James Mooney

The Cherokee language has the continental vowel sounds a, e, i, and u, but lacks o, which is replaced by a deep Â. The obscure or short Û is frequently nasalized, but the nasal sound is seldom heard at the end of a word. The only labial is m, which occurs in probably not more than half a dozen words in the Upper and Middle dialects, and is entirely absent from the Lower dialect, in which w takes its place. The characteristic l of the Upper and Middle dialects becomes r in the Lower, but no dialect has both sounds. There is also an aspirated l; k and t have the ordinary sounds of these letters, but g and d are medials, approximating the sounds of k and t, respectively. A frequent double consonant is ts, commonly rendered ch by the old traders (see p. 188, “Dialects”).

a	as in far.
a	as in what, or obscure as in showman.
Â	as in law, all.
d	medial (semisonant), approximating t.
e	as in they.
e	as in net.
g	medial (semisonant), approximating k.
h	as in hat.
i	as in pique.
i	as in pick.
k	as in kick.
l	as in lull.
?l	surd l (sometimes written hl), nearly the Welsh ll.
m	as in man.
n	as in not.
r	takes place of l in Lower dialect.
s	as in sin.
t	as in top.
u	as in rule.
Û	as in cut.
ÛÑ	Û nasalized.
w	as in wit.
y	as in you.
?	a slight aspirate, sometimes indicating the omission of a vowel.

A number of English words, with cross references, have been introduced into the glossary, and these, together with corrupted Cherokee forms, are indicated by small capitals.

adÂ'lanÛÑ'sti—a staff or cane.

adan'ta—soul.

ada'wehi—a magician or supernatural being.

ada'wehi'yu—a very great magician; intensive form of ada'wehi.

Â'gana—groundhog.

Â'ganstÂ'ta—“Groundhog-sausage,” from Â'gana, groundhog, and tsistÂ'Û, “I am pounding it,” understood to refer to pounding meat, etc., in a mortar, after having first crisped it before the fire. A war chief noted in the Cherokee war of 1760, and prominent until about the close of the Revolution; known to the whites as Oconostota. Also the Cherokee name for Colonel Gideon Morgan of the war of 1812, for Washington Morgan, his son, of the Civil war, and now for a full-blood upon the reservation, known to the whites as Morgan Calhoun.

Â'gan-uni'tsi—“Groundhogs’-mother,” from Â'gana and uni'tsi, their mother, plural of utsi', his mother (etsi', agiti', my mother). The Cherokee name of a Shawano captive, who, according to tradition, killed the great Uktena serpent and procured the UlÛÑsÛ'ti.

Agawe'la—“Old Woman,” a formulistic name for corn or the spirit of corn.

agayÛÑ'li—for agayÛÑ'lige, old, ancient.

agidÂ'ta—see edÂ'ta.

agidu'tu—see edu'tu.

Agi?li—“He is rising,” possibly a contraction of an old personal name, Agin'-agi?li, “Rising-fawn.” Major George Lowrey, cousin of Sequoya, and assistant chief of the Cherokee Nation about 1840. Stanley incorrectly makes it “Keeth-la, or Dog” (for gi?li'.)

agini'si—see eni'si.

agi'si—female, applied usually to quadrupeds.

Agis'-e'gwa—“Great Female,” possibly “Great Doe.” A being, probably an animal god, invoked in the sacred formulas.

agitsi'—see etsi'.

Agitsta?ti'yi—“Where they stayed up all night,” from tsigitsÛÑ'tihÛ', “I stay up all night.” A place in the Great Smoky range about the head of Noland creek, in Swain county, North Carolina. See notes to number 100.

Aguaquiri—see Guaquili.

Ahalu'na—“Ambush,” AhalunÛÑ'yi, “Ambush place,” or Uni'halu'na, “Where they ambushed,” from akalu'ga, “I am watching”. Soco gap, at the head of Soco creek, on the line between Swain and Haywood counties, North Carolina (see number 122). The name is also applied to a lookout station for deer hunters.

ahanu'lahi—“he is bearded,” from ahanu'lahÛ, a beard.

Ahu'lude'gi—“He throws away the drum” (habitual), from ahu'li, drum, and akwade'gÛ, “I am throwing it away” (round object). The Cherokee name of John Jolly, a noted chief and adopted father of Samuel Houston, about 1800.

ahyeli'ski—a mocker or mimic.

akta'—eye; plural, dikta'.

akta'ti—a telescope or field glass. The name denotes something with which to examine or look into closely, from akta', eye.

akwandu'li—a song form for akwidu'li(-hÛ, “I want it.”

Akwan?ki—see Anakwan?ki.

Akwe?ti'yi—a location on Tuckasegee river, in Jackson county, North Carolina; the meaning of the name is lost. See number 122.

Alarka—see YalÂgi.

Âliga'—the red-horse fish (Moxostoma).

Alkini'—the last woman known to be of Natchez descent and peculiarity among the East Cherokee; died about 1890. The name has no apparent meaning.

ama'—water; in the Lower dialect, awa'; cf. a'ma, salt.

amaye'hi—“dwelling in the water,” from ama' (ama'yi, “in the water”) and ehÛ', “I dwell,” “I live.”

Amaye?l-e'gwa—“Great island,” from amaye?li, island (from ama', water, and aye?li, “in the middle”) and e'gwa, great. A former Cherokee settlement on Little Tennessee river, at Big island, a short distance below the mouth of Tellico, in Monroe county, Tennessee. Timberlake writes it Mialaquo, while Bartram spells it Nilaque. Not to be confounded with Long-island town below Chattanooga.

Amaye?li-gÛnahi'ta—“Long island,” from amaye?li, island, and gÛnahi'ta, long. A former Cherokee settlement, known to the whites as Long Island town, at the Long island in Tennessee river, on the Tennessee-Georgia line. It was one of the Chickamauga towns (see Tsikama'gi).

ama'yine'hi—“dwellers in the water,” plural of amaye'hi.

Anada'dÛÑtaski—“Roasters,” i. e., Cannibals; from gÛÑ'taskÛ', “I am putting it (round) into the fire to roast.” The regular word for cannibals is YÛÑ'wini'giski, q. v. See number 3.

anagÂhÛÑ'ÛÑskÛ'—the Green-corn dance; literally, “they are having a Green-corn dance”; anagÂhÛÑ'ÛÑsgÛÑ'yi, “where they are having the Green-corn dance”; the popular name is not a translation of the Cherokee word, which has no reference either to corn or dancing.

Anakwan?ki—the Delaware Indians; singular Akwan?ki, a Cherokee attempt at Wapanaqki, “Easterners,” the Algonquian name by which, in various corrupted forms, the Delawares are commonly known to the western tribes.

Anantooeah—see Ani'-NÛn'dawe'gi.

a?ne'tsÂ, or a?netsÂ'gi—the ballplay.

a?netsÂ'ÛÑski—a ballplayer; literally, “a lover of the ballplay.”

ani'—a tribal and animate prefix.

ani'da'wehi—plural of ada'wehi.

a'niganti'ski—see dagan?tÛ.

Ani'-Gatage'wi—one of the seven Cherokee clans; the name has now no meaning, but has been absurdly rendered “Blind savanna,” from an incorrect idea that it is derived from igÂ'ti, a swamp or savanna, and dige'wi, blind.

Ani'-GilÂ'hi—“Long-haired people,” one of the seven Cherokee clans; singular, AgilÂ'hi. The word comes from agilÂ'hi (perhaps connected with agi?lge-ni, “the back of (his) neck”), an archaic term denoting wearing the hair long or flowing loosely, and usually recognized as applying more particularly to a woman.

Ani'-Gili'—a problematic tribe, possibly the Congaree. See page 381. The name is not connected with gi?li, dog.

Ani'-Gusa—see Ani'-Ku'sa.

a'nigwa—soon after; dine'tlana a'nigwa, “soon after the creation.”

Ani'-HyÛÑ'tikwalÂ'ski—“The Thunderers,” i. e., thunder, which in Cherokee belief, is controlled and caused by a family of supernaturals. The word has reference to making a rolling sound; cf. tikwale'lu, a wheel, hence a wagon; ama'-tikwalelÛÑyi, “rolling water place,” applied to a cascade where the water falls along the surface of the rock; ahyÛÑ'tikwalÂ'stihÛ', “it is thundering,” applied to the roar of a railroad train or waterfall.

Ani'-Kawi'—“Deer people,” one of the seven Cherokee clans; the regular form for deer is a?wi'.

Ani'-Kawi'ta—The Lower Creeks, from Kawi'ta or Coweta, their former principal town on Chattahoochee river near the present Columbus, Georgia; the Upper Creeks on the head streams of Alabama river were distinguished as Ani'-Ku'sa (q. v.) A small creek of Little Tennessee river above Franklin, in Macon county, North Carolina, is now known as Coweeta creek.

Ani'-Kitu'hwagi—“Kitu'hwa people,” from Kitu'hwa (q. v.), an ancient Cherokee settlement; for explanation see page 182.

Ani'-Ku'sa or Ani'-Gu'sa,—The Creek Indians, particularly the Upper Creeks on the waters of Alabama river; singular, A-Ku'sa, from Kusa or Coosa (Spanish, CoÇa, Cossa) their principal ancient town.

Ani'-Kuta'ni (also Ani'-Kwata'-ni, or, incorrectly, Nicotani)—a traditional Cherokee priestly society or clan, exterminated in a popular uprising. See number 108.

aninÂ'hilidÂhi—“creatures that fly about,” from tsinai'li, “I am flying,” tsinÂ'iladÂ'hÛ, “I am flying about.” The generic term for birds and flying insects.

Ani'-Na?tsi—abbreviated Anintsi, singular A-Na?tsi. The Natchez Indians; from coincidence with na?tsi, pine, the name has been incorrectly rendered “Pine Indians,” whereas it is really a Cherokee plural of the proper name of the Natchez.

Anin'tsi—see Ani'-Na?tsi.

Ani'-NÛn'dawe'gi—singular, NÛn'dawe'gi; the Iroquois, more particularly the Seneca, from NÛndawao, the name by which the Seneca call themselves. Adair spells it Anantooeah. The tribe was also known as Ani'-Se'nika.

Ani'-SahÂ'ni—one of the seven Cherokee clans; possibly an archaic form for “Blue people,” from sa?ka'ni, sa?ka'nige'i, blue.

Ani'-Sa'ni, Ani'-SawahÂ'ni—see Ani'-Sawanu'gi.

Ani'-Sawanu'gi (singular Sawanu'gi)—the Shawano Indians. Ani'-Sa'ni and Ani'-SawahÂ'ni (see page 380) may be the same.

Ani'-Se'nika.—see Ani'-NÛndawe'gi.

anisga'ya—plural of asga'ya, man.

Anisga'ya Tsunsdi'(-ga)—“The Little Men”; the Thunder Boys in Cherokee mythology. See numbers 3 and 8.

Ani'sgaya'yi—“Men town” (?), a traditional Cherokee settlement on Valley river, in Cherokee county, North Carolina.

anisgi'na—plural of asgi'na, q. v.

Ani'-SkalÂ'li—the Tuscarora Indians; singular, SkalÂ'li or A-SkalÂ'i.

Ani'skwa'ni—Spaniards; singular, Askwa'ni.

Ani'-Suwa'li, or Ani-'Suwa'la—the Suala, Sara, or Cheraw Indians, formerly about the headwaters of Broad river, North Carolina, the Xuala province of the De Soto chronicle, and Joara or Juada of the later Pardo narrative.

Ani'ta'gwa—the Catawba Indians; singular, Ata'gwa, or Tagwa.

Ani'-TsÂ'gÛhi—a traditional Cherokee clan, transformed to bears (see number 75). Swimmer’s daughter bears the name TsÂgÛhi, which is not recognized as distinctively belonging to either sex.

Ani'-Tsa'lagi'—the Cherokee. See “Tribal Synonymy,” page 182.

Ani'-Tsa?ta—the Choctaw Indians; singular, Tsa?ta.

Ani'-Tsi'ksÛ—the Chickasaw Indians; singular, Tsi'ksÛ.

Ani'-Tsi'skwa—“Bird people;” one of the seven Cherokee clans.

Ani'tsu'tsa—“The Boys,” from atsu'tsa, boy; the Pleiades. See number 10.

Ani'-WÂ'di—“Paint people”; one of the seven Cherokee clans.

Ani'-WÂdihi'—“Place of the Paint people or clan”; Paint town, a Cherokee settlement on lower Soco creek, within the reservation in Jackson and Swain counties, North Carolina. It takes its name from the Ani'-WÂ'di or Paint clan.

ani'wani'ski—the bugle weed, Lycopus virginicus; literally, “they talk” or “talkers,” from tsiwa'nihÛ, “I am talking,” awani'ski, “he talks habitually.” See number 26.

Ani'-Wasa'si—the Osage Indians; singular, Wasa'si.

Ani'-Wa'?ya—“Wolf people”; the most important of the seven Cherokee clans.

Ani'-Yu'tsi—the Yuchi or Uchee Indians; singular Yu'tsi.

Ani'-YÛÑ'wiya'—Indians, particularly Cherokee Indians; literally “principal or real people,” from yÛÑwi, person, ya, a suffix implying principal or real, and ani', the tribal prefix. See pages 5 and 182.

Annie Ax—see Sadayi'.

Aquone—a post-office on Nantahala river, in Macon county, North Carolina, site of the former Fort Scott. Probably a corruption of egwÂni, river.

Arch, John—see Atsi.

asÂ'gwalihÛ'—a pack or burden; asÂ'gwal?lÛ' or asÂ'gwi?li, “there is a pack on him.” Cf sÂ'gwali'.

asehi'—surely.

Ase'nika—singular of Ani'-Se'nika. See Ani'-NÛndawe'gi.

asga'ya—man.

Asga'ya Gi'gagei—the “Red Man”; the Lightning spirit.

asgi'na—a ghost, either human or animal; from the fact that ghosts are commonly supposed to be malevolent, the name is frequently rendered “devil.”

Asheville—see KÂsdu'yi and Unta'kiyasti'yi.

Âsi—the sweat lodge and occasional winter sleeping apartment of the Cherokee and other southern tribes. It was a low-built structure of logs covered with earth, and from its closeness and the fire usually kept smoldering within was known to the old traders as the “hot house.”

Â'siyu' (abbreviated siyu')—good; the common Cherokee salute; gÂ'siyu', “I am good”; hÂ'siyu', “thou art good”; Â'siyu, “he (it) is good”; ÂstÛ, “very good” (intensive).

Askwa'ni—a Spaniard. See Ani'skwa'ni.

ÂstÛ'—very good; ÂstÛ tsiki', very good, best of all. Cf Â'siyu'.

Astu'gatÂ'ga—A Cherokee lieutenant in the Confederate service, killed in 1862. See page 170. The name may be rendered, “Standing in the doorway” but implies that the man himself is the door or shutter; it has no first person; gatÂ'ga, “he is standing”; stu?ti, a door or shutter; stuhÛ', a closed door or passage; stugi'sti, a key, i. e. something with which to open a door.

asÛÑ'tli, asÛÑtlÛÑ'yi—a footlog or bridge; literally, “log lying across,” from asi'ta, log.

ata'—wood; ata'ya, “principal wood,” i. e. oak; cf. Muscogee iti, wood.

AtagÂ'hi—“Gall place,” from a'tagÛ', gall, and hi, locative; a mythic lake in the Great Smoky mountains. See number 69. The name is also applied to that part of the Great Smoky range centering about Thunderhead mountain and Miry ridge, near the boundary between Swain county, North Carolina, and Blount county, Tennessee.

a'tagÛ'—gall.

Ata'-gÛl?kalÛ'—a noted Cherokee chief, recognized by the British government as the head chief or “emperor” of the Nation, about 1760 and later, and commonly known to the whites as the Little Carpenter (Little Cornplanter, by mistake, in Haywood). The name is frequently spelled Atta-kulla-kulla, Ata-kullakulla or Ata-culculla. It may be rendered “Leaning-wood,” from ata', “wood” and gÛl?kalÛ, a verb implying that something long is leaning, without sufficient support, against some other object; it has no first person form. Bartram describes him as “a man of remarkably small stature, slender and of a delicate frame, the only instance I saw in the Nation; but he is a man of superior abilities.”

Ata'gwa—a Catawba Indian. See Ani'la'gwa.

A?tÂhi'ta—abbreviated from A?tÂhitÛÑ'yi, “Place where they shouted,” from gatÂ'hiÛ', “I shout,” and yi, locative. Waya gap, on the ridge west of Franklin, Macon county, North. Carolina. See number 13. The map name is probably from the Cherokee wa?ya, wolf.

Ata-kullakulla—see Ata'-gÛl?kalÛ'.

Â'tali—mountain; in the Lower dialect Â'tari, whence the “Ottare” or Upper Cherokee of Adair. The form Â'tali is used only in composition; a mountain in situ is ÂtalÛÑyi or gatu'si.

Â'tali-gÛli'—“it climbs the mountain,” i. e., “mountain-climber”; the ginseng plant, Ginseng quinquefolium; from Â'tali, mountain, and gÛli', “it climbs” (habitually); tsilahi' or tsili', “I am climbing.” Also called in the sacred formulas, YÛÑ'wi Usdi', “Little Man.” See number 126.

a'talulÛ—unfinished, premature, unsuccessful; whence utalu'li, “it is not yet time.”

Ata'lÛÑti'ski—a chief of the Arkansas Cherokee about 1818, who had originally emigrated from Tennessee. The name, commonly spelled Tollunteeskee, Taluntiski, Tallotiskee, Tallotuskee, etc., denotes one who throws some living object from a place, as an enemy from a precipice. See number 100 for instance.

Â'tari—see Â'tali.

atasi' (or atasÛ', in a dialectic form)—a war club.

atatsÛÑ'ski—stinging; literally, “he stings” (habitually).

A?tla'nuwa'—“Tla'nuwa hole”; the Cherokee name of Chattanooga, Tennessee, (see Tsatanu'gi) originally applied to a bluff on the south side of the Tennessee river at the foot of the present Market street. See number 124.

A'tsi—the Cherokee name of John Arch, one of the earliest native writers in the Sequoya characters. The word is simply an attempt at the English name Arch.

atsi'la—fire; in the Lower dialect, atsi'ra.

Atsil'-dihye'gi—“Fire Carrier”; apparently the Cherokee name for the will-of-the-wisp. See page 335. As is usually the case in Cherokee compounds, the verbal form is plural (“it carries fires”); the singular form is ahye'gi.

atsil'-sÛÑ?ti (abbreviated tsil'-sÛÑ?ti)—fleabane (Erigeron canadense); the name signifies “material with which to make fire,” from atsi'la, fire, and gasÛÑ?ti, (gatsÛÑ?ti or gatlÛÑ?ti), material with which to make something; from gasÛÑ'skÛ (or gatlÛÑ'skÛ), “I make it.” The plant is also called ihyÂ'ga. See number 126.

Atsil'-tlÛÑtÛ'tsi—“Fire panther.” A meteor or comet. See notes to number 9.

Atsi'la-wa'i—“Fire ——”; a mountain, sometimes known as Rattlesnake knob, about two miles northeast of Cherokee, Swain county, North Carolina. See number 122.

a'tsina'—cedar; cf. Muscogee, achena or auchenau.

A'tsina'-k?ta'ÛÑ—“Hanging cedar place”; from a'tsina', cedar, and k?taÛÑ, “where it (long) hangs down”; a Cherokee name for the old Taskigi town on Little Tennessee river in Monroe county, Tennessee. See number 105.

atsi'ra—see atsi'la.

AtsÛÑ'sta?ti'yi (abbreviated AtsÛÑ'sta?ti')—“Fire-light place,” (cf. atsil-sÛÑ'?ti), referring to the “fire-hunting” method of killing deer in the river at night. The proper form for Chestatee river, near Dahlonega, in Lumpkin county, Georgia.

Attakullakulla—see Ata-gÛl?kalÛ'.

awa'—see ama'.

awÂ'hili—eagle; particularly Aquila chrysÆtus, distinguished as the “pretty-feathered eagle.”

a?wi'—deer; also sometimes written and pronounced, ahawi'; the name is sometimes applied to the large horned beetle, the “flying stag” of early writers.

a?wi'-ahanu'lahi—goat; literally, “bearded deer.”

a?wi'-akta'—“deer eye”; the Rudbeckia or black-eyed Susan.

a?wi'-ahyeli'ski—“deer mocker”; the deer bleat, a sort of whistle used by hunters to call the doe by imitating the cry of the fawn.

a?wi'-e'gwa (abbreviated a?w-e'gwa)—the elk, literally “great deer.”

a?wi'-unade'na—sheep; literally “woolly deer.”

A?wi' Usdi'—“Little Deer”; the mythic chief of the Deer tribe. See number 15.

Ax, Annie—see Sadayi'.

Ax, John—see ItagÛ'nahi.

AyÂ'sta—“The Spoiler,” from tsiyÂ'stihÛ, “I spoil it”; cf. uyÂ'i, bad. A prominent woman and informant on the East Cherokee reservation.

aye?li—half, middle, in the middle.

Ayrate—see e'ladi'.

Ayuhwa'si—the proper form of the name commonly written Hiwassee. It signifies a savanna or meadow and was applied to two (or more) former Cherokee settlements. The more important, commonly distinguished as Ayuhwa'si EgwÂ'hi or Great Hiwassee, was on the north bank of Hiwassee river at the present Savannah ford above Columbus, in Polk county, Tennessee. The other was farther up the same river, at the junction of Peachtree creek, above Murphy, in Cherokee county, North Carolina. Lanman writes it Owassa.

A?yÛÑ'ini—“Swimmer”; literally, “he is swimming,” from gayÛÑini', “I am swimming.” A principal priest and informant of the East Cherokee, died in 1899.

AyÛlsÛ'—see DayÛlsÛÑ'yi.

Beaverdam—see Uy'gilÂ'gi.

Big-island—see Amaye?l-e'gwa.

Big-cove—see KÂ'lanÛÑ'yi.

Big-mush—see GatÛÑ'wa?li.

Big-witch—see Tskil-e'gwa.

Bird-town—see TsiskwÂ'hi.

Bloody-fellow—see Iskagua.

Blythe—see Diskwa?ni.

Black-fox—see InÂ'li.

Boudinot, Elias—see Galagi'na.

Bowl, The; Bowles, Colonel—see Diwa?li.

Brass—see ÛÑtsaiyi'.

Brasstown—see Itse'yi.

Breath, The—see ÛÑli'ta.

Briertown—see Kanu'ga?lÂ'yi.

Buffalo (creek)—see YÛnsÂ'i.

Bull-head—see Uskwale'na.

Butler, John—see Tsan'uga'sita.

Cade’s Cove—see TsiyÂ'hi.

Canacaught—“Canacaught, the great Conjurer,” mentioned as a Lower Cherokee chief in 1684; possibly kanegwÂ'ti, the water-moccasin snake. See page 31.

Canaly—see hi'gina'lii.

Canasagua—see GansÂ'gi.

Cannastion, Cannostee—see Kana'sta.

Canuga—see Kanu'ga.

Cartoogaja—see Gatu'gitse'yi.

Cataluchee—see Gadalu'tsi.

Cauchi—a place, apparently in the Cherokee country, visited by Pardo in 1567 (see page 29). The name may possibly have some connection with Nacoochee or Nagu?tsi', q. v.

Caunasaita—given as the name of a Lower Cherokee chief in 1684; possibly for KanÛÑsi'ta, “dogwood” (Cornus florida). See page 31.

Chalaque—see Tsa'lagi under “Tribal Synonymy,” page 182.

Chattanooga—see Tsatanu'gi.

Chattooga, Chatuga—see Tsatu'gi.

Cheeowhee—see TsiyÂ'hi.

Cheerake—see Tsa'lagi, under “Tribal Synonymy,” page 182.

Cheowa—see TsiyÂ'hi.

Cheowa Maximum—see Sehwate'yi.

Cheraqui—see Tsa'lagi, under “Tribal Synonymy,” page 182.

Cheraw—see Ani'-Suwa'li.

Cherokee—see Tsa'lagi, under “Tribal Synonymy,” page 182; also ElawÂ'diyi.

Chestatee—see AtsÛÑ'sta?ti'yi.

Chestua—see Tsistu'yi.

Cheucunsene—see Tsi'yu-gÛnsi'ni.

Cheulah—mentioned by Timberlake as the chief of Settacoo (Si'tikÛ) in 1762. The name may be intended for Tsu?la, “Fox.”

Chickamauga—see Tsi'kama'gi.

Chilhowee—see TsÛ?lÛÑ'we.

Chimney Tops—see Duni'skwa?lgÛÑ'i.

Chisca—mentioned in the De Soto narratives as a mining region in the Cherokee country. The name may have a connection with Tsi'skwa, “bird,” possibly TsiskwÂ'hi, “Bird place.”

Choastea—see Tsistu'yi.

Chopped Oak—see Digalu'yatÛÑ'yi.

Choquata—see ItsÂ'ti.

Chota, Chotte—see ItsÂ'ti.

Citico—see Si'tikÛ'.

Clear-sky—see Iskagua.

Clennuse—see Tlanusi'yi.

Cleveland—see Tsistetsi'yi.

CoÇa—see Ani'-Ku'sa.

Coco—see KukÛ'.

Cohutta—see GahÛ'ti.

Colanneh, Colona—see KÂ'lanÛ.

Conasauga—see GansÂ'gi.

Conneross—see KawÂn'-urÂ'sÛÑyi.

Cooweescoowee—see Gu'wisguwi'.

Coosa—see Ani'-Ku'sa and Kusa'.

Coosawatee—see Ku'saweti'yi.

Corani—see KÂ'lanÛ.

Cossa—see Ani'-Ku'sa, Kusa.

Cowee'—see Kawi'yi.

Coweeta, Coweta—see Ani'-Kawi'ta.

Coyatee (variously spelled Cawatie, Coiatee, Coytee, Coytoy, Kai-a-tee)—A former Cherokee settlement on Little Tennessee river, some ten miles below the junction of Tellico, about the present Coytee post-office in Loudon county, Tennessee. The correct form and etymology are uncertain.

Creek-path—see Ku'sa-nÛÑnÂ'hi.

Crow-town—see KÂgÛÑ'yi.

Cuhtahlatah—a Cherokee woman noted in the Wahnenauhi manuscript as having distinguished herself by bravery in battle. The proper form may have some connection with gatÛÑ'lati, “wild hemp.”

Cullasagee—see KÛlse'tsi'yi.

Cullowhee, Currahee—see GÛlÂhi'yi.

Cuttawa—see Kitu'hwa.

dagan?tÛ—“he makes it rain”; from aga'ska, “it is raining,” aga'na, “it has begun to rain”; a small variety of lizard whose cry is said to presage rain. It is also called a'niganti'ski, “they make it rain” (plural form), or “rain-maker.” See number 59.

dagÛl?kÛ—the American white-fronted goose (Anser albifrons gambeli). The name may be an onomatope. See number 6.

dagÛ'na—the fresh water mussel; also a variety of face pimples.

DagÛnÂ'hi—“Mussel place,” from dagÛ'na, mussel, and hi, locative. The Muscle shoals on Tennessee river, in northwestern Alabama. It was sometimes called also simply Tsu?stanalÛÑ'yi, “Shoals place.” Cf. U?stana'li.

DagÛ'nawe'lÂhi—“Mussel-liver place,” from dagÛ'na, mussel, uwe'la, liver, and hi, locative; the Cherokee name for the site of Nashville, Tennessee. No reason can now be given for the name.

Dahlonega—A town in Lumpkin County, Georgia, near which the first gold was mined. A mint was established there in 1838. The name is from the Cherokee dala'nige'i, yellow, whence ate'la-dalÂ'nige'i, “yellow money,” i. e., gold.

daksawa'ihÛ—“he is shedding tears.”

dakwa'—a mythic great fish; also the whale. See number 68.

Dakwa'i—“Dakwa place,” from a tradition of a dakwa' in the river at that point. A former Cherokee settlement, known to the traders as Toqua or Toco, on Little Tennessee river, about the mouth of Toco creek in Monroe county, Tennessee. See number 68. A similar name and tradition attaches to a spot on the French Broad river, about six miles above the Warm springs, in Buncombe county, North Carolina. See number 122.

dakwa'nitlastesti—“I shall have them on my legs for garters”; from anitla'sti (plural dinitla'sti), garter; d-, initial plural; akwa, first person particle; and esti, future suffix. See number 77.

da'liksta'—“vomiter,” from dagik'stihÛ', “I am vomiting,” daliksta', “he vomits” (habitually); the form is plural. The spreading adder (Heterodon), also sometimes called kwandaya'hÛ, a word of uncertain etymology.

Da'?nagÂsta—for Da'?nawa-gÂsta'ya, “Sharp-war,” i.e. “Eager-warrior”; a Cherokee woman’s name.

Da'?nawa-(a)sa?tsÛÑ'yi “War ford,” from da'?nawa, war, and asa?tsÛÑ'yi, a crossing-place or ford. A ford on Cheowa river about three miles below Robbinsville, in Graham county, North Carolina. See number 122.

Danda'ganÛ'—“Two looking at each other,” from detsi'ganÛ', “I am looking at him.” A former Cherokee settlement, commonly known as Lookout Mountain town, on Lookout Mountain creek, near the present Trenton, Dade county, Georgia. One of the Chickamauga towns (see Tsi'kama'gi), so called on account of the appearance of the mountains facing each other across the Tennessee river at Chattanooga.

Da'si?giya'gi—an old masculine personal name, of doubtful etymology, but commonly rendered by the traders “Shoe-boots,” possibly referring to some peculiar style of moccasin or leggin. A chief known to the whites as Shoe-boots is mentioned in the Revolutionary records. Chief Lloyd Welch, of the eastern band, was known in the tribe as Da'si?giya'gi and the same name is now used by the East Cherokee as the equivalent of the name Lloyd.

Da'skwitÛÑ'yi—“Rafters place,” from daskwitÛÑ'i, “rafters,” and yi, locative. A former settlement on Tusquittee creek, near Hayesville, in Clay county, North Carolina.

dasÛÑ'tali—ant; dasÛÑ'tali atatsÛÑ'ski, “stinging ant,” the large red cow-ant (Myrmica?), also called sometimes, on account of its hard body-case, nÛÑ'yunu'wi, “stone-clad,” after the fabulous monster. See number 67.

Datle'yasta'i—“Where they fell down,” a point on Tuckasegee river, a short distance above Webster, in Jackson county, North Carolina. For tradition see number 122.

dÂtsi—a traditional water monster. See number 122.

DÂtsi'yi—“DÂtsi place”; a place on Little Tennessee river, near the junction of Eagle creek, in Swain county, North Carolina. See number 122.

Datsu'nalÂsgÛÑ'yi—“where there are tracks or footprints,” from ulÂ'sinÛÑ'yi or ulÂsgÛÑ'yi, footprint. Track Rock gap, near Blairsville, Georgia. Also sometimes called De'gayelÛÑ'ha, “place of branded marks”; (digaletanÛÑ'hi, branded, or printed). See number 125.

dÂ'yi—beaver.

DayÛlsÛÑ'yi—“Place where they cried,” a spot on the ridge at the head of Tuckasegee river, in Jackson county, North Carolina; so called from an old tradition. See number 80.

dÂ'yuni'si—“beaver’s grandchild,” from dÂ'yi, beaver, and uni'si, son’s child, of either sex (daughter’s child, either sex, uli'si). The water beetle or mellow bug (Dineutes discolor).

Degal?gÛÑ'yi—a cairn, literally “Where they are piled up”; a series of cairns on the south side of Cheowa river, in Graham county, North Carolina. See number 122.

De'gatÂ'ga—The Cherokee name of General Stand Watie and of a prominent early western chief known to the whites as Takatoka. The word is derived from tsitÂ'ga, “I am standing,” da?nitÂ'ga, “they are standing together,” and conveys the subtle meaning of two persons standing together and so closely united in sympathy as to form but one human body.

De'gayelÛÑ'ha—see Datsu'nalÂsgÛÑ'yi.

detsanÛÑ'li—an inclosure or piece of level ground cleared for ceremonial purposes; applied more particularly to the Green-corn dance ground. The word has a plural form, but can not be certainly analyzed.

De'tsata—a Cherokee sprite. See number 78.

detsinu'lahÛÑgÛ'—“I tried, but failed.”

Dida?lÂski'yi—“Showering place.” In the story (number 17) the name is understood to mean “The place where it rains fire.” It signifies literally, however, the place where it showers, or comes down, and lodges upon something animate, and has no definite reference to fire (atsi'la) or rain (agaska, “it is raining”); dega?lÂskÛ', “they are showering down and lodging upon him.”

Dida'skasti'yi—“Where they were afraid of each other.” A spot on Little Tennessee river, near the mouth of Alarka creek, in Swain county, North Carolina. See number 122.

diga'gwani'—the mud-hen or didapper (Gallinula galeata). The name is a plural form and implies “lame,” or “crippled in the legs” (cf. detsi'nigwa'na, “I am kneeling”), probably from the bouncing motion of the bird when in the water. It is also the name of a dance.

Diga'kati'yi—see Gakati'yi.

di'galÛÑgÛÑ'yi—“where it rises, or comes up”; the east. The sacred term is NÛÑdÂ'yi, q. v.

digalÛÑ'latiyÛÑ—a height, one of a series, from galÛn'lati, “above.” See number 1.

Digalu'yatÛÑ'yi—“Where it is gashed (with hatchets)”; from tsilu'yÛ, “I am cutting (with a chopping stroke),” di, plural prefix, and yi, locative. The Chopped Oak, formerly east of Clarkesville, Georgia. See number 125.

Digane'ski—“He picks them up” (habitually), from tsine'Û, “I am picking it up.” A Cherokee Union soldier in the civil war. See page 171.

digi'gage'i—the plural of gi'gage'i, red.

digÛ'lanahi'ta—for digÛ'li-anahi'ta, “having long ears,” “long-eared”; from gÛle, “ear” and gÛnahi'ta, “long.”

DihyÛÑ'dula'—“Sheaths,” or “Scabbards”; singular ahyÛÑ'dula', “a gun sheath,” or other scabbard. The probable correct form of a name which appears in Revolutionary documents as “Untoola, or Gun Rod.”

dikta'—plural of akta', eye.

dila'—skunk.

dilsta'ya?ti—“scissors”; the water-spider (Dolomedes).

dinda'skwate'ski—the violet; the name signifies, “they pull each other’s heads off.”

dine'tlana—the creation.

di?nÛski—“the breeder”; a variety of smilax brier. See number 126.

DisgÂ'gisti'yi—“Where they gnaw”; a place on Cheowa river, in Graham county, North Carolina. See number 122.

diskwa?ni—“chestnut bread,” i. e., a variety of bread having chestnuts mixed with it. The Cherokee name of James Blythe, interpreter and agency clerk.

distai'yi—“they are strong,” plural of astai'yi, “strong, or tough.” The Tephrosia or devil’s-shoestring. See number 126.

dista'sti—a mill (generic).

dita'stayeski—“a barber,” literally “one who cuts things” (as with a scissors), from tsista'yÛ, “I cut,” (as with a scissors). The cricket (tala'tu) is sometimes so called. See number 59.

Diwa'?li—“Bowl,” a prominent chief of the western Cherokee, known to the whites as The Bowl, or Colonel Bowles, killed by the Texans in 1839. The chief mentioned on page 100 may have been another of the same name.

diyÂ'hali (or duyÂ'hali)—the alligator lizard (Sceloporue undulalus). See number 59.

DiyÂ'hali'yi—“Lizard place,” from diyÂ'hali, lizard, and yi, locative. Joanna bald, a mountain at the head of Valley river, on the line between Cherokee and Graham counties, North Carolina. For tradition see number 122; also number 59.

Double-head—see Tal-tsu'ska'.

Dragging-canoe—see Tsi'yu-gÛnsi'ni.

DudÛÑ'leksÛÑ'yi—“Where its legs were broken off”; a place on Tuckasegee river, a few miles above Webster, in Jackson county, North Carolina. See number 122.

Dugilu'yi (abbreviated Dugilu', and commonly written Tugaloo, or sometimes Toogelah or Toogoola)—a name occurring in several places in the old Cherokee country, the best known being Tugaloo river, so called from a former Cherokee settlement of that name situated at the junction of Toccoa creek with the main stream, in Habersham county, Georgia. The word is of uncertain etymology, but seems to refer to a place at the forks of a stream.

DÛksa'i, DÛkw?sa'i—The correct form of the name commonly written Toxaway, applied to a former Cherokee settlement in South Carolina, and the creek upon which it stood, an extreme head-stream of Keowee river having its source in Jackson county, North Carolina. The meaning of the name is lost, although it has been wrongly interpreted to mean “Place of shedding tears.” See number 123.

DulastÛÑ'yi—“Potsherd place.” A former Cherokee settlement on Nottely river in Cherokee county, North Carolina. See number 122.

dule'tsi—“kernels,” a goitrous swelling upon the throat.

dulu'si—a variety of frog found upon the headwaters of Savannah river. See number 125.

Duniya?ta?lÛÑ'yi—“Where there are shelves, or flat places,” from aya?te'ni, flat, whence da'ya?tana?lÛÑ'i', a shelf, and yi', the locative. A gap on the Great Smoky range, near Clingman’s dome, Swain county, North Carolina. See notes to number 100.

DunidÛ'lalÛÑ'yi—“Where they made arrows”; a place on Straight creek, a head-stream of Oconaluftee river, in Swain county, North Carolina. See number 122.

Duni'skwa?lgÛÑ'i—the double peak known as the Chimney Tops, in the Great Smoky mountains about the head of Deep creek, in Swain county, North Carolina. On the north side is the pass known as Indian gap. The name signifies a “forked antler,” from uskwa?lgÛ, antler, but indicates that the antler is attached in place, as though the deer itself were concealed below.

Du'stayalÛÑ'yi—“Where it made a noise as of thunder or shooting,” apparently referring to a lightning stroke (detsistaya'hihÛ, “I make a shooting, or thundering, noise,” might be a first person form used by the personified Thunder-god); a spot on Hiwassee river, about the junction of Shooting creek, near Hayesville, in Clay county, North Carolina. A former settlement along the creek bore the same name. See number 79.

du'stu'—a species of frog, appearing very early in spring; the name is intended for an onomatope. It is the correct form of the name of the chief noted by McKenney and Hall as “Tooantuh or Spring Frog.”

Dutch—see Tatsi'.

duwe?ga—the spring lizard. See number 59.

Eagle dance—see TsugidÛ?li' Ûlsgi'sti.

Eastinaulee—see U?stana'li.

Echoee—see Itse'yi.

Echota—see ItsÂ'ti.

EdÂ'hi—“He goes about” (habitually); a masculine name.

Echota, New—see GansÂ'gi.

edÂ'ta—my father (Upper dialect); the Middle and Lower dialect form is agidÂ'ta.

edu'tu—my maternal grandfather (Upper dialect); the Middle and Lower dialect form is agidu'tu; cf. eni'si.

e'gwa—great; cf. u'tanÛ.

egwÂ'ni—river.

EgwÂnul?ti—“By the river,” from egwÂ'ni, river, and nu'lati or nul?ti, near, beside. The proper form of Oconaluftee, the name of the river flowing through the East Cherokee reservation in Swain and Jackson counties, North Carolina. The Cherokee town, “Oconalufte,” mentioned by Bartram as existing about 1775, was probably on the lower course of the river at the present Birdtown, on the reservation, where was formerly a considerable mound.

ela—earth, ground.

e'ladi'—low, below; in the Lower dialect e'radi', whence the Ayrate or Lower Cherokee of Adair as distinguished from the Ottare (Â'tari, Â'tali) or Upper Cherokee.

elanti—a song form for e'ladi, q. v.

Elatse'yi (abbreviated Elatse')—possibly “Green (Verdant) earth,” from ela, earth, and itse'yi, green, from fresh-springing vegetation. The name of several former Cherokee settlements, commonly known to the whites as Ellijay, Elejoy or Allagae. One of these was upon the headwaters of Keowee river in South Carolina; another was on Ellijay creek of Little Tennessee river, near the present Franklin, in Macon county, North Carolina; another was about the present Ellijay in Gilmer county, Georgia; and still another was on Ellejoy creek of Little river near the present Maryville, in Blount county, Tennessee.

ElawÂ'diyi (abbreviated ElawÂ'di)—“Red-earth place” from ela, earth, wÂdi, brown-red or red paint, and yi, the locative. 1. The Cherokee name of Yellow-hill settlement, now officially known as Cherokee, the postoffice and agency headquarters for the East Cherokee, on Oconaluftee river in Swain county, North Carolina. 2. A former council ground, known in history as Red Clay, at the site of the present village of that name in Whitfield county, Georgia, adjoining the Tennessee line.

Ellijay—see Elatse'yi.

eni'si—my paternal grandfather (Upper dialect); the Middle and Lower dialect form is agini'si. Cf. edu'tu.

Eskaqua—see Iskagua.

Estanaula, Estinaula—see U?stana'li.

Etawa'ha-tsistatla'ski—“Deadwood-lighter,” a traditional Cherokee conjurer. See number 100.

e?ti, or eti—old, long ago.

Etowah—see I'tawa'.

Etsaiyi'—see ÛÑtsaiyi'.

etsi'—my mother (Upper dialect); the Middle and Lower dialect form is agitsi'.

Euharlee—see Yuha'li'.

Feather dance—see TsugidÛ?li, Ûlsgi'sti.

Fighting-town—see WalÂs'-unÛlsli'yi.

Flax-toter—see TÂle'danigi'ski.

Flying-squirrel—see KÂ'lahÛ'.

French Broad—see Unta'kiyasti'yi.

Frogtown—see WalÂsi'yi.

Gadalu'lu—the proper name of the mountain known to the whites as Yonah (from yÂnÛ, “bear”), or upper Chattahoochee river, in White county, Georgia. The name has no connection with Tallulah (see Talulu'), and can not be translated.

Gadalu'tsi—in the corrupted form of Cataluchee this appears on the map as the name of a peak, or rather a ridge, on the line between Swain and Haywood counties, in North Carolina, and of a creek running down on the Haywood side into Big Pigeon river. It is properly the name of the ridge only and seems to refer to a “fringe standing erect,” apparently from the appearance of the timber growing in streaks along the side of the mountain; from wadalu'yata, fringe, gadÛ'ta, “standing up in a row or series.”

gahawi'sita—parched corn; improperly spelled wissactaw by Hawkins. See note under number 83.

GahÛti (GahÛ'ta and GwahÛ'ti in dialectic forms)—Cohutta mountain, in Murray county, Georgia. The name comes from gahÛtÂ'yi, “a shed roof supported on poles,” and refers to a fancied resemblance in the summit.

Gakati'yi—“Place of setting free”; sometimes spoken in the plural form, Diga'kati'yi, “Place of setting them free.” A point on Tuckasegee river about three miles above Bryson City, in Swain county, North Carolina. See number 122.

gaktÛÑ'ta—an injunction, command or rule, more particularly a prohibition or ceremonial tabu. Tsiga?te'gÛ, “I am observing an injunction, or tabu”; adakte'gi, “he is under tabu regulations.”

Galagi'na—a male deer (buck) or turkey (gobbler); in the first sense the name is sometimes used also for the large horned beetle (Dynastes tityus?). The Indian name of Elias Boudinot, first Cherokee editor. See page 111.

gali'sgisidÂ'hÛ—I am dancing about; from gali'sgia', “I am dancing,” and edÂhÛ', “I am going about.”

galÛÑkw'ti'yu—honored, sacred; used in the bible to mean holy, hallowed.

galÛÑ'lati—above, on high.

gane'ga—skin.

ganidawÂ'ski—the campion, catchfly or “rattlesnake’s master” (Silene stellata); the name signifies “it disjoints itself,” from ganidawÂskÛ', “it is unjointing itself,” on account of the peculiar manner in which the dried stalk breaks off at the joints.

GansÂ'gi (or GansÂgiyi)—the name of several former settlements in the old Cherokee country; it cannot be analyzed. One town of this name was upon Tuckasegee river, a short distance above the present Webster, in Jackson county, North Carolina; another was on the lower part of Canasauga creek, in McMinn county, Tennessee; a third was at the junction of Conasauga and Coosawatee rivers, where afterward was located the Cherokee capital, New Echota, in Gordon county, Georgia; a fourth, mentioned in the De Soto narratives as Canasoga or Canasagua, was located in 1540 on the upper Chattahoochee river, possibly in the neighborhood of Kenesaw mountain, Georgia (see page 197).

Gansa?ti'yi—“Robbing place,” from tsina'sahÛÑskÛ', “I am robbing him.” Vengeance creek of Valley river, in Cherokee county, North Carolina. The name Vengeance was originally a white man’s nickname for an old Cherokee woman, of forbidding aspect, who lived there before the Removal. See number 122.

Ganse?ti—a rattle; as the Cherokee dance rattle is made from a gourd the masculine name, Ganse?ti, is usually rendered by the whites, “Rattling-gourd.”

gatayÛsti—the wheel and stick game of the southern tribes, incorrectly called nettecawaw by Timberlake. See note under number 3.

GÂtegwÂ'—for GÂtegwÂ'hi, possibly a contraction of IgÂt(i)-egwÂ'hi, “Great-swamp (-thicket) place.” A high peak southeast from Franklin, Macon county, North Carolina, and perhaps identical with Fodderstack mountain. See number 75.

ga'tsÛ—see hatlÛ'.

Gatu'gitse'yi (abbreviated Gatu'gitse')—“New-settlement place,” from gatu'gi or sgatu'gi, town, settlement, itse'hi, new, especially applied to new vegetation, and yi, the locative. A former settlement on Cartoogaja creek of Little Tennessee river, above Franklin, in Macon county, North Carolina.

Gatuti'yi—“Town-building place,” or “Settlement place,” from gatu'gi, a settlement, and yi, locative. A place on Santeetla creek, near Robbinsville, in Graham county, North Carolina. See number 122.

GatÛÑ'lti'yi—“Hemp place,” from gatÛÑ'lati, “wild hemp” (Apocynum cannabinum), and yi, locative. A former Cherokee settlement, commonly known as Hemptown, on the creek of the same name, near Morganton, in Fannin county, Georgia.

GatÛÑ'wa?li—a noted western Cherokee about 1842, known to the whites as “Hard-mush” or “Big-mush.” GatÛÑ'wa?li, from ga'tu', “bread,” and ÛÑwa'?li, “made into balls or lumps,” is a sort of mush of parched corn meal, made very thick, so that it can be dipped out in lumps almost of the consistency of bread.

ge'i—down stream, down the road, with the current; tsÂ'gi, up stream.

gese'i—was; a separate word which, when used after the verb in the present tense, makes it past tense without change of form; in the form hi'gese'i it usually accompanies an emphatic repetition.

Ge?yagu'ga (for Age'hya-guga?)—a formulistic name for the moon (nÛÑ'da'); it cannot be analyzed, but seems to contain the word age'hya, “woman.” See also nÛÑ'da'.

giga—blood; cf. gi'gage'i, red.

gi'ga-danegi'ski—“blood taker,” from giga, blood, and ada'negi'ski, “one who takes liquids,” from tsi'negia', “I am taking it” (liquid). Another name for the tsÂne'ni or scorpion lizard. See number 59.

gi'gage'i—red, bright red, scarlet; the brown-red of certain animals and clays is distinguished as wÂ'dige'i.

gi'ga-tsuha'?li—“bloody-mouth,” literally, “having blood on the corners of his mouth”; from giga, blood, and tsuhanÛÑsi'yi, the corners of the mouth (aha'li, his mouth). A large lizard, probably the Pleistodon. See number 59.

gi?li'—dog; in the Lower dialect, gi?ri'.

Gi?li'-dinehÛÑ'yi—“Where the dogs live,” from gi?li', dog, dinehÛ', “they dwell” (ehÛ, “I dwell”), and yi, locative. A place on Oconaluftee river, a short distance above Cherokee, in Swain county, North Carolina. See number 122.

Gi?li'-utsÛÑ'stanuÑ'yi—“Where the dog ran,” from gi?li', dog, and utsÛÑ'stanÛÑ'yi, “footprints made by an animal running”; the Milky Way. See number 11.

ginÛnti—a song form for ginÛ'tii', “to lay him (animate object) upon the ground.” See number 75.

gi?ri'—see gi?li'.

GisehÛÑ'yi—“Where the female lives,” from agi'si, female, and yi, the locative. A place on Tuckasegee river, a short distance above Bryson City, Swain county, North Carolina. See number 122.

gitlÛ'—hair (Upper dialect); in the Middle and Lower dialects, gitsÛ'.

gitsÛ'—see gitlÛ'.

Glass, The—see Ta'gwadihi'.

Gohoma—A Lower Cherokee chief in 1684; the form cannot be identified. See page 31.

Going-snake—see I'nadÛna'i.

Gorhaleke—a Lower Cherokee chief in 1684; the form cannot be identified. See page 31.

Great island—see Amaye?l-e'gwa.

Gregory bald—see Tsistu'yi.

Guachoule—see Guaxule.

Guaquili (Wakili)—a town in the Cherokee country, visited by De Soto in 1540, and again in 1567 by Pardo, who calls it Aguaquiri (see pages 25 and 28). The name may have a connection with waguli', “whippoorwill,” or with u-)wÂ'gi?li, “foam.”

Guasula—see Guaxule.

Guasili—see Guaxule.

Guaxule—a town in the Cherokee country, visited by De Soto in 1540; variously spelled in the narratives, Guasili, Guachoule, Guasula, Guaxule, Quaxule, etc. It was probably about at Nacoochee mound, in White county, Georgia. It has been suggested that the Spaniards may have changed the Indian name to resemble that of a town in Spain. See pages 26 and 194.

gÛ'daye'wÛ—“I have sewed myself together”; “I am sewing,” tsiye'wia'; “I am sewing myself together,” gÛdayewiÛ. See number 31.

gugwe' (or g?gwe')—the quail or partridge; the name is an onomatope.

gugwe'-ulasu'la—“partridge moccasin,” from gugwe' or g?gwe', partridge, and ulasula, moccasin or shoe; the ladyslipper (Cypripedium).

GÛlÂhi'yi (abbreviated GÛlÂhi', or GÛrÂhi', in the Lower dialect)—“GÛlÂ'hi place,” so called from an unidentified spring plant eaten as a salad by the Cherokee. The name of two or more places in the old Cherokee country; one about Currahee mountain in Habersham county, Georgia, the other on Cullowhee river, an upper branch of Tuckasegee, in Jackson county, North Carolina. Currahee Dick was a noted chief about the year 1820.

GÛ'lani'yi—a Cherokee and Natchez settlement formerly about the junction of Brasstown creek with Hiwassee river, a short distance above Murphy, in Cherokee county, North Carolina. The etymology of the word is doubtful.

gule'—acorn.

gÛle'-diska?nihi'—the turtle-dove; literally, “it cries, or mourns, for acorns,” from gule', acorn, and diska?nihi', “it cries for them” (di-, plural prefix, -hi, habitual suffix). The turtle-dove feeds upon acorns and its cry somewhat resembles the name, gule'.

gÛle'gi—“climber,” from tsilahi', “I climb” (second person, hi'lahi'; third person, gÛlahi'); the blacksnake (Bascanion constrictor).

GÛl?kala'ski—An earlier name for Tsunu'lahÛÑ'ski, q. v.

gÛl?kwÂ'gi—seven; also the mole-cricket (Gryllotalpa). See number 59.

gÛl?kwÂ'gine(-i—seventh; from gÛl?kwÂgi, seven.

GÛlsadihi' (or GÛltsadihi'?)—a masculine personal name, of uncertain etymology.

Gumlog—see Tsilalu'hi.

gÛnahi'ta—long.

GÛ'nahitÛÑ'yi—“Long place” (i.e., Long valley), from gÛnahita, long, and yi, locative. A former settlement, known to the whites as Valleytown, where now is the town of the same name, on Valley river, in Cherokee county, North Carolina. The various settlements on Valley river and the adjacent part of Hiwassee were known collectively as the “Valley towns.”

GÛn'-di'gaduhÛÑ'yi (abbreviated GÛn'-digadu'hÛÑ)—“Turkey settlement” (gÛ'na, turkey), so called from the chief, Turkey or Little Turkey. A former settlement, known to the whites as Turkeytown, upon the west bank of Coosa river, opposite the present Center, in Cherokee county, Alabama.

gÛ'nÎ'—arrow. Cf. Seneca ga'na'.

gÛÑ'nage'i (or gÛÑ'nage)—black.

GÛÑne'hi—see NÛÑne'hi.

GÛÑskali'ski—a masculine personal name of uncertain etymology.

Gunters landing, Guntersville—see Ku'sa-NÛÑnÂ'hi.

GÛn-tsuskwa'?li—“Short arrows,” from gÛni', arrow, and tsuskwa'?li, plural of uskwa'?li, short; a traditional western tribe. See number 105.

GÛnÛÑ'da?le'gi—see NÛÑnÂ'hi-dihi'.

Gusti'—a traditional Cherokee settlement on Tennessee river, near Kingston, Roane county, Tennessee. See number 79. The name cannot be analyzed. Wafford thought it a Cherokee attempt at “Kingston,” but it seems rather to be aboriginal.

Gu'wisguwi'—The Cherokee name for the chief John Ross and for the district named in his honor, commonly spelled Cooweescoowee. Properly an onomatope for a large bird said to have been seen formerly at infrequent intervals in the old Cherokee country, accompanying the migratory wild geese, and described as resembling a large snipe, with yellow legs and unwebbed feet. In boyhood John Ross was known as Tsan'-usdi', “Little John.”

Gwal?gÂ'hi—“Frog place,” from gwal?gÛ, a variety of frog, and hi, locative. A place on Hiwassee river, just above the junction of Peachtree creek, near Murphy, in Cherokee county, North Carolina; about 1755 the site of a village of refugee Natchez, and later of a Baptist mission.

gwehe'!—a cricket’s cry. See number 119.

ha!—an introductory exclamation intended to attract attention or add emphasis; about equivalent to Here! Now!

ha'-ma'ma'—a song term compounded of ha! an introductory exclamation, and mama', a word which has no analysis, but is used in speaking to young children to mean “let me carry you on my back.” See number 117.

Hanging-maw—see UskwÂ'li-gÛ'ta.

ha'nia-lil'-lil'—an unmeaning dance refrain. See number 24.

Hard-mush—see GatÛÑ'wa?li.

ha'suyak'—a song form for hasuya'gi', “(thou) pick it out” (imperative); “I pick it out, or select it,” ga'suyagiÛ'; second person, ha'suyagiÛ'. See number 19.

ha'tlÛ—dialectic form, ga'tsÛ, “where?” (interrogative).

ha'wiye'ehi', ha'wiye'-hyuwe'—unmeaning dance refrains. See numbers 32 and 118.

hayÛ'—an emphatic affirmative, about equivalent to “Yes, sir!” See number 115.

hayuya'haniwa'—an unmeaning refrain in one of the bear songs. See number 75.

he-e!—an unmeaning song introduction.

Hemp-carrier—see TÂle'danigi'ski.

Hemptown—see GatÛÑlti'yi.

hi!—unmeaning dance exclamation.

hi'gina'lii—“(you are) my friend”; agina'lii, “(he is) my friend.” In white man’s jargon, canaly.

Hickory-log—see Wane'-asÛÑ'tlÛÑyi.

Hightower—see I'tawa'.

hila'gÛ?—how many? how much? (Upper dialect); the Middle dialect form is hÛÑgÛ'.

hilahi'yu—long ago; the final yu makes it more emphatic.

hi'lÛÑnÛ—“(thou) go to sleep”; from tsi'lihÛ', “I am asleep.”

hi'ski—five; cf. Mohawk wisk. The Cherokee numerals including 10 are as follows: sÂ'gwÛ, ta'li, tsÂ'i, nÛÑ'gi, hi'ski, su'tali, gÛl?kwÂ'gi, tsune'la, saÑne'la, askÂ'hi.

Hiwassee—see Ayuhwa'si.

hi'yagu'we—an unmeaning dance refrain. See number 32.

Houston, Samuel—see Ka'lanÛ.

hÛÑgÛ—see hila'gÛ.

huhu—the yellow-breasted chat, or yellow mocking bird (Icteria virens); the name is an onomatope. See number 45.

hÛÑyahu'ska—“he will die.”

hwi'lahi—“thou (must) go.”

igagÛ'ti—daylight. The name is sometimes applied to the ulÛÑsÛ'ti (q. v.), and also to the clematis vine.

i'hya—the cane reed (Arundinaria) of the Gulf states, used by the Indians for blowguns, fishing rods, and basketry.

ihyÂ'ga—see atsil'sÛÑ?ti.

i'nadÛ'—snake.

I'nadÛ-na'i—“Going-snake,” a Cherokee chief prominent about eighty years ago. The name properly signifies that the person is “going along in company with a snake,” the verbal part being from the irregular verb asta'i, “I am going along with him.” The name has been given to a district of the present Cherokee Nation.

i'nage'hi—dwelling in the wilderness, an inhabitant of the wilderness; from i'nage'i, “wilderness,” and ehi, habitual present form of ehÛ, “he is dwelling”; ge'Û, “I am dwelling.”

I'nage-utasÛÑ'hi—“He who grew up in the wilderness,” i. e. “He who grew up wild”; from i'nage'i, “wilderness, unoccupied timber land,” and utasÛÑ'hi, the third person perfect of the irregular verb, ga'tÛÑskÛ', “I am growing up.”

InÂ'li—Black-fox; the common red fox is tsu'la (in Muscogee, chula). Black-fox was principal chief of the Cherokee Nation in 1810. See page 86.

Iskagua—“Iakagua or Clear Sky, formerly Nenetooyah or the Bloody-Fellow.” The name appears thus in a document of 1791 as that of a Cherokee chief frequently mentioned about that period under the name of “the Bloody Fellow.” In one treaty it is given as “Eskaqua or Bloody Fellow.” Both forms and etymologies are doubtful, neither form seeming to have any reference either to “sky” (galÛÑ'lahi) or “blood” (gi'ga). The first may be intended for Ik-e'gwa, “Great-day.” See page 69.

Istanare—see U?stana'li.

I?sÛ'nigÛ—an important Cherokee settlement, commonly known to the whites as Seneca, formerly on Keowee river, about the mouth of Conneross creek, in Oconee county, South Carolina. Hopewell, the country seat of General Pickens, where the famous treaty was made, was near it on the east side of the river. The word cannot be translated, but has no connection with the tribal name, Seneca.

Itaba—see I'tawa'.

ItagÛ'nahi—the Cherokee name of John Ax.

I'tawa'—The name of one or more Cherokee settlements. One, which existed until the Removal in 1838, was upon Etowah river, about the present Hightower, in Forsyth county Georgia. Another may have been on Hightower creek of Hiwassee river in Towns county, Georgia. The name, commonly written Etowah and corrupted to Hightower, cannot be translated and seems not to be of Cherokee origin. A town called Itaba, Ytaua or Ytava in the De Soto chronicles existed in 1540 among the Creeks, apparently on Alabama river.

Itsa'ti—commonly spelled Echota, Chota, Chote, Choquata (misprint), etc; a name occurring in several places in the old Cherokee country: the meaning is lost. The most important settlement of this name, frequently distinguished as Great Echota, was on the south side of Little Tennessee river a short distance below Citico creek in Monroe county, Tennessee. It was the ancient capital and sacred “peace town” of the Nation. Little Echota was on Sautee (i. e., ItsÂ'ti) creek, a head stream of the Chattahoochee, west of Clarkesville, Georgia. New Echota, the capital of the Nation for some years before the Removal, was established at a spot originally known as Gansa'gi (q. v.) at the junction of the Oostanaula and Conasauga rivers, in Gordon county, Georgia. It was sometimes called Newtown. The old Macedonia mission on Soco creek, of the North Carolina reservation, is also known as ItsÂ'ti to the Cherokee, as was also the great Nacoochee mound. See Nagu?tsi'.

Itse'yi—“New green place” or “Place of fresh green,” from itse'hi, “green or unripe vegetation,” and yi, the locative; applied more particularly to a tract of ground made green by fresh-springing vegetation, after having been cleared of timber or burned over. A name occurring in several places in the old Cherokee country, variously written Echia, Echoee, Etchowee, and sometimes also falsely rendered “Brasstown,” from a confusion of Itse'yi with ÛÑtsaiyi', “brass.” One settlement of this name was upon Brasstown creek of Tugaloo river, in Oconee county, South Carolina; another was on Little Tennessee river near the present Franklin, Macon county, North Carolina, and probably about the junction of Cartoogaja (Gatug-itse'yi) creek; a third, known to the whites as Brasstown, was on upper Brasstown creek of Hiwassee river, in Towns county, Georgia. In Cherokee as in most other Indian languages no clear distinction is made between green and blue (sa?ka'nige'i).

i'ya—pumpkin.

iya'-iyu'sti—“like a pumpkin,” from iya and iyu'sti, like.

iya'-tawi'skage—“of pumpkin smoothness,” from i'ya, pumpkin, and tawi'skage, smooth.

Jackson—see Tsek'sini'.

Jessan—see Tsesa'ni.

Jesse Reid—see Tse'si-Ska'tsi.

Joanna bald—see DiyÂ'hali'yi.

Joara, Juada—see Ani'-Suwa'li.

John—see Tsa'ni.

John Ax—see ItagÛ'nahi.

Jolly, John—see Ahu'lude'gi.

Junaluska—see Tsunu'lahÛÑ'ski.

Jutaculla—see Tsul?kalÛ'.

kÂ'gÛ'—crow; the name is an onomatope.

KÂgÛÑ'yi—“Crow place,” from kÂ'gÛ', crow and yi, locative. See number 63.

ka'i—grease, oil.

Kala'asÛÑ'yi—“Where he fell off,” from tsila'askÛ', “I am falling off,” and yi, locative. A cliff near Cold Spring knob, in Swain county, North Carolina.

KÂ'lahÛ'—“All-bones,” from kÂ'lÛ, bone. A former chief of the East Cherokee, also known in the tribe as Sawanu'gi (Shawano), and to the whites as Sawnook or Flying-squirrel.

KÂ'lanÛ—“The Raven”; the name was used as a war title in the tribe and appears in the old documents as Corani (Lower dialect, KÂ'ranÛ) Colanneh, Colona, etc. It is the Cherokee name for General Samuel Houston or for any person named Houston.

KÂ'lanÛ Ahyeli'ski—the Raven Mocker. See number 120.

KÂ'lanÛÑ'yi—“Raven place,” from kÂ'lanÛ, raven, and yi, the locative. The proper name of Big-cove settlement upon the East Cherokee reservation, Swain county, North Carolina, sometimes also called Raventown.

kalÂs'-gÛnahi'ta—“long-hams” (gÛnahi'ta), “long”); a variety of bear. See number 15.

KÂl-detsi'yÛÑyi—“Where the bones are,” from kÂ'lÛ, bone, and detsi'yÛÑyi, “where (yi) they (de—plural prefix) are lying.” A spot near the junction of East Buffalo creek with Cheowa river, in Graham county, North Carolina. See number 122.

kama'ma—butterfly.

kama'ma u'tanÛ—elephant; literally “great butterfly,” from the resemblance of the trunk and ears to the butterfly’s proboscis and wings. See number 15.

kanahe'na—a sour corn gruel, much in use among the Cherokee and other southern tribes; the tamfuli or “Tom Fuller” of the Creeks.

kanane'ski—spider; also, from a fancied resemblance in appearance, a watch or clock; kanane'ski amaye'hi, the water spider.

Kana'sta, KanastÛÑ'yi—a traditional Cherokee settlement formerly on the headwaters of the French Broad river near the present Brevard, in Transylvania county, North Carolina. The meaning of the name is lost. A settlement called Cannostee or Cannastion is mentioned as existing on Hiwassee river in 1776. See number 82 and notes.

kanÂ'talu'hi—hominy cooked with walnut kernels.

Kana'ti— “Lucky Hunter”; a masculine name, sometimes abbreviated Kanat'. The word can not be analyzed, but is used as a third person habitual verbal form to mean “he is lucky, or successful, in hunting”; the opposite is u?kwa'legÛ, “unlucky, or unsuccessful, in hunting.” See number 3.

kanegwÂ'ti—the water-moccasin snake.

Kanu'ga—also written Canuga; a Lower Cherokee settlement, apparently on the waters of Keowee river in South Carolina, destroyed in 1761; also a traditional settlement on Pigeon river, probably near the present Waynesville, in Haywood county, North Carolina. See number 81 and notes. The name signifies “a scratcher,” a sort of bone-toothed comb with which ball-players are scratched upon their naked skin preliminary to applying the conjured medicine; de'tsinuga'skÛ, “I am scratching it.”

kanugÛ'?la (abbreviated nugÛ'?la)—“scratcher,” a generic term for the blackberry, raspberry, and other brier bushes. Cf. Kanu'ga.

Kanu'gÛ?lÂyi, or Kanu'gÛ?lÛÑ'yi—“Brier place,” from kanu'gÛ'?lÂ, brier (cf. Kanu'ga); a Cherokee settlement formerly on Nantahala river, about the mouth of Briertown creek, in Macon county, North Carolina.

kanÛÑ'nawÛ'—pipe.

KÂsdu'yi—“Ashes place,” from kÂsdu, ashes, and yi, the locative. A modern Cherokee name for the town of Asheville, in Buncombe county, North Carolina. The ancient name for the same site is Unta'kiyasti'yi, q.v.

KatÂl'sta—an East Cherokee woman potter, the daughter of the chief YÂnagÛÑ'ski. The name conveys the idea of lending, from tsiyÂtÂl'sta, “I lend it”; agatÂl'sta, “it is lent to him.”

KawÂn'-urÂ'sÛnyi (abbreviated KawÂn'-urÂ'sÛÑ in the Lower dialect)—“Where the duck fell” from kawÂ'na, duck, urÂ'sa (ulÂ'sa), “it fell,” and yi, locative. A point on Conneross creek (from KawÂn'-urÂ'sÛÑ), near Seneca, in Oconee county, South Carolina. See number 123.

Kawi'yi (abbreviated Kawi')—a former important Cherokee settlement, commonly known as Cowee, about the mouth of Cowee creek of Little Tennessee river, some 10 miles below Franklin, in Macon county, North Carolina. The name may possibly be a contraction of Ani'-Kawi'yi, “Place of the Deer clan.”

Keeowhee—see Keowee.

Kenesaw—see GansÂ'gi.

Keowee—the name of two or more former Cherokee settlements. One, sometimes distinguished as “Old Keowee,” the principal of the Lower Cherokee towns, was on the river of the same name, near the present Fort George, in Oconee county, South Carolina. Another, distinguished as New Keowee, was on the headwaters of Twelve-mile creek, in Pickens county, South Carolina. According to Wafford the correct form is KuwÂhi'yi, abbreviated KuwÂhi', “Mulberry-grove place”; says Wafford, “The whites murdered the name, as they always do.” Cf. KuwÂ'hi.

Ke'si-ka'gamÛ—a woman’s name, a Cherokee corruption of Cassie Cockram; ka'gamÛ is also the Cherokee corruption for “cucumber.”

Ketoowah—see Kitu'hwa.

Kittuwa—see Kitu'hwa.

Kitu'hwa—An important ancient Cherokee settlement formerly upon Tuckasegee river, and extending from above the junction of Oconaluftee down nearly to the present Bryson City, in Swain county, North Carolina. The name, which appears also as Kettooah, Kittoa, Kittowa, etc., has lost its meaning. The people of this and the subordinate settlements on the waters of the Tuckasegee were known as Ani'-Kitu'hwagi and the name was frequently extended to include the whole tribe. For this reason it was adopted in later times as the name of the Cherokee secret organization, commonly known to the whites as the Ketoowah society, pledged to the defense of Cherokee autonomy. See also historical notes 1 and 47.

kiyu?ga—ground-squirrel; te'wa, flying squirrel; salÂ'li, gray squirrel.

Klausuna—see Tlanusi'yi.

Knoxville—see KuwandÂ'tÂ?lÛÑ'yi.

kÛ!—an introductory exclamation, to fix attention, about equivalent to “Now!”

kukÛ'—“cymling”; also the “jigger weed,” or “pleurisy root” (Asclepias tuberosa). Coco creek of Hiwassee river, and Coker postoffice, in Monroe county Tennessee, derive their name from this word.

KÛlsetsi'yi (abbreviated KÛlse'tsi)—“Honey-locust place,” from kÛlse'tsi, honey-locust (Gleditschia) and yi locative; as the same word, kÛlse'tsi, is also used for “sugar,” the local name has commonly been rendered Sugartown by the traders. The name of several former settlement places in the old Cherokee country. One was upon Keowee river, near the present Fall creek, in Oconee county, South Carolina; another was on Sugartown or Cullasagee (KÛlse'tsi) creek, near the present Franklin, in Macon county, North Carolina; a third was on Sugartown creek, near the present Morganton, in Fannin county, Georgia.

Kunnesee—see Tsi'yu-gÛnsi'ni.

KÛnstÛtsi'yi—“Sassafras place,” from kÛnstÛ'tsi, sassafras, and yi, locative. A gap in the Great Smoky range, about the head of Noland creek, on the line between North Carolina and Sevier county, Tennessee.

kÛnu'nu (abbreviated kÛnun')—the bullfrog; the name is probably an onomatope; the common green frog is walÂ'si and there are also names for several other varieties of frogs and toads.

Kusa'—Coosa creek, an upper tributary of Nottely river, near Blairsville, Union county, Georgia. The change of accent from Ku'sa (Creek, see Ani'-Ku'sa) makes it locative. See page 383.

Ku'sa-nÛÑnÂ'hi—“Creek trail,” from Ku'sa, Creek Indian, and nÛÑnÂ'hi, path, trail; cf. SuwÂ'li-nÛÑnÂ'hi. A former important Cherokee settlement, including also a number of Creeks and Shawano, where the trail from the Ohio region to the Creek country crossed Tennessee river, at the present Guntersville, in Marshall county, Alabama. It was known to the traders as Creek-path, and later as Gunter’s landing, from a Cherokee mixed-blood named Gunter.

Ku'saweti'yi (abbreviated Ku'saweti')—“Old Creek place,” from Ku'sa, a Creek Indian (plural Ani'-Ku'sa), uwe'ti, old, and yi, locative. Coosawatee, an important Cherokee settlement formerly on the lower part of Coosawatee river, in Gordon county, Georgia. In one document the name appears, by error, Tensawattee. See page 382.

KuwÂ'hi—“Mulberry place,” from ku'wa, mulberry tree, and hi, locative; Clingman’s dome, about the head of Deep creek, on the Great Smoky range, between Swain county, North Carolina, and Sevier county, Tennessee. See also Keowee.

KuwandÂ'ta?lÛÑ'yi (abbreviated KuwandÂ'ta?lÛÑ)—“Mulberry grove,” from ku'wa, mulberry; the Cherokee name for the present site of Knoxville, in Knox county, Tennessee.

Kwa'li, KwalÛÑ'yi—Qualla or Quallatown, the former agency for the East Cherokee and now a postoffice station, just outside the reservation, on a branch of Soco creek, in Jackson county, North Carolina. It is the Cherokee form for “Polly,” and the station was so called from an old woman of that name who formerly lived near by; Kwa'li, “Polly,” KwalÛÑ'yi, “Polly’s place.” The reservation is locally known as the Qualla boundary.

kwandaya'hÛ—see da'liksta'.

lÂ'lÛ—the jar-fly (Cicada auletes). See number 59.

Little Carpenter, Little Cornplanter—see Ata'-gÛl?kalÛ.

Lloyd—see Da'si?giya'gi.

Long-hair—a Cherokee chief living with his band in Ohio in 1795. See page 79. The literal Cherokee translation of “Long-hair” is GitlÛ'-gÛnahi'ta, but it is not certain that the English name is a correct rendering of the Indian form. Cf. Ani'-GilÂ'hi.

Long island—see Amaye?li-gÛnahi'ta.

Lookout Mountain town—see Danda'ganÛ'.

Lowrey, Major George—see Agi?li.

Mayes, J. B.—see TsÂ'wa Gak'ski.

Memphis—see TsudÂ'talesÛÑ'yi.

Mialaquo—see Amaye?l-e'gwa.

Morgan—see ÂganstÂ'ta.

Moses—see Wa'si.

Moytoy—a Cherokee chief recognized by the English as “emperor” in 1730. Both the correct form and the meaning of the name are uncertain; the name occurs again as Moyatoy in a document of 1792; a boy upon the East Cherokee reservation a few years ago bore the name of Ma'tayi', for which no meaning can be given.

Muscle shoals—see DagÛ'nÂhi.

Nacoochee—see Na'gu?tsi'.

Na'dÛ?li'—known to the whites as Nottely. A former Cherokee settlement on Nottely river, close to the Georgia line, in Cherokee county, North Carolina. The name cannot be translated and has no connection with na?tÛ?li, “spicewood.”

Nagu?tsi'—a former important settlement about the junction of Soquee and Santee rivers, in Nacoochee valley, at the head of Chattahoochee river, in Habersham county, Georgia. The meaning of the word is lost and it is doubtful if it be of Cherokee origin. It may have some connection with the name of the Uchee Indians. The great mound farther up Sautee river, in White county, was known to the Cherokee as ItsÂ'ti, q. v.

nakwisi' (abbreviated nakw?si)—star; also the meadow lark.

nakwisi'usdi'—“little star”; the puff ball fungus (Lycoperdon?).

NÂ'na-tlu?gÛÑ'yi (abbreviated NÂ'na-tlu?gÛÑ', or NÂ'na-tsu?gÛÑ')—“Spruce-tree place,” from nÂ'na, spruce, tlu?gÛÑ'i or tsu?gÛÑ'i, a tree (standing) and yi, locative. 1. A traditional ancient Cherokee settlement on the site of Jonesboro, Washington county, Tennessee. The name of Nolichucky river is probably a corruption of the same word. 2. NÂna-tsu?gÛÑ, a place on Nottely river, close to its junction with Hiwassee, in Cherokee county, North Carolina.

Nanehi—see NÛÑne'hi.

Nantahala—see NÛÑdaye'?li.

Nashville—see DagÛ'nawe'lÂhi.

Natchez—see Ani'-Na?tsi.

Na?ts-asÛÑ'tlÛÑyi (abbreviated Na?ts-asÛÑ'tlÛÑ)—“Pine-footlog place,” from na?tsi, pine, asÛÑ'tli or asÛÑtlÛÑ'i, footlog, bridge, and yi, locative. A former Cherokee settlement, commonly known as Pinelog, on the creek of the same name, in Bartow county, Georgia.

na?tsi—pine.

na'tsikÛ'—“I eat it” (tsi'kiÛ', “I am eating”).

na?tÛ?li—spicewood (Lindera benzoin).

Naye'hi—see NÛÑne'hi.

Nayunuwi—see NÛÑyunu'wi.

nehanduyanÛ'—a song form for nehadu'yanÛ', an irregular verbal form denoting “conceived in the womb.” See number 75.

Nellawgitehi—given as the name of a Lower Cherokee chief in 1684. See page 31. The correct form and meaning are both uncertain, but the final part seems to be the common suffix dihi'—, “killer,” Cf. Ta'gwadihi'.

Nenetooyah—see Iskagua.

Nequassee—see Ni'kwasi'.

Nettecawaw—see gatayÛ'sti.

Nettle-carrier—see TÂle'danigi'ski.

New Echota, Newtown—see ItsÂ'ti.

Nickajack—see Nikutse'gi.

Nicotani—see Ani'-Kuta'ni.

Nikwasi' (or Nikw'si')—an important ancient settlement on Little Tennessee river, where now is the town of Franklin, in Macon county, North Carolina. A large mound marks the site of the townhouse. The name appears in old documents as Nequassee, Nucassee, etc. Its meaning is lost.

Nikutse'gi (also NÛkatse'gi, Nikwatse'gi, or abbreviated Nikutseg')—Nickajack, an important Cherokee settlement about 1790 on the south bank of Tennessee river at the entrance of Nickajack creek, in Marion county, Tennessee. One of the five Chickamauga towns (see Tsikama'gi). The meaning of the word is lost and it is probably not of Cherokee origin, although it occurs also in the tribe as a man’s name. In the corrupted form of “Nigger Jack,” it occurs also as the name of a creek of Cullasagee river above Franklin, in Macon county, North Carolina.

Nilaque—see Amaye?l-e'gwa.

Nolichucky—see NÂ'natlu?gÛÑ'yi.

Notchy—a creek entering Tellico river, in Monroe county, Tennessee. The name evidently refers to Natchez Indian refugees, who formerly lived in the vicinity (see Ani'-Na?tsi).

Nottely—see Na'dÛ?li'.

nÛ—used as a suffix to denote “and,” or “also”; Û'le-?nÛ, “and also”; na'ski?-nÛ', “and that,” “that also.”

Nucassee—see Nikwasi'.

nu'dÛÑnelÛ'—he did so and so; an irregular form apparently connected with the archaic forms adÛÑni'ga, “it has just become so,” and udÛÑnÛ', “it is matured, or finished.” See number 118.

nÛÑ'da'—the sun or moon, distinguished as nÛÑ'da' ige'hi, “nÛÑ'dÃ' dwelling in the day,” and nÛÑ'da' sÛÑnÂ'yehi, “nÛÑ'da' dwelling in the night.” In the sacred formulas the moon is sometimes called Ge?yagu'ga, q. v., or Su'talidihi', “Six-killer,” names apparently founded upon myths now lost.

nÛÑ'da'-dika?ni—a rare bird formerly seen occasionally in the old Cherokee country, possibly the little blue heron (Floridus cerulea). The name seems to mean “it looks at the sun,” i. e., “sun-gazer,” from nÛÑ'da', sun, and da'ka?na' or detsi'ka?na, “I am looking at it.” See number 35.

NÛÑ'dÂgÛÑ'yi, NÛÑdÂ'yi—the Sun land, or east; from nÛÑda', sun, and yi, locative. Used in the sacred formulas instead of di'galÛÑgÛÑ'yi, “where it rises,” the common word.

NÛÑ'daye?li—“Middle (i. e. Noonday) sun,” from nÛÑda', sun and aye?li, middle; a former Cherokee settlement on Nantahala river, near the present Jarrett station, in Macon county, North Carolina, so called from the high cliffs which shut out the view of the sun until nearly noon. The name appears also as Nantahala, Nantiyallee, Nuntialla, etc. It appears to have been applied properly only to the point on the river where the cliffs are most perpendicular, while the settlement itself was known as Kanu'gÛ?lÂ'yi, “Briertown,” q. v. See number 122.

Nugatsa'ni—a ridge sloping down to Oconaluftee river, below Cherokee, in Swain county, North Carolina. The word is an archaic form denoting a high ridge with a long gradual slope. See number 122.

nÛÑ'gi'—four. See hi'ski.

nugÛ?la—see kanugÛ?la.

Nuhnayie—see NÛÑne'hi.

nu'na—potato; the name was originally applied to the wild “pig potato” (Phaseolus), now distinguished as nu'na igÂtehi, “swamp-dwelling potato.”

NÛndawe'gi—see Ani'-NÛndawe'gi.

nÛÑnÂ'hi (abbreviated nÛÑnÂ)—a path, trail or road.

NÛÑnÂ'hi-dihi' (abbreviated NÛÑ'nÂ-dihi')—“Path-killer,” literally, “He kills (habitually) in the path,” from nÛÑ'nÂhi, path, and ahihi, “he kills” (habitually); “I am killing,” tsi'ihÛ'. A principal chief, about the year 1813. Major John Ridge was originally known by the same name, but afterward took the name, GÛnÛÑ'da?le'gi, “One who follows the ridge,” which the whites made simply Ridge.

NÛnnÂ'hi-tsune'ga (abbreviated) NÛÑnÂ-tsune'ga—“White-path,” from nÛÑnÂ'hi, path, and tsune'ga, plural of une'ga, white; the form is in the plural, as is common in Indian names, and has probably a symbolic reference to the “white” or peaceful paths spoken of in the opening invocation at the Green corn dance. A noted chief who led the conservative party about 1828. See pages 113, 132.

NÛÑne'hi (also GÛÑne'hi; singular Naye'hi)—a race of invisible spirit people. The name is derived from the verb e'hÛ', “I dwell, I live,” e'hi', “I dwell habitually,” and may be rendered “dwellers anywhere,” or “those who live anywhere,” but implies having always been there, i. e., “Immortals.” It has been spelled Nanehi and Nuhnayie by different writers. The singular form Naye'hi occurs also as a personal name, about equivalent to Eda'hi, “One who goes about.” See number 78.

nuniyu'sti—“potato-like,” from nu'na, potato, and iyu'sti, like. A flowering vine with tuberous root somewhat resembling the potato. See number 126.

nÛÑyÛ'—rock, stone. Cf. nÂyu, sand

NÛÑyÛ'-gÛÑwani'ski—“Rock that talks,” from nÛÑyÛ', rock, and tsiwa'nihÛ, “I am talking.” A rock from which Talking-rock creek of Coosawatee river in Georgia derives its name. See number 125.

NÛÑ'yunu'wi—contracted from NÛÑyÛ-unu'wi. “Stone-clad,” from nÛÑyÛ, rock, and agwanu'wÛ, “I am clothed or covered.” A mythic monster, invulnerable by reason of his stony skin. See number 67. The name is also applied sometimes to the stinging ant, dasÛÑtÂli atatsÛÑski, q. v. It has also been spelled Nayunuwi.

NÛÑyÛ'-tlu?gÛÑi (or NÛÑyÛ-tsu?gÛÑ'i)—“Tree rock.” A notable rock on Hiwassee river, just within the North Carolina line. See number 66 and notes.

NÛÑyÛ'-tawi'ska—“Slick rock,” from nÛÑyÛ', rock, and tawiska, smooth, slick; the form remains unchanged for the locative. 1. Slick-rock creek, entering Little Tennessee river just within the west line of Graham county, North Carolina. 2. A place at the extreme head of Brasstown creek of Hiwassee river, in Towns county, Georgia.

Ocoee—see UwagÂ'hi.

Oconaluftee—see EgwÂnul?ti.

Oconee—see UkwÛ'nÛ.

Oconostota—see ÂganstÂ'ta.

Old Tassel—see Utsi'dsata'.

Ooltewah—see UltiwÂ'i.

Oolunsade—see UlÛÑsÛ'ti.

Oostanaula—see U stana'li.

Oostinaleh—see U stana'li.

Oothcaloga—see Uy?gilÂ'gi.

Otacite, Otassite—see Outacity.

Otari, Otariyatiqui—mentioned as a place, apparently on the Cherokee frontier, visited by Pardo in 1567. Otari seems to be the Cherokee Âtari or Âtali, mountain, but the rest of the word is doubtful. See page 28.

Ottare—see Â'tali.

Owasta—given as the name of a Cherokee chief in 1684; the form cannot be identified. See page 31.

Ougillogy—see Uy?gilÂ'gi.

Outacity—given in documents as the name or title of a prominent Cherokee chief about 1720. It appears also as Otacite, Otassite, Outassatah, Wootassite and Wrosetasatow (!), but the form cannot be identified, although it seems to contain the personal name suffix dihi', “killer.” Timberlake says (page 71): “There are some other honorary titles among them, conferred in reward of great actions; the first of which is Outacity or Man-killer, and the second Colona or the Raven.”

Outassatah—see Outacity.

Owassa—see Ayuhwa'si.

Paint-town—see Ani'-WÂ'dihi'.

Path-killer—see NÛÑnÂ'hi-dihi'.

Phoenix, Cherokee—see Tsule'hisanÛÑ'hi.

Pigeon River—see WÂyi.

Pine Indians—see Ani'-Na?tsi.

Pinelog—see Na?ts-asÛÑ'tlÛÑyi.

Qualatchee—a former Cherokee settlement on the headwaters of the Chattahoochee river in Georgia; another of the same name was upon the waters of Keowee river in South Carolina. The correct form is unknown.

Qualla—see Kwali.

Quaxule—see Guaxule.

Quinahaqui—a place, possibly in the Cherokee country, visited by Pardo in 1567. The form cannot be identified. See page 28.

Quoneashee—see Tlanusi'yi.

Rattlesnake springs—see Utsanatiyi.

Rattling-gourd—see Ganse?ti.

Raventown—see KÂlanÛÑ'yi.

Red Clay—see ElawÂ'diyi.

Reid, Jesse—see Tse'si-Ska'tsi.

Ridge, Major John—see NÛÑnÂ'hi-dihi.

Ross, John—see Gu'wisguwi'.

Ross’ landing—see Tsatanu'gi.

Sadayi'—a feminine name, the proper name of the woman known to the whites as Annie Ax; it cannot be translated.

SÂgwÂ'hi, or SÂgwÛÑ'yi—“One place,” from sÂ'gwÛ, one, and hi or yi, locative. Soco creek of Oconaluftee river, on the East Cherokee reservation, in Jackson county, North Carolina. No satisfactory reason is given for the name, which has its parallel in TsÂskÂ'hi, “Thirty place,” a local name in Cherokee county, in the same state.

sÂ'gwali', horse; from asÂgwÂlihÛ, a pack or burden, asÂgwullÛ'; “there is a pack on him.”

sÂ'gwali digÛ'lanahi'ta—mule; literally “long eared horse,” from sÂ'gwali, horse, and digÛ'lanahi'ta, q. v.

SÂkwi'yi (or Suki'yi; abbreviated SÂkwi' or Suki')—a former settlement on Soquee river, a head-stream of Chattahoochee, near Clarkesville, Habersham county, Georgia. Also written Saukee and Sookee. The name has lost its meaning.

salÂ'li—squirrel; the common gray squirrel; other varieties are kiyu?ga, the ground squirrel, and tewa, the flying squirrel. SalÂ'li was also the name of an East Cherokee inventor who died a few years ago; SalÂ'lani'ta, “Young-squirrels,” is a masculine personal name on the reservation.

saligu'gi—turtle, the common water turtle; soft-shell turtle, u?lana'wa; land tortoise or terrapin, tÛksi'.

salikwÂ'yi—bear-grass (Eryngium); also the greensnake, on account of a fancied resemblance; the name of a former Cherokee settlement on Sallacoa creek of Coosawatee river, in Gordon county, Georgia.

Sa'nigilÂ'gi (abbreviated San?gilÂ'gi)—Whiteside mountain, a prominent peak of the Blue ridge, southeast from Franklin, Macon county, North Carolina. It is connected with the tradition of U?tlÛÑ'ta (see number 66 and notes).

Santeetla—the present map name of a creek joining Cheowa river in Graham county, North Carolina, and of a smaller tributary (Little Santeetla). The name is not recognized or understood by the Cherokee, who insist that it was given by the whites. Little Santeetla is known to the Cherokee as Tsunda?nilti'yi, q. v.; the main Santeetla creek is commonly known as NÂgu'hi geyÛÑ'i, “Sand-place stream,” from NÛyu'hii, “Sand place” (nÂyu, sand), a former settlement just above the junction of the two creeks.

Sara—see Ani'-Suwa'li.

sa'sa'—goose; an onomatope.

Sautee—see ItsÂ'ti.

Savannah—the popular name of this river is derived from that of the Shawano Indians, formerly living upon its middle course, and known to the Cherokee as Ani'-Sawanu'gi, q. v., to the Creeks as Savanuka, and to some of the coast tribes of Carolina as Savanna. In old documents the river is also called Isundiga, from I?sÛ'nigÛ or Seneca, q. v., an important former Cherokee settlement upon its upper waters. See number 99.

Sawanu'gi—“Shawano” (Indian); a masculine personal name upon the East Cherokee reservation and prominent in the history of the band. See Ani'-Sawanu'gi and KÂ'lahÛ'.

Sawnook—see KÂ'lahÛ'.

Sehwate'yi—“Hornet place,” from se'hwatÛ, hornet, and yi, locative. Cheowa Maximum and Swim bald, adjoining bald peaks at the head of Cheowa river, Graham county, North Carolina. See number 122.

selu—corn; sometimes called in the sacred formulas Agawe'la, “The Old Woman.” See number 126.

sel-utsi' (for selu-utsi')—“corn’s mother,” from selu, corn and utsi', his mother (etsi' or agitsi', my mother); the bead-corn or Job’s-tears (Coix lacryma). See number 126.

Seneca—see Ani'-NÛn'dawe'gi (Seneca tribe), and I?sÛ'nigÛ, (Seneca town).

Sequatchee—see Si'gwetsi'.

Sequoya—see SikwÂyi.

Se?tsi—a mound and traditional Cherokee settlement on the south side of Valley river, about three miles below Valleytown, in Cherokee county, North Carolina; the name has lost its meaning. See number 79. A settlement called Tase?tsi (Tassetchie in some old documents) existed on the extreme head of Hiwassee river, in Towns county, Georgia.

Sevier—see Tsan'-usdi'.

Shoe-boots—see Da'si?giya'gi.

Shooting creek—see Du'staya?lÛÑy'yi.

Si'gwetsi'—a traditional Cherokee settlement on the south bank of the French Broad river, not far from Knoxville, Knox county, Tennessee. Near by was the quarry from which it is said the stone for the white peace pipes was obtained. See number 111 and notes. Sequatchee, the name of the river below Chattanooga, in Tennessee, is probably a corruption of the same word.

si'kwa—hog; originally the name of the opossum, now distinguished as si'kwa utset'sti, q. v.

si'kwa utset'sti—opossum: literally “grinning hog,” from si'kwa, hog, and utset'sti, “he grins (habitually).” Cf. sikwa.

SikwÂ'yi—a masculine name, commonly written Sequoya, made famous as that of the inventor of the Cherokee alphabet. See page 108. The name, which can not be translated, is still in use upon the East Cherokee reservation.

Sikwi'a—a masculine name, the Cherokee corruption for Sevier. See also Tsan-usdi'.

sinnawah—see tla'nuwa.

Si'tikÛ' (or sÛ'tagÛ', in dialectic form)—a former Cherokee settlement on Little Tennessee river at the entrance of Citico creek, in Monroe county, Tennessee. The name, which can not be translated, is commonly spelled Citico, but appears also as Sattiquo, Settico, Settacoo, Sette, Sittiquo, etc.

siyu'—see Â'siyu'.

skintÂ'—for skin'tÂgÛ', understood to mean “put a new tooth into my jaw.” The word can not be analyzed, but is derived from gantka' (ganta?ga in a dialectic form) a tooth in place; a tooth detached is kayu?ga. See number 15.

Skwan'-digÛ?gÛÑ'yÎ (for Askwan'-digÛ?gÛÑ'yi)—“Where the Spaniard is in the water [or other liquid]”. A place on Upper Soco creek, on the reservation in Jackson county, North Carolina. See number 122.

Slick rock—see NÛÑyÛ'-tawi'ska.

Smith, N. J.—see Tsaladihi'.

Snowbird—see Tuti'yi.

Soco creek—see SÂgwÂ'hi.

Soco gap—see Ahalu'na.

Soquee—see SÂkwi'yi.

Spray, H. W.—see Wilsini'.

Spring-Frog—see Du'stu'.

Standing Indian—see YÛÑwi-tsulenÛÑ'yi.

Stand Watie—see De'gatÂga.

Stekoa—see StikÂ'yi.

ste'tsi—your daughter; literally, your offspring; agwe'tsi, “my offspring”; uwe'tsi, “his offspring”; to distinguish sex it is necessary to add asga'ya, “man” or age'hya, “woman.”

StikÂ'yi (variously spelled Stecoe, Steecoy, Stekoah, Stickoey, etc.)—the name of several former Cherokee settlements: 1. On Sticoa creek, near Clayton, Rabun county, Georgia; 2. on Tuckasegee river at the old Thomas homestead just above the present Whittier, in Swain county, North Carolina; 3. on Stekoa creek of Little Tennessee river, a few miles below the junction of Nantahala, in Graham county, North Carolina. The word has lost its meaning.

Stringfield—see TlÂge'si.

stugi'sti, stui'sti—a key; see page 187 and under Astu'gatÂ'ga.

Suck, The—see ÛÑ'tiguhi'.

Sugartown—see KÛlse'tsi'yi.

sÛ'nawa'—see tla'nuwa.

sÛnestlÂ'ta—“split noses”; see tsunÛ?liyÛ' sÛnestlÂ'ta.

sÛÑgi—mink; also onion; the name seems to refer to a smell; the various mints are called generically, gaw?sÛÑ'gi. See number 29.

Suki'yi—another form of SÂkwi'yi, q.v.

su'li'—buzzard; the Creek name is the same.

Sun land—see NÛÑ'da'yi.

su'-sa'-sai'—an unmeaning song refrain. See number 66.

su'talidihi'—see nÛÑ'da'.

Suwa'li—see Ani'-Suwa'li.

Suwa'li-nÛÑnÂ'hi (abbreviated Suwa'li-nÛÑnÂ'hi)—“Suwali trail,” the proper name for the gap at the head of Swannanoa (from Suwa'li-NÛÑ'nÂ) river, east of Asheville, in Buncombe county, North Carolina. Cf. Ku'sa-nÛÑnÂ'hi. See pages 194 and 379, also Ani'-Suwa'li.

Suwa?ni—a former Cherokee settlement on Chattahoochee river, about the present Suwanee, in Gwinnett county, Georgia. The name has no meaning in the Cherokee language and is said to be of Creek origin. See page 382.

Suye'ta—“The Chosen One,” from asuye'ta, “he is chosen,” gasu'yeÛ, “I am choosing”; the same form, suye'ta, could also mean mixed, from gasu'yahÛ, “I am mixing it.” A masculine name, at present borne by a prominent ex-chief and informant upon the East Cherokee reservation.

Swannanoa—see Suwa'li-nÛÑnÂ'hi.

Swim bald—see Sehwate'yi.

Swimmer—see A?yÛÑ'ini.

tadeyÂ'statakÛhi'—“we shall see each other.” See number 75.

Tae-keo-ge—see Ta?ski'gi.

ta'gÛ—the June-bug (Allorhina nitida), also called tu'ya-diskalaw'sti'ski, “one who keeps fire under the beans.” See number 59.

Ta'gwa—see Ani'ta'gwa.

Ta'gwadihi' (abbreviated Ta'gwadi')—“Catawba-killer,” from Ata'gwa or Ta'gwa, Catawba Indian, and dihihi, “he kills them” (habitually) from tsi'ihÛ', “I kill.” An old masculine personal name, still in use upon the East Cherokee reservation. It was the proper name of the chief known to the whites about 1790 as “The Glass,” from a confusion of this name with adake'?ti, glass, or mirror.

TagwÂ'hi—“Catawba place,” from Ata'gwa or Ta'gwa, Catawba Indian, and hi, locative. A name occurring in several places in the old Cherokee country. A settlement of this name, known to the whites as Toccoa, was upon Toccoa creek, east of Clarkesville, in Habersham county, Georgia; another was upon Toccoa or Ocoee river, about the present Toccoa, in Fannin county, Georgia; a third may have been on Persimmon creek, which is known to the Cherokee as TagwÂ'hi, and enters Hiwassee river some distance below Murphy, in Cherokee county, North Carolina.

Tahkeyostee—see Unta'kiyasti'yi.

Tahlequah—see Talikwa'.

Tahchee—see Tatsi'.

Takatoka—see De'gatÂ'ga.

ta'ladu' (abbreviated taldu')—twelve, from ta'li, two. Cf. tala'tu, cricket.

Ta?lasi'—a former Cherokee settlement on Little Tennessee river, about Talassee ford, in Blount county, Tennessee. The name has lost its meaning.

Talassee—see Ta?lasi'.

tala'tu—cricket; sometimes also called dita'staye'ski (q. v.), “the barber.” Cf. ta'ladu', twelve.

TÂle'danigi'ski (UtÂle'danigi'si, in a dialectic form)—variously rendered by the whites “Hemp-carrier,” “Nettle-carrier” or “Flax-toter,” from tÂle'ta or utÂle'ta, flax (Linum) or rich weed (Pilea pumila), and danigi'ski, “he carries them (habitually).” A former prominent chief on Valley river, in Cherokee county, North Carolina. See number 95 and notes.

Talihina—given as the name of the Cherokee wife of Samuel Houston; the form cannot be identified. See page 223.

Talikwa' (commonly written Tellico, Telliquo or, in the Indian Territory, Tahlequah)—the name of several Cherokee settlements at different periods, viz: 1. Great Tellico, at Tellico Plains, on Tellico river, in Monroe county, Tennessee; 2. Little Tellico, on Tellico creek of Little Tennessee river, about ten miles below Franklin, in Macon county, North Carolina; 3. a town on Valley river, about five miles above Murphy, in Cherokee county, North Carolina; 4. Tahlequah, established as the capital of the Cherokee Nation, Indian Territory, in 1839. The meaning of the name is lost.

Tali'wa—the site of a traditional battle between the Cherokee and Creeks about 1755, on Mountain (?) creek of Etowah river in upper Georgia. Probably not a Cherokee but a Creek name from the Creek ta'lua or ita'lua, town. See pages 38 and 384–385.

Talking-rock—see NÛÑyÛ'-gÛÑwani'ski.

Tallulah—see Talulu'.

Tal-tsu'ska'— “Two-heads,” from ta'li, two, and tsu'ska', plural of uska', (his) head. A Cherokee chief about the year 1800, known to the whites as Doublehead.

taluli—pregnant; whence aluli', (she is) a mother, said of a woman.

Talulu' (commonly written Tallulah, and appearing in old documents, from the Lower dialect, as Taruraw, Toruro, Turoree, etc.)—a name occurring in two or more places in the old Cherokee country, viz: 1. An ancient settlement on the upper part of Tallulah river, in Rabun county, Georgia; 2. a town on Tallulah creek of Cheowa river, in Graham county, North Carolina. The word is of uncertain etymology. The dulu'si frog is said to cry talulu'. See number 125. The noted falls upon Tallulah river are known to the Cherokee as UgÛÑ'yi, q. v.

Taluntiski—see Ata'lÛÑti'ski.

Tama?li—a name, commonly written Tomotley or Tomatola, occurring in at least two places in the old Cherokee country, viz: 1. On Valley river, a few miles above Murphy, about the present Tomatola, in Cherokee county, North Carolina; 2. on Little Tennessee river, about Tomotley ford, a few miles above Tellico river, in Monroe county, Tennessee. The name can not be translated, and may be of Creek origin, as that tribe had a town of the same name upon the lower Chattahoochee river.

Tanasi'—a name which can not be analyzed, commonly spelt Tennessee, occurring in several places in the old Cherokee country, viz: 1. On Little Tennessee river, about halfway between Citico and Toco creeks, in Monroe county, Tennessee; 2. “Old Tennessee town,” on Hiwassee river, a short distance above the junction of Ocoee, in Polk county, Tennessee; 3. on Tennessee creek, a head-stream of Tuckasegee river, in Jackson county, North Carolina. Tanasqui, visited by Pardo in 1567 (see page 29), may have been another place of the same name. See number 124.

Tanasqui—see Tanasi.

Ta?ski'gi (abbreviated from Ta?skigi'yi or Da?skigi'yi, the locative yi being commonly omitted)—a name variously written Tae-keo-ge (misprint), Tasquiqui, Teeskege, Tuscagee, Tuskegee, etc. derived from that of a foreign tribe incorporated with the Cherokee, and occurring as a local name both in the Cherokee and in the Creek country. 1. The principal settlement of this name was on Little Tennessee river, just above the junction of Tellico, in Monroe county, Tennessee; 2. another was on the north bank of Tennessee river, just below Chattanooga, Tennessee; 3. another may have been on Tuskegee creek of Little Tennessee river, near Robbinsville, Graham county, North Carolina. See page 29 and number 105.

Tasquiqui—see Ta?ski'gi.

Tassel, Old—see Utsi'dsata'.

Tatsi'—“Dutch,” also written Tahchee, a western Cherokee chief about 1830. See page 141.

tatsu'hwa—the redbird.

tawa'li—punk.

Tawa'li-ukwanÛÑ'ti—“Punk-plugged-in,” from tawa'li, punk; the Cherokee name of a traditional Shawano chief. See number 100.

tawi'ska, tawi'skage—smooth, slick.

Tawi'skala—“Flint”; a Cherokee supernatural, the personification of the rock flint; tawi'skalÛÑ'i, tawi'skala, flint, from tawi'ska, smooth, slick; cf. Iroquois TawiskaroÑ. See number 25 and notes.

TayÛnksi—a traditional western tribe; the name can not be analyzed. See number 105.

Tellico—see Talikwa'.

telÛÑ'lati—the summer grape (Vitis Æstivalis).

Tensawattee—see Ku'saweti'yi.

Terrapin—see TÛksi'.

tewa—flying squirrel; salÂ'li, gray squirrel; kiyu?ga, ground squirrel.

Thomas, W. H.—see Wil-usdi'.

Tikwali'tsi—a name occurring in several places in the old Cherokee country, viz: 1. Tuckalegee creek, a tributary of War-woman creek, east of Clayton, in Rabun county, Georgia; 2. the Tikwali'tsi of the story, an important town on Tuckasegee river at the present Bryson City, in Swain county, North Carolina; 3. Tuckalechee cove, on Little river, in Blount county, Tennessee, which probably preserves the aboriginal local name. The name appears in old documents as Tuckarechee (Lower dialect) and Tuckalegee, and must not be confounded with Tsiksi'tsi or Tuckasegee. It can not be translated. See number 100 and notes.

Timossy—see Tomassee.

TlÂge'si—“Field”; the Cherokee name for Lieutenant-Colonel W. W. Stringfield of Waynesville, North Carolina, one of the officers of the Cherokee contingent in the Thomas Legion. It is an abbreviated rendering of his proper name.

tlÂge'sitÛÑ'—a song form for tlÂge'si a-stÛÑ'i, “on the edge of the field,” from tlÂge'si, or tsÂge'si, field, and astÛÑ'i, edge, border, etc; ama'yastÛÑ', “the bank of a stream.” See number 24.

tla'meha—bat (dialectic forms, tsa'meha, tsa'weha). See page 187.

tlanu'si'—leech (dialectic form, tsanu'si'). See page 187.

Tlanusi'yi (abbreviated Tlanusi')—“Leech place,” a former important settlement at the junction of Hiwassee and Valley rivers, the present site of Murphy, in Cherokee county, North Carolina; also a point on Nottely river, a few miles distant, in the same county. See number 77 and notes. The name appears also as Clennuse, Klausuna, Quoneashee, etc.

tla'nuwa' (dialectic forms, tsanuwa', sÛ'nawa', “sinnawah”—Adair)—a mythic great hawk. See numbers 35, 64, 65, also page 187.

tla'nuwa' usdi'—“little tla'nuwa'”; probably the goshawk (Astur atricapillus). See number 35.

Tla'nuwa'-atsiyelÛÑ'isÛÑ'yi—“Where the Tla'nuwa cut it up,” from tla'nuwa', q. v., and tsiyelÛÑ'iskÛ', an archaic form for tsigÛÑilÛÑ'iskÛ', “I am cutting it up.” A place on Little Tennessee river, nearly opposite the entrance of Citico creek, in Blount county, Tennessee. See number 64 and notes.

Tla'nuwa'i—“Tla'nuwa place,” a cave on the north side of Tennessee river a short distance below the entrance of Citico creek, in Blount county, Tennessee. See number 64 and notes.

tlay'kÛ'—jay (dialectic form, tsay'kÛ'). See page 187.

tlÛÑti'sti—the pheasant (Bonasa umbella), called locally grouse or partridge.

tlutlu'—the martin bird (dialectic form, tsutsu'). See page 187.

tsÛÑtÛ'tsi—panther (dialectic form, tsÛÑtÛ'tsi). See page 187.

Tocax—a place, apparently in the Cherokee country, visited by Pardo in 1567 (see page 29). It may possibly have a connection with Toxaway (see DÛksa'i) or Toccoa (see TagwÂ'hi).

Toccoa—see TagwÂ'hi.

Toco—see DakwÂ'i.

Tollunteeskee—see Ata'lÛÑti'ski.

Tomassee (also written Timossy and Tymahse)—the name of two or more former Cherokee settlements, viz: 1. On Tomassee creek of Keowee river, in Oconee county, South Carolina; 2. on Little Tennessee river near the entrance of Burningtown creek, in Macon county, South Carolina. The correct form and interpretation are unknown.

Tomatola, Tomotley—see Tama?li.

Tooantuh—see Du'stu'.

Toogelah—see Dugilu'yi.

Toqua—see DakwÂ'i.

Toxaway—see DÛksa'i.

Track Rock gap—see Datsu'nalÂsgÛÑ'yi.

Tsaga'si—a Cherokee sprite. See number 78.

tsÂ'gi—upstream, up the road; the converse of ge'i. See number 117.

Tsaiyi'—see ÛÑtsaiyi'.

Tsa'ladihi'—Chief N. J. Smith of the East Cherokee. The name might be rendered “Charley-killer,” from Tsali, “Charley,” and dihi', “killer” (in composition), but is really a Cherokee equivalent for Jarrett (Tsaladi), his middle name, by which he was frequently addressed. Cf. Tagwadihi.

tsÂl-agayÛÑ'li—“old tobacco,” from tsÂlÛ, tobacco, and agayÛÑ'li, or agÂyÛÑ'lige, old, ancient; the Nicotiana rustica or wild tobacco. See number 126.

Tsa'lagi' (Tsa'ragi' in Lower dialect)—the correct form of Cherokee. See page 182, “Tribal Synonymy.”

Tsa'li—Charley; a Cherokee shot for resisting the troops at the time of the Removal. See page 131.

tsÂliyu'sti—“tobacco-like,” from tsÂlÛ, tobacco, and iyu'sti, like; a generic name for the cardinal-flower, mullein and related species. See number 126.

tsÂlÛ or tsÂlÛÑ (in the Lower dialect, tsÂrÛ)—tobacco; by comparison with kindred forms in other Iroquoian dialects the meaning “fire to hold in the mouth” seems to be indicated. Lanman spells it tso-lungh. See number 126 and page 187.

tsa'meha—see tla'meha.

tsa'nadiskÂ'—for tsandiskÂi, “they say.”

tsana'sehÂ'i—so they say, they say about him. See number 118.

tsÂne'ni—the scorpion lizard; also called gi'ga-danegi'ski, q. v. See number 59.

Tsani—John.

TsantawÛ'—a masculine name which can not be analyzed.

Tsan-uga'sita—“Sour John”; John Butler, a halfbreed Cherokee ball captain, formerly living on Nottely river. See number 122.

Tsan-usdi'—“Little John”; the Cherokee name for General John Sevier, and also the boy name of the chief John Ross, afterward known as Gu'wisguwi', q. v. Sikwi'a, a Cherokee attempt at “Sevier,” is a masculine name upon the East Cherokee reservation.

tsanu'si'—see tlanu'si'.

tsa'nuwa'—see tla'nuwa'.

Tsa'ragi'—Cherokee; see page 182, “Tribal Synonymy.”

tsÂrÛ—see tsÂlÛ.

Tsasta'wi—a noted hunter formerly living upon Nantahala river, in Macon county, North Carolina; the meaning of the name is doubtful. See number 122.

Tsatanu'gi (commonly spelled Chattanooga)—the Cherokee name for some point upon the creek entering Tennessee river at the city of Chattanooga, in Hamilton county, Tennessee. It has no meaning in the Cherokee language and appears to be of foreign origin. The ancient name for the site of the present city is A?tla'nuwa, q. v. See number 124. Before the establishment of the town the place was known to the whites as Ross’ landing, from a store kept there by Lewis Ross, brother of the chief John Ross.

Tsatu'gi (commonly written Chattooga or Chatuga)—a name occurring in two or more places in the old Cherokee country, but apparently of foreign origin (see page 382). Possible Cherokee derivations are from words signifying respectively “he drank by sips,” from gatu'gia', “I sip,” or “he has crossed the stream and come out upon the other side,” from gatu'gi, “I have crossed” etc. An ancient settlement of this name was on Chattooga river, a head-stream of Savannah river, on the boundary between South Carolina and Georgia; another appears to have been on upper Tellico river, in Monroe county, Tennessee; another may have been on Chattooga river, a tributary of the Coosa, in northwestern Georgia.

TsÂ'wa Gakski—Joe Smoker, from TsÂwa, “Joe,” and gakski, “smoker,” from ga'giskÛ, “I am smoking.” The Cherokee name for Chief Joel B. Mayes, of the Cherokee Nation west.

Tsawa'si—a Cherokee sprite. See number 78.

tsa'weha—see tla'meha.

tsay'kÛ'—see tlay’kÛ'.

Tsek'sini'—the Cherokee form for the name of General Andrew Jackson.

Tsesa'ni—Jessan, probably a derivative from Jesse; a masculine name upon the East Cherokee reservation.

Tse'si-Ska'tsi—“Scotch Jesse”; Jesse Reid, present chief of the East Cherokee, so called because of mixed Scotch ancestry.

tsetsani'li—“thy two elder brothers” (male speaking); my elder brother (male speaking), ÛÑgini'li. See note to number 63.

TsgÂgÛÑ'yi—“Insect place,” from tsgÂya, insect, and yi, locative. A cave in the ridge eastward from Franklin, in Macon county, North Carolina. See number 13.

tsgÂya—insect, worm, etc. See page 308.

Tsikama'gi—a name, commonly spelled Chickamauga, occurring in at least two places in the old Cherokee country, which has lost any meaning in Cherokee and appears to be of foreign origin. It is applied to a small creek at the head of Chattahoochee river, in White county, Georgia, and also to the district about the southern (not the northern) Chickamauga creek, coming into Tennessee river, a few miles above Chattanooga, in Hamilton county, Tennessee. In 1777 the more hostile portion of the Cherokee withdrew from the rest of the tribe and established here a large settlement, from which they removed about five years later to settle lower down the Tennessee in what were known as the Chickamauga towns or Five Lower towns. See page 54 and number 124.

tsiki'—a word which renders emphatic that which it follows: as Â'stÛ, “very good,” ÂstÛ' tsiki, “best of all.” See number 75.

tsikiki'—the katydid; the name is an onomatope.

tsi'kilili'—the Carolina chickadee (Parus carolinensis); the name is an onomatope. See number 35.

Tsiksi'tsi (TÛksi'tsi in dialectic form; commonly written Tuckasegee)—1. a former Cherokee settlement about the junction of the two forks of Tuckasegee, above Webster, in Jackson county, North Carolina (not to be confounded with Tikwali'tsi, q. v.). 2. A former settlement on a branch of Brasstown creek of Hiwassee river, in Towns county, Georgia. The word has lost its meaning.

Tsi'nawi—a Cherokee wheelwright, perhaps the first in the Nation to make a spinning wheel and loom. The name can not be analyzed. See page 214.

tsine'Û—I am picking it (something long) up; in the Lower and Middle dialects, tsinigi'Û.

tsinigi'Û—see tsine'Û.

tsiska'gili—the large red crawfish; the ordinary crawfish is called tsistÛ'na. See number 59.

tsi'skwa—bird.

tsiskwa'gwa—robin, from tsi'skwa, bird.

TsiskwÂ'hi—“Bird place,” from tsi'skwa, bird, and hi, locative. Birdtown settlement on the East Cherokee reservation, in Swain county, North Carolina.

tsiskwÂ'ya—sparrow, literally “principal bird” (i. e., most widely distributed), from tsi'skwa, bird, and yÂ, a suffix denoting principal or real.

Tsilalu'hi—“Sweet-gum place,” from tsila'lu', sweet-gum (Liquidambar), and hi, locative. A former settlement on a small branch of Brasstown creek of Hiwassee river, just within the line of Towns county, Georgia. The name is incorrectly rendered Gumlog (creek).

Tsiskwunsdi'-adsisti'yi—“Where they killed Little-bird,” from Tsiskw-unsdi', “Little-birds” (plural form). A place near the head of West Buffalo creek, southeast of Robbinsville, in Graham county, North Carolina. See number 122.

Tsistetsi'yi—“Mouse place,” from tsistetsi, mouse, and yi, locative; a former settlement on South Mouse creek, of Hiwassee river, in Bradley county, Tennessee. The present town of Cleveland, upon the same creek, is known to the Cherokee under the same name.

tsistu—rabbit.

tsistÛ'na—crawfish; the large horned beetle is also so called. The large red crawfish is called tsiska'gili.

tsist-uni'gisti—“rabbit foods” (plural), from tsi'stu, rabbit, and uni'gisti, plural of agi'sti, food, from tsiyi'giÛ “I am eating” (soft food). The wild rose.

Tsistu'yi—“Rabbit place,” from tsistu, rabbit, and yi, locative. 1. Gregory bald, high peak of the Great Smoky range, eastward from Little Tennessee river, on the boundary between Swain county, North Carolina and Blount county, Tennessee. See number 75 and notes. 2. A former settlement on the north bank of Hiwassee river at the, entrance of Chestua creek, in Polk county, Tennessee. The name of Choastea creek of Tugaloo river, in Oconee county, South Carolina, is probably also a corruption from the same word.

TsiyÂ'hi—“Otter place,” from tsiyÛ, otter, and yi, locative; variously spelled Cheowa, Cheeowhee, Chewohe, Chewe, etc. 1. A former settlement on a branch of Keowee river, near the present Cheohee, Oconee county, South Carolina. 2. A former and still existing Cherokee settlement on Cheowa river, about Robbinsville, in Graham county, North Carolina. 3. A former settlement in Cades cove, on Cove creek, in Blount county, Tennessee.

Tsi'yu-gÛnsi'ni—“He is dragging a canoe,” from tsi'yu, canoe (cf. tsi'yÛ, otter) and gÛnsi'ni, “he is dragging it.” “Dragging-canoe,” a prominent leader of the hostile Cherokee in the Revolution. The name appears in documents as Cheucunsene and Kunnesee. See page 54.

Tskil-e'gwa—“Big-witch,” from atskili', or tskili', witch, owl, and e'gwa, big; an old man of the East Cherokee, who died in 1896. See page 179. Although translated Big-witch by the whites, the name is understood by the Indians to mean Big-owl (see number 35), having been originally applied to a white man living on the same clearing, noted for his large staring eyes.

tskili' (contracted from atskili')—1. witch; 2. the dusky horned owl (Bubo virginianus saturatus). See number 35.

TSOLUNGH—see tsalÛ.

tskwÂ'yi—the great white heron or American egret (Herodias egretta).

TsudÂ'talesÛÑ'yi—“Where pieces fall off,” i.e. where the banks are caving in; from adÂtale'Û, “it is falling off,” ts, distance prefix, “there,” and yi, locative. The Cherokee name for the present site of Memphis, Tennessee, overlooking the Mississippi, and formerly known as the Chickasaw bluff.

Tsuda'ye?lÛÑ'yi—“Isolated place”; an isolated peak near the head of Cheowa river, northeast of Robbinsville, in Graham county, North Carolina. See number 79 and notes. The root of the word signifies detached, or isolated, whence Uda'ye?lÛÑ'yi, the Cherokee outlet, in the Indian Territory.

Tsu'dinÛÑti'yi—“Throwing-down place”; a former settlement on lower Nantahala river, in Macon county, North Carolina. See number 122.

TsugidÛ?li Ûlsgi'sti (from tsugidÛ?li, plural of ugidÛ?li, one of the long wing or tail feathers of a bird, and Ûlsgi'sti or Ûlsgi'ta, a dance)—the feather or eagle dance. See number 35.

tsÛÑgili'si—plural of ÛÑgili'si, q.v.

tsÛÑgini'si—plural of ÛÑgini'si, q.v.

TsukilÛÑnÛÑ'yi—“Where he alighted”; two bald spots on a mountain at the head of Little Snowbird creek, near Robbinsville, in Graham county, North Carolina. For tradition, see number 122.

tsÛÑkina'tli—“my younger brothers” (male speaking).

tsÛÑkita'—“my younger brothers” (female speaking).

tsu?la—fox; cf. tsÛ?lÛ, kingfisher and tlutlu' or tsutsu', martin. The black fox is inÂ'li. The Creek word for fox is chula.

tsula'ski—alligator: the name is of uncertain etymology.

Tsu?la'wi—see TsÛ?lÛÑwe'i.

TsulÂ'sinÛÑ'yi—“Footprint place.” A place on Tuckasegee river, about a mile above Deep creek, in Swain county, North Carolina. See number 122.

Tsul?kalÛ'—“Slanting-eyes,” literally “He has them slanting” (or leaning up against something); the prefix ts makes it a plural form, and the name is understood to refer to the eyes, although the word eye (akta', plural dikta') is not a part of it. Cf. Ata'-gÛl?kalÛ'. A mythic giant and ruler of the game. The name has been corrupted to Jutaculla and Tuli-cula. Jutaculla rock and Jutaculla old fields about the head of Tuckasegee river, in Jackson, North Carolina, take their name from him. See number 81 and notes.

Tsule'hisanÛÑ'hi—“Resurrected One,” from di'gwale'hisanÛÑ'hi, “I was resurrected,” literally, “I was down and have risen.” Tsa'lagi' Tsule'hisanuÑhi, the Cherokee title of the newspaper known to the whites as the Cherokee Phoenix. The Cherokee title was devised by Worcester and Boudinot as suggesting the idea of the phoenix of classic fable. The Indian name of the recent “Cherokee Advocate” is Tsa'lagi Asdeli'ski.

Tsul?kalÛ' tsunegÛÑ'yi—see TsunegÛÑ'yi.

tsulie'na—the nuthatch (Sitta carolinensis); the word signifies literally “deaf” (a plural form referring to the ear, gÛle'), although no reason is given for such a name.

tsÛ?lÛ—kingfisher. Cf. tsu?la.

TsÛ?lÛÑwe'i (abbreviated TsÛ?lÛÑ'we or TsÛla'wi, possibly connected with tsÛ?lÛ, kingfisher)—Chilhowee creek, a north tributary of Little Tennessee river, in Blount county, Tennessee.

Tsunda?nilti'yi—“Where they demanded the debt from him”; a place on Little Santeetla river, west of Robbinsville, in Graham county, North Carolina. The creek also is commonly known by the same name. See number 122.

Tsundige'wi—“Closed anuses,” literally “They have them closed,” understood to refer to the anus; from dige'wi, plural of ge'wi, closed, stopped up, blind; cf. Tsul?kalÛ'; also GÛlisge'wi, “Blind, or closed, ears,” an old personal name. See number 74.

tsun'digwÛn'tski (contracted from tsun'digwÛntsu?gi, “they have them forked,” referring to the peculiar forked tail; cf. Tsul?kalÛ')—a migratory bird which once appeared for a short time upon the East Cherokee reservation, apparently, from the description, the scissortail or swallow-tailed flycatcher (Milvulus forficatus). See number 35.

TsunegÛÑ'yi (sometimes called Tsul?kalÛ' TsunegÛÑ'yi')—Tennessee bald, at the extreme head of Tuckasegee river, on the east line of Jackson county, North Carolina. The name seems to mean, “There where it is white,” from ts, a prefix indicating distance, une'ga, white, and yi, locative. See number 81 and notes.

Tsunil'?kalÛ—the plural form for Tsul?kalÛ, q. v.; a traditional giant tribe in the west. See number 106.

tsunÛ'?liyÛ'sÛnestlÂ'ta—“they have split noses,” from agwa?liyÛ', “I have it,” and unestlÂÛ', “it is cracked” (as a crack made by the sun’s heat in a log or in the earth); the initial s makes it refer to the nose, kayasa'. See number 76 and notes.

tsunis'tsahi'—“(those) having topknots or crests,” from ustdahÛ', “having a topknot,” ustsahi', “he has a topknot” (habitual). See number 76 and notes.

Tsuniya'tiga—“Naked People”; literally “They are naked there,” from uya'tiga, naked (singular), with the prefix ts, indicating distance. A traditional western tribe. See number 105.

tsunsdi'—contracted from tsunsdi'ga, the plural of usdi'ga or usdi', small.

Tsunu'lahÛÑ'ski— “He tries, but fails” (habitually), from detsinu'lahÛÑ'gÛ' (q. v.), “I tried, but failed.” A former noted chief among the East Cherokee, commonly known to the whites as Junaluska. In early life he was called GÛl?kala'ski, a name which denotes something habitually falling from a leaning position (cf. Ata-gÛl?kalÛ' and Tsul?kalÛ'.) See page 164.

tsÛÑ-ka'wi-ye', tsÛÑ-sikwa-ya', tsÛÑ-tsu'la-ya', tsÛÑ-wa'?ya-ya'—“I am (tsÛÑ or tsi, verbal prefix) a real (ya, ye, noun suffix) deer” (kawi', archaic for a?wi'); opossum, si'kwa; fox, tsu?la; wolf, wa?ya. Archaic song forms. See number 15.

TsÛsginÂ'i—“the Ghost country,” from asgi'na, “ghost,” i, locative, and ts, a prefix denoting distance. The land of the dead; it is situated in UsÛÑhi'yi, the Twilight land, in the west. See number 5.

tsuakwa?li—plural of uskwa?li, short.

TsuskwanÛÑ'nawa'ta—“Worn-out blanket,” from tsuskwanÛÑ'ni, blanket (the word refers to something having stripes), and uwa'ta, “worn out.” James D. Wafford, a prominent Cherokee mixed-blood and informant in the Western nation, who died about 1896. See page 236.

TsÛta'ga UweyÛÑ'i—“Chicken creek,” from tsÛta'ga, chicken, and uweyÛÑ'i, stream. An extreme eastern head-stream of Nantahala river, in Macon county, North Carolina. See number 122.

Tsuta'tsinasÛÑ'yi—“Eddy place.” A place on Cheowa river at the mouth of Cockram creek, in Graham county, North Carolina. For tradition see number 122.

tsutsu'—see tlutlu'.

tsÛÑtÛ'tsi—see tlÛÑtÛ'tsi.

tsuwa'—the mud-puppy or water-dog (Menopoma or Protonopsis). See number 59.

Tsuwa?tel'da—a contraction of Tsuwa?teldÛÑ'yi; the name has lost its meaning. Pilot knob, north from Brevard, in Transylvania county, North Carolina. See number 82 and notes.

Tsuwa'-uniyetsÛÑ'yi—“Where the water-dogs laughed,” from tsuwa' (q. v.), “water-dog,” uniye'tsÛ, “they laughed” (agiyet'skÛ, “I am laughing”), and yi, locative; Tusquittee bald, near Hayesville, in Clay county, North Carolina. For story see number 122.

Tsuwe'nahi—A traditional hunter, in communication with the invisible people. See number 83. The name seems to mean “He has them in abundance,” an irregular or archaic form for Uwe'nai, “he has abundance,” “he is rich,” from agwe'nai', “I am rich.” As a masculine name it is used as the equivalent of Richard. See number 83.

Tuckalechee—see Tikwali'si.

Tuckasegee—see Tsiksi'tai.

Tugaloo—see Dugilu'yi.

tugalu!—the cry of the dagÛl?kÛ goose.

tugalÛ'na—a variety of small fish, about four inches long, frequenting the larger streams (from galÛ'na, a gourd, on account of its long nose). See number 39 and notes.

tÛksi'—the terrapin or land tortoise; also the name of a Cherokee chief about the close of the Revolution. Saligu'gi, common turtle; soft-shell turtle, u?lana'wa.

TÛksi'tsi—see Tsiksi'tsi.

Tuli-cula—see Tsul?kalÛ'.

tÛlsku'wa—“he snaps with his head,” from uska', head; the snapping beetle.

TunÂ'i—a traditional warrior and medicine-man of old ItsÂ'ti; the name can not be analyzed. See number 99.

Turkeytown—see GÛn-di'gaduhÛÑ'yi.

Turniptown—see U?lÛÑ'yi.

Tuskegee—see Ta?ski'gi.

Tusquittee bald—see Tsuwa'-uniyetsÛÑ'yi.

Tusquittee creek—see DaskwitÛÑ'yi.

tu'sti—for tusti'ga, a small bowl; larger jars are called diwa'?li and ÛÑti'ya.

tÛÑ'tawÛ'—a small yellow night-moth. The name comes from ahÛÑ'tÛ, a word implying that something flits into and out of the blaze. See number 59.

tu'ti—snowbird.

Tuti'yi—“Snowbird place,” from tu'ti, snowbird, and yi, locative. Little Snow-bird creek of Cheowa river, in Graham county, North Carolina.

tÛ'tsahyesi'—“he will marry you.”

tu'ya—bean.

tu'ya-diskalaw?sti'ski—see ta'gÛ.

tÛ'yahusi'—“she will die.”

Tymahse—see Tomassee.

Uchee—see Ani'-Yu'tsi.

udÂ'hale'yi—“on the sunny side.”

udÂ'i—the baneberry or cohosh vine (ActÆa?). The name signifies that the plant has something long hanging from it.

uda?li—“(it is) married”; the mistletoe, so called on account of its parasitic habit.

U'dawagÛÑ'ta—“Bald.” A bald mountain of the Great Smoky range, in Yancey county, North Carolina, not far from Mount Mitchell. See number 51.

Udsi'skala—a masculine name.

uga'sita—sour.

ÛÑgida'—“thy two elder brothers” (male speaking). See notes to number 63.

ÛÑgili'si (plural, tsÛÑgili'si)—“my daughter’s child.” See note to number 66, and cf. ÛÑgini'si.

ÛÑgini'li—“my elder brother” (female speaking). See notes to number 63.

ÛÑgini'si (plural tsÛÑgini'si)—“my son’s child.” See note to number 66, and cf. ÛÑgili'si.

u'giska'—“he is swallowing it”; from tsikiÛ', “I am eating.” See number 8 and notes.

u'guku'—the hooting or barred owl (Syrnium nebulosum); the name is an onomatope. See also tskili' and wa'?huhu'.

ugÛÑste'li (ugÛÑste'lÛ in dialectic form)—the hornyhead fish (Campostoma, stone roller). The name is said, on doubtful authority, to refer to its having horns. See number 59.

UguÑ'yi—Tallulah falls, on the river of that name, northeast from Clarkesville, in Habersham county, Georgia; the meaning of the name is lost. See number 84.

Uilata—See U?tlÛÑ'ta.

uk-ku'sÛÑtsÛteti'—“it will twist up one’s arm.” See number 115.

Uk-ku'sÛÑtsÛti—“Bent-bow-shape”; a comic masculine name. Cf. gÛltsÛ'ti, bow. See number 115.

uk-kwÛnagi'sti—“it will draw down one’s eye.” See number 115.

Uk-kwÛnagi'ta—“Eye-drawn-down”; a comic masculine name. See number 115.

uksu'hi—the mountain blacksnake or black racer (Coluber obsoletus); the name seems to refer to some peculiarity of the eye, akta'; uksuha', “he has something lodged in his eye.” See number 53 and notes.

Ukte'na—“Keen-eyed (?)” from akta', eye, akta'ti, to examine closely. A mythic great horned serpent, with a talismanic diadem. See number 50 and notes.

Ukte'na-tsuganÛÑ'tatsÛÑ'yi—“Where the Uktena got fastened.” A spot on Tuckasegee river, about two miles above Bryson City, in Swain county, North Carolina. See number 122.

Uktena-utansi'nastÛÑ'yi—“Where the Uktena crawled.” A rock on the north bank of Tuckasegee river, about four miles above Bryson City, in Swain county, North Carolina. See number 122.

UkwÛ'nÛ (or UkwÛ'ni)—a former Cherokee settlement, commonly known to the whites as Oconee, on Seneca creek, near the present Walhalla, in Oconee county, South Carolina.

Ula?gÛ'—the mythic original of the yellow-jacket tribe. See number 13. The word signifies “leader,” “boss,” or “principal one,” and is applied to the first yellow-jacket (d?ska'i) seen in the spring, to a queen bee and to the leader of a working squad.

u?lana'wa—the soft-shell turtle; the etymology of the word is uncertain. See also saligu'gi and tÛksi'.

ulasu'la—moccasin, shoe.

Ûle'—and; Ûle-?nÛ', and also.

ÛÑli'ta—“(He is) long-winded,” an archaic form for the regular word, gÛÑli'ta; an old masculine name. A chief about the year 1790, known to the whites as “The Breath.”

ÛlskwÛlte'gi—a “pound-mill,” a self-acting water-mill used in the Cherokee mountains. The name signifies that “it butts with its head” (uska', head), in allusion to the way in which the pestle works in the mortar. The generic word for mill is dista'sti.

ulstitlÛ'—literally, “it is on his head.” The diamond crest on the head of the mythic Uktena serpent. When detached it becomes the UlÛÑsÛ'ti.

UltiwÂ'i—a former Cherokee settlement about the present Ooltewah, on the creek of the same name, in James county, Tennessee. The name has the locative form (i suffix), but cannot be translated.

ulÛÑni'ta—domesticated, tame; may be used for persons as well as animals, but not for plants; for cultivated or domesticated plants the adjective is gÛnutlÛÑ'i (or gÛnusÛÑ'i).

UlÛÑsÛ'ti—“Transparent”; the great talismanic crystal of the Cherokee. Spelled Oolunsade by Hagar. See number 50 and notes.

ulÛÑ'ta—“it has climbed,” from tsilahi', “I am climbing”; the poison oak (Rhus radicans). See number 126.

U?lÛÑ'yi—“Tuber place,” from U?li', a variety of edible tuber, and yi, locative. A former settlement upon Turniptown (for U?lÛÑ'yi) creek, above Ellijay, in Gilmer county, Georgia.

Unacala—see Une'gadihi'.

U'nadanti'yi—“Place where they conjured,” the name of a gap about three miles east of Webster, in Jackson county, North Carolina, and now transferred to the town itself. See number 122.

unade'na—woolly, downy (in speaking of animals); uwa'nÛ, wool, down, fine fur (detached from the animal).

u'nahu'—see unahwi'.

unahwi'—heart; in Middle and Lower dialects, unahu'. See page 187.

Unaka—see une'ga and Unicoi.

unatlÛÑwe'hitÛ—“it has spirals”; a plant (unidentified) used in conjurations. See number 126.

une'ga—white.

une'guhi—“he is (was) mischievous or bad”; tsÛne'guhi'yu, “you are very mischievous” (said to a child). See number 118.

une'gutsatÛ'—“(he is) mischievous”; a'gine'gutsatÛ', “I am mischievous.”

Une?lanÛÑ'hi—“The Apportioner”; “I am apportioning,” gane?laskÛ'; “I apportion” (habitually), gane?laski. In the sacred formulas a title of the Sun god; in the Bible the name of God.

une'stalÛÑ—ice.

Unicoi—the map name of the old Unicoi turnpike (see page 87), of a gap on the watershed between Chattahoochee and Hiwassee rivers, in Georgia, and of a county in eastern Tennessee. Probably a corruption of une'ga, white, whence comes also Unaka, the present map name of a part of the Great Smoky range.

uni'gisti—foods; singular, agi'sti.

Uniga'yata?ti'yi—“Where they made a fish trap,” from uga'yatÛÑ'i, fish trap, and yi, locative; a place on Tuckasegee river, at the mouth of Deep creek, near Bryson City, in Swain county, North Carolina. See number 100 and notes.

Uni'haluna—see Ahalu'na.

Unika'wi—the “Townhouse dance,” so called because danced inside the townhouse; the name does not refer to a townhouse (gati'yi) and can not be analyzed, but may have some connection with the archaic word for deer. Cf. Ani'-Kawi'.

Une'ga-dihi'—“White-man-killer”; from une'ga, “white,” for yÛÑ'wune'ga, “white person,” and dihi', a noun suffix denoting “killer” (“he kills them” habitually). A Cherokee chief, whose name appears in documents about 1790 as White-man-killer, or, by misprint Unacala. It is an old masculine name, existing until recently upon the reservation. Cf. Ta'gwadihi'.

u'niskwetu?gi—“they wear a hat”; Ûlskwe'tawa', hat, from uska', head. The may-apple (Podophyllum). See number 126.

unistilÛÑ'isti—“they stick on along their whole length”; the generic name for “stickers” and burs, including the Spanish needle, cockle bur, jimson weed, etc. See number 126.

uni'tsi—her mother; agitsi', my mother.

UniyÂ'hitÛÑ'yi—“Where they shot it,” from tsiyÂ'ihÛ, “I shoot,” and yi, locative. A place on Tuckasegee river a short distance above Bryson City, in Swain county, North Carolina. See number 100.

Untoola—see DihyÛÑ'dula'.

Unta'kiyasti'yi—“Where they race,” from takiya'ta, a race, and yi, locative; locally corrupted to Tahkeyostee. The district on the French Broad river, around Asheville, in Buncombe county, North Carolina. The town itself is known to the Cherokee as KÂsdu'yi, “Ashes place,” (from kÂsdu, ashes, and yi, locative), which is intended as a translation of its proper name. See number 122.

UntlasgÂsti'yi—“Where they scratched”; a place at the head of Hyatt creek of Valley river, in Cherokee county, North Carolina. For tradition see number 122.

Untoola—see DihyÛÑ'dula'.

unÛÑ'ti—milk.

usdi'g (abbreviated usdi'), small; plural tsunsdi'ga, tsunsdi'.

usga'se?ti'yu—very dangerous, very terrible; intensive of usga'se?ti.

Uskwale'na—“Big-head,” from uska', head; a masculine name, perhaps the original of the “Bull-head,” given by Haywood as the name of a former noted Cherokee warrior.

UskwÂ'li-gÛ'ta—“His stomach hangs down,” from uskwÂ'li, his stomach, and gÛ'ta, “it hangs down.” A prominent chief of the Revolutionary period, known to the whites as Hanging-maw.

U?stana'li (from u?stanalÂ'hi or uni'stana'la (a plural form), denoting a natural barrier of rocks (plural) across a stream)—a name occurring in several places in the old Cherokee country, and variously spelled Eastinaulee, Eastanora, Estanaula, Eustenaree, Istanare, Oostanaula, Oostinawley, Ustenary, etc. One settlement of this name was on Keowee river, below the present Fort George, in Oconee county, South Carolina; another seems to have been somewhere on the waters of Tuckasegee river, in western North Carolina; a third, prominent during and after the Revolutionary period, was just above the junction of Coosawatee and Conasauga rivers to form the Oostanaula, in Gordon county, Georgia, and adjoining New Echota (see GansÂ'gi). Other settlements of the same name may have been on Eastanollee creek of Tugaloo river, in Franklin county, Georgia, and on Eastaunaula creek, flowing into Hiwassee river, in McMinn county, Tennessee. Cf. Tsu?stanalÛÑ'yi, under DagunÂ'hi.

u'stÛti—see utsu?gi.

UstÛ'tli—a traditional dangerous serpent. The name signifies having something on the calf of the leg or on the heel, from ustÛtÛÑ'i, (his) calf of the leg (attached). It is applied also to the southern hoop-snake (Abastor erythrogrammus). See number 54.

UsÛÑhi'yi—the “Darkening land,” where it is always getting dark, as at twilight. The name used for the west in the myths and sacred formulas; the common word is wude'ligÛÑ'yi, “there where it (the sun) goes down.” In number 63 the word used is wusÛhihÛÑ'yi, “there where they stay over night.” See also TsÛsginÂ'i.

u'tanÛ—great, fully developed. Cf. e'gwa.

utawÂ'hilÛ—“hand-breadth,” from uwÂ'yi, hand. A figurative term used in the myths and sacred formulas.

U'tawagÛn'ta—“Bald place.” A high bald peak of the Great Smoky range on the Tennessee-North Carolina line, northeastward from Big Pigeon river. See number 51.

ÛÑ'tiguhi'—“Pot in the water,” from ÛÑti'ya, or ÛÑti', pot, and guhi', “it is in the water” (or other liquid—habitually). The Suck, a dangerous rapid in Tennessee river, at the entrance of Suck creek, about eight miles below Chattanooga, Tennessee. See number 63 and notes.

U?tlÛÑ'ta—“He (or she) has it sharp,” i. e., has some sharp part or organ; it might be used of a tooth, finger-nail, or some other attached portion of the body, but in the story is understood to refer to the awl-like finger. Ten Kate spells it Uilata. A mythic half-human monster. See number 66 and notes.

U?tlÛÑtÛÑ'yi—“U?tlÛÑ'ta place;” see U?tlÛÑ'ta. A place on little Tennessee river, nearly off Citico creek, in Blount county, Tennessee. See number 66 and notes and number 124.

U'tsala—“Lichen”; another form of utsale'ta. A Cherokee chief of the Removal period. See page 157.

utsale'ta—lichen, literally “pot scrapings,” from a fancied resemblance.

ÛÑtsaiyi' (also Etsaiyi' or Tsaiyi', the first syllable being almost silent)—“Brass.” A mythic gambler. See number 63 and notes. The present rendering, “brass,” is probably a modern application of the old myth name, and is based upon the resemblance of the sound to that produced by striking a sheet of metal.

utsa'nati'—rattlesnake; the name is of doubtful etymology, but is said to refer to the rattle.

Utsa'nati'yi—“Rattlesnake place.” Rattlesnake springs, about two miles south from Charleston, Bradley county, Tennessee. See page 132.

utset'sti—“he grins” (habitually). See si'kwa utset'sti.

utsi'—her (his) mother; etsi', agitsi', my mother.

Utsi'dsata'—“Corn-tassel,” “Thistle-head,” etc. It is used as a masculine name and was probably the Cherokee name of the chief known during the Revolutionary period as “Old Tassel.”

utsu'?gi—the tufted titmouse (Parus bicolor); also called u'stÛti, “topknot, or tip.” on account of its crest. See numbers 35 and 66. Û'tsÛti'—fish. Cf. u'tsÛti, many. ÛÑwadÂ'li—store-house, provision house. See number 3 and notes.

UÑ'wadÂ-tsu?gilasÛÑ'—“Where the storehouse (ÛÑwÂdÂ'li) was taken off.” Either Black rock or Jones knob, northeast of Webster, on the east line of Jackson county, in North Carolina. See number 122.

UwagÂ'hi (commonly written Ocoee)—“Apricot place,” from uwa'ga, the “apricot vine,” or “maypop,” (Passiflora incarnata), and hi, locative. A former important settlement on Ocoee river, near its junction with Hiwassee, about the present Benton, in Polk county, Tennessee.

uwÂ'yi—hand, paw; generally used with the possessive suffix, as uwÂye'ni, “his hand.”

uwe'la—liver.

uwe'nahi—rich; used also as a personal name as the equivalent of Richard. Cf. Tsuwe'nahi.

Uw'tsÛÑ'ta,—“Bouncer” (habitual); from k?tsi, “it is bouncing.” A traditional serpent described as moving by jerks like a measuring worm, to which also the name is applied. See number 55.

UyÂhye'—a high peak in the Great Smoky range, probably on the line between Swain county, North Carolina, and Sevier or Blount county, Tennessee. See number 75 and notes.

Uy'gilÂ'gi—abbreviated from Tsuyu?gilÂ'gi, “Where there are dams,” i. e., beaver dams; from gu?gilÛ'ÛÑskÛ', “he is damming it.” 1. A former settlement on Oothcaloga (Ougillogy) creek of Oostanaula river, near the present Calhoun, in Gordon county, Georgia; 2. Beaverdam creek, west of Clarkesville, in Habersham county, Georgia.

Valleytown—see GÛ'nahitÛÑ'yi.

Vengeance creek—see Gansa?ti'yi.

Wachesa—see Watsi'su.

wadÂÑ'—thanks!

wÂ'di—paint, especially red paint.

wÂ'dige-askÂ'li—“his head (is) brown,” i. e., “brown-head,” from wÂdige'i, brown, brown-red, and askÂ'li, possessive of uska', head; the copperhead snake.

Wadi'yahi—A feminine name of doubtful etymology. An expert basket-making woman among the East Cherokee, who died in 1895. She was known to the whites as Mrs Bushyhead. See page 179.

Wafford—see TsuskwanÛÑ'nawa'ta.

Wa'ginsi'—The name of an eddy at the junction of the Little Tennessee and main Tennessee rivers, at Lenoir, in Loudon county, Tennessee. The town is now known to the Cherokee by the same name, of which the meaning is lost. See number 124.

waguli'—whippoorwill; the name is an onomatope; the Delaware name is wekolis (Heckewelder).

Wahnenauhi—see Wani'nahi.

wa?huhu'—the screech-owl (Megascops asio); see also tskili' and uguku'.

wa?ka—cow; from the Spanish vaca, as is also the Creek waga and the Arapaho wakÛch.

walÂ'si—the common green frog; there are different names for the bullfrog (kÛnu'nu, q. v.) and for other varieties; warts are also called walÂ'si.

WalÂsi'yi—“Frog place.” 1. A former settlement, known to the whites as Frogtown, upon the creek of the same name, north of Dahlonega, in Lumpkin county, Georgia. 2. Le Conte and Bullhead mountains in the Great Smoky range on the North Carolina-Tennessee line, together with the ridge extending into Sevier county, Tennessee, between the Middle and West forks of Little Pigeon river. See number 51 and notes.

walÂs'-unÛl'sti—“it fights frogs,” from walÂ'si, frog, and unÛl'sti, “it fights” (habitually); gÛ?lihÛ', “I am fighting.” The Prosartes lanuginosa plant. See number 126.

WalÂs'-unÛlsti'yi—“Place of the plant walÂs'-unÛl'sti,” commonly known to the whites as Fightingtown, from a translation of the latter part of the name; a former settlement on Fightingtown creek, near Morganton, in Fannin county, Georgia. See number 125.

Walini'—a feminine name, compounded from Wali, another form of Kwali, “Polly,” with a suffix added for euphony.

Wane'-asÛÑ'tlÛÑyi—“Hickory footlog place,” from wane'i, hickory, asÛÑtlÛÑ'i (q. v.), footlog, bridge, and yi, locative. A former settlement, known to the whites as Hickory-log, on Etowah river, a short distance above Canton, in Cherokee county, Georgia.

Wani'nahi'—a feminine name of uncertain etymology; the Wahnenauhi of the Wahnenauhi manuscript.

Washington—see Wa'sitÛ'na.

WÂ'si—the Cherokee form for Moses.

Wa'sitÛ'na, Wa'sÛÑtÛ'na (different dialectic forms)—a Cherokee known to the whites as Washington, the sole survivor of a Removal tragedy. See page 158. The name denotes a hollow log (or other cylindrical object) lying on the ground at a distance; the root of the word is asi'ta, log, and the w prefixed makes it at a distance.

Wa'sulÛ'—a large red-brown moth which flies about the blossoming tobacco in the evening.

WatÂ'gi (commonly written Watauga, also Watoga, Wattoogee, Whatoga, etc.)—a name occurring in two or more towns in the old Cherokee country; one was an important settlement on Watauga creek of Little Tennessee river, a few miles below Franklin, in Macon county, Tennessee; another was traditionally located at Watauga Old Fields, about the present Elizabethton, on Watauga river, in Carter county, Tennessee. See page 21. The meaning of the name is lost.

Watauga—see WatÂ'gi.

Watsi'sa—a prominent old Cherokee, known to the whites as Wachesa, a name which cannot be translated, who formerly lived on lower Beaverdam creek of Hiwassee river, below Murphy, in Cherokee county, North Carolina. From the fact that the Unicoi turnpike passed near his place it was locally known as the Wachesa trail.

wa?ya—wolf; the name is an onomatope, intended as an imitation of the animal’s howl; cf. the Creek name, yÄhÄ.

Wa?yÂ'hi—“Wolf place,” i. e. place of the Wolf clan; the form Ani'-Wa?yÂ'hi is not used. Wolftown settlement on upper Soco creek, on the East Cherokee reservation, in Jackson county, North Carolina.

Waya gap—see A?tÂhi'ta.

Wayeh—see WÂyi.

WÂyΗ“Pigeon”; the modern Cherokee name for Big Pigeon river in western North Carolina; probably a translation of the English name. It appears also as Wayeh.

Welch, Lloyd—see Da'si?giya'gi.

wesa—cat; a corruption of “pussy.”

White-path—see NÛÑnÂ'hi-tsune'ga.

Willstown—a former important settlement, so called from the halfbreed chief known to the whites as Red-headed Will, on Will’s creek below Fort Payne, in Dekalb county, Alabama. The settlement was frequently called from him Wili'yi, “Will’s place,” but this was not the proper local name.

Wilsini'—the Cherokee name for H. W. Spray, agent and superintendent for the East Cherokee reservation; an adaptation of his middle name, Wilson.

Wil-usdi'—“Little Will,” from Wili', Will and usdi'ga or usdi', little. The Cherokee name for Colonel W. H. Thomas, for many years the recognized chief of the eastern band.

Wissactaw—see gahawi'sita.

Wolftown—see Wa?yÂ'hi.

Wootassite, Wrosetasatow—see Outacity.

Wude'ligÛÑ'yi—the west; literally “there where it (the sun) goes down” (w prefixed implies distance, yi, locative). See also UsÛÑhi'yi and wusÛhihÛÑ'yi.

Wuliga'natÛtÛÑ—excelling all others, either in good or bad; it may be used as equivalent to wastÛÑ, “beyond the limit.” See page 232.

wusÛhihÛÑ'yi—“there where they stay over night,” i. e. “the west.” An archaic term used by the narrator of the story of ÛÑtsaiyi', number 63. The common word is wude'ligÛÑ'yi, q. v., while the term in the sacred formulas is UsÛÑhi'yi, q. v.

Xuala—see Ani-Suwa'li.

-ya—a suffix denoting principal or real, as tsiskwa'ya, “principal bird,” the sparrow; Ani'-YÛÑwiya', “principal or real people,” Indians.

Yahoola—see YahulÂ'i.

YahulÂ'i—“Yahu'la place,” from Yahu'la, a Cherokee trader said to have been taken by the spirit people; Yahu'la seems to be from the Creek yoho'lo, a name having reference to the song (yoholo), used in the “black drink” ceremony of the Creeks; thus a'si-yoho'lo, corrupted into Osceola, signified “the black drink song”; it may, however, be a true Cherokee word, yahu'lÛ, or yahu'li, the name for a variety of hickory, also for the “doodle-bug”; ÛÑyahu'la is a feminine name, but can not be translated. Yahoola creek, near Dahlonega, in Lumpkin county, Georgia. See number 86 and notes.

YalÂ'gi—Alarka creek of Little Tennessee river, above the junction of Tuckasegee, in Swain county, North Carolina; the meaning of the name is lost.

yaÑdaska'ga—a faultfinder. See number 61.

YÂn-e'gwa—“Big-bear,” from yÂnÛ, bear, and egwa, great, large. A prominent chief about the year 1800; the name occurs in treaties as Yonah, Yohanaqua and Yonahequah. See page 164.

yÂ'nÛ—bear.

YÂ'nÛ-dinehÛÑ'yi—“Where the bears live,” from yÂnÛ, bear, dinehÛ', “they dwell” (e'hÛ, “I dwell, I live”), and yi, locative. A place on Oconaluftee river, a short distance above the junction with Tuckasegee, in Swain county, North Carolina. See number 122.

YÂnÛgÛÑ'ski—“The bear drowns him” (habitually), from yÂnÛ, bear, and tsigÛÑ'iska', “I am drowning him.” A noted East Cherokee chief, known to the whites as Yonaguska or Drowning-bear. See page 162.

YÂ'nÛ-u'natawasti'yi—“Where the bears wash” (from yÂnÛ, bear, and yi, locative); a former pond in the Great Smoky mountains, about the extreme head of Raven fork, in Swain county, North Carolina. See number 122.

yÂn'-utse'stÛ—“the bear lies on it”; the shield fern (Aspidium). See number 126.

YawÂ'i—“Yawa place”; a place on Yellow creek of Cheowa river, in Graham county, North Carolina. See number 122.

Yellow-hill—see ElawÂ'diyi.

Yohanaqua—see YÂn-e'gwa.

yoho-o!—an unmeaning song refrain. See number 75.

Yonaguska—see YÂ'nÛgÛÑ'ski.

Yonah—1. (mountain) see Gadalu'lu. 2. An abbreviated treaty form for the name of the chief YÂn-e'gwa.

Yonahequah—see YÂn-e'gwa.

Ytaua, Ytava—see I'tawa'.

Yu!—an unmeaning song refrain and interjection.

Yuha'li—Euharlee creek, of lower Etowah river, in Bartow county, Georgia. The name is said by the Cherokee to be a corruption of Yufala (Eufaula), a well-known Creek local name. See number 105.

yÛnsÛ'—buffalo; cf. Creek yena'sa, Choctaw yanash, Hichitee ya'nasi.

YÛnsÂ'i—“Buffalo place”; West Buffalo creek of Cheowa river in Graham county, North Carolina; the site of a former Cherokee settlement. See number 122.

yu'we-yuwehe'—an unmeaning song refrain. See number 118.

yÛÑ'wi—person, man; cf. Mohawk oÑgwe?.

YÛÑ'wi Ama'yine'hi—“Water-dwelling People,” from yÛÑ'wi, person, and ama'yine'hi, plural of amaye'hi, q. v.; a race of water fairies. See number 78.

YÛÑ'wi-dikatÂgÛÑ'yi—see YÛÑ'wi-tsulenÛÑ'yi.

YÛÑ'wi GÛnahi'ta—“Long Man”; a formulistic name for the river, personified as a man with his head resting on the mountain and his feet stretching down to the lowlands, who is constantly speaking to those who can understand the message.

YÛÑ'wini'giski—“Man-eaters,” literally, “They eat people” (habitually), from yÛÑ'wi, person, man, and uni'giski, “they eat” (habitually), from tsikiÛ', “I am eating”; the Cherokee name for a distant cannibal tribe, possibly the Atakapa or the Tonkawa. See number 105. Cf. Anada'dÛÑtaski.

YÛÑ'wi-tsulenÛÑ'yi—“Where the man stood,” originally YÛÑ'wi-dikatÂgÛÑ'yi, “Where the man stands,” from yÛÑ'wi, person, man, tsitÂ'ga, “I am standing,” and yi, locative; Standing Indian, a high bald mountain at the head of Nantahala river, in Macon county, North Carolina. See number 122.

YÛÑ'wi Tsunsdi'—“Little People,” from yÛÑ'wi, person, people, and tsunsdi'ga or tsunsdi', plural of usdi'ga, or usdi', little; the Cherokee fairies. See number 78.

YÛÑ'wi Usdi'—“Little Man.” A formulistic name for the ginseng, Â'tali-gÛli', q. v.

YÛÑ'wi-usga'se?ti—“Dangerous Man, Terrible Man”; a traditional leader in the westward migration of the Cherokee. See page 99.

YÛÑ'wiya'—“Indian,” literally, “principal or real person,” from yÛÑ'wi, person and ya, a suffix denoting principal or real. See pages 15 and 181.