Timbuctoo: a Poem, which obtained the Chancellor's Medal at the Cambridge Commencement, by A. Tennyson, of Trinity College, Cambridge. We have accustomed ourselves to think, perhaps without any good reason, that poetry was likely to perish among us for a considerable period after the great generation of poets which is now passing away. The age seems determined to contradict us, and that in the most decided manner, for it has put forth poetry by a young man, and that where we should least expect it, namely, in a prize-poem. These productions have often been ingenious and elegant, but we have never before seen one of them which indicated really first-rate poetical genius, and which would have done honour to any man that ever wrote. Such, we do not hesitate to affirm, is the little work before us; and the examiners seem to have felt about it like ourselves, for they have assigned the prize to its author, though the measure in which he writes was never before (we believe) thus selected for honour. We extract a few lines to justify our admiration. [Quotes fifty lines beginning:— "A curve of whitening, flashing, ebbing light! A rustling of white wings! the bright descent," etc.] How many men have lived for a century who could equal this?—The AthenÆum. Poems by Alfred Tennyson. pp. 163. London. 12mo. 1833. This is, as some of his marginal notes intimate, Mr. Tennyson's second appearance. By some strange chance we have never seen his first publication, which, if it at all resembles its younge[r] brother, must be by this time so popular that any notice of it on our part would seem idle and presumptuous; but we gladly seize this opportunity of repairing an unintentional neglect, and of introducing to the admiration of our more sequestered readers a new prodigy of genius—another and a brighter star of that galaxy or milky way of poetry of which the lamented Keats was the harbinger; and let us take this occasion to sing our palinode on the subject of 'Endymion.' We certainly did not Warned by our former mishap, wiser by experience, and improved, as we hope, in taste, we have to offer Mr. Tennyson our tribute of unmingled approbation, and it is A prefatory sonnet opens to the reader the aspirations of the young author, in which, after the manner of sundry poets, ancient and modern, he expresses his own peculiar character, by wishing himself to be something that he is not. The amorous Catullus aspired to be a sparrow; the tuneful and convivial Anacreon (for we totally reject the supposition that attributes the Ἐιθε λύρη χαλη γενοιμην to AlcÆus) wished to be a lyre and a great drinking cup; a crowd of more modern sentimentalists have desired to approach their mistresses as flowers, tunicks, sandals, birds, breezes, and butterflies;—all poor conceits of narrow-minded poetasters! Mr. Tennyson (though he, too, would, as far as his true love is concerned, not unwillingly 'be an earring,' 'a girdle,' and 'a necklace,' p. 45) in the more serious and solemn exordium of his works ambitions a bolder metamorphosis—he wishes to be—a river! SONNET. 'Mine be the strength of spirit fierce and free, Like some broad river rushing down alone'— rivers that travel in company are too common for his taste— 'With the self-same impulse wherewith he was thrown'— a beautiful and harmonious line— 'From his loud fount upon the echoing lea:— Which, with increasing might, doth forward flee'— ——————'doth forward flee By town, and tower, and hill, and cape, and isle, And in the middle of the green salt sea Keeps his blue waters fresh for many a mile.' A noble wish, beautifully expressed, that he may not be confounded with the deluge of ordinary poets, but, amidst their discoloured and briny ocean, still preserve his own bright tints and sweet savor. He may be at ease on this point—he never can be mistaken for any one else. We have but too late become acquainted with him, yet we assure ourselves that if a thousand anonymous specimens were presented to us, we should unerringly distinguish his by the total absence of any particle of salt. But again, his thoughts take another turn, and he reverts to the insatiability of human ambition:—we have seen him just now content to be a river, but as he flees forward, his desires expand into sublimity, and he wishes to become the great Gulfstream of the Atlantic. 'Mine be the power which ever to its sway Will win the wise at once— 'Will win the wise at once; and by degrees May into uncongenial spirits flow, Even as the great gulphstream of Florida Floats far away into the Northern seas The lavish growths of southern Mexico!'—p. 1. And so concludes the sonnet. The next piece is a kind of testamentary paper, addressed 'To ——,' a friend, we presume, containing his wishes as to what his friend should do for him when he (the poet) shall be dead—not, as we shall see, that he quite thinks that such a poet can die outright. 'Shake hands, my friend, across the brink Of that deep grave to which I go. Shake hands once more; I cannot sink So far—far down, but I shall know Thy voice, and answer from below!' Horace said 'non omnis moriar,' meaning that his fame should survive—Mr. Tennyson is still more vivacious, 'non omnino moriar,'—'I will not die at all; my body shall be as immortal as my verse, and however low I may go, I warrant you I shall keep all my wits about me,—therefore' 'When, in the darkness over me, The four-handed mole shall scrape, Plant thou no dusky cypress tree, Nor wreath thy cap with doleful crape, But pledge me in the flowing grape.' Observe how all ages become present to the mind of a great poet; and admire how naturally he combines the funeral cypress of classical antiquity with the crape hat-band of the modern undertaker. He proceeds:— Laughter, the philosophers tell us, is a peculiar attribute of man—but as Shakespeare found 'tongues in trees and sermons in stones,' this true poet endows all nature not merely with human sensibilities but with human functions—the jay laughs, and we find, indeed, a little further on, that the woodpecker laughs also; but to mark the distinction between their merriment and that of men, both jays and woodpeckers laugh upon melancholy occasions. We are glad, moreover, to observe, that Mr. Tennyson is prepared for, and therefore will not be disturbed by, human laughter, if any silly reader should catch the infection from the woodpeckers and the jays. 'Then let wise Nature work her will, And on my clay her darnels grow, Come only when the days are still, And at my head-stone whisper low, And tell me'— Now, what would an ordinary bard wish to be told under such circumstances?—why, perhaps, how his sweetheart was, or his child, or his family, or how the Reform Bill worked, or whether the last edition of his poems had been sold—papÆ! our genuine poet's first wish is 'And tell me—if the woodbines blow!' When, indeed, he shall have been thus satisfied as to the woodbines, (of the blowing of which in their due sea 'If thou art blest, my mother's smile Undimmed'— but such inquiries, short as they are, seem too common-place, and he immediately glides back into his curiosity as to the state of the weather and the forwardness of the spring— 'If thou art blessed—my mother's smile Undimmed—if bees are on the wing?' No, we believe the whole circle of poetry does not furnish such another instance of enthusiasm for the sights and sounds of the vernal season!—The sorrows of a bereaved mother rank after the blossoms of the woodbine, and just before the hummings of the bee; and this is all that he has any curiosity about; for he proceeds:— 'Then cease, my friend, a little while That I may'— 'send my love to my mother,' or 'give you some hints about bees, which I have picked up from AristÆus, in the Elysian Fields,' or 'tell you how I am situated as to my own personal comforts in the world below'?—oh no— 'That I may—hear the throstle sing His bridal song—the boast of spring. Sweet as the noise, in parchÈd plains, Of bubbling wells that fret the stones, (If any sense in me remains) Thy words will be—thy cheerful tones As welcome to—my crumbling bones!'—p. 4. We have quoted these first two poems in extenso, to obviate any suspicion of our having made a partial or delusive selection. We cannot afford space—we wish we could—for an equally minute examination of the rest of the volume, but we shall make a few extracts to show—what we solemnly affirm—that every page teems with beauties hardly less surprising. The Lady of Shalott is a poem in four parts, the story of which we decline to maim by such an analysis as we could give, but it opens thus— 'On either side the river lie Long fields of barley and of rye, That clothe the wold and meet the sky— And through the field the road runs by.' The Lady of Shalott was, it seems, a spinster who had, under some unnamed penalty, a certain web to weave. 'Underneath the bearded barley, The reaper, reaping late and early, Hears her ever chanting cheerly, Like an angel singing clearly.... 'No time has she for sport or play, A charmÈd web she weaves alway; A curse is on her if she stay Her weaving either night or day.... 'She knows not'— Poor lady, nor we either— 'She knows not what that curse may be, Therefore she weaveth steadily; Therefore no other care has she The Lady of Shalott.' A knight, however, happens to ride past her window, coming ——'from Camelot; From the bank, and from the river, He flashed into the crystal mirror— "Tirra lirra, tirra lirra," (lirrar?) Sang Sir Launcelot.'—p. 15. The lady stepped to the window to look at the stranger, and forgot for an instant her web:—the curse fell on her, and she died; why, how, and wherefore, the following stanzas will clearly and pathetically explain:— 'A long drawn carol, mournful, holy, She chanted loudly, chanted lowly, Till her eyes were darkened wholly, And her smooth face sharpened slowly, Turned to towered Camelot. For ere she reached upon the tide The first house on the water side, Singing in her song she died, The Lady of Shalott! Knight and burgher, lord and dame, To the plankÈd wharfage came; Below the stern they read her name, The Lady of Shalott.'—p. 19. We pass by two—what shall we call them?—tales, or odes, or sketches, entitled 'Mariana in the South' and 'My father's mansion, mounted high, Looked down upon the village-spire; I was a long and listless boy, And son and heir unto the Squire.' But the son and heir of Squire Tennyson often descended from the 'mansion mounted high;' and 'I met in all the close green ways, While walking with my line and rod,' A metonymy for 'rod and line'— 'The wealthy miller's mealy face, Like the moon in an ivytod. 'He looked so jolly and so good— While fishing in the mill-dam water, I laughed to see him as he stood, And dreamt not of the miller's daughter.'—p. 33. He, however, soon saw, and, need we add, loved the miller's daughter, whose countenance, we presume, bore no great resemblance either to the 'mealy face' of the miller, or 'the moon in an ivy-tod;' and we think our readers will be delighted at the way in which the im 'How dear to me in youth, my love, Was everything about the mill; The black, the silent pool above, The pool beneath that ne'er stood still; The meal-sacks on the whitened floor, The dark round of the dripping wheel, The very air about the door, Made misty with the floating meal!'—p. 36. The accumulation of tender images in the following lines appears not less wonderful:— 'Remember you that pleasant day When, after roving in the woods, ('Twas April then) I came and lay Beneath those gummy chestnut-buds? 'A water-rat from off the bank Plunged in the stream. With idle care, Downlooking through the sedges rank, I saw your troubled image there. 'If you remember, you had set, Upon the narrow casement-edge, A long green box of mignonette And you were leaning on the ledge.' The poet's truth to Nature in his 'gummy' chestnut-buds, and to Art in the 'long green box' of mignonette—and that masterful touch of likening the first intrusion of love into the virgin bosom of the Miller's daughter to the plunging of a water-rat into the mill-dam—these are beauties which, we do not fear to say, equal anything even in Keats. We pass by several songs, sonnets, and small pieces, all of singular merit, to arrive at a class, we may call them, of three poems derived from mythological sources—Œnone, the Hesperides, and the Lotos-eaters. But though the subjects are derived from classical antiquity, Mr. Tennyson treats them with so much originality that he makes them exclusively his own. Œnone, deserted by 'Beautiful Paris, evilhearted Paris,' sings a kind of dying soliloquy addressed to Mount Ida, in a formula which is sixteen times repeated in this short poem. 'Dear mother Ida, hearken ere I die.' She tells her 'dear mother Ida,' that when evilhearted Paris was about to judge between the three goddesses, he hid her (Œnone) behind a rock, whence she had a full view of the naked beauties of the rivals, which broke her heart. 'Dear mother Ida, hearken ere I die:— It was the deep mid noon: one silvery cloud Had lost his way among the pined hills: They came—all three—the Olympian goddesses. Naked they came— * * * * * * How beautiful they were! too beautiful To look upon; but Paris was to me More lovelier than all the world beside. O mother Ida, hearken ere I die.'—p. 56. In the place where we have indicated a pause, follows a description, long, rich, and luscious—Of the three naked goddesses? Fye for shame—no—of the 'lily flower violet-eyed,' and the 'singing pine,' and the 'overwandering ivy and vine,' and 'festoons,' and 'gnarlÈd boughs,' and 'tree 'The imperial Olympian, With archÈd eyebrow smiling sovranly, Full-eyÈd Here;' secondly of Pallas— 'Her clear and barÈd limbs O'er-thwarted with the brazen-headed spear,' and thirdly— 'Idalian Aphrodite ocean-born, Fresh as the foam, new-bathed in Paphian wells—' for one dip, or even three dips in one well, would not have been enough on such an occasion—and her succinct and prevailing promise of— 'The fairest and most loving wife in Greece;'— upon evil-hearted Paris's catching at which prize, the tender and chaste Œnone exclaims her indignation, that she herself should not be considered fair enough, since only yesterday her charms had struck awe into— 'A wild and wanton pard, Eyed like the evening-star, with playful tail—' and proceeds in this anti-Martineau rapture— 'Most loving is she?' 'Ah me! my mountain shepherd, that my arms Were wound about thee, and my hot lips prest Close—close to thine in that quick-falling dew Of fruitful kisses ... Dear mother Ida! hearken ere I die!—p. 62. After such reiterated assurances that she was about to die on the spot, it appears that Œnone thought better of it, and the poem concludes with her taking the wiser course of going to town to consult her swain's sister, Cassandra—whose advice, we presume, prevailed upon her to live, as we can, from other sources, assure our readers she did to a good old age. In the 'Hesperides' our author, with great judgment, rejects the common fable, which attributes to Hercules the slaying of the dragon and the plunder of the golden fruit. Nay, he supposes them to have existed to a comparatively recent period—namely, the voyage of Hanno, on the coarse canvas of whose log-book Mr. Tennyson has judiciously embroidered the Hesperian romance. The poem opens with a geographical description of the neighbourhood, which must be very clear and satisfactory to the English reader; indeed, it leaves far behind in accuracy of topography and melody of rhythm the heroics of Dionysius Periegetes. 'The north wind fall'n, in the new-starrÈd night.' Here we must pause to observe a new species of metabolÉ with which Mr. Tennyson has enriched our language. He suppresses the E in fallen, where it is usually written and where it must be pronounced, and transfers it to the word new-starrÈd, where it would not be pro 'The north wind fall'n, in the new-starrÈd night Zidonian Hanno, voyaging beyond The hoary promontory of SoloË, Past Thymiaterion in calmÈd bays.' We must here note specially the musical flow of this last line, which is the more creditable to Mr. Tennyson, because it was before the tuneless names of this very neighbourhood that the learned continuator of Dionysius retreated in despair— ——επωνυμίας νυν ἔλλαχεν ἄλλας Αἰθίοπων γαίν, δυσφωνους ουδ' επιήρονς Μουσαις ὄυνεκα τασδ' ἐγω ουκ αγορευσομ' απασας. but Mr. Tennyson is bolder and happier— 'Past Thymiaterion in calmÈd bays, Between the southern and the western Horn, Heard neither'— We pause for a moment to consider what a sea-captain might have expected to hear, by night, in the Atlantic ocean—he heard —'neither the warbling of the nightingale Nor melody o' the Libyan lotusflute,' 'The golden apple, the golden apple, the hallowÈd fruit, Guard it well, guard it warily, Singing airily, Standing about the charmÈd root, Round about all is mute'— mute, though they sung so loud as to be heard some leagues out at sea— ——'all is mute As the snow-field on mountain peaks, As the sand-field at the mountain foot. Crocodiles in briny creeks Sleep, and stir not: all is mute.' How admirably do these lines describe the peculiarities of this charmÈd neighbourhood—fields of snow, so talkative when they happen to lie at the foot of the mountain, are quite out of breath when they get to the top, and the sand, so noisy on the summit of a hill, is dumb at its foot. The very crocodiles, too, are mute—not dumb but mute. The 'red-combÈd dragon curl'd' is next introduced— 'Look to him, father, lest he wink, and the golden apple be stolen away, For his ancient heart is drunk with overwatchings night and day, Sing away, sing aloud evermore, in the wind, without stop.' The north wind, it appears, has by this time awaked again— 'Lest his scalÈd eyelid drop, For he is older than the world'— older than the hills, besides not rhyming to 'curl'd,' would 'If ye sing not, if ye make false measure, We shall lose eternal pleasure, Worth eternal want of rest. Laugh not loudly: watch the treasure Of the wisdom of the west. In a corner wisdom whispers. Five and three (Let it not be preached abroad) make an awful mystery.'—p. 102. This recipe for keeping a secret, by singing it so loud as to be heard for miles, is almost the only point, in all Mr. Tennyson's poems, in which we can trace the remotest approach to anything like what other men have written, but it certainly does remind us of the 'chorus of conspirators' in the Rovers. Hanno, however, who understood no language but Punic—(the Hesperides sang, we presume, either in Greek or in English)—appears to have kept on his way without taking any notice of the song, for the poem concludes,— 'The apple of gold hangs over the sea, Five links, a gold chain, are we, Hesper, the Dragon, and sisters three; Daughters three, Bound about All around about The gnarlÈd bole of the charmÈd tree, The golden apple, the golden apple, the hallowÈd fruit, Guard it well, guard it warily, Watch it warily, Singing airily Standing about the charmÈd root.'—p. 107. We hardly think that, if Hanno had translated it into Punic, the song would have been more intelligible. The 'Lotuseaters'—a kind of classical opium-eaters—are Ulysses and his crew. They land on the 'charmÈd island,' and 'eat of the charmÈd root,' and then they sing— 'Long enough the winedark wave our weary bark did carry. This is lovelier and sweeter, Men of Ithaca, this is meeter, In the hollow rosy vale to tarry, Like a dreamy Lotuseater—a delicious Lotuseater! We will eat the Lotus, sweet As the yellow honeycomb; In the valley some, and some On the ancient heights divine, And no more roam, On the loud hoar foam, To the melancholy home, At the limits of the brine, The little isle of Ithaca, beneath the day's decline.'—p. 116. Our readers will, we think, agree that this is admirably characteristic, and that the singers of this song must have made pretty free with the intoxicating fruit. How they got home you must read in Homer:—Mr. Tennyson—himself, we presume, a dreamy lotus-eater, a delicious lotus-eater—leaves them in full song. Next comes another class of poems,—Visions. The first is the 'Palace of Art,' or a fine house, in which the poet dreams that he sees a very fine collection of well-known pictures. An ordinary versifier would, no doubt, have followed the old routine, and dully described himself as walking into the Louvre, or Buckingham Palace, and there seeing certain masterpieces of painting:—a true poet dreams it. We have not room to hang many of these chefs-d'oeuvre, but for a few we must find space.—'The Madonna' 'The maid mother by a crucifix, In yellow pastures sunny warm, Beneath branch work of costly sardonyx Sat smiling—babe in arm.'—p. 72. The use of the latter, apparently, colloquial phrase is a deep stroke of art. The form of expression is always used to express an habitual and characteristic action. A knight is described 'lance in rest'—a dragoon, 'sword in hand'—so, as the idea of the Virgin is inseparably connected with her child, Mr. Tennyson reverently describes her conventional position—'babe in arm.' His gallery of illustrious portraits is thus admirably arranged:—The Madonna—Ganymede—St. Cecilia—Europa—Deep-haired Milton—Shakspeare—Grim Dante—Michael Angelo—Luther—Lord Bacon—Cervantes—Calderon—King David—'the HalicarnassËan' (quaere, which of them?)—Alfred, (not Alfred Tennyson, though no doubt in any other man's gallery he would have a place) and finally— 'IsaÏah, with fierce Ezekiel, Swarth Moses by the Coptic sea, Plato, Petrarca, Livy, and RaphaËl, And eastern Confutzee!' We can hardly suspect the very original mind of Mr. Tennyson to have harboured any recollections of that celebrated Doric idyll, 'The groves of Blarney,' but certainly there is a strong likeness between Mr. Tennyson's list of pictures and the Blarney collection of statutes— 'Statues growing that noble place in, All heathen goddesses most rare, Homer, Plutarch, and Nebuchadnezzar, All standing naked in the open air!' 'We lose no drop of the immortal man.' The other vision is 'A Dream of Fair Women,' in which the heroines of all ages—some, indeed, that belong to the times of 'heathen goddesses most rare'—pass before his view. We have not time to notice them all, but ——'dimly I could descry The stern blackbearded kings with wolfish eyes, Watching to see me die. The tall masts quivered as they lay afloat; The temples, and the people, and the shore; One drew a sharp knife through my tender throat— Slowly,—and nothing more!' What touching simplicity—what pathetic resignation—he cut my throat—'nothing more!' One might indeed ask, 'what more' she would have? But we must hasten on; and to tranquillize the reader's mind after this last affecting scene, shall notice the only two pieces of a lighter strain which the volume affords. The first is elegant and playful; it is a description of the author's study, which he affectionately calls his Darling Room. 'O darling room, my heart's delight; Dear room, the apple of my sight; With thy two couches, soft and white, There is no room so exquisite; No little room so warm and bright, Wherein to read, wherein to write.' We entreat our readers to note how, even in this little trifle, the singular taste and genius of Mr. Tennyson break forth. In such a dear little room a narrow-minded scribbler would have been content with one sofa, and that one he would probably have covered with black mohair, or red cloth, or a good striped chintz; how infinitely more 'For I the Nonnenwerth have seen, And Oberwinter's vineyards green, Musical Lurlei; and between The hills to Bingen I have been, Bingen in Darmstadt, where the Rhene Curves toward Mentz, a woody scene. 'Yet never did there meet my sight, In any town, to left or right, A little room so exquisite, With two such couches soft and white; Nor any room so warm and bright, Wherein to read, wherein to write.'—p. 153. A common poet would have said that he had been in London or in Paris—in the loveliest villa on the banks of the Thames, or the most gorgeous chateau on the Loire—that he has reclined in Madame de StaËl's boudoir, and mused in Mr. Roger's comfortable study; but the darling room of the poet of nature (which we must suppose to be endued with sensibility, or he would not have addressed it) would not be flattered with such common-place comparisons;—no, no, but it is something to have it said that there is no such room in the ruins of the Drachenfels, in the vineyard of Oberwinter, or even in the rapids of the Rhene, under the Lurleyberg. We have ourselves visited all these celebrated spots, and can testify in corroboration of Mr. Tennyson, that we did not see in any of them anything like this little room so exquisITE. The second of the lighter pieces, and the last with which we shall delight our readers, is a severe retaliation on the editor of the Edinburgh Magazine, who, it seems, had not treated the first volume of Mr. Tennyson with the same respect that we have, we trust, evinced for the second. 'To Christopher North. You did late review my lays, Crusty Christopher; You did mingle blame and praise Rusty Christopher. When I learnt from whom it came I forgave you all the blame, Musty Christopher; I could not forgive the praise, Fusty Christopher.'—p. 153. Was there ever anything so genteelly turned—so terse—so sharp—and the point so stinging and so true? 'I could not forgive the praise, Fusty Christopher!' This leads us to observe on a phenomenon which we have frequently seen, but never been able to explain. It has been occasionally our painful lot to excite the displeasure of authors whom we have reviewed, and who have vented their dissatisfaction, some in prose, some in verse, and some in what we could not distinctly say whether it was verse or prose; but we have invariably found that the common formula of retort was that adopted by Mr. Tennyson against his northern critic, namely, that the author would always —Forgive us all the blame, But could not forgive the praise. Now this seems very surprising. It has sometimes, though we regret to say rarely, happened, that, as in the present instance, we have been able to deal out unqualified praise, but never found that the dose in this case disagreed with the most squeamish stomach; on the con The Princess; a Medley. By Alfred Tennyson. Moxon. That we are behind most even of our heaviest and slowest contemporaries in the notice of this volume, is a fact for which we cannot satisfactorily account to ourselves, and can therefore hardly hope to be able to make a valid excuse to our readers. The truth is, that whenever we turned to it we became, like the needle between positive and negative electric poles, so attracted and repelled, that we vibrated too much to settle to any fixed condition. Vacillation prevented criticism, and we had to try the experiment again and again before we could arrive at the necessary equipose to indicate the right direction of taste and opinion. We will now, however, note our variations, and leave them to the public judgment. The first lines of the prologue were repulsive, as a specimen of the poorest Wordsworth manner and style— "Sir Walter Vivian all a summer's day Gave his broad lawns until the set of sun Up to his people: thither flock'd at noon His tenants, wife and child, and thither half The neighbouring borough with their Institute Of which he was the patron. I was there From college, visiting the son,—the son A Walter too,—with others of our set." The "wife and child" of the tenants is hardly intelligible; and the "set" is but a dubious expression. Nor can we clearly comprehend the next line and a half— "And me that morning Walter show'd the house, Greek, set with busts:" "From vases in the hall Flowers of all heavens, and lovelier than their names, Grew side by side." Persons conversant with the botanical names of flowers will hardly be able to realize (as the Yankees have it) the idea of their loveliness; the loveliness of Hippuris, Dolichos, Syngenesia, Cheiranthus, Artocarpus, Arum dracunculus, Ampelopsis hederaca, Hexandria, Monogynea, and the rest. A good description of the demi-scientific sports of the Institute follows; but the house company and inmates retire to a ruined abbey:— "High-arch'd and ivy-claspt, Of finest Gothic, lighter than a fire." This is a curious jumble in company, two lights of altogether a different nature; but the party get into a rattling conversation, in which the noisy babble of the College Cubs is satirically characterized: we "Told Of college: he had climb'd across the spikes, And he had squeez'd himself betwixt the bars, And he had breathed the Proctor's dogs; and one Discuss'd his tutor, rough to common men But honeying at the whisper of a lord; And one the Master, as a rogue in grain Veneer'd with sanctimonious theory." The dialogue happily takes a turn, and the task of writing the Princess is assigned to the author, as one of "She to me Was proxy-wedded with a bootless calf [?] At eight years old." Both grew up, the prince, all imaginative, filling his mind with pictures of her perfections; but she turning a female reformer of the Wolstencroft [sic] school, resolved never to wed till woman was raised to an equality with men, and establishing a strange female colony and college to carry this vast design into effect. In consequence of this her father is obliged to violate the contract, and his indignant father prepares for war to enforce it. The prince, with two companions, flies to the south, to try what he can do for himself; and in the disguise of ladies they obtain admission to the guarded precincts of the new Amazonian league. He, meanwhile, sings sweetly of his mistress— "And still I wore her picture by my heart, And one dark tress; and all around them both Sweet thoughts would swarm as bees about their queen." And of his friend— "My other heart, My shadow, my half-self, for still we moved Together, kin as horse's ear and eye." His evasion is also finely told— Almost in juxtaposition with these beauties, we find one of the disagreeable blots, so offensive to good taste, which disfigure the poem. The travellers are interrogating the host of an inn close to the liberties where the princess holds her petticoated sway:— "And at the last— The summer of the vine in all his veins— 'No doubt that we might make it worth his while. For him, he reverenced his liege-lady there; He always made a point to post with mares; His daughter and his housemaid were the boys. The land, he understood, for miles about Was till'd by women; all the swine were sows, And all the dogs'"— This is too bad, even for medley; but proceed we into the interior of the grand and luxurious feminine institution, where their sex is speedily discovered, but for certain reasons concealed by the discoverers. Lectures on the past and what might be done to accomplish female equality, and description of the boundaries, the dwelling place, and the dwellers therein, fill many a page of mingled excellence and defects. Here is a sample of both in half a dozen lines:— "We saw The Lady Blanche's daughter where she stood, Melissa, with her hand upon the lock, A rosy blonde, and in a college gown That clad her like an April daffodilly And all her thoughts as fair within her eyes, As bottom agates seem to wave and float In crystal currents of clear morning seas." Curious contradictions in mere terms, also occasionally occur. Thus, of a frightened girl, we are told that— "Light As flies the shadow of a bird she fled." Events move on. The prince reasons as a man in a colloquy with the princess, and speaks of the delights of maternal affections, and she replies— "We are not talk'd to thus: Yet will we say for children, would they grew Like field-flowers everywhere! we like them well: But children die; and let me tell you, girl, Howe'er you babble, great deeds cannot die: They with the sun and moon renew their light Forever, blessing those that look on them: Children—that men may pluck them from our hearts, Kill us with pity, break us with ourselves— O—children—there is nothing upon earth More miserable than she that has a son And sees him err:" A song on "The days that are no more," seems to us to be too laboured, nor is the other lyric introduced, "The Swallow," much more to our satisfaction. It is a mixture of prettinesses: the first four triplets run thus, ending in a poetic beauty— "O Swallow, Swallow, flying, flying South, Fly to her, and fall upon her gilded eaves, And tell her, tell her what I tell to thee. That bright and fierce and fickle is the South, And dark and true and tender is the North. "O Swallow, Swallow, if I could follow, and light Upon her lattice, I would pipe and trill, And cheep and twitter twenty million loves. "O were I thou that she might take me in, And lay me on her bosom, and her heart Would rock the snowy cradle till I died." The prince saves the princess from being drowned, when the secret explodes like a roll of gun cotton, and a grand turmoil ensues. The rival kings approach to confines in battle array, and the princess resumes the declaration of war:— "A tide of fierce Invective seem'd to wait behind her lips, As waits a river level with the dam Ready to burst and flood the world with foam: And so she would have spoken, but there rose A hubbub in the court of half the maids Gather'd together; from the illumin'd hall Long lanes of splendour slanted o'er a press Of snowy shoulders, thick as herded ewes, And rainbow robes, and gems and gemlike eyes, And gold and golden heads; they to and fro Fluctuated, as flowers in storm, some red, same pale, All open-mouth'd, all gazing to the light, Some crying there was an army in the land, And some that men were in the very walls, And some they cared not; till a clamour grew As of a new-world Babel, woman-built, And worse-confounded: high above them stood The placid marble Muses, looking peace." She denounces the perils outside and in "I dare All these male thunderbolts: what is it ye fear? Peace! there are those to avenge us and they come: If not,—myself were like enough, O girls, To unfurl the maiden banner of our rights, And clad in iron burst the ranks of war, Or, falling, protomartyr of our cause, Die: yet I blame ye not so much for fear; Six thousand years of fear have made ye that From which I would redeem ye: but for those That stir this hubbub—you and you—I know Your faces there in the crowd—to-morrow morn We meet to elect new tutors; then shall they That love their voices more than duty, learn With whom they deal, dismiss'd in shame to live No wiser than their mothers, household stuff, Live chattels, mincers of each other's fame, Full of weak poison, turnspits for the clown, The drunkard's football, laughing-stocks of Time, Whose brains are in their hands and in their heels, But fit to flaunt, to dress, to dance, to thrum, To tramp, to scream, to burnish, and to scour For ever slaves at home and fools abroad." Ay, just as Shakspere hath it— "To suckle fools and chronicle small beer." The hero also meets the shock, at least in poetic grace:— "Upon my spirits Settled a gentle cloud of melancholy, Which I shook off, for I was young, and one To whom the shadow of all mischance but came As night to him that sitting on a hill Sees the midsummer, midnight, Norway sun, Set into sunrise." It is agreed to decide the contest by a combat of fifty on each side—the one led by the prince, and the other by "Issued in the sun that now Leapt from the dewy shoulders of the Earth, And hit the northern hills." To the fight— "Then rode we with the old king across the lawns Beneath huge trees, a thousand rings of Spring In every bole, a song on every spray Of birds that piped their Valentines." The prince and his companions are defeated; and he, wounded almost to the death, is consigned at her own request to be nursed by the princess:— "So was their sanctuary violated, So their fair college turn'd to hospital; At first with all confusion; by and by Sweet order lived again with other laws; A kindlier influence reign'd; and everywhere Low voices with the ministering hand Hung round the sick." The result may be foreseen— "From all a closer interest flourish'd up. Tenderness touch by touch, and last, to these, Love, like an Alpine harebell hung with tears By some cold morning glacier; frail at first And feeble, all unconscious of itself, But such as gather'd colour day by day." And the agreement is filled up:— "Dear, but let us type them now In our lives, and this proud watchword rest Of equal; seeing either sex alone Is half itself, and in true marriage lies Defect in each, and always thought in thought, Purpose in purpose, will in will, they grow, The single pure and perfect animal, The two-cell'd heart beating with one full stroke Life" "O we will walk this world, Yoked in all exercise of noble end, And so through those dark gates across the wild That no man knows. Indeed I love thee; come, Yield thyself up; my hopes and thine are one; Accomplish thou my manhood and thyself Lay thy sweet hands in mine and trust to me." Who will question the true poetry of this production, or who will deny the imperfections, (mostly of affectation, though some of tastelessness) which obscure it? Who will wonder at our confessed wavering when they have read this course of alternate power, occasionally extravagant, and feebleness as in the long account of the emeute? Of the extravagant, the description of the princess, on receiving the declaration of war, is an example:— "She read, till over brow And cheek and bosom brake the wrathful bloom As of some fire against a stormy cloud, When the wild peasant rights himself, and the rick Flames, and his anger reddens in the heavens." The heroine, it must be acknowledged, is much of the virago throughout, and the prince rather of the softest; but the tale could not be otherwise told. We add four examples—two to be admired, and two to be contemned, in the fulfilment of our critique. "For was, and is, and will be, are but is," is a noble line; and the following, on the promised restoration of a child to its mother, is very touching "Again she veiled her brows, and prone she sank, and so Like tender things that being caught feign death, Spoke not, nor stirr'd." Not so the burlesque eight daughters of the plough, the brawny ministers of the princess' executive, and their usage of a herald. They were— "Eight daughters of the plough, stronger than men, Huge women blowzed with health, and wind, and rain And labour. Each was like a Druid rock; Or like a spire of land that stands apart Cleft from the main, and clang'd about with mews." And they— "Came sallying through the gates, and caught his hair, And so belabour'd him on rib and cheek They made him wild." Nor the following— "When the man wants weight the woman takes it up, And topples down the scales; but this is fixt As are the roots of earth and base of all. Man for the field and woman for the hearth; Man for the sword and for the needle she; Man with the head and woman with the heart; Man to command and woman to obey; All else confusion. Look to it; the gray mare Is ill to live with, when her whinny shrills From tile to scullery, and her small goodman Shrinks in his arm-chair while the fires of Hell Mix with his hearth; but take and break her, you! She's yet a colt. Well groom'd and strongly curb'd She might not rank with those detestable That to the hireling leave their babe, and brawl Their rights or wrongs like potherbs in the street. They say she's comely; there's the fairer chance: Besides, the woman wed is not as we, But suffers change of frame. A lusty brace Of twins may weed her of her folly. Boy, The bearing and the training of a child Is woman's wisdom." —The Literary Gazette. |