STUDYING TREES

Previous
Teacher

Cross Section of the Trunk of an Oak Tree.

A. Cambium
B. Inner bark
C. Outer bark
D. Sapwood
E. Heartwood
F. Pith
G. Ray

TWIG FEATURES

Terminal Bud
False Terminal Bud
Twig Scar
Bud Scales
Superposed Bud
Lateral Leaf Buds
Bundle Scar
Flower Bud
Leaf Scars
Lenticel
Stipule Scar
Terminal Bud Scale Scars
Pith
Chambered
Solid

TWIGS AND LEAVES

TYPES OF TWIG BRANCHING

Alternate
Whorled
Opposite

LEAF TYPES

Simple
Compound
Doubly Compound
Opposite Leaves
Alternate Leaves
Awl-Shaped Needles
Pine Needles
Scale-like Needles

PARTS OF LEAF

Lamina or blade
Base
Stem
Apex
Leaf margin
Primary vein
Secondary or lateral veins
Petiole (Sessile leaves have no petiole but are attached directly to the stem)

LEAF SHAPES

LEAF FORMS

Lanceolate
Ovate
Obovate
Star-shaped
Linear or Rectangular
Heart-Shaped or Orbicular
Oval
Elliptical
Deltoid

LEAF APEXES

Acuminate
Acute
Obtuse
Truncate
Bristle Pointed
Rounded

LEAF MARGINS

Entire
Dentate
Toothed or Serrate
Sinuate or Wavy
Doubly Serrate
Lobed
Incised

LEAF BASES

Wedge-Shaped or Cuneate
Oblique or One-Sided
Rounded
Heart-Shaped or Cordate
Truncate or Square

THE COMPLETE FLOWER

Stamen
Anther
Filament
Sepal
Receptacle
Petal
Pistil
Stigma
Style
Ovary
Peduncle

Sepals collectively designated as calyx.

Petals collectively designated as corolla.

The ripened ovary comprises the fruit.

Ripened ovules of the ovary comprise the seed of the fruit.

A flower lacking either calyx, corolla, stamens, or pistil is an incomplete flower. If the male and female flower parts occur in separate flowers on the same tree the species is said to be monoecious. If the male and female flowers occur on separate trees, the species is said to be dioecious.

FLOWER CLUSTERS

Spike
Catkin or ament
Cylindrical cyme
Flat-topped cyme
Raceme
Panicle
Corymb
Umbel
Compound umbel
Head

COMMON TYPES OF FRUITS AND SEEDS

Acorn (Oak)
Multiple Fruit (Mulberry)
Nuts in Prickly Bur (Beech)
Drupe (Cherry)
Pod (Locust)
Samara (Elm)
Samara (Ash)
Samara (Maple)
Cone (Pine)
Hairy Seed (Willow)
Nuts in Bladder-Like Bracts (Hophornbeam)
Berry (Persimmon)
Nut in Husk (Hickory)
A Nut-Like Drupe (Basswood)
Drupe (Hackberry)
Winged Seed (Pine)
Multiple Fruit—Achene Enlarged (Sycamore)
Nuts in Spiny Bur (Chinkapin)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

Clyx.com


Top of Page
Top of Page