, 194
• Education of ants, 428;
  • of young animals, 455
• Egg and hen, problem of, 130
• Egg-cell and sperm-cell, diagram of, 13;
  • conditions which determine production of, 60
• Eggs, influence of food-yolk on mode of development of, 56;
  • destruction of birds, 189
• Ego, or self, 475
• Eimer, Prof., on inhabitants of Nile valley, 165;
  • on Helix hortensis, 226;
  • on instinct, 436;
  • on differential dread in birds, 444
• Eject, meaning of, 476
• Elaboration, 183
• Elephant, rate of increase of, 57;
  • intelligence of, 363, 369;
  • use of tools by, 370;
  • vindictiveness in, 401
• Elimination, as opposed to selection, 79;
  • its three modes, 80;
  • as a factor in the origin of instinct, 447;
  • of ideas through incongruity, 486;
  • as applied to the intellectual faculties, 497
• Embryology negatives preformation, 50
• Emotions exemplified, 382;
  • the expression of, 385;
  • three orders of, 391;
  • in vertebrata, 395
• Encystment, 38, 49
• Ends and means, 371
• Energy, relations of animals and plants to, 16
• Ennomos tiliaria, caterpillar, protective resemblance of, 85
• Environment, direct effects of on the organism, 434
• Individuality, a tendency to differentiation, 183
• Inference, conscious and unconscious, 328;
  • in animals, 361
• Infertility of isolated forms, 108
• Infusoria, reproduction in, 39
• Inheritance, exclusive, a means of isolation, 104;
  • of variations, 223;
  • of acquired habits, 435;
  • of acquired increments of intellectual faculty, 497
• Inhibition, 385;
  • as a condition of volition, 459
• Innate capacity, 422;
  • its importance, 429
• Insects, tracheal respiration of, 3, 24;
  • wingless, of Madeira, 81;
  • of Kerguelen Island, 81;
  • mimicry and protective resemblance in, 85, 88;
  • segregation by colour, 101;
  • antennÆ of, 178;
  • mouth-organs of, 179;
  • and the evolution of flowers, 206;
  • sense of touch in, 248;
  • taste in, 253;
  • smell in, 257;
  • hearing in, 266;
  • sight in, 288;
  • perceptual powers of, 357;
  • neuter, 440
• Instinct and available advantage, 211;
  • consideration of, 415;
  • perfect, imperfect, and incomplete, 422;
  • deferred, 423;
  • blind prevision in, 429;
  • gratification in performance of, 430;
  • consciousness and, 432;
  • primary and secondary, 434;
  • three factors in the origin of, 447;
  • as influenced by intelligence, 452;
  • by imitation, 453;
  • by education, 455;
  • as distinguished from intelligence, 457
• Instinctive emotion, 390, 395
• Integration and differentiation, 183
• Intellectual development, 486
• Intelligence involved in selection, 95;
  • distinguished from reason, 330, 365;
  • lapsed, 435
  • involved in instinct, 440;
  • as influencing instinct, 452;
  • criteria of, 456
• Interbreeding and intercrossing, 97
• Interneural evolution, 490
• Interpretations of nature, genera and species of, 492
• Isle of Man, tortoiseshell butterfly of, 81
• Isolates, 316;
• on ideas, etc., 320;
• on "practical intelligence," 362;
• on man and brute, 374;
• on consciousness and consentience, 461

Modifiability of individual organism, 163

Modifications of antennÆ and mouth-organs of insects, 178

Mole, eye of, 284

Mollusks, variety of, 178;

• sense of smell in, 260;
• hearing in, 265;
• sight in, 292

Monads, reproduction of, 38;

• temperature experiments with, 147

Mongrelization, 168

Monistic hypothesis, 465

Monkey, ateles and colobus digits of, 210;

• examining marsupial pouch, 340;
• attention in, 342;
• capuchin, intelligence of, 367

Monospora bicuspidata, 439

Moore, Mr. Thomas, on hybrids between Amherst and golden pheasants, 106

Mosaic vision, 291

Mouth-organs of insects, 179

Muciparous canals of fishes, 298

MÜller, Prof. Max, "Science of Thought," 325;

• on percepts, 375;
• on language and thought, 376;
• paraphrased, 467;
• on materialism, 471

Murex, 292

Mus rex and imperator, 100

Musical and artistic faculty, 484

Mussel, freshwater, gills of, 4;

• olfactory organ of, 260

Mutilation, law of growth after, 126;

• not the best kind of evidence of transmitted modifications, 162

N

• NÄgeli, 159
• Naish, Mr. John G., on the cockatoo, 354
• Natural selection, variation and, 61;
  • two modes, elimination and selection proper, 79;
  • and the effects of use and disuse, 174;
  • not to be used as a magic formula, 184;
  • and instinct, 445;
  • and human thought, 484
• Nerves, briefly described, 246;
  • afferent and efferent, 303
• Nestor notabilis, 446
• Nests of bower-bird and humming-bird, 408;
  • instinctive building of, 453
• Nettleship, Mr., on a lion, 400
• Neural processes, environment of, 491
• Neurosis and psychosis, 465
• Neuter insects, 440
• New Zealand sparrow, 445;
  • parrot, 178
  • Russell, Mr. W. J., on smell in the dog, 255

  S

  • Saitis pulex, 450
  • Salinity of water, effects of, on brine-shrimp, 164
  • Salmon, new variety of, in Tasmania, 99
  • Saturnia, modification of, by changed food, 163;
    • carpini (emperor moth), 258
  • Savages, fetishistic belief in, 494
  • Schaub, Mr., observations on a terrier, 405
  • Schmankewitsch on Artemia, 164
  • Sclater, Mr. W. L., on mimicry in an insect, 88
  • Sedgwick, Mr. Adam, on development of peripatus, 142
  • Seebohm, Mr. H., on birds' eggs, 410
  • Segregation, 99
  • Selection, as compared with elimination, 79;
    • illustrated, 92;
    • artificial, 172;
    • cessation of, 190;
    • reversal of, 193;
    • sexual, or preferential mating, 197, 452;
    • as a factor in the origin of instinct, 447;
    • as applied to the intellectual faculties, 498
  • Selenia, illunaria, and illustraria, 238
  • Self, the, or ego, 475
  • Self-consciousness, 460
  • Semicircular canals, 262, 269
  • Senility, introduction of, 184
  • Sensation defined, 305, 324
  • Sense-feelings of animals, 393
  • Senses of animals, 243;
    • organic and muscular, 244;
    • touch, 245;
    • temperature-sense, 249;
    • taste, 250;
    • smell, 253;
    • hearing, 261;
    • sight, 272;
    • contact and telÆsthetic, 249;
    • problematical, 297
  • Sensibility, 385;
    • variations of, 449
  • Sensitive, special use of the term, 9
  • Sensitiveness and sensibility, 385
  • Sentiments, 391;
    • in animals, 403
  • Sex-differentiation, 58
  • Sexual union of ovum and sperm a source of variations, 149;
    • characters, secondary, 197;
    • selection, 197
  • Shame in monkey, 402
  • Sheep, Youatt on, quoted, 455
  • Shells, land, of Sandwich Islands, 99
  • Shipp, Captain, experiment on an elephant, 401
  • Sight, sense of, 272
  • Sitaris, instinct of,

    T

    • Tameness, instinctive, 435
    • Tanner, Miss Agnes, on a thrush, 398
    • Tasmanian salmon, 99
    • Taste, standard of, 95, 205;
      • sense of, 250
    • Teeth of pike, 437
    • Temperature-sense, 249
    • Terror, 387
    • Thaumalia picta and amherstiÆ, 106
    • Thekla, instinct of, 430
    • "Things in themselves," or noumena, 470
    • Thomas, Mr. Oldfield, on rats of Solomon Islands, 100
    • Thomson, Mr. J. A., Prof. Patrick Geddes, and, on anabolism and katabolism, 44;
      • quoted, 50, 137, 237;
      • his "History and Theory of Heredity," 35
    • Thought, 482
    • Thrush, hearing in, 264;
      • sympathy in, 398
    • Thunberg on young hippopotamus, 423
    • Tissues of the body, 20
    • Tooke, Mr. Hammond, on egg-eating snake, 88
    • Tools, use of, by animals, 370
    • Touch, sense of, 245
    • Transformation and metamorphosis, 7
    • Transparency of some marine organisms, 83
    • Treat, Mrs., her experiments on caterpillars, 59
    • Tricks, 355
    • Trionyx, 181
    • Trochus, 292
    • Tuco-tuco, 194
    • Turner, Sir Wm., on New Guinea natives, 169
    • Turkey, instinctive emotion in the, 395
    • Twins, Mr. Galton's investigations on, 169
    • Tylor, Alfred, on coloration in animals and plants, 201

    U

    • Udders, enlarged, of cows, 215
    • Ultra-violet rays, 296
    • Unicellular organism. See Protozoa
    • Unity of organism, 161, 234
    • Use and disuse, 146, 209
    • Utility of specific characters, 110

    V

    • Vanessa urticÆ, 165
    • Varanus benegalensis, 288
    • Variation, correlated, 59;
      • and natural selection, 61;
      • tabulated by A. R. Wallace, 63;
      • in wing-bones of bats, 63;
      • advantageous, neutral, and disadvantageous, 95;
      • in climatal and geographical conditions, 112;
      • secular, in climate and life area, 113;
      • effect of good times and hard times on, 114;
      • heredity and the origin of, 122;
      • a source of, in use and disuse, 146;
      • sexual union, a mode of origin of, 149;
      • in definite directions, 151;
      • produced by extrusion of second polar cell, 153;
      • protozoan origin of, 156;
      • due to the action of environment, 163;
      • to the effects of use and disuse, 168;
      • to domestication, 171;
      • in male stag-beetles, 180;
      • in mating preferences, 205;
      • co-ordinated in Irish "elk" and giraffe, 212;
      • nature of, 216;
      • in amount of developmental capital, 221;
      • inheritance of, 223;
      • origin of, 231;
      • limitations of, 232;
      • fortuitous, in bat's wing, 235;
      • definite direction of, 238;
      • in limits of colour-vision, 281;
      • in habits and instincts, 445, 456;
      • in mental evolution, 496
    • Vertebrata, diagrammatic account of development of, 51
    • Verworn, Dr., on protozoa, 440
    • Vespertilio mystacinus, 70
    • Vesperugo leisleri, 65
    • Vesperugo noctula, 67
    • Vesperugo pipistrellus, 69
    • Vigour and vitality, application of, in male, 237;
      • in female, 238
    • Vindictiveness, 401
    • Vision, 272; mosaic, 291
    • Volition, 459
    • Volucella bombylans, 90
    • Voluntary and involuntary activities, 416
    • Vorticella, 38

    W

    • Waelchli, Dr., on colour-globules in birds, 284
    • Wallace, Mr. A. R., tabulations of variations, 63;
      • on tortoiseshell butterfly of Isle of Man, 81;
      • on protective colours in fishes, 83;
      • on divergence among birds, 97;
      • on recognition-marks, 102;
      • on papilionidÆ of Celebes, 165;
      • on the dull colours of hen birds, 199;
      • on origin of secondary sexual characters, 200;
      • and A. Tylor on physiological guidance, 201;
      • on preferential mating, 203;
      • on reversion in grouse, 229;
      • on migration in birds, 428;
      • on nest-building in birds, 453;
      • on the song of birds, 455;
      • on materialism, 464;
      • on mathematical and artistic faculties, 484, 497
    • Walker, R., on reversion in bull, 229
    • Ward, Mr. J. Clifton, on dog, 345
    • Warning-coloration, 82;
      • involves perception, 351
    • Warren, Mr. Robert Hall, a dog anecdote, 344
    • Wasp, use of antennÆ, 291
    • Waste and repair essential life-processes, 8
    • Water, changes of salinity in, 164
    • Water-ousel, 446
    • Waterton, Charles, 256
    • Watson, "Reasoning Power of Animals," 369
    • Webb, Dr., his operation on an elephant, 369
    • Weber, on musical discrimination, 309;
      • on muscular sensation in eye, 310
    • Weir, Mr. Jenner, on nest-building in birds, 453
    • Weismann, Dr., on continuity of germ-plasm, 138;
      • on distinctness of germ-plasm from body-plasm, 140;
      • on meaning of second polar cell, 153;
      • on protozoan origin of variations 156;
      • on the introduction of senility and death, 184;
      • on the distinction of birds' eggs, 189;
      • on the effects of panmixia, 190;
      • on acceleration, 222;
      • his views applied to instinct, 438;
      • the intellectual faculties, 497
    • Westlake, Miss Mabel, on the parrot, 353
    • Whiskered bat, 70
    • White, in arctic forms, 165;
      • Mr. Poulton on production of, 202;
      • in grouse, instance of reversion, 229
    • Wildness of birds, instinctive, 435
    • Will, F., on taste in bees, 253
    • Wilson, Sir Charles W., on wounded camels, 392
    • Wilson, Edward, measurements of bats, 63
    • Wing-bones of bats, measurement of, in illustration of variation, 63
    • Words, "understanding" of, by animals, 347
    • Wrasse, keenness of vision of, 287