The great variety of beauty that the planets present to us is sufficient to keep us always interested in them, when once we have acquired an acquaintance with them. Rarely is there an evening when some one of them does not enhance the charm of the splendid spectacle of the sky in which all the heavenly bodies save the sun have a part. Their greater brilliancy often brings them into view before the stars have begun to glow in the evening, and prolongs our sight of them after the rays of the sun have blotted out the light of the stars in the morning. Thus they are always single in their loveliness, and always hold a distinguished place in the midst of the brilliant company of the stars. Having considered these brilliant bodies individually and in detail, as we have, we ought by this time to be able to identify On seeing a bright object in the sky that does not seem to be a familiar star, simply stop and look at it. Does it twinkle? If it does not, it is a planet. If it is more than forty-five degrees from the sun, or if it is seen at a time when the sun has been down more than three hours, then it is neither Mercury nor Venus, and must be either Mars, Jupiter, or Saturn. Is it very bright and pinkish in tone? Then it is Jupiter. Is it very bright and quite red? It is Mars, not far from opposition. Is it not very bright, but small and rosy? Then it is Mars going toward conjunction. Is it yellow in tone and, while large and conspicuous, still not so very brilliant? It is Saturn. If the planet we seek to name is nearer to In any event, the problem of identification in this position will not keep one long, for in a situation presenting these greater difficulties the planet will be visible for less than an hour after sundown. Besides, it is not likely at such times to attract one’s Individuals the planets inevitably become to any one who learns to know them during the long, quiet nights in the country, or wherever an opportunity is afforded really to contemplate their peculiar traits and features. Like individuals of whatever kind, they impress different persons in different ways. As I have watched them from year to year I have come to have a very distinct impression of Jupiter as slow and majestic, and yet not lacking in joviality; Saturn as friendly, but reserved; Mars as sturdily brisk and busy; Venus as always gracious and smiling; and Mercury as irresponsible and roguish. Others might have an entirely different feeling in regard to them; but an intimate acquaintance with them, which is And when we consider that these interesting individuals are closely related members of our cosmic family, their ever-changing beauty of aspect, the history of their development and their affairs generally, gain a significance to us that no other heavenly bodies can have. The two groups of planets—the inner and the outer—are like two sets of children in a family: born of the same parent, but under very different circumstances, and in very different surroundings. Mars, the earth, Venus, and Mercury are all, as compared with the outer planets, small and dense, with more or less thin atmospheres and an abundance of heat and light. They all lie comparatively near to the sun, and are composed of the denser material lying near the center of the great nebula, which was the original form of the entire solar system. Probably denser to begin with than the others, they have, on account of their diminutive size, developed more rapidly and are further advanced toward the final state of solidity which we shall all attain in the end. Mercury, the smallest, is already old and seamed and hardened. On the other side of the vast space which divides the two groups of the sun’s family dwell Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. They are all tremendous in volume, enveloped in immense atmospheres, far, far from our common source of heat and light, of comparatively slight density, and probably formed from the lighter material composing the outer edges of the parent nebula, and, because of their immense size, still in a very early stage of development. The two groups could scarcely seem more widely different if they belonged to different systems; but the members of each are all closely akin, and each one in its own way, determined by its size and environment, is developing toward the same end. If there is life on any of these outer Of the existence of life somewhat similar to ours on the smaller, near-by planets we may have something nearer a reasonable con Whatever each planet affords in the way of life and human interests, all of them must ever be to us the most interesting things in all nature, outside of our own earth, in the two regards already pointed out: first, as the most beautiful objects of vision among all the starry hosts, and, second, as our nearest kindred in this universe of suns and systems of worlds. Together the earth and they circle ceaselessly around and around the sun, following in nicely adjusted orbits that great luminary as it sweeps majestically on through space toward the beautiful Vega, itself a sun, and, so far as we now know, in this close companionship we shall continue until every planet and the sun itself has become cold and dark and lifeless. And then, perhaps, or even before the light of our system is finally extinguished, we may meet another wandering sun, and in the marriage of the two great bodies another system of worlds may be evolved of which we and the planets shall form a part. |