a href="@public@vhost@g@html@files@49483@49483-h@49483-h-2.htm.html#Page_83" class="pginternal">83 n., 84, 85, 89 n., 91.

Arelate, i. 86, 89;

• amphitheatre, 106.

Aretas, ii. 148 n., 149 f. n., 150 f.

Argentoratum, i. 119, 147, 159.

Ariarathes of Cappadocia, ii. 33.

Ariobarzanes, ii. 38, 39.

Aristobulus, of Chalcis, ii. 49.

Aristobulus, prince of Judaea, ii. 175 f.

Aristotle’s recommendation to Alexander, ii. 241.

Armenia, ii. 6, 19, 20, 33, 34, 35, 36, 40 f.;

• Parthian appanage for second son, 51, 60;
• Roman policy as to, 50–52;
• subdued by Corbulo, 53 f.;
• under Parthian prince vassal to Rome, 60 f.;
• Roman province under Trajan, 67 f., 70 f.;
• becomes again vassal-state, 72;
• Parthian invasion, 74 f., 80 n., 89 f., 92, 102, 104, 112 n., 113, 114 n., 115 n.

Arminius, i. 43;

• defeat of Varus, 46 f.;
• combats with Germanicus, 54;
• attack on Maroboduus, 60 f.;
• desertion of Inguiomerus, 61;
• civil war and end, 62.

Arnobius, ii. 345.

Arrianus, Flavius, ii., 20 n., 73 n.

Arsaces, founder of Parthian dynasty, ii., 3, 4, 6.

Arsaces, son of Artabanus, ii. 42.

Arsacids and their rule, ii. 3- 12 el. Arsamosata, ii. 56, 59.

Arsinoe, ii. 280, 291 f.

Art, constructive, in Gaul, i. 115;

• in Syria, ii. 156 f.

Artabanus (III.), king of the Parthians, ii. 40–45.

Artabanus (IV.), ii. 87 f.

Artageira, ii. 40.

Artavazdes of Armenia, ii. 28–33.

Artavazdes of Atropatene, ii. 28, 29, 32.

Artaxares;

• see Ardashir

Artaxata, ii. 48, 53 f., 75.

Artaxes, ii. 38 f.;

• meeting with Phraataces, 39;
• early death, 40.

Caesaraugusta, i. 68.

Caesarea in Cappadocia, i. 332; ii. 101 f.

Caesarea (Iol), province of, ii. 313, 314, 321.

Caesarea Paneas, ii. 65, 147, 151.

Caesarea Stratonis, ii. 182, 186 f.;

• insurrection, 205 f., 209 f.;
• obtains Roman organisation, 218.

Caesarion, ii. 25 n., 26 n.

Caesian Forest, i. 124.

Calama, ii. 319 n., 329 n., 335 n.

Calceus Herculis, ii. 319.

Caledonia abandoned, i. 184;

• probable grounds for this policy, 184 f.;
• under Severus, 189.

Caligula, Gaius Caesar, incapable of serious plans, i. 172;

• declines “great number” of statues, 291;
• the East under, ii. 45;
• pardons Aretas, 151;
• treatment of Jews, 191 f.;
• Jewish deputations to, 193 f.;
• orders his effigy to be set up in the Temple, 195;
• death, 195.

Callaecia, Roman, i. 63 f.;

• separated from Lusitania, 65.

Callistus, ii. 102 n., 103.

Calybe, i. 303, 305 n.

Camalodunum, i. 170, 171, 175, 176, 180, 192 f.

Camels in Africa, ii. 340.

Camunni, i. 15 f.

Canabae, i. 168.

Canal, Egyptian, ii. 279, 280, 297 f.

Canatha, ii. 147;

• temple of Baalsamin, 156;
• “Odeon,” 157.

Candace, ii. 275 n., 276, 277.

Cane, ii. 296.

Canius Rufus, i. 76.

Cannenefates, i. 36, 97 n., 121, 126 f., 131, 139, 141.

Canopus, ii. 258 n.;

• decree of, 260.

Cantabri, i. 65, 66, 67.

Cantonal system of Spain, i. 71, 72 n.;

• of Gaul, 90 f.;
• influence of, 94;
• cantons represented in diet, 95 n., 96 n.;
• in Britain, 191.

Cappadocia, i. 323, 324;

• inland, 332;
• division into praefectures, 332;
• Greek accent of, 333; ii. 19, 41, 63.

Caracalla, Severus Antoninus, campaign against Alamanni, i. 162;

• named Geticus, 139;
• Parthian war, ii. 87;
• assassinated, 88;
• treatment of Alexandria, 263;
• uniting the vices of three races, 126, 340.

Caratacus, i. 175 f., 178.

Caravans, Palmyrene, ii. 98 n.

CarÊn, ii. 6, 46, 84.

Carnuntum, i. 23, 198, 206.

Carnutes, i. 91.

Carpi, i. 238 f.

Carrhae, ii. 21, 16, 53 f.;

disaster to his fleet, 54;

recall, 55;

aims and results of campaigns, 55–59;

triumph, 62;

mission to the East, ii. 40;

its results, 41 f.

Germany and Germans: Rhine-boundary, i. 25 f.;

• war of Drusus, 26 f.;
• Roman camps and base, 31 f.;
• organisation of province, 35;
• altar for Germanic cantons, 35, 118;
• rising under Arminius, 42 f.;
• character of Romano-German conflict, 49;
• abolition of command-in-chief on the Rhine, 55;
• Elbe frontier and its abandonment, 56–59;
• Germans against Germans, 60;
• original province, 117;
• Upper and Lower, 118 f.;
• strength of the armies, 119 n.;
• right bank of Rhine abandoned, 125 f.;
• position after fall of Nero, 127;
• consequences of Batavian war, 143 f.;
• later attitude of Romano-Germans on left bank, 144 f.;
• free Germans there, 145;
• Upper Germany, 147 f.;
• Limes, 154–160;
• distribution of troops, 156 n., 159 n.;
• under Marcus, 160;
• later wars, 161–167;
• Romanising of, 167;
• towns arising out of encampments, 168;
• Germanising of the Roman state, its beginnings and progress, 168 f.;
• picture of, by Tacitus, 169.

Gerusia, i. 353, 354 n.

Geta, Gnaeus Hosidius, ii. 323.

Getae, language of, i. 208.

Gibbon, i. 6.

Gindarus, battle of, ii. 23.

Gladiatorial games, latest in Greece, i. 272.

Glass of Sidon, ii. 137;

• glass-wares, 255.

Gods, Iberian, i. 75;

• Celtic, in Spain, 75 n.;
• British, 193;
• Syrian, ii. 123;
• Egyptian, 235, 260 f.

Gondopharus, ii. 15, 16 n.

Gordianus, “conqueror of Goths,” i. 239;

• Persian wars of, ii. 91.

Gordiou Kome, i. 330.

Gorneae, ii. 48 n.

Gotarzes, ii. 7 n., 12 n., 46, 47.

Goths: migrations, i. 238;

• Gothic wars, 239;
• under Decius, 240 f.;
• invasions of Macedonia and Thrace, 240;
• maritime expeditions, 243 f.;
• victories of Claudius, 247 f.;
• character of these wars, 248.

Graupian Mount, battle of, 183 f., 190.

Great-king, ii. 7.

Greece: Hellas and Rome, i. 253;

• towns under republic, 256;
• city-leagues broken up, 256 f.;
• revived, 259;
• freed communities and colonies, 258–261;
• decay of, 261;
• decrease of population, 268;
• statements of Plutarch, Dio, and Strabo, 268 f.;
• tone of feeling, 270 f.;
• good old manners, 271 f.;
• parallel between Roman and Athenian life, 273;
• misrule of provincial administration, 275;
• misrule in towns, 276;
• clinging to memories of past, 280;
• religion, 280;
• worship of pedigrees, 280 f.;
• language--archaism and barbarism, 281 f.;
• great families, 283 f.;
• career of state-offices, 284 f.;
• personal service of the emperor, 285;
• municipal administration, 285;
• Plutarch on its duties, 286;
• games, universal interest in, 287–290;
• municipal ambition, its honours and toils, 290 f.;
• trade and commerce, 292 f.;
• roads, 294;
• piratic invasions, i. 245 f.;
• description of Greece from the time of Constantius, i. 293 n.

Greek islands, places of punishment, i. 343.

Gregorius Nazianzenus, i. 333.

Hadrianoi, i. 328.

Hadrianus: Hadrian’s wall, i. 186;

• disaster at Eburacum, 188 n.;
• Panhellenism at Athens, 266;
• grants to Athens, 277 f.;
• his Novae Athenae, 278;
• Olympieion, 278;
• evacuates Assyria and Mesopotamia, and restores Armenia as vassal-state, ii. 71, 72;
• Jewish rising under, 223 f.;
• lays out Antinoopolis, 236;
• gives exceptional right of coining, 237;
• alleged letter to Servianus, 256 n.; “Hadrian’s road” in Egypt, 297 n.

Haedui, i. 80, 99.

Hairanes, Septimius, ii. 97 n.

Harmozika, ii. 64.

Hasmonaeans, ii. 161.

Hatra, ii. 69, 78, 79, 89.

HaurÂn, red soil, ii. 144;

• mountain-pastures, 145;
• cave-towns, 147;
• robbers, 230.

John of Gischala, ii. 214.

Joppa, ii. 175 n., 176.

Josephus, on cave-towns of HaurÂn, ii. 147;

• account of Titus’s council of war, 217 n.;
• value of statements in the preface to his History of the Jewish War, ii. 205 n.

Jotapata, ii. 212.

Juba I., ii. 308.

Juba II., ii. 312, 313, 338 n.;

• his Collectanea, ii. 39, 293 n.

Judaea: distinction between Jewish land and Jewish people, ii. 160;

• priestly rule under Seleucids, 160 f.;
• kingdom of Hasmonaeans, 161;
• Pharisees and Sadducees, 161;
• under the republic, 174;
• Caesar’s arrangements, 175 f.;
• freedom from dues, 175 n.;
• Parthians in Judaea, 177 f.;
• under Herod, 180–182;
• under Archelaus, 183 f.;
• Roman province, 184, 185 n.;
• provincial organisation, 186;
• military force in, 186;
• tribute, 186 f.;
• native authorities, 187;
• deference to Jewish scruples, 189 f.;
• the Jewish opposition, 190 f.
• See also Jews

Judaism; see Jews and Judaea

Judas, the Galilean, ii. 195, 198.

Jugurtha, war with, ii. 307.

Julianus defeats Dacians at Tapae, i. 220.

Julianus, Emperor, epigram on barley-wine, i. 108;

• reply to “beard-mockers” of Antioch, ii. 135.

Julii, tomb of, at S. Remy, i. 115

Juridicus, ii. 247 n.

Jurisprudence, studied at Berytus, ii. 130.

Juthungi, i. 161, 166.

Kainepolis, ii. 75 n.

Kanata and Canatha, ii. 146 n.

Kanerku, ii. 16, 17 n.

Kerykes, i. 246, 281.

King of kings, ii. 11.

Labeo, Claudius, i. 136.

Labienus, Quintus, ii. 22, 23.

Lachares, i. 283.

Lactantius, ii. 345.

Lactora, i. 97 n.

Laetus, ii. 79.

Lagids, government of, ii. 238;

• finance of, 239 f., 241.

Lambaesis, ii. 319.

Lancia, i. 66.

Langobardi, i. 35, 37, 146, 230.

Laodicea, i. 327, 360 ii. 130.

Larisa, i. 298.

Latifundia, ii. 334.

Latin version of Bible, ii. 343 n.

Latobici in Carniola, i. 200.

Latro, Marcus Porcius, i. 76.

Lauriacum, i. 198.

Leagues of Greek cities, i. 259, 264 n.;

• diets, 264 f.

Lentulus, Gnaeus, Dacian war, i. 42.

Leptis, Great, ii. 316, 350.

Persepolis (Istachr), ii. 83.

Persian empire, extent of, ii. 1 f.;

• see Sassanids

Persis, viceroys of, how named, ii. 5 n.;

• king of, 7;
• royal dynasty, Sassanids, 81.

Pertinax, Helvius, i. 233.

Petra, client-state of Nabat, ii. 65;

• residence of king, 148;
• traffic-route, 151 n., 288;
• constitution under Hadrian, 155;
• structures of, 156;
• rock-tombs, 157.

Petronius, Gaius, governor of Egypt, ii. 276.

Petronius, Publius, governor of Syria, ii. 194.

Pessinus, i. 341, 342 n.

Phanagoria, i. 315, 319.

Pharasmanes (I.), ii. 43, 47, 53.

Pharasmanes (II.), ii. 73.

Pharisees, ii. 161, 183, 188, 208.

Pharnaces, i. 312, 339.

Pharnapates, ii. 23.

Pharsalus, i. 298 n.

Phasael, ii. 177 f.

Philadelphia (in Lydia), i. 360.

Philadelphia (in Syria), ii. 146.

Philae, ii. 276, 278.

Philhellenism of the Romans, i. 276 f.

Philippi, i. 301, 303.

Philippopolis, i. 211, 232, 260, 304, 307.

Philippus, Marcus Julius, proclaimed emperor, ii. 91 f.;

• cession of Euphrates frontier, 92.

Philo, Neo-Judaism, ii. 170;

• deputations to Gaius, 193;
• silence accounted for, 196 n.
• Phoenician language in Africa, ii. 326 f., 328 n.

Phraataces, ii. 39.

Phraates, ii. 24, 28 f., 34, 37, 38.

Phrygia, Great, i. 325;

• language, i. 328;
• coins and inscriptions, 328.

Phylarchs, ii. 154, 158 n.

Picti, i. 189.

Piracy in Black Sea, i. 242 f.;

• expeditions to Asia Minor and Greece, 245 f.;
• in Pisidia, 334 f.;
• in Red Sea, ii. 298.

Piraeus, i. 278, 293.

Pirustae, i. 41.

Pisidia, independence, i. 334;

• subdued by Augustus, 335;
• Pisidian colonies, 336;
• brigandage in, 351.

Piso, Lucius, Thracian war, i. 24 f.

Pityus, i. 242, 243 f.

Pius, Cestius, i. 365.

Plataeae, i. 266 n., 267 n.

Plautius, Aulus, i. 175, 177.

Plotinus, ii. 126.

Plutarch, knowledge of Latin, i. 272;

• account of his countrymen, 272;
• on population of Greece, 268;
• character of, 274 f.;
• view of municipal duties, 286, 290.

Poetovio, i. 18, 23, 205, 206.

Polemon, i. 313; ii. 24, 35.

Polis and Nomos, ii. 237.

Politarchs, i. 300 n.

Pollio, Coelius, ii. 48.

Pompeianus, Tiberius Claudius, i. 233.

Pompeiopolis, ii. 102.

Pontus, province organised by Pompeius, i. 331 f.;

• annexation of kingdom of, ii. 61.

Poppaea Sabina, ii. 167.

Porphyrius, ii. 49.

Sohaemus, king of Armenia, ii. 75 n.,



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