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Vol. I, p. 223, line 8: for Quirk read Quick.

Vol. II, p. 275, line 17: for Bedingsfield read Bedingfield.

Vol. II, p. 278, line 1:} " ", p. 282, line 14:} for Percival read Perceval.

THE END

Printed by Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons, Ltd., Bath.

FOOTNOTES:

[1] Political History of England, vol. X, 1760-1801.

[2] Coxe: Memoirs of Sir Robert Walpole.

[3] "The idea to tax the colonies seems to have been the King's, and it is said that Grenville believed that even the attempt must have alarming consequences." Galt: George III, his Court and Family.

[4] Recollections and Reflections.

[5] The King's Speech at the prorogation of Parliament on April 19, 1764, contained a reference to the measures respecting America. "The wise regulations which have been established to augment the public revenues, to unite the interests of the most distant possessions of my crown, and to encourage and secure their commerce with Great Britain, call for my hearty approbation."

[6] Henry Seymour Conway (1721-1795), lieutenant-general 1759, general 1772, field-marshal 1793.

[7] Colonel Isaac BarrÉ (1726-1802).

[8] Horace Walpole: Memoirs of George III.

[9] Life and Letters of Lady Sarah Lennox.

[10] Walpoliana.

"Lord Sussex told Sir Denis le Marchant that one of the Under-Secretaries of that day said to him, 'Mr. Grenville lost America because he read the American despatches, which his predecessors had never done;' and so complete a sinecure was the Board of Trade then considered, that a Colonel Bladen, one of the commissioners, happening to apply himself to the duties of his office, the Colonel went by the name of 'Trade,' while his colleagues were called 'The Board.'"—Albemarle: Memoirs of Rockingham.

[11] Phillimore: Life of Lyttelton.

[12] William Hunt: Political History of England, 1760-1801.

[13] Petitions from Provincial Assemblies were ignored by ministers at home, and even memorials from such important states as Massachusetts and New York, ordered by the King in Council to be laid before Parliament, were suppressed.

[14] Speech during the Debate on the Address, January 14, 1766.

[15] Anstey: The New Bath Guide.

[16] Adolphus: History of England.

[17] Almon: Collection of Papers.

[18] Stedman: History of the American War; Andrews: History of the American War.

[19] Albemarle: Memoirs of Rockingham.

[20] Thomas Nuthall, died 1775, appointed by Rockingham Solicitor to the Treasury, 1765.

[21] In this debate Edmund Burke, who was at the time Secretary to the Prime Minister, made his first speech, upon which he was congratulated by Pitt, who said, "It was seasonable, reasonable, and eloquent." Through it he first sprang into fame, but when some one expressed surprise at this sudden elevation, Dr. Johnson, who knew Burke and of course had read "The Vindication of Natural Society" and "On the Sublime and Beautiful," exclaimed, "Sir, there is no wonder at all. We, who know Mr. Burke, know that he will be one of the first men in the country."

[22] Essay on William Pitt, Earl of Chatham.

[23] "The events of yesterday in the House of Commons have shown the amazing power and influence which Mr. Pitt has whenever he takes part in debate."—Lord Rockingham to the King.

[24] Life of Lord Camden.

[25] Chatham Correspondence.

"My position is this. I repeat it. I will maintain it to my latest hour. Taxation and representation are inseparable. This position is founded on the laws of nature. It is more. It is an eternal law of nature; for whatever is a man's own is absolutely his own. No man has a right to take it from him without his consent, either expressed by himself or his representatives. Whoever attempts to do so attempts an injury. Whoever does it commits a robbery. He throws down and destroys the distinction between liberty and slavery."—Lord Camden in the House of Lords, February 24, 1766.

[26] Grenville Papers.

[27] "Lord Northumberland's son, Lord Warkworth, having married Lord Bute's daughter, was admitted to the King's private junto, which met daily at this time at Mr. Stow's. It consisted of Lord Bute, Lord Northumberland, Lord Mansfield, Sir Fletcher Norton, Mr. Stow, and Mr. Stow's brother, the Primate of Ireland."—Rockingham Memoirs, 1765.

[28] See supra, vol. ii, pp. 41-2.

[29] Memoirs of George III.

[30] For a full investigation of this question, see Jesse: Memoirs of George III. (Second edition, 1867; vol. I, p. 360 et supra.)

[31] Last Journals.

[32] Historical Sketches of Statesmen.

[33] George III, his Court and Family.

[34] Walpole: Memoirs of George III.

[35] Albemarle: Memoirs of Rockingham.

[36] "I don't pretend to be like Henry Conway, who walks up to the mouth of a cannon with as much coolness and grace as if he was going to dance a minuet."—George Stanhope.

[37] Albemarle: Memoirs of Rockingham.

[38] Chatham Correspondence.

[39] Dr. Hunt believes that the "over-ruling influence" Pitt thought he detected was that of the Duke of Newcastle.

[40] Recollections and Reflections.

[41] Lord Hardwicke: Memorial.

[42] "Lord Rockingham afterwards declared that he had never enjoyed such distinguished marks of the royal kindness as during a period when the influence of Great Britain was paralysed; every foreign capital had the knowledge that the existing Prime Minister would not remain in office ten minutes after a successor could be found for him."—Trevelyan: Early Life of Fox.

[43] Albemarle: Memoirs of Rockingham.

[44] Ibid.

[45] Bedford Correspondence.

[46] Basil Fielding, sixth Earl of Denbigh.

[47] Walpole: Memoirs of George III.

[48] Albemarle: Memoirs of Rockingham.

[49] Walpole: Memoirs of George III.

[50] Albemarle: Memoirs of Rockingham.

[51] Walpole: Memoirs of George III.

[52] Albemarle: Memoirs of Rockingham.

[53] Albemarle: Memoirs of Rockingham; Walpole: Memoirs of George III; etc. "The King complained that Lord Rockingham had taxed him with breach of his word."—Walpole: Memoirs of George III.

[54] Albemarle: Memoirs of Rockingham.

[55] Memoirs of George III.

[56] A Short Account of a late Short Administration.

[57] Chatham Correspondence.

[58] Albemarle: Memoirs of Rockingham.

[59] Albemarle: Memoirs of Rockingham.

[60] Ibid.

[61] Memoirs of the Reign of George III.

[62] Thackeray: Life of Chatham.

[63] "Lord Chatham found it necessary to gain new friends, and enfeeble his opponents; but his endeavours failed. The harsh manner in which he dismissed Lord Edgcumbe from the appointment of Treasurer of the Household, with a view to gratify the Duke of Newcastle by bestowing it on Sir John Shelley, the Duke's near relation, disgusted many respectable members of Administration. The Duke of Portland, the Earls of Bessborough and Scarborough, and Lord Monson, withdrew their support; and Sir Charles Saunders, Sir William Meredith and Admiral Keppel, resigned their places at the Board of Admiralty."—Adolphus: History of England, November, 1766.

Overtures were made to the "Bloomsbury Gang," but without any real effectual result, for, though one or two of the minor members joined the Government, the Duke of Bedford held aloof.

[64] Trevelyan: The Early Life of C. J. Fox.

[65] Correspondence of George III with Lord North.

[66] Afterwards fourth Duke of Queensbury.

[67] Alexander Montgomerie, tenth Earl of Eglington.

[68] In the farce of "Padlock," Don Lorenzo asks his black servant Mungo, "Can you be honest?" to which Mungo replies, "What you give me, Massa?" BarrÉ, who was present, promptly nicknamed Jeremiah Dyson "Mungo," and by this designation he was henceforth known.

[69] Albemarle: Memoirs of Rockingham.

[70] Burns: A Dream.

[71] Chatham Correspondence.

[72] Mary Berry: Journals.

[73] Chatham Correspondence.

[74] Chatham Correspondence.

[75] Memoirs of George III.

[76] Phillimore: Life of Lyttelton.

[77] Chatham Correspondence.

[78] "I think I have a right to insist on your remaining in my service; for I with pleasure look forward to the time of your recovery, when I may have your assistance in resisting the torrent of factions this country so much labours under."—George III to Lord Chatham.

[79] Memoirs of George III.

[80] Nancy Parsons subsequently married Lord Maynard, an event duly chronicled by an anonymous pamphleteer in "A Letter to a Celebrated Young Nobleman on His Late Nuptials," 1777. "I will not on this occasion pay your Lordship so bad a compliment as to enumerate Lady Maynard's charms; all the world knows them as well as yourself; her virtues you alone are acquainted with."

[81] His first wife having divorced him, he married a daughter of the Rev. Richard Wriothesley.

[82] Nicholls: Recollections, Personal and Political.

[83] "The account of the Cabinet Council being put off—first for a match at Newmarket, and secondly because the Duke of Grafton had company in his house—exhibits a lively picture of the present administration."—George Grenville to Whately, October 20, 1767.

[84] Letter signed "Philo-Junius," June 22, 1769.

[85] "At length the clouds which had gathered over his mind broke and passed away. His gout returned, and freed him from a more cruel malady. His nerves were newly braced. His spirits became buoyant. He woke as from a sickly dream. It was a strange recovery. Men had been in the habit of talking of him as of one dead, and, when he first showed himself at the King's levÉe, started as if they had seen a ghost. It was more than two years and a half since he had appeared in public."—Macaulay: The Earl of Chatham.

[86] See ante vol. I, pp. 266-7.

[87] Historical Memoirs of My Own Times.

[88] "We have independent mobs that have nothing to do with Wilkes, and who only take advantage of so favourable a season. The dearness of provisions incites—the hope of increase of wages allures—and drink puts them in motion. The coal-heavers began; and it is well it is not a hard frost, for they have stopped all coals coming to town. The sawyers rose, too, and at last the sailors, who have committed great outrages in merchant-ships and prevented their sailing."—Horace Walpole, May, 1768.

[89] Lord Camden was a poor man, and would have been much inconvenienced by his dismissal, had not Chatham earlier secured to him a pension of £1,500.

[90] Albemarle: Memoirs of Rockingham.

[91] Trevelyan: Early Life of C. J. Fox.

[92] Frederick, Lord North (1732-1792), succeeded his father as second Earl of Guilford in 1790. He is, however, better known as Lord North.

[93] "As Lord Bute gradually retired into the shade of private life, and became insensibly forgotten, Mr. Jenkinson proportionately came forward in his own person, and on his own proper merits. Throughout the whole period of Lord North's administration from 1770 down to 1782, his intercourse with the King, and even his influence over the royal mind, were assumed to be constant, progressive, commensurate with, and sometimes paramount to, or subversive of, the measures proposed by the First Minister. However difficult of proof such assertions were, and however contrary, as I believe, they were to truth or fact, they did not operate the less forcibly on the bulk of the nation, and were not less eagerly credited by men of all parties. No denials on the part of persons in power could erase the impression, which newspapers and pamphlets industriously circulated throughout the kingdom."—Wraxall: Historical Memoirs of My Own Times.

[94] Memoirs of George III.

[95] Albemarle: Memoirs of Rockingham.

[96] Letter to a Noble Lord.

[97] Correspondence of George III with Lord North.

[98] Ibid.

[99] Thackeray: The Four Georges.

[100] Correspondence of George III with Lord North.

[101] On February 15, 1802, Addington delivered a message to the Commons from the King. "His Majesty feels great concern in acquainting the House of Commons that the provision made by Parliament for defraying the expenses of his household, and civil government, has been found inadequate to their support. A considerable debt has, in consequence, been unavoidably incurred, an account of which he has ordered to be laid before this House. His Majesty relies with confidence on the zeal and affection of his faithful Commons, that they will take the same into their early consideration, and adopt such measures as the circumstances may appear to them to require." The amount required was in round figures £1,000,000, and the reasons alleged for the deficit were the dearness of provisions, the expenses caused by the younger princes and princesses who were growing up, the marriage of the Prince of Wales, and the support of Princess Charlotte of Wales.

[102] Correspondence of George III with Lord North.

[103] Ibid.

[104] Ibid.

[105] Correspondence of George III with Lord North.

[106] Ibid.

[107] Memoirs of Lord Waldegrave.

[108] Albemarle: Memoirs of Rockingham.

[109] Historical Memoirs of My Own Times.

[110] Memoirs of George III.

[111] Historical Sketches of Statesmen.

[112] Historical Sketches of Statesmen.

[113] Ibid.

[114] Byron: The Vision of Judgment.

[115] Byron: The Vision of Judgment.

[116] Ibid.

[117] Albemarle: Memoirs of Rockingham.

[118] Harry Powlett, sixth Duke of Bolton—the "Captain Whiffle" of Roderick Random.

[119] Albemarle: Memoirs of Rockingham.

[120] Lady Sarah Lennox: Life and Letters.

[121] Lady Sarah Lennox: Life and Letters.

[122] Walpole: Memoirs of George III.

[123] Ibid.

[124] Charlotte, Countess of Essex.

[125] Wife of Charles, third Duke of Richmond.

[126] Wife of Sir William Stanhope.

[127] Historical Memoirs of My Own Times. "Her husband, the Earl of Tyrconnel, might be said to contribute about this time more than any nobleman about the court to the recreation of the reigning family, for, while his wife formed the object of the homage of one prince of the blood, his sister, had long presided in the affections of another. Lady Almeria Carpenter, one of the most beautiful women of her time, but to whom Nature had been sparing of intellectual gifts, was the person that attracted the Duke of Gloucester, who soon forgot all he had gone through for his wife."

[128] Letters of Lady Jane Coke.

[129] Walpole: Memoirs of George III.

[130] Early Life of C. J. Fox.

[131] Walpole: Memoirs of George III.

[132] "The Duke of Gloucester has professed a passion for the Dowager Waldegrave. He is never from her elbow. This flatters Harry Walpole not a little, though he pretends to dislike it."—Gilly Williams to George Selwyn, December, 1764.

[133] Life and Letters of Lady Sarah Lennox.

[134] For years there was a rumour that the Duke of Cumberland had married Olive Wilmot in 1767, and Miss Wilmot's daughter (afterwards Mrs. Serres) called herself Princess Olive of Cumberland. An attempt to prove the authenticity of the alleged marriage was brought before the courts in 1866 by Mrs. Ryves, a daughter of "Princess Olive," but the documents shown in support of the claim were proved to be spurious, and it was dismissed. However, according to Mr. Percy Fitzgerald, the Duke of Kent thought there was "something" in Mrs. Serres's story, "and tried to get some attention paid to her claims. Not having any money of his own, he was said to have asked Robert Owen to make her some advances, whilst he guaranteed." (The Family of George III.) A probable solution is that Olive Wilmot was the Duke s mistress.

[135] Lady Anne Luttrell, daughter of Simon, Earl of Carhampton, and wife of Christopher Horton, of Catton Hall, Derby.

An amusing story is told À propos of Lord Carhampton and the Prince Regent. The Earl was seriously ill in 1812, and the rumour came to Carlton House that he was dead, whereupon the Prince, without waiting to authenticate the news, immediately gave away the colonelcy of the regiment of carabineers which Lord Carhampton held. The report reached the sick man, who instantly sent a friend to Pall Mall to tell his Royal Highness that he hoped to recover, and therefore begged him to dispose of any other regiment in the service except the carabineers. His Royal Highness might rest assured, the Earl added, that he would give special directions to his attendants not to lose a moment, after it was ascertained that he was really dead, in conveying the news to Carlton House.

[136] Memoirs of George III.

[137] Percy Fitzgerald: The Family of George III.

[138] Trevelyan: Early Life of Charles James Fox.

[139] Chatham Correspondence.

[140] Recollections and Reflections.

[141] Correspondence between George III and Lord North.

[142] "Peregrine the Elder": An Heroic Epistle to an Unfortunate Monarch. 1778.

Other squibs will be found in the present writer's The First Gentleman of Europe, where the text of the Royal Marriage Act is given, À propos of the union of the Prince of Wales and Mrs. Fitzherbert.

[143] William Frederick succeeded his father as Duke of Gloucester, 1805; married Princess Mary, fourth daughter of George III, 1816.

[144] "In their boyhood each had manifested that serious, reserved and pious disposition which happily preserved them from plunging into those youthful irregularities which subsequently disgraced the careers of their brothers, the Dukes of York and Cumberland. Each had suffered from the effects of a faulty education; each, on reaching manhood, had happily had the sagacity to appreciate the grievous disadvantage which it imposed upon them, and each, by diligent study, had endeavoured to make up for the faults and deficiencies of the past."—Jesse: Memoirs of George III.

[145] Wraxall: Historical Memoirs of My Own Times.

[146] Memoirs of George III.

[147] Thackeray: Life of Chatham.

[148] Adolphus: History of England.

[149] The Farmer's Letters.

[150] Reflections, Personal and Political.

[151] Speech on American Taxation, 1774.

[152] Recollections and Reflections.

[153] Chatham Correspondence.

[154] Ibid.

[155] Letters of "Junius."

[156] Bancroft: History of the American Revolution.

[157] Grahame: History of the United States.

[158] Bancroft: History of the American Revolution.

[159] Wills Hill (1718-1793), succeeded as second Viscount Hillsborough 1742, created Irish Earl 1751, and Marquis of Downshire 1789.

[160] Bancroft: History of the American Revolution.

[161] Speech on American Taxation, 1774.

[162] Trevelyan: Early Life of Charles James Fox.

[163] "I am grieved to observe that the landed interest is almost altogether anti-American, though the common people hold the war in abhorrence, and the merchants and tradesmen, for obvious reasons, are likewise against it."—Lord Camden to Lord Chatham, February, 1775.

[164] Recollections and Reflections.

[165] Correspondence of George III with Lord North.

[166] Nicholls: Recollections and Reflections.

[167] George Selwyn: His Life and Letters.

[168] Nicholls: Reflections Personal and Political.

[169] Walpole: Last Journals.

[170] Mahon: History of England.

[171] "I had the fortune [at Paris] to be treated with the sight of what, next to Mr. Pitt, has occasioned most alarm in France, the Beast of the GÉvandon."—Walpole to Lady Mary Coke, 1765.

[172] Lecky: History of England.

[173] In 1778 Sir George Saville introduced a Bill to enable Catholics in England who abjured the temporal jurisdiction of the Pope to purchase and inherit land, and to free their priests from liability to imprisonment. The outcome of this was the Gordon Riots.

[174] "My subjects! My army! My dominions! My colonies! the odds, however, even at St. James's are, that we shall hear no more of my colonies from the same quarter."—Note by the author of the lampoon.

[175] Peregrine the Elder: An Heroic Epistle to an Unfortunate Monarch.

[176] Correspondence of George III with Lord North.

[177] Last Journals, March, 1778.

[178] Albemarle: Memoirs of Rockingham.

[179] Chatham Correspondence.

[180] Correspondence of George III with Lord North.

[181] Albemarle: Memoirs of Rockingham.

[182] Correspondence of George III with Lord North.

[183] Ibid.

[184] Correspondence of George III with Lord North.

[185] Mahon: History of England.

[186] Selwyn: His Life and Letters.

[187] Correspondence of George III with Lord North.

[188] Correspondence of George III with Lord North.

[189] Correspondence of George III with Lord North.

[190] Wraxall: Historical Memoirs of My Own Times.

[191] Lecky: History of England.

[192] In November, 1779, Lord Gower resigned his office on the ground that the war "must end in ruin to his Majesty and the country"; and North, after informing the King that he had endeavoured to dissuade his colleague from leaving the ministry, added: "In the argument Lord North had certainly one disadvantage, which is that he holds in his heart, and has held for three years past, the same opinion with Lord Gower."

[193] Duke of Grafton: Autobiography.

[194] George Selwyn: His Life and Letters.

[195] Letter of John Adams to John Jay, American Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, June 9, 1783.

[196] Afterwards Earl of Sandwich.

[197] Wraxall: Historical Memoirs of My Own Times.

[198] Nicholls: Recollections and Reflections.

[199] Albemarle: Memoirs of Rockingham.

[200] Albemarle: Memoirs of Rockingham.

[201] Nicholls: Recollections and Reflections.

[202] Shelburne was most unpopular and always suspected of insincerity. It was to him that Goldsmith made the singularly mal-À-propos remark: "Do you know, I could never conceive the reason why they call you Malagrida, for Malagrida was a very good sort of man."

[203] Wraxall: Historical Memoirs of My Own Times.

[204] Historical Memoirs of My Own Times.

[205] Correspondence of George III with Lord North.

[206] Russell: Life and Times of C. J. Fox.

[207] "The autumnal session of Parliament was opened on November 27 by a speech from the Throne, the language of which was not less determinate than it had ever been in maintaining the necessity of continuing the most vigorous exertions for the preservation of the essential rights and permanent interests of the country."—Aikin: The Annals of the Reign of George III.

[208] Recollections and Reflections.

[209] George Selwyn: His Life and His Letters.

[210] Ibid.

[211] Edward, twelfth Earl of Derby (1752-1834).

[212] George Selwyn: His Life and His Letters.

[213] Prior: Life of Burke.

[214] Prior: Life of Burke.

[215] Hunt: Political History of England (1760-1801).

[216] Nicholls: Recollections and Reflections.

[217] Huish: Public and Private Life of George III.

[218] "Burke, who manifested the greatest reluctance to quit the Pay Office, required rather to be impelled in making that sacrifice, than appeared to feel any spontaneous disposition towards resigning so lucrative an appointment, of which he had scarcely tasted the first fruits."—Wraxall: Historical Memoirs of My Own Times.

[219] Historical Memoirs of My Own Times.

[220] Walpole: Last Journals.

[221] Recollections and Reflections.

[222] "The present King [George IV]," Lord Holland wrote, "told me a story of his father's plan of retiring to Hanover, and described, with more humour than filial reverence, his arrangement of the details, and especially of the liveries and dresses, about which he was so earnest that it amounted almost to insanity."—Memorials of Fox.

[223] Wraxall: Historical Memoirs of My Own Times.

[224] "It is said and believed that Lord Temple used the King's name and got many votes by it; even at the last critical moment, Lord Graham did all he could to bring the old Duke of Montrose to the House against the Bill; but the old soul nobly resisted, and told him he was too old to turn fool or knave, having as yet deserved neither of these epithets during a long life. But poor pitiful changelings who tremble at the King's name were soon found, and as you know they carried it on Wednesday."—Lady Sarah Napier to Lady Susan O'Brien, December 19.

[225] Life and Letters of Lady Sarah Lennox.

[226] Quoted in Massey's History of the Reign of George III.

[227] Historical Memoirs of My Own Times.

[228] The Rolliad.

[229] Galt: George III, his Court and Family.

[230] On March 23, 1784, the Great Seal of England was stolen from the Lord Chancellor's house in Great Ormond Street. It was taken from a drawer of a writing table, in which nothing else was disturbed. Much discussion arose, consequently, and there was a suspicion that the theft might have been inspired by political reasons, since there was a doubt whether Parliament could be dissolved except under the Great Seal.

[231] Wraxall: Historical Memoirs of His Own Times.

[232] Ibid.

When Mrs. Delany praised George III for his moderation, "No, no, it is no virtue," replied the monarch, "I only prefer eating plain and little, to growing diseased and infirm."—Diary and Letters of Madame D'Arblay.

[233] Reminiscences of the fifth Earl of Carlisle.

[234] Papendiek: Court and Private Life.

[235] Diary and Letters of Madame D'Arblay.

[236] Grenville Papers.

[237] "On the day previous to the celebration of the Queen's birthday in 1782 [the Queen's birthday was officially recognized in the middle of January], the King was extremely indisposed, and was twice let blood. At the Drawing-room next day his Majesty was seized with a bleeding at the nose, and was obliged to retire very soon after three o'clock; and his Majesty continued so much indisposed that he did not appear in the ball-room in the evening. In a few days his Majesty was so much recovered as to be deemed entirely out of danger."—Southy: Authentic Memoirs of George the Third.

[238] Court and Private Life.

[239] Jesse: Memoirs of George III.

[240] It was not only at Windsor that George addressed him to the passers-by. "This, I suppose, is Worcester New Bridge," he asked some one in the streets of Worcester. "Yes, please your Majesty." "Then," said the King, "let me have a huzza"; and taking off his hat, he set the example.—Georgiana.

[241] Diary and Letters of Madame D'Arblay.

[242] Stanhope: Life of Pitt.

[243] Relics of Royalty.

[244] History of the Royal Malady, with Variety of Entertaining Anecdotes, to which are added Strictures of the Declaration of Horne Tooke, Esq., respecting "Her Royal Highness the Princess of Wales," commonly called Mrs. Fitzherbert. With Interesting Remarks on a Regency. By a Page of the Presence. (1789.)

The narrative of the illness of George III is headed, presumedly to evade prosecution, "Curious and Entertaining Anecdotes of Henry IV, King of France."

[245] Diary and Letters of Madame D'Arblay.

[246] Ibid.

[247] Moore: Life of Sheridan.

[248] Dr. Ray: The Insanity of King George III.

[249] George Selwyn: His Life and Letters.

[250] "It was found impossible, however, to divert public attention from the lengthy confinement of the King in 1788, and in November the Queen was greatly offended by some anecdote relative to the indisposition which appeared in The Morning Herald, and after instructing Miss Burney to burn the paper, she sought for some one who should represent to the editor that 'he must answer at his peril any further such treasonable paragraphs.'"—The Diary and Letters of Madame D'Arblay.

[251] Diary and Letters of Madame D'Arblay.

[252] "Gretford and its vicinity at that time exhibited one of the most peculiar and singular sights I ever witnessed. As the unprepared traveller approached the town he was astonished to find almost all the surrounding ploughmen, gardeners, threshers, thatchers and other labourers attired in black coats, white waistcoats, black silk breeches and stockings, and the head of each 'bien poudre, frise, et arrange.' These were the Doctor's patients; and dress, neatness of person, and exercise being the principal features of his admirable system, health and cheerfulness conjoined to aid the recovery of every person attached to that most valuable asylum. The Doctor kept an excellent table, and the day I dined with him I found a numerous company. Nothing occurred out of the common way till soon after the cloth was removed, when I saw the Doctor frown at a patient who immediately hastened from the room, taking with him my tail, which he had slyly cut off."—Life and Times of Frederick Reynolds.

[253] Diary and Correspondence of the first Earl of Malmesbury.

[254] The Insanity of George III.

[255] Historical Memoirs of his Own Times.

[256] Papendiek: Court and Private Life.

[257] Dr. Ray: The Insanity of King George III.

[258] Duke of Buckingham: Court and Cabinets of George III.

[259] "Edmund Burke arose a little after four and is speaking yet. He has been wilder than ever, and laid himself and party open more than ever speaker did. He is folly personified, but shaking his cap and bells under the laurel of genius.... He finished his wild speech in a manner next to madness," so Sir W. Young wrote to Lord Buckingham; and, indeed, throughout the debates Burke, as Pitt put it scathingly, "displayed a warmth that seemed to have arisen from his entertaining wishes different from the rest of the House."

[260] Duke of Buckingham: Courts and Cabinets of George III.

[261] Papendiek: Court and Private Life.

[262] Ray: The Insanity of King George III.

[263] Georgiana.

[264] Diaries of a Lady of Quality. Edited by Abraham Hayward.

[265] Elizabeth, Countess of Pembroke, daughter of Charles, second Duke of Marlborough.

[266] Reminiscences of the fifth Earl of Carlisle.

[267] Court and Private Life.

[268] Diary and Letters of Madame D'Arblay.

[269] Pellew: Life of Lord Sidmouth.

[270] Auckland Correspondence.

[271] Lady Minto: Life of Sir Gilbert Elliot.

[272] Pellew: Life of Lord Sidmouth.

[273] Wraxall: Posthumous Memoirs of His Own Times.

[274] Papendiek: Court and Private Life.

[275] Diary and Letters of Madame D'Arblay.

[276] "The ladies at White's Club are to be dressed in white and gold. On the front of their caps they are to have a motto 'God save the King' in gold letters. The Prince and Duke of York were offered tickets, which they refused, but desired to subscribe. This was agreed to, but they are not to come. The Opposition ladies follow the example, but decline coming to the ball, but there will probably be some exceptions."—Cornwallis Papers.

[277] George III had fifteen children by his wife: George, Prince of Wales (1762-1830); Frederick, Duke of York (1763-1827); William, Duke of Clarence (1765-1837); Edward, Duke of Kent (1767-1820); Ernest, Duke of Cumberland and King of Hanover (1771-1851); Augustus, Duke of Sussex (1773-1843); Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge (1774-1850); Octavius (1779-1783); Alfred (1780-1782); Charlotte, afterwards Queen of WÜrtemburg (1766-1828); Augusta (1768-1840); Elizabeth, afterwards Landgravine of Hesse-Homburg (1770-1840); Mary, afterwards Duchess of Gloucester (1776-1857); Sophia (1777-1848); Amelia (1783-1810).

[278] Massey: History of England.

[279] Court and Private Life.

[280] Mrs. Papendiek: Court and Private Life.

[281] See supra, vol. ii, p. 282.

[282] Quoted in Fitzgerald's Family of George III.

[283] Life and Letters of Sir Gilbert Elliot.

[284] The present writer has given a detailed sketch of the life of the Prince of Wales in The First Gentleman of Europe.

[285] Papendiek: Court and Private Life.

[286] Diary and Letters of Madame D'Arblay.

[287] Diary and Letters of Madame D'Arblay.

[288]

"Windsor, November 24, 1794.

"Mr. Pitt cannot be surprised at my being very much hurt at the contents of his letter. Indeed, he seems to expect it, but I am certain that nothing but the thinking it his duty could have instigated him to give me so severe a blow. I am neither in a situation of mind, nor from inclination, inclined to enter more minutely into every part of his letter; but I am fully ready to answer the material part, namely, that though loving very much my son, and not forgetting how he saved the Republic of Holland in 1793, and that his endeavours to be of service have never abated, and that to the conduct of Austria, the faithlessness of Prussia, and the cowardice of the Dutch, every failure is easily accounted for, without laying blame on him who deserved a better fate, I shall not now think it safe for him to continue in the command on the Continent, where every one seems to conspire to render his situation hazardous, by either propagating unfounded complaints against him, or giving credit to them. No one will believe that I take this step but reluctantly, and the more so since no successor is proposed to take the command. Truly I do not see where any one is to be found that can deserve the name now the Duke of Brunswick has declined; and I am certain he will fully feel the propriety of the resolution he has taken when he finds that even a son of mine cannot withstand the torrent of abuse."—Stanhope: Life of Pitt.

[289] See the present writer's The First Gentleman of Europe, Vol. I, pp. 309-316.

[290] Charles Knight: Passages from a Working Life.

[291] Diary and Letters of Madame D'Arblay.

[292] Quoted in Fitzgerald: The Good Queen Charlotte.

[293] Southy: Authentic Memoirs of George III.

[294] Diary and Letters of Madame D'Arblay.

[295] Recollections and Reflections.

[296] Rose: Diaries.

[297] Twiss: Life of Lord Eldon.

[298] Creevey Papers.

[299] May 9, 1798.

[300] Papendiek: Court and Private Life.

[301] Auckland Correspondence.

[302] See Ante, vol. II. p. 260.

[303] Stanhope: Life of Pitt.

[304] Ibid.

[305] Life and Letters of Lady Sarah Lennox.

[306] Twiss: Life of Eldon.

[307] Ibid.

[308] Twiss: Life of Eldon.

[309] Life of Sir Gilbert Elliot.

[310] Diary and Correspondence of Lord Malmesbury.

[311] Papendiek: Court and Private Life.

[312] Creevey Papers.

[313] Diary and Correspondence of Lord Malmesbury.

[314] Diary and Correspondence of Lord Malmesbury, May 27, 1804.

[315] "I have every reason to flatter myself that my sight is improving, yet, I fear, this specimen will not prove the assertion, as you, my lord, might expect. The gain can be but gradual; objects growing brighter, though not as yet much clearer."—George III to the Bishop of Worcester, September 5, 1805.

[316] Lord Henley to Lord Auckland, November 1, 1805.—Auckland Correspondence.

[317] A contemporary account, quoted in George III, his Court and Family.

[318] Stanhope: Life of Pitt.

[319] Jerningham Letters.

[320] Galt: George III, his Court and Family.

[321] Relics of Royalty.

[322] Quoted by Fitzgerald Molloy in Court Life below Stairs.

[323] Creevey Papers.

[324] Auckland Correspondence.

[325] Byron: Letters and Journal.

[326] Court and Private Life.

[327] F. W. Wynn: Diaries of a Lady of Quality.

[328] F. W. Wynn: Diaries of a Lady of Quality.

[329] Georgiana.

[330] The Gentleman's Magazine, January 5, 1816.

[331] Jerningham Letters, February 14, 1817.

[332] Galt: George III, His Court and Family.

[333] Georgiana.

[334] Lord Carlisle's Reminiscences.

[335] Ibid.

[336] Buckingham Memoirs.

[337] Relics of Royalty.

[338] Lord Carlisle's Reminiscences.

[339] Byron: Letters and Journal.

[340] Jerningham Letters.

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TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE:

Footnotes have been moved to the end of the book.

Illustrations have been moved to the nearest appropriate paragraph break.

Obvious typographical errors and printer errors have been corrected without comment.

In addition to obvious typographical errors, the following changes were made in this text:

1. On page 63 in the original text there was a footnote with no footnote tag on the page. Since the footnote references the Duke of Grafton, the footnote tag has been added to the following sentence: "The Duke of Grafton, like Lord Rockingham, was a man of pleasure, happier with his dogs and his books than in political life;[83]"

2. On page 83 there was no footnote tag in original text for "Footnote 4: Ibid." This footnote has been removed in this e-text, since the note appears to be a duplicate, referencing a quote which continues from page 83 onto page 84, and is footnoted there. (Footnote [105] )

3. Two items in the index have been moved into correct alphabetical order: "Paton" and "Pulteney".

4. Errors in the page numbers listed in the index have been left unchanged, and the html links will direct the reader to the page number indicated. However, it is possible that some of these page numbers are incorrect. Probable errors in the index include the following:

"Addington, Henry", reference to Volume 2 page 30 should read, "page 230".

"Carnarvon, Marquis of" reference to a note on page 35 of Volume 1, probably should read "33 note" (footnote number [37] ).

"Dalkeith, Lady" "Grenville, Mrs.", "Queensberry, Duchess of" and "Walpole, Horace" all contain reference to a note on page 228 of Volume 1, where there is no footnote. These three references should read "227 note" (footnote number [244] ).

"George III, rumor of a Brunswick marriage" reference to Volume 1 page 102 should read page 112.

"George III, popular because English" reference to Volume 1 page 129 should read page 139.

George III, surrender of Yorktown, reference to Volume 2 page 161 should read "165".

"Leiningen, Princess of." refers the reader to "See Kent, Duchess of", however, there is no index entry for "Kent, Duchess of".

"Saxe-Gotha, Duke of" refers to a footnote on page 30 of Volume 1, where there is no footnote. This probably should read "33 note" (footnote number [37] ).

"Scarborough, Earl of" reference to a footnote on page 30 of Volume 2 should read "50 note" (footnote number [63] ).

From the list of errata on page 317, the following changes have been made to this text:

Page 275: "Bedingsfield" was changed to "Bedingfield".

Pages 278 and 282 "Percival" was changed to "Perceval".

On page 133 no change was made to correct an internal inconsistency in the date mentioned in the following sentence: "Duc de Choiseul, who wrote in August, 1867...." From the context, it may be assumed that the date was intended to be "1767".






                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

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