  2. We are Americans by adoption. The real American race is the Indian. 3. Excepting the Navaho. 4. Includes 23,381 freedmen and 2,582 intermarried whites. 5. Commissioner Sells gives in his 1912 report only the value of the stock owned, whereas in 1904 and 1898 the number is given. 6. Cato Sells—An Appreciation. Pamphlet; Philadelphia, 1914. 7. Sells’ Report, 1913. 8. Three Years Among the Comanches; Albany, 1859. 9. Hearings before a subcommittee of the Committee on Expenditures in the Interior Department, House of Representatives. House Resolutions, 103, March 6, 1912. 10. Name omitted. 11. Hearings before the Committee on Expenditures in the Interior Department of the House of Representatives, H. R., 103, pp. 244–261. 12. Name omitted. 13. According to Miss Densmore’s spelling: “Odjibwe”; “Maingans”; “Meja-kigi-jig”. I have spelled the names as pronounced. 14. Letter of Dec. 2nd, 1914. Federal Building, Minneapolis. 15. Letter of Aug. 29th, 1914. 16. Written in 1890, at Pine Ridge 17. This Chapter was written at Pine Ridge, December, 1890. 18. My Friend the Indian, pages, 219–222. 19. One had served time in the penitentiary. 20. Report Commissioner Indian Affairs, 1913. 21. Indians of the Territory legislating wisely. Report Board Indian Commissioners to President Grant, 1871. 22. Report of Indian Commissioners, 1872. Indians progressive and raising large crops. 23. Capt. G. W. Grayson, official interpreter to the Creek Nation—lived with these Indians sixty years—confirms statement of former well-being and progress. 24. I have extra copies of Burke’s speech, and shall be glad to mail copies to those who desire them. 25. See Reports Commissioner Wright and Superintendent Kelsey as to value of oil properties—1909–1914. 26. Names omitted. 27. Handbook of American Indians, page 358. 28. Garrick Mallery, in the Fourth Report of the Bureau of Ethnology, in an illustrated article entitled “Pictographs of the North-American Indians,” includes the Dakota winter-counts of Lone Dog, an aged Indian of the Yanktonai tribe of Dakotas, which covers the winters from 1800–’01 to 1876–’77. 29. From the Minnesota Historical Collections, page 434, volume 9, we learn than on Sunday, August 17, 1862, a small party of Sioux, belonging to Little Crow’s band, while out ostensibly hunting and fishing at Acton, Meeker county, Minnesota, obtained from a white man some spirituous liquor, became intoxicated, and murdered a white man and part of his family, and this act precipitated the Sioux war. Little Crow said that since blood had been spilled the war would have to go on, and he summoned warriors from Montana and what is now North and South Dakota. The war began August 18 and lasted about twelve days. The number of white people killed was about 500. The whole or a large part of some fifteen or twenty counties was fearfully desolated, and for a time almost entirely depopulated. In one of the engagements between the Indians and a company of regular troops, twenty-three soldiers were killed and about sixty wounded, and also ninety-two horses were killed. Chief Big Eagle makes a statement of the causes which led up to the trouble. The Whites were constantly urging the Indians to live like the white man. Some were willing, but others were not and could not—the Indians were annoyed, and wanted to do as they pleased. “Then,” he says, “some of the white men abused the Indian women in a certain way and disgraced them, and surely there was no excuse for that.” 30. Our Wild Indians, pp. 83, 84, by Col. H. I. Dodge. 31. Mrs. Jackson’s “Century of Dishonor,” page 183. 32. Commissioner of Indian Affairs, Report 1890, page 49; 1891, pages 125, 410. 33. Handbook, Vol. II. p. 583. 34. Consult Writings of Doctor Eastman, Doctor Joseph K. Dixon, Major James McLaughlin, Mrs. George A. Custer, Colonel Richard I. Dodge, etc. 35. A My Friend The Indian, p. 65. 36. That his heart was “good.” He was a firm believer in signs. 37. The power of the man is here exhibited. 38. Senate Report, No. 283, 48th Congress, 1st Session, pp. 79, 80, 82. 39. The Indian and his Problem, page 126. 40. Leupp, page 137. 41. The Vanishing Race, page 93. 42. Vol. I. pages 63–66. 43. Geronimo, the story of his life, Recorded by S. W. Barrett. New York, 1906. 44. 1834, according to Mooney, in Handbook of American Indians, page 491. 45. Century of Dishonor, page 325. 46. Geronimo, the Story of his life, Recorded by S. M. Barrett, New York, 1906, page 138. 47. “A Little History of the Navahos.” Oscar H. Lipps, page 49. 48. “The Navaho Indians. A Statement of Facts.” Rev. Anselm Weber, O. F. M., page 5. 49. Note—A very interesting book, “Life Among the Pai-utes,” was written by Sarah Winnemucca in the early ’80’s. This presents an account of the Nez Perce, Bannock and other wars from the Indian point of view. 50. Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin 42, Washington, 1909. Pages 11–14. 51. My Friend the Indian, pages 80, 242, 245. 52. The Indian and His Problem, page 303. 55. U. S. National Museum Report, 1887, page 478. 57. Handbook of American Indians. Vol. I, page 169. 58. Handbook of American Indians, page 191, Vol I. 59. Eighteenth Annual Report of the Board of Indian Commissioners, 1886, page 46. 60. American Anthropology, page 599, volume VII. 61. Report of C. E. Kelsey, Special Agent, March 21, 1906. 62. The Federal census for 1850 showed a population of 92,597 Indians; State Census of 1852, 255,122 Indians, 31,266 being “domesticated.” 63. American Anthropologist, page 603, Vol. VII, No. 4. 64. Sec. 3662. 65. Sec. 3668. 66. Act of Feb. 28, 1887 (24 Statutes at Large, page 388). 67. In thirteen cases I found the land the Indians were occupying, that is, the more valuable little valleys, was outside of the reservation as laid out and in six of these cases the land occupied was not only unpatented and unprotected, but the land patented to the Indians was barren rocks, utterly worthless. In one case the reservation patented was six miles away from the land selected for the Indians in an entirely different township. In most cases the boundaries were not marked at all and the adjoining owners moved the lines over onto the Indians. 68. When Kelsey took charge he found on no reservation was there an adequate supply of water for irrigation and on most of them none at all. This in a country where irrigation is absolutely life. On no reservation was there any attempt made to protect the water supply, and land which controlled the water was carefully left out of the reservations in most cases. I think the surveyors must have done so knowingly. This meant fifteen or twenty years’ slow starvation for the Indians, and greatly increased difficulties later when we tried to correct things. I presume I have spent one-third of my time during the last ten years in fighting for things for the Southern California Indians, which ought to have been settled twenty years before. |
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