PRINCIPLES OF CHEMISTRY CHAPTER XV THE GROUPING OF THE ELEMENTS AND THE PERIODIC LAW
CHAPTER XVI ZINC, CADMIUM, AND MERCURY
CHAPTER XVII BORON, ALUMINIUM, AND THE ANALOGOUS METALS OF THE THIRD GROUP
CHAPTER XVIII SILICON AND THE OTHER ELEMENTS OF THE FOURTH GROUP
CHAPTER XIX PHOSPHORUS AND THE OTHER ELEMENTS OF THE FIFTH GROUP
CHAPTER XX SULPHUR, SELENIUM, AND TELLURIUM
CHAPTER XXI CHROMIUM, MOLYBDENUM, TUNGSTEN, URANIUM, AND MANGANESE
CHAPTER XXII IRON, COBALT, AND NICKEL
CHAPTER XXIII THE PLATINUM METALS
CHAPTER XXIV COPPER, SILVER, AND GOLD
APPENDIX I
APPENDIX II
APPENDIX III
INDEX OF AUTHORITIES
SUBJECT INDEX
By D. MENDELÉEFF
TRANSLATED FROM THE RUSSIAN (SIXTH EDITION) BY
GEORGE KAMENSKY, A.R.S.M.
OF THE IMPERIAL MINT, ST PETERSBURG: MEMBER OF THE RUSSIAN PHYSICO-CHEMICAL SOCIETY
EDITED BY
T. A. LAWSON, B.Sc. Ph.D.
EXAMINER IN COAL-TAR PRODUCTS TO THE CITY AND GUILDS OF LONDON INSTITUTE FELLOW OF THE INSTITUTE OF CHEMISTRY
IN TWO VOLUMES
VOLUME II.
LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO
39 PATERNOSTER ROW, LONDON
NEW YORK AND BOMBAY
1897
All rights reserved
Table III.
The periodic dependence of the composition of the simplest compounds and properties of the simple bodies upon the atomic weights of the elements.
Molecular composition of the
higher hydrogen and
metallo-organic compounds | Atomic weights of the elements | Composition of the saline compounds, X=Cl | Peroxides | Lower hydrogen
compounds | Simple bodies |
| Sp. gr. | Sp. vol. | Melting
point |
| | | Br, (NO3), ½O, ½(SO4), OH, (OM)=Z, where M=K | | | | | |
| | | ½Ca, ⅓Al, &c. | | | | | |
| E=CH3, C2H5, &c. | | Form | RX | RX2 | RX3 | RX4 | RX5 | RX6 | RX7 | RX8 | | | | | |
| | | Oxides | R2O | RO | R2O3 | RO2 | R2O5 | RO3 | R2O7 | RO4 | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| [1] | [2] | [3] | [4] | [5] | [6] | | | [7] | [8] | [9] | [10] | [11] | [12] | [13] | [14] | [15] | [16] | [17] | [18] | [19] |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | HH | H | 1,005 | (mean) | | HX or H2O | | | | | | | | H2O2 | — | *0·05 | 20 | -250°? |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | Li | 7·02 | (Stas) | | LiX | | | | | | | | — | — | 0·59 | 11·9 | 180° |
| | | | | Be | 9·1 | (Nilson Pettersson) | | — | BX2 | | | | | | | — | BeH | 1·64 | 5·5 | 900°? |
| | BE3 | — | — | B | 11·0 | (Ramsay Ashton) | | — | — | BX3 | | | | | | — | — | 2·5 | 4·4 | 1,300°? |
| CH4 | C2H6 | C2H4 | C2H2 | C | 12·0 | (Roscoe) | | — | CO | — | COZ2 | | | | | C2O5* | — | *1·9 | 6·3 | 2,600°? |
| | NH3 | N2H4 | — | N | 14·04 | (Stas) | | N2O | NO | NOZ | NO2 | NO2Z | | | | N2O6* | N3H | *0·6 | 23 | -203° |
| | | OH2 | — | O | 16 | (conventional) | | — | OX2 | | | | | | | O3 | — | *0·9 | 18 | -230°? |
| | | — | FH | F | 19·0 | (Christiansen) | | FZ | — | | | | | | | — | — | ?1·0 | 19 | ? |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | NaE | Na | 23·04 | (Stas) | | NaX | | | | | | | | NaO | Na2H | 0·98 | 23·5 | 96° |
| | | MgE2 | — | Mg | 24·3 | (Burton) | | — | MgX2 | | | | | | | — | MgH | 1·74 | 14 | 500° |
| | AlE3 | — | — | Al | 27·1 | (Mallet) | | — | — | AlX3 | | | | | | — | — | 2·6 | 11 | 600° |
| SiH4 | Si2E6 | — | — | Si | 28·4 | (Thorpe Young) | | — | — | — | SiOZ2 | | | | | — | — | 2·3 | 12 | 1,300°? |
| | PH3 | P2H4 | — | P | 31·0 | (v. d. Plaats) | | — | — | PX3 | — | POZ3 | | | | — | P2H | 2·2 | 14 | 44° |
| | | SH2 | — | S | 32·06 | (Stas) | | — | SX2 | — | SOZ2 | — | SO2Z2 | | | S2O7 | — | 2·07 | 15 | 114° |
| | | | ClH | Cl | 35·45 | (Stas) | | ClZ | — | ClOZ | — | ClO2Z | — | ClO3Z | | — | — | *1·3 | 27 | -75° |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | K | 39·15 | (Stas) | | KX | | | | | | | | KO2 | K2H | 0·87 | 45 | 58° |
| | | | | Ca | 40·0 | (Dumas) | | — | CaX2 | | | | | | | CaO2 | CaH | 1·56 | 26 | 800° |
| | | | | Sc | 44·0 | (Nilson) | | — | — | ScX3 | | | | | | — | — | ?2·5 | ?18 | 1,200°? |
| | | | | Ti | 48·1 | (Thorpe) | | — | TiX2 | TiX3 | TiX4 | | | | | TiO3 | — | 3·6 | 13 | 2,500°? |
| | | | | V | 51·2 | (Roscoe) | | — | VO | VOX | — | VOZ3 | — | | | — | — | 5·5 | 9 | 3,000°? |
| | | | | Cr | 52·1 | (Rawson) | | — | CrX2 | CrX3 | CrO2 | — | CrO2Z2 | | | Cr2O7 | — | 6·7 | 7·7 | 2,000°? |
| | | | | Mn | 55·1 | (Marignac) | | — | MnX2 | MnX3 | MnO2 | — | MnO2Z2 | MnO3Z | | — | — | 7·5 | 7·3 | 1,500° |
| | | | | Fe | 56·0 | (Dumas) | | — | FeX2 | FeX3 | — | — | FeO2Z2 | | | — | FenH* | 7·8 | 7·2 | 1,450° |
| | | | | Co | 58·9 | (Zimmermann) | | — | CoX2 | CoX3 | CoO2 | | | | | — | — | 8·6 | 6·8 | 1,400° |
| | | | | Ni | 59·4 | (Winkler) | | — | NiX2 | NiX3 | | | | | | — | NinH | 8·7 | 6·8 | 1,350° |
| | | | | Cu | 63·6 | (Richards) | | CuX | CuX2 | | | | | | | Cu2O5* | CuH | 8·8 | 7·2 | 1,054° |
| | | ZnE2 | — | Zn | 65·3 | (Marignac) | | — | ZnX2 | | | | | | | ZnO2 | — | 7·1 | 9·2 | 418° |
| | GaE3 | — | — | Ga | 69·9 | (Boisbaudran) | | — | — | GaX3 | | | | | | — | — | 5·96 | 11·7 | 30° |
| GeE4 | — | — | — | Ge | 72·3 | (Winkler) | | — | GaX2 | — | GaX4 | | | | | — | — | 5·47 | 13·2 | 900° |
| | AsH3 | — | — | As | 75·0 | (Dumas) | | — | AsS | AsX3 | AsS2 | AsO2Z | | | | — | As4H* | 5·65 | 13·3 | 500° |
| | | SeH2 | — | Se | 79·0[A] | (Pettersson) | | — | — | — | SeOZ2 | — | SeO2Z2 | | | — | — | 4·8 | 16 | 217° |
| | | | BrH | Br | 79·95 | (Stas) | | BrZ | — | BrOZ | — | BrO2Z | — | BrO3Z | | — | — | 3·1 | 26 | -7° |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | Rb | 85·5 | (Godeffroy) | | RbX | | | | | | | | RbO | Rb2H* | 1·5 | 57 | 39° |
| | | | | Sr | 87·6 | (Dumas) | | — | SrX2 | | | | | | | SrO2 | SrH | 2·5 | 35 | 600°? |
| | | | | Y | 89 | (ClÈve) | | — | — | YX3 | | | | | | — | — | *3·4 | *26 | 1,000°? |
| | | | | Zr | 90·6 | (Bailey) | | — | — | — | ZrX4 | | | | | — | Zr4nH* | 4·1 | 2·2 | 1,500°? |
| | | | | Nb | 94 | (Marignac) | | — | — | NbX3 | — | NbO2Z | | | | — | NbnH* | 7·1 | 13 | 1,800°? |
| | | | | Mo | 96·1 | (Maas) | | — | — | MoX3 | MoX4 | — | MoO2Z2 | | | Mo2O7 | — | 8·6 | 11 | 2,200°? |
| Unknown metal (eka-manganese, Em = 99). | EmO3Z | | — | — | — | — | — |
| | | | | Ru | 101·7 | (Joly) | | — | RuX2 | RuX3 | RuX4 | — | RuO2Z2 | — | RuO4 | — | RunH* | 12·2 | 8·4 | 2,000°? |
| | | | | Rh | 102·7 | (Seubert) | | — | RhX2 | RhX3 | RhX4 | — | RhO2Z2 | | | — | RhnH* | 12·1 | 8·6 | 1,900°? |
| | | | | Pd | 106·4 | (Keller Smith) | | PdX | PdX2 | — | PdX4 | | | | | — | Pd2H | 11·4 | 8·3 | 1,500° |
| | | | | Ag | 107·92 | (Stas) | | AgX | | | | | | | | AgO | — | 10·5 | 10·3 | 950° |
|
