A Brief Bibliography Of Bimetallism.

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“The Report of the International Monetary Conference, 1878” (p. 754), contains an extended bibliography on money, by S. Dana Horton. Chevalier's third volume of his “Cours d'Économie politique,” entitled “Monnaie,” also gives a bibliography.

I. Standard of Value.—See Jevons, “Money and the Mechanism of Exchange,” chaps iii, xxv; S. Dana Horton, “Gold and Silver,” chap. iv, p. 36; F. A. Walker, “Political Economy,” pp. 363-368, “Money, Trade, and Industry,” pp. 56-77; Wolowski, “L'Or et l'Argent,” pp. 7, 22, 207; Mill, “Principles of Political Economy,” book iii, chap. xv; Walras, “Journal des Économistes,” October, 1882, pp. 5-13.

II. Bimetallic Theory.—Horton, “Gold and Silver,” p. 29; F. A. Walker, “Money, Trade, and Industry,” p. 157, “Political Economy,” p. 408; Giffen, “Fortnightly Review,” vol. xxxii (1879), p. 279; Wolowski, “L'Or et l'Argent,” p. 35; Jevons, ibid., chap, xii; A. J. Wilson, “Reciprocity, Bimetallism, and Land Reform,” p. 107; S. Bourne, “Trade, Population, and Food,” p. 227; Seyd, “The Decline of Prosperity,” and the various pamphlets of Cernuschi.

III. Operation of Gresham's Law.—Macaulay, chap. xxi for clipped coin of 1695; Jevons, ibid., pp. 80-85, also gives an example taken from the Japanese currency; for the case of France, see “Report of the Select Committee of the House of Commons on the Depreciation of Silver, 1876,” p. xlii, and Appendix, pp. 86, 148; for the United States, see supra, book iii, chap. vii, § 3. See, also, Lord Liverpool's “Treatise on the Coins of the Realm,” chap. xii, for changes in the coin of England.

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IV. Compensatory Effect of Two Standards.—Jevons, ibid., pp. 139, 140; F. A. Walker, “Political Economy,” pp. 411-416; Wolowski, “L'Or et l'Argent,” p. 28; Mannequin, “Journal des Économistes,” August, 1878, p. 202.

V. Effect of a League of States, or Law, on the Relative Value of Gold and Silver.—Giffen, “Fortnightly Review,” vol. xxxii (1879), pp. 285-290; Wolowski, “L'Or et l'Argent,” pp. 23, 24, 31; F. A. Walker, “Political Economy,” p. 410, “Report of the International Monetary Conference, 1878,” p. 74; Sumner, “Princeton Review,” vol. iv, p. 563; S. Dana Horton, “Report of the International Monetary Conference, 1878,” p. 741; Bourne, “Trade, Population, and Food,” pp. 228, 230; Jevons, “Contemporary Review,” vol. xxxix (1881), p. 750; S. Newcomb, “International Review” (1879), p. 314.

VI. Production of Gold and Silver; Relative Value of the Two Metals.—Ad. Soetbeer, Petermann's “Mittheilungen,” No. 57; “House of Commons Report on Depreciation of Silver,” 1876, Appendix, pp. 11, 12, 24; Bourne, “Statistical Journal,” vol. xlii, p. 409, gives Sir H. Hay's figures corrected by him to 1878; Spofford's “American Almanac,” 1878, gives tables from the “Journal des Économistes”; the figures of Seyd, Hay, Jacob, and Tooke and Newmarch are in the “House of Commons Report,” above. Also see, supra, book iii, chap. vi, for references.

The relative values of gold and silver since 1834, as given in Pixley and Abell's (London) tables, are trustworthy. Previous to 1834 there is much uncertainty. Soetbeer, ibid., gives Hamburg quotations since 1687. Another table, probably incorrect in places, is that of White, see “Report of the International Monetary Conference,” 1878, p. 647.

VII. Demonetization of Silver by Germany.—For copy of laws of 1871 and 1873, see “Report of Directors of the United States Mint, 1873,” p. 82; “House of Commons Report on Depreciation of Silver,” 1876, p. 18; “ConfÉrence MonÉtaire Internationale,” 1881, index, p. 215 for “Allemagne.”

VIII. Latin Union.—For treaty, see “Journal des Économistes,” May, 1866; “House of Commons Report,” ibid, xxxviii, Appendix, pp. 92, 98, 106-109, 116; “Report of Monetary Conference,” 1878, pp. 779-787.

IX. Flow of Silver to the East.—The figures of Sir Hector Hay after 1851, “House of Commons Report,” ibid., App., p. 24, are fullest, and should be combined with Pixley and Abell's figures for years before 1851, ibid., Appendix, p. 21. See also Bourne, “Statistical Journal,” 1879, p. 422; Waterfield, “House of Commons Report,” ibid., Appendix, pp. 171, 172, 174; Quetteville, ibid., p. 184; “ConfÉrence MonÉtaire Internationale,” 1881, p. 197; London “Economist,” February 24, 1883, Supplement, p. 7; “Parliamentary Documents,” 1881, vol. [pg 635] xciii; “Report of the Director of the United States Mint,” 1880 (in the Finance Report, 1880, p. 194); J. B. Robertson, “Westminster Review,” vol. cxv, p. 200.

X. Depreciation of Silver, 1876.—Causes, Bourne, ibid., pp. 206, 212, 222, 233; Wilson, ibid., p. 128; “House of Commons Report,” ibid.; Sumner, “Princeton Review,” vol. iv., p. 570; S. Newcomb, “International Review,” vol. vi (1879), p. 326; Cochut, “Revue des Deux Mondes,” i, December, 1883, p. 514; Cairnes, “Essays”; F. Bowen, “Minority Report of the United States Silver Commission,” 1878.

Supposed cause of panic of 1873, see Williamson, “Contemporary Review,” April 1879; Seyd, “Decline of Prosperity”; Bourne, ibid., pp. 226, 227.

XI. Appreciation of Gold.—Giffen, “Statistical Journal,” vol. xlii, p. 36, started the theory for the period 1873-1879. Also see Bourne, “Statistical Journal,” vol. xlii, p. 406; S. Newcomb, “International Review,” 1879, p. 329; Wolowski, ibid., pp. 29, 30; Goschen, “Journal of the Institute of Bankers” (London), vol. iv, part vi, May, 1883; Patterson, “Statistical Journal,” vol. xliii, p. 1; for table of prices see London “Economist” (e.g., December 28, 1878).

XII. Bimetallism in the United States.—See supra, book iii, chap. vii; for a vast array of materials, see “Report of the International Monetary Conference,” 1878; Linderman's “Money and Legal Tender”; the Finance Reports of the United States; and Congressional Documents. For the coinage laws of 1792, 1834, 1853, 1873, 1878, see pamphlet, “Extracts from the Laws of the United States relating to Currency and Finance,” by C. F. Dunbar. For detailed account of passage of Act of 1873, see “Report of the Comptroller of the Currency,” 1876, p. 170. Present situation, “Atlantic Monthly,” May, 1884, “The Silver Danger.”

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

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