TABLE OF CONTENTS

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Introduction ix
Chapter I—The Archean Era 1
The Earth’s Oldest Rocks, Grand Canyon 2
Granite in Grand Canyon 4
Chapter II—The Algonkian Era 5
Algonkian Rocks in Grand Canyon 5
Formation of Mountains 6
Early Climates 6
Oldest Known Life 7
Chapter III—The Paleozoic Era 9
First Animal Life—The Tonto Rocks 9
The Missing Periods of the Third Era 11
The Age of Fish 12
Sea Life From the North—Redwall Limestone 12
Tracks in the Supai Sandstone 14
Landscapes of the Hermit Shale 15
Wind-blown Sand—The Coconino Sandstone 17
Warm Seas from the West—The Toroweap and Kaibab Formations 18
Chapter IV—The Mesozoic Era 21
Remnants of Younger Strata—Red Butte and Cedar Mountain 21
The Petrified Forest 22
Dinosaur Tracks—The Painted Desert 24
The Rocks of Zion Canyon and Rainbow Natural Bridge 26
From Seashells to Coalbeds 27
Chapter V—The Cenozoic Era 29
Bryce Canyon Formation 30
A Great Erosion Surface 32
Crustal Movement at Grand Canyon 33
Cutting the Grand Canyon 34
The Forming of Zion Canyon 37
Glaciers 38
San Francisco Mountain Volcanic Field 39
Elephants and Camels 41
Advent of Man in the Southwest 42
Bibliography 45

ILLUSTRATIONS

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The Grand Canyon Frontispiece
Diagrammatic Sections of Grand Canyon Region x
Rocks of First Era, Inner Gorge of Grand Canyon 1
Block Diagrams of Events of First Era 3
Tilted Rocks of the Second Era, Grand Canyon 5
Diagrammatic Section of Third Era Formations, Grand Canyon 8
Scene on Cambrian Sea Floor in Grand Canyon Region 10
Trilobites Preserved in Green Shale of Grand Canyon Walls 11
A Fresh-water Fish of Devonian Age (Sketch) 12
Sea Life from the Redwall, Grand Canyon (Sketches) 12
Havasu Falls in Redwall Limestone, Grand Canyon 13
Tracks of Short-legged, Prehistoric Animal, Supai Formation, Grand Canyon 14
Landscape at Time Hermit Shale was Forming 15
Fossil Fern From the Hermit Shale, Grand Canyon 15
Wind-blown Sand, Coconino Formation, Grand Canyon 17
Tracks of Primitive Four-footed Animals, Coconino Sandstone, Grand Canyon 17
Marine Life From the Kaibab Limestone, Grand Canyon (Sketches) 18, 19
Diagrammatic Section of Fourth Era Formations, Southern Utah and Painted Desert Regions 20
Cedar Mountain 22
Red Butte 22
Petrified Forest, Arizona 23

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