I. INVENTORY OF CHIEF INSTRUMENTS IN VARIOUS MUSEUMS
English Museums.
The British Museum contains the following (Case ii. B):
Bleeding cup (No. 2313); collyrium spoon with spout (two, Nos. 2314-5); staphylagra (two, Nos. 2316-7); hook, sharp (No. 2318); ditto blunt, i. e. retractor (No. 2319); forceps (No. 2320); two-pronged retractors (Nos. 2322-6); scarifier (No. 2327); knife, steel (No. 2321); scalpel handles (Nos. 2331-9); spathomeles; cyathiscomeles; spatulae; ligulae; ear specilla; aneurism needle (No. 2372); epilation forceps (narrow), ditto (broad), ditto ditto with catch.
The Guildhall Museum contains a good few instruments found in London, amongst others a considerable number of ear specilla, vulsella, lancets, and numberless instruments common to both domestic and surgical use, such as strigils, ligulae, styli, and needles. The Celtic cutting instruments are of interest for comparison. This collection is in many ways one of the most interesting we have in England.
The museum at Shrewsbury contains several surgical instruments from the ancient Roman city of Uriconium on which Wroxeter now stands. The most interesting is a bleeding lancet. There are also styli and an ointment slab and the seal of an oculist.
The museum at Chesters, Northumberland, containing finds from the Roman camps at Cilurnum, Procolitia, Borcovicus, and other sites on the Roman Wall, contains amongst other things hooks, spatulae, bougie, a triangular medicine weight of tin, forceps, needles of bone and bronze, borers, knife blades, ear specilla, steelyard, counterpoises, many in the form of snakes and therefore, perhaps, for pharmaceutical purposes, the serpent being the symbol of Aesculapius.
Museums in France.
Saint-Germain-en-Laye. Outfit of Severus, viz. two iron pitchers, four bowls, mortar, two balances, seven forceps, one spathomele, scalpel handle, ditto damascened, spatulae (two), two knife-and-needle handles, four needle handles, olive-and-needle, scalpel-handle-and-borer, three sharp hooks, blunt and sharp hook, small blunt hook, seal. Also four scalpel handles, forty forceps, four pocket companions with forceps, fifty bodkins and needles, thirty-three ligulae, fourteen spathomeles, thirty cyathiscomeles, twelve olivary probes.
Le Puy-en-Velay. Outfit of Sollemnis, viz. two knife-handles, ditto damascened, amulet, fragments of two forceps, seal, spathomele.
Paris. Private museum of M. Tolouse. Instruments from the grave of the Surgeon of Paris—Large bronze bowl which contained:
1, Marble slab for preparing ointments; 2, amulet of black obsidian; 3, bronze ointment box with silver damascening; 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, five cylindrical boxes for collyrium sticks; 9, 10, two buckles; 11, pharyngeal insufflator; 12, collyrium spoon; 13, 14, 15, three spathomeles; 16, 17, probes; 18, polypus forceps and scoop; 19, 20, epilation forceps; 21, 22, vulsella (toothed); 23, staphylagra; 24, 25, coudÉ vulsella; 26, spathomele of elegant form; 27, bleeding cup; 28, three-pronged fork.
Louvre Museum. Double curette, cyathiscomele, ear probe, stylet with large olivary point, forceps with olivary point.
Cluniac Museum. Scoop probe, scalpel.
Orfila Museum. All from Herculaneum. Ligula, ear scoop, two raspatories, hook and scoop, scalpel, fork and hook, curette and hook, bodkin.
Montauban Museum. (Tarn-et-Garonne.) Large surgical needle, cyathiscomeles (four), spathomele (one), scoop and spatula (steel), epilation forceps (one), four ear specilla, round spatula, bistoury handle, all from Cosa.
Rouen. Four epilation forceps, one small forceps with locking arrangement, one forceps with narrow rounded legs, one fine-toothed forceps, twelve cyathiscomeles, three needles and bodkins, twenty styloid instruments, three ligulae.
Amiens. Round scalpel handle with spiral lines, one large epilation forceps, one spud and probe, one blunt hook, one styloid probe, two spathomeles, six cyathiscomeles.
Museums in Belgium.
Namur. Find of Surgeon of Wancennes, including ointment slab (Deneffe).
Brussels. Mus. de Ravenstein alias Cinquantenaire. Étui with silver specilla brought from Italy by M. Ravenstein; three specilla; scalpels.
Charleroi. Fine bistoury.
Museums in Germany.
Mainz (Germano-Roman Museum). Spatula-probe, medicine box, staphylagra, four bleeding-cups.Frankfort (Historical Museum). Four epilation forceps with sliding catch, two ligulae.
Kiel. Forceps of silver.
Cologne. Chisel, two forceps, pestle, phlebotome.
Museums in Austria.
Vienna. Staphylocaustus.
Museums in Greece.
Athens. Six knives (four from tomb in Milos, two from tomb in Tanagra); forceps and porte-caustic, large cup and chain (Tanagra); ex-voto tablet from Acropolis, representing box of scalpels and two cups, twenty-four spathomeles, one trivalve vaginal speculum.
Museums in Denmark.
Copenhagen (Thorwaldsen). Two epilation forceps, one ditto with leaf shaped ends and catch, three spoon probes, one spatula probe.
Museums in Switzerland.
The instruments from the Roman hospital at Baden, now in the Baden Museum, have already been summarized (page 22). Instruments in other museums in Switzerland are:
Basel Augst. (Augusta Rauracorum). Uvula forceps, probe, spoon-probe.
Avenches. Broken uvula forceps, two vulsella, spatula of bronze plated with silver, probes, needle.
Yverdon. Probes.
Bern. Two probes from Hermance, forceps and spatula probe from Tiefenau.
Lausanne. Spoon probe from BossÉaz and Allaz. Étui for probes, seal for medicament pots, vulsella.
Sierre. Four spoon probes, spatula probe, large needle.
Schaffhausen. Probe from Schleitheim.
ZÜrich (Landesmuseum). A. Fifteen specilla (spathomeles) all with a sharp-edged long and narrow spoon at one end and at the other an elongated knob; length 130-160 mm.; seven from Galgenbuck in Albisrieden, seven from Windisch, one from Upper Italy. B. Small bronze instrument probably for extracting weapons from wounds; present length 110 mm. (Naples). C. Probably a spatula for applying plaster (Athens). D. Ear spoons (three) of bone, 80-130 mm. long (two from Rome, one from Athens). E. Small bronze spatula, 125 mm. (Athens). F. Similar one of bone, 110 mm. (Windisch). G. Rod pointed at both ends, 155 mm. long (ZÜrich). H. Bronze rod with a depression 30 mm. long in the middle, 225 mm. long (Windisch).
Museums in Italy.
Naples. Bleeding-cups (fourteen), spoons with bone handles (two), lancet and spoon, shears (bronze), fleams (veterinary), cannulae for ascites (two), bone elevators (two), catheter (one male, one female), bone forceps, specula uteri, trivalve and quadrivalve, speculum ani, toothed forceps, cauteries (three), needles, tongue tie guard, enema tube, probes, whetstones, Étui, scalpels, medicament boxes, balances, ointment slabs.
Rome, Capitoline Museum. Curved double olivary probe, four spathomeles, four cyathiscomeles, thirty-six forceps toothed and plain, bodkins (four) eight cm. in length, three ear specilla, four ascites tubes, large scalpel, votive tablet with box of instruments.
Rome, Lateran Museum. Votive tablet representing forceps and other instruments.
Milan. Many knife blades, two bodkins, spathomele, two ligulae, scoop and curette, olive and stylet.
II. BIBLIOGRAPHY
Choulant.—De rebus Pompeianis ad medicinam facientibus. Leipzig, 1823.
Kuehn.—De instrumentis chirurgicis veteribus cognitis et nuper effossis. Leipzig, 1823.
In 1846-7 Benedetto Vulpes made a series of communications to the Royal Academy of Archaeology at Herculaneum as follows:—
(1) Illustrazione di un forcipe Ercolanese a branche curve. (March 3, 1846.)
(2) Memoria concernente la interpretazione dell’ uso di un forcipe Ercolanese di bronzo con le estremitÀ delle branche a semi-cucchiai dentellati: la illustrazione di due cannelli di bronzo anche trovati in Ercolano, de’ quali servivansi gli antichi per cavar l’acqua dall’ addomine degl’ idropici: l’indicamento di tre cannelli Pompejani di bronzo. (April 28, 1846.)
(3) Illustrazione degli specilli e di altri strumenti chirurgici affini trovati negli scavi di Ercolano e di Pompei. (September 15, 1846.)
(4) Descrizione dello speculum magnum matricis e dello speculum ani. (November 24, 1846.)
(5) Delle pinzette, degli ametti, degli aghi chirurgici e del tridente scavati en Ercolano e in Pompeii. (December 1, 1846.)
(6) Illustrazione degli strumenti chirurgici di ferro trovati in Ercolano e in Pompeii. (January 19, 1847.)
In March, 1846, Quaranta made a communication to the same Society entitled ‘Osservazioni sopra nu forcipe Pompeiano’, in which he expressed a different opinion from that held by Vulpes, and pointed out that the forceps described by the latter in his first communication was found in Pompeii. This is the famous forceps which is always referred to as the ‘Pompeian Forceps’.
These valuable papers of Vulpes and Quaranta were published in vol. vii of the Memorie della Regale Academia Ercolanese di Archeologia. These articles are profusely illustrated. In 1847 Vulpes gathered these papers together, and with some slight alterations published them under the title of ‘Illustrazione di tutti gli instrumenti chirurgici scavati in Ercolano e in Pompeii’.
At the time when Vulpes wrote there were in the Museum among other things 45 probes of various kinds, upwards of 90 forceps, 13 bleeding-cups of bronze, and 16 scalpels.
Vacher.—Les instruments de chirurgie À Herculanum et PompeÏ. (Gazette MÉdicale, 1867, xxii. pp. 491-94.)
Scoutetten.—Histoire des instruments de chirurgie trouvÉs À Herculanum et À PompeÏ. (France MÉdicale, Paris, 1867, xiv. p. 483.)
Overbeck.—Pompeji, 1884, p. 461.
Museo Borbonico, Vol. xiv. Pl. 35, Vol. xv. Pl. 23.
Ceci.—Piccoli bronzi del Museo Nazionale di Napoli.
Neugebauer.—Warsaw Medical Transactions, 1882.
Neugebauer.—Über Pincetten alter VÖlker. (Korrespondenzblatt der Deutschen Anthropologischen Gesellschaft, 1884, No. 11.)
Haeser.—Lehrbuch der Geschichte der Medicin, 1875, p. 499.
Guhl and Kohner.—Life of the Greeks and Romans, 1862, p. 296.
Monaco.—Guide GÉnÉral du MusÉe National de Naples. (Naples, 1900.)
Monaco.—Les monuments du MusÉe National de Naples.
Monaco.—Specimens of domestic articles from the Naples Museum (Naples, n.d.).
Lindenschmidt.—Die AltertÜmer unserer heidnischen Vorzeit, Bd. iv. Heft iii.
Anzeiger fÜr schweizerische Geschichte and Altertumskunde, Jahrgang 1857, No. 3.
Ulrich.—JahrbÜcher des Vereins fÜr Altertumsfreunde in den RheinlÄnden, xiv. 1849.
Ulrich.—Catalogue of the Collection of the Antiquarian Society of ZÜrich (now placed in the Landesmuseum). Pt. I. Roman and Pre-Roman, by R. Ulrich, Conservator. (Published by Ulrich & Co., 1890, p. 140, pl. 1037.)
Brunner.—Die Spuren der rÖmischen Aerzte auf dem Boden der Schweiz. (ZÜrich, 1894.)
Anonymous.—Un hÔpital militaire romain. ZÜrich. (A sketchy pamphlet published as an advertisement by the town of Baden.)Mitteilungen der Antiquarischen Gesellschaft, ZÜrich.—References of interest occur in the following volumes: vol. vii, Meyer, Geschichte der XI. und XXI. Legion; vol. ix, Mommsen, Die Schweiz in rÖmischer Zeit (15); vol. xii, Die rÖmischen Ansiedelungen in der Ostschweiz (19. M. B.); vol. xiv, Bochat, Recherches sur les antiquitÉs d’Yverdon; vol. xvi, RÖmische AlterthÜmer aus Vindonissa; RÖmische Ansiedelungen in der Ostschweiz, ii; vol. xvi, Bursian, Aventicum Helvetiorum, Mosaikbild von Orbe.
Tolouse.—Recherches historiques et archÉologiques sur divers points du vieux Paris (MÉmoires de la SociÉtÉ Dunkerkoise pour l’encouragement des Sciences, des Lettres et des Arts, 1885).
Haeser.—Lehrbuch der Geschichte der Medicin, 1875.
Freind.—History of Physick from the time of Galen to the beginning of the Sixteenth Century, 1725.
Daremberg.—Histoire des sciences mÉdicales, 1870.
McKay.—History of ancient Gynaecology, 1901.
Lambros.—?e?? s????? ?a? s????se?? pa?? t??? ???a????. Athens, 1895. An exhaustive monograph with many illustrations of ancient cups.
I. INDEX OF SUBJECTS
Abaptista, 129.
Abortion, artificial, 81.
Acanthobolus, 100.
Aesculapius, 19, 172.
Aetius, 4.
Albucasis, 8.
Alexander Trallianus, 6.
Ali Abbas, 8.
Amputation, 125, 130.
Antyllus, band of, 36, 164.
Aretaeus, 3.
Arrow scoop of Diocles, 142.
Ascites cannula, 112.
Aspiration syringe, 109.
Avicenna, 8.
Bellied scalpel, 27.
Bellows, 108.
Bistoury, blunt-pointed, 30.
curved, 43, 48.
probe-pointed, 43.
sharp-pointed, 28.
Blacksmith’s bellows, 108.
tongs, 136.
Bladder calculus, 145, 146.
sound, 145.
Blepharoxyston, 71.
Block, 125.
Blowpipe, 25.
Bodkin, 76, 158.
Bone, 17.
forceps, 135.
lever, 133.
Bougie, 145.
Bow drill, 127.
Box, collyrium, 170.
drug, 172.
ointment, 170.
scalpel, 170.
Boxwood cautery, 120.
Brass, 14.
Bronze, 14.
Buckle, 164.
Caelius Aurelianus, 4.
Calculus, bladder, 40, 135, 145, 146.
urethral, 64, 145, 147.
Cannula for ascites and empyema, 112.
for rectum and vagina, 113.
Case, instrument, 164, 168, 169, 170.
Cataract needle, 69.
Catgut, 162.
Catheter, 143.
Caustic forceps for haemorrhoids and uvula, 99.
spoon, 89.
Cautery, 116.
Celsus, 2.
Cephalotribe, 155.
Chair, obstetrical, 159.
Chisel, 122.
Clyster, 105.
Copper, 14, 58.
Couching needle, 69.
Cranioclast, 154.
Craniotome, 43.
Crowbill, 43.
Crusher, pile and uvula, 97.
Cupping vessel, 101.
Curette, 62, 65.
uterine, 157.
Curved bistoury, 43, 48.
Cuttlefish bone, 72.
Cyathiscomele, 61.
Damascening, 17, 25, 133, 172.
Decapitator, 154.
Deities, 19, 172.
Depilation, 90.
Dilator, rectal, 149.
uterine, 81.
vaginal, 150.
Diocles, scoop of, 142.
Dioscorides, 7.
Dipyrene, 56.
Director, grooved, 73.
Dissector, 60, 84, 85.
Donarium, 26, 147, 168, 170.
Douche, aural, 110.
bladder, 108.
rectal, 106.
uterine, 107.
vaginal, 107.
Drill, 126.
with guard, 129.
Ear probe, 63, 68.
syringe, 110.
Electrum, 16.
Elevator, bone, 133.
periosteal, 140.
tooth, 72, 134, 138.
Embryo hook, 152.
killer, 157.
Embryotome, 43.
Empyema, 27, 33, 112, 117, 132.
of lachrymal sac, 44.
Enema, 106.
Entropion, 55.
Epilation forceps, 90.
Étui, 168.
Excavator, dental, 138.
Fibula, 162, 164.
File, 139.
Fillet, 36, 156, 164.
Finds, 20.
Fistula knife, 47.
Forceps, blacksmith’s, 136.
bone, 135.
coudÉe, 96.
epilation, 90.
for applying caustic to piles and uvula, 98.
for crushing foetal cranium, 154.
for crushing piles and uvula, 97.
lithotomy, 147.
midwifery, 155.
pharyngeal, 100.
polypus, 93.
Pompeian, 135.
stump, 136.
tooth, 135, 136, 140.
tumour, 94.
uvula, 97.
varix, 135.
weapon, 139.
with sliding catch, 92, 96.
Fraenum guard, 62.
Fumigation, uterine, 158.
Fungi as cautery, 120.
Galen, 3.
Gold, 15.
Gouge, 123.
Granular lids, curette for, 71.
Grooved director, 73.
Haemorrhoids, crusher for, 98.
forceps for applying caustic to, 99.
Hammer, 125.
Handled needles, 69.
Haussa surgeon, 13.
Heister, 8.
Hemispathion, 38.
Hernia, 49, 118.
Hero of Alexandria, 7, 104, 109.
Hippocrates, 1.
Honain, 8.
Hook, blunt, 87.
eyed, 88.
lithotomy. 146.
sharp, 85.
traction, 152.
Horn, 16.
Hospital at Baden, 22.
Hygeia, 19, 173.
Hypospathister, 140.
Impellent, 141.
Inlaying, 17, 25, 133, 172.
Iron, 10.
Iscae, 120.
Ivory, 17, 76, 173.
Katias, 36.
Knife, 24.
Labour difficult, 31, 43, 135, 137, 152, 154, 155, 157.
Lancet, 28, 32.
Lead, 15, 166.
Lenticular, 124.
Lever, bone, 133.
Ligula, 77.
Lithotomy forceps, 147.
knife, 40.
scoop, 25, 41, 146.
Lithotripsy, 149.
Lithotrite, 148.
LÖffelsonde, 61.
Long dissecting knife of Galen, 31.
Marcellus, 6.
Meges, lithotomy knife of, 27, 41.
Meningophylax, 126, 135.
Minerva Medica, 19, 25, 79.
Mirror handle, 35.
Mortar, 165.
Moschion, 4.
Mounting scalpel blade, 24.
Myzon, 94.
Nasal insufflator, 111.
Needle, 69, 74, 75.
knife, 36.
netting, 84.
Obstetrical chair, 159.
Octavianus Horatianus, 6.
Oculist, 21.
Oilstone, 167.
Ointment box, 170.
slab, 171.
Ophthalmic needle, 69.
probe, 71.
scalpel, 44.
Oribasius, 3.
Ornamentation, 17.
Osteotome, 122.
Painter, 59, 62.
ParÉ, 8.
Paris, surgeon of, 20.
Patina, 19.
Paulus Aegineta, 6.
Perforator for foetal cranium, 43.
for lachrymal fistula, 133.
Periosteal elevator, 140.
Periscyphismus, 36.
Pessary, 159.
Pestle, 166.
Pharyngeal forceps, 100.
Phlebotome, 32.
Pile crusher, 98.
Plating, 18, 56, 61, 112.
Pocket companion, 92.
Polypus forceps, 93.
knife, 39.
Pompeian forceps, 135.
Portable outfit, 168.
Primitive shaving, 13.
Probe, 51.
Probe pointed bistoury, 43.
Pterygotome, 44.
Pumice, 71.
Pyulcus, 109.
Quill, 111, 115.
II. LATIN INDEX
Abaptista, 129.
Acus, 69, 74.
Anuloculter, 81, 157.
Asperatum specillum, 71.
Auriscalpium, 68.
Aversum specillum, 65.
Baca, 58.
Bacula, 53.
Calamus scriptorius, 114.
Clyster, 105.
Corvus, 44.
Cos, 166.
Cribrum, 165.
Cucurbitula, 101.
Cultellus, 30.
Culter, 30.
Ferramentum acutum in modo spathae factum, 39.
crassitudinis modicae prima parte tenui, 148.
cuius tertiam digiti partem, &c., 112.
factum ad similitudinem Graecae litterae Y, 84.
quo in sectione calculus protrahitur, 146.
quod a similitudine corvum vocant, 44.
rectum in summa parte labrosum, &c., 41.
Ferrum candens, 116.
Fibula, 162.
Ficulneum folium, 71.
Fistula aenea, 112.
Fistula fictilis, 120.
plumbea, 112.
Flebotomum, 33.
Forfex, 49.
Hamulus, 85.
Hamus, 85, 87.
Ligula, 77.
Lima, 139.
Limula, 139.
Malleolus, 125.
Membranae custos, 126.
Meningophylax, 126.
Modiolus, 131.
Mortarium, 165.
Novacula, 30.
Nucleus, 53.
Organon, 150.
Pessulum, 159.
Pessum, 159.
Pessus, 159.
Phlebotomum, 37.
Pilum, 165.
Rhinenchytes, 16, 109.
Rudicula, 58.
Sarcolabos, 95.
Scalpellus vel scalpellum, 27, 40.
Scalper, 121, 122, 123, 138.
Scalprum, 121, 122.
Serrula, 130.
Spathomela, 58.
Specillum, 51.
Speculum magnum, 150.
Spiculum aeneum, 157.
Spongia, 161.
Stilus, 72.
Strigilis, 88.
Stylus, 72.
Terebella, 126.
Terebra, 126.
Uncus, 146, 152, 154.
Vulsella, 90, 94, 136.
III. GREEK INDEX
??pt?st??, 129.
????st???, 85.
???t??, 162.
??????t???, 47.
?????????, 85.
a??????d??a?st??, 99.
??a???????, 100.
?????, 166.
?f?s????, 56.
??a??e??, 133.
??a??af????, 45.
??t??et??, 123.
?p??????, 63.
?t?a?t??, 120.
a???s???, 145.
??a???, 159.
e???????, 139.
?efa????t????, 97.
?efa????st??, 71.
?a?e?d??, 118.
?ast??d??, 28.
???ss???t????, 79.
??afe???, 72.
??af????, 114.
???f???, 72.
??af??, 72.
d?ap??????, 56.
d?aste????sa?, 81.
d?ast??e??, 81.
d?ast??t???, 81.
d??????, 83.
d??pt?a, 151.
d??pt????, 149.
d??pt??s??, 150.
d??st??, 141.
d??d??, 165.
?d??d?ast??e??, 149.
????pe??, 122.
??a?a????, 167.
???????st??, 154.
????sf??t??, 157.
????t???, 43.
?????????, 152.
???t??, 63.
?p???p??, 125.
????, 165.
???t??, 118.
??sp?????, 38.
???st??, 154.
??d???, 165.
?s?a?, 120.
?a?et??, 105, 145.
?a????, 36.
?a?a?s???, 112.
???a??, 114.
?ate??d???, 36.
?at??d???, 36.
?at?pt??, 149.
?a?t??, 116.
?a?t???d???, 116.
?a?t?????, 116.
???s??????, 136.
???st??, 105.
?????s??t??, 123.
??t????, 106.
??a??s???, 64, 77, 142.
??a???, 101.
?????s???, 123.
?????s??t??, 123.
???t??, 165.
????t???, 40.
?????????, 5, 147.
??a??a, 27.
a?a?????, 27.
a?a????, 27.
???
d?ast?????sa, 81.
d??????, 83.
??tet????, 83.
???t??, 63.
?s????, 69.
?f?a????, 71.
t?a?at???, 68.
???t??, 63.
???t???, 63.
??????f??a?, 126.
???e?d??, 118.
?t?e???t??, 107.
?t??, 113.
????s???, 133.
?d???, 94.
?d??s?e????, 96.
????, 120.
????f???, 117.
??st??, 121.
??st?????, 94, 121, 138.
??st?a, 88, 157.
?d??t???a, 136.
????, 31.
???e???, 32.
??????a???, 43.
??e??a????, 14.
????p????, 131.
?st???a, 135.
?f?a?????, 71.
pess??, 159.
pess??, 159.
p?est???, 154.
p?????t??, 118.
p?????t??, 10.
p???p????, 39.
p???p?d????, 39.
p???p???st??, 94.
p????, 130.
p??????, 119.
p??s?et??, 82.
pte????t???, 44.
pt????, 111, 115.
p???????, 109.
p????, 53.
p?????s???, 55.
????????, 139.
???e???t??, 109.
????, 139.
??????, 139.
sa???????, 94.
s?d????, 10.
s???a, 101.
s????p???, 28.
s????p?a?a?????, 28.
s????s??t??, 123.
s???, 52.
s???????, 38.
s???, 27, 52.
s?????, 45.
s????t??, 138.
s????, 167.
spa????, 38.
spa??st??, 140.
sp?????, 161.
staf?????a, 97.
staf??ep??t??, 89.
staf????a?st??, 98.
staf???t???, 46.
st???e?d??, 27.
s??????t???, 47.
s?????, 47, 120.
sf???s???, 119.
sf??a, 125.
t??et???, 127.
t?a?at????, 68.
t??a??a, 117.
t?????????, 90.
t?????a??, 90.
t??pa???, 126.
t?f?????st???, 87.
?d?????????, 85.
?pa?e?pt???, 51.
?p??e?pt???, 51.
?p?spa??st??, 140.
fa??t??, 118.
fa?a????, 118.
f?e?t???, 32.
f?e?t???, 32.
f?sa, 108.
?a?a?t??, 131.
????, 83.
????????, 131.
?a???, 49.
?te???t??, 110.
?t????, 110.
?t????f??, 63.
OXFORD
PRINTED AT THE CLARENDON PRESS
BY HORACE HART, M.A.
PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY
Plate I
Size of originals. | | Museum. |
1. 7cm,5 | | British |
2. 6cm | | " |
3. 9cm,5 | | " |
Plate II
Size of originals. | | Museum. |
1. 5cm,2 | | Saint-Germain |
2. 6cm | | " |
3. 10cm | | " |
4. 11cm,5 | | " |
5. 10cm,5 | | " |
6. 8cm,7 | | Puy-en-Velay |
7. 6cm | | Saint-Germain |
Plate III
Size of originals. | | Museum. |
1. 7cm,5 | | British |
2. 8cm,5 | | " |
3. 12cm,2 | | Author’s |
Plate IV
Size of originals. | | Museum. |
43 x 33cm | | Athens |
Plate V
Size of originals. | | Museum. |
1. 14cm,3 | | British |
2. 12cm,3 | | " |
3. 17cm | | Naples |
4. 15cm,5 | | " |
5. 17cm | | " |
6. 18cm | | " |
Plate VI
Size of originals. | | Museum. |
1. 15cm | | Naples |
2. 14cm | | Charleroi |
Plate VII
Size of originals. | | Museum. |
1. | | Modern catalogue |
2. 9cm,5 | | Cologne |
3. 7cm,8 | | Author’s |
4. 10cm,7 | | " |
5. 11cm | | Shrewsbury |
6. 7 | | After Heister. |
Plate VIII
Size of originals. | | Museum. |
1. 15cm | | Montauban |
2. 13cm,5 | | BibliothÈque Nationale |
3. 12cm | | Naples |
4, 5, 6. | | Hypothetical |
7. | | After Albucasis |
8. 14cm | | Orfila |
Plate IX
Size of originals. | | Museum. |
1. | | After Heister |
2, 3, 4. | | "Albucasis |
5. 10cm | | Baden |
6. 7cm | | After VÉdrÈnes |
Plate X
Size of originals. | | Museum. |
1. 15cm,7 | | Naples |
2. 6cm,5 | | Thorwaldsen |
3. 17cm,6 | | Naples |
4. 13cm,5 | | Author’s |
5. 10cm | | Naples |
Plate XI
Size of originals. | | Museum. |
1. 11cm,2 | | Author’s |
2. 8cm | | Baden |
3. 10cm,2 | | Author’s |
4. 18cm | | Author’s |
5. 12cm | | Saint-Germain |
Plate XII
Size of originals. | | Museum. |
1. 14cm,5 | | Naples |
2. 18cm | | Author’s |
3. 17cm,2 | | Author’s |
4. 18cm | | Athens |
Plate XIII
Size of originals. | | Museum. |
1. 18cm,5 | | Naples |
2. 16cm | | Mainz |
3. 17cm | | Athens |
4. 20cm | | Author’s |
Plate XIV
Size of originals. | | Museum. |
1. 17cm | | Naples |
2. 11cm | | Author’s |
3. 15cm,8 | | " |
4. 15cm,5 | | Mainz |
5. 12cm | | Author’s |
Plate XV
Size of originals. | | Museum. |
1. 17cm,2 | | Author’s |
2. 13cm | | " |
3. 16cm | | Naples |
4. 14cm | | Author’s |
5. 13cm,8 | | Baden |
Plate XVI
Size of originals. | | Museum. |
1. 15cm,3 | | After VÉdrÈnes |
2. 8cm,7 | | Saint-Germain |
3. 6cm | | " |
4. 7cm | | " |
5. 7cm | | " |
6. 6cm | | " |
7. 12cm,7 | | Author’s |
Plate XVII
Size of originals. | | Museum. |
1. 11cm,5 | | Baden |
2. 12cm,5 | | Author’s |
3. 14cm | | " |
4. 7cm | | " |
5. 10cm,5 | | " |
6. 12cm,5 | | Naples |
Plate XVIII
Size of originals. | | Museum. |
1. 11cm,2 | | Author’s |
2. 10cm,8 | | " |
3. 18cm,4 | | " |
4. 20cm | | " |
5. 10cm,5 | | " |
6. 10cm,5 | | " |
7. 14cm | | " |
8. 16cm,7 | | " |
Plate XIX
Size of originals. | | Museum. |
1. 7cm,8 | | Naples |
2. 12cm,2 | | " |
3. 14cm,2 | | " |
4. 17cm,5 | | British |
Plate XX
Size of originals. | | Museum. |
1. 17cm,5 | | Naples |
2. 11cm,4 | | After VÉdrÈnes |
3. 12cm | | Saint-Germain |
4. 12cm | | " |
5. 7cm,5 | | Naples |
6. 11cm,5 | | After VÉdrÈnes |
Plate XXI
Size of originals. | | Museum. |
1. 15cm | | After VÉdrÈnes |
2. 6cm | | Saint-Germain |
3. 18cm,2 | | Author’s |
4. 4cm | | Saint-Germain |
5. 8cm | | Author’s |
6. 10cm,2 | | " |
Plate XXII
Size of originals. | | Museum. |
1. 12cm | | British |
2. 7cm,5 | | " |
3. 13cm,2 | | " |
4. 14cm | | " |
5. 10cm | | " |
Plate XXIII
Size of originals. | | Museum. |
1. 14cm,2 | | Author’s |
2. 16cm,8 | | Saint-Germain |
3. 12cm,8 | | British |
4. 5cm,6 | | Saint-Germain |
Plate XXIV
Size of originals. | | Museum. |
1. 14cm,8 | | Saint-Germain |
2. 11cm,5 | | " |
3. 10cm,8 | | " |
4. 15cm,5 | | Author’s |
5. 17cm | | Naples |
Plate XXV
Size of originals. | | Museum. |
1. 21cm | | Author’s |
2. 13cm,3 | | After VÉdrÈnes |
Plate XXVI
Size of originals. | | Museum. |
1. 17cm | | Naples |
2. 9cm,5 | | Author’s |
3. 8cm | | Naples |
4. 6cm | | Guildhall |
5. 6cm,9 | | Author’s |
6. 15cm | | Naples |
Plate XXVII
Size of originals. | | Museum. |
1. 15cm,5 | | Toulouse |
2. 4cm,8 | | Saint-Germain |
3. 5cm,5 | | Mainz |
4. 11cm,8 | | Thorwaldsen |
5. 11cm,8 | | Saint-Germain |
Plate XXVIII
Size of originals. | | Museum. |
1. 12cm,4 | | British |
2. 10cm,5 | | Naples |
3. 12cm | | Author’s |
Plate XXIX
Size of originals. | | Museum. |
1. 17cm | | Toulouse |
2. 5cm,8 | | Saint-Germain |
3. 5cm | | Mainz |
4. 10cm | | Naples |
Plate XXX
Size of originals. | | Museum. |
1. 19cm | | British |
2. 18cm | | " |
Plate XXXI
Size of originals. | | Museum. |
1. 19cm | | Toulouse |
2. 20cm,2 | | Basle |
Plate XXXII
Size of originals. | | Museum. |
1. 15cm,2 | | After VÉdrÈnes |
2. 12cm,5 | | Vienna |
3. 11cm | | Naples |
Plate XXXIII
Size of originals. | | Museum. |
14cm,5 | | Athens |
Plate XXXIV
Size of originals. | | Museum. |
10cm,2 | | British |
Plate XXXV
Size of originals. | | Museum. |
15cm | | Naples |
Plate XXXVI
Size of originals. | | Museum. |
1. 2cm,8 | | Mainz |
2. | | After Alpinus |
3. 3cm | | Mainz |
Plate XXXVII
1. After Alpinus |
2."Hero |
3."Heister |
Plate XXXVIII
Size of originals. | | Museum. |
1. 13cm | | Naples |
2. 5cm,5 | | Baden |
3, 4, 5. | | After Hero |
Plate XXXIX
Size of originals. | | Museum. |
1. 17cm | | Naples |
2. 9cm | | " |
3. 12cm | | " |
Plate XL
Size of originals. | | Museum. |
1. 25cm | | Naples |
2, 3. | | After Vidius |
4. 15cm,5 | | Toulouse |
Plate XLI
Size of originals. | | Museum. |
1. 15cm,5 | | Naples |
2. 8cm,5 | | Cologne |
3. 11cm | | British |
Plate XLII
Size of originals. | | Museum. |
1. 18cm | | Guildhall |
2. 15cm | | " |
3, 4, 5. | | After Vidius |
Plate XLIII
Size of originals. | | Museum. |
21cm | | Naples |
Plate XLIV
Plate XLV
Size of originals. | | Museum. |
1. 26cm,5 | | Naples |
2. 20cm | | " |
3. 15cm | | Mainz |
4. | | Hypothetical |
Plate XLVI
Size of originals. | | Museum. |
1. 15cm | | Naples |
2. 11cm,5 | | " |
3. 11cm,5 | | " |
Plate XLVII
Size of originals. | | Museum. |
23cm | | Naples |
Plate XLVIII
Size of originals. | | Museum. |
23cm | | Athens |
Plate XLIX
Size of originals. | | Museum. |
31cm,5 | | Naples |
Plate L
Size of originals. | | Museum. |
1. 17cm | | Naples |
2. 15cm,3 | | After VÉdrÈnes |
Plate LI
Size of originals. | | Museum. |
1. 21cm | | Naples |
2. 3cm,3 | | After VÉdrÈnes |
3, 4. | | "Albucasis |
Plate LII
Size of originals. | | Museum. |
1. 6cm | | Cologne |
2. 3cm | | Toulouse |
3. 2cm × 4cm,2 | | Author’s |
4. 4cm,4 × 2cm,5 | | " |
5. 5cm | | Guildhall |
6. 4cm | | " |
7. 7cm | | " |
8. 3cm,6 | | " |
Plate LIII
Size of originals. | | Museum. |
1. 18cm | | Naples |
2. 17cm | | " |
Plate LIV
Size of originals. | | Museum. |
13cm × 7cm,5 | | Naples |
Footnotes:
[1] So says Briau (Paul D’Egine, p. 97), but it seems more likely to be derived from s????? ‘a spike’.
[2] BlÜmner, Technologie und Terminologie der Gewerbe und KÜnste bei Griechen und RÖmern, vol. iii. p. 458.