1 The more generally accepted story is that when the Count of Barcelona was severely wounded in a battle between Charles the Bald and the Normans, the Emperor came to the wounded Count’s tent and asked what reward he could give to a warrior to whom he owed so much. The Count asked for the grant of a charge on his plain gold shield. The Emperor dipped his hand in the blood from the Count’s wound, and passed his four fingers down the shield. ‘A device gained by blood,’ he said, ‘should be marked with blood.’

2 The Teutonic word Rik signified valiant or powerful, not rich in our sense. It was a frequent ending to names, as Theodoric, Alaric. The Ricos Hombres of Aragon bore a caldron on their arms, as a sign that they could maintain many men in the field, and they used a seÑera, or banner. These were ‘Ricos Hombres do SeÑera.’ There were also nine families of ‘Ricos Hombres’ ‘le naturaleza,’ nobles before the Moors came. These were Cornelas, Lunas, Azagras, Forcas, Urreas, Alagones, Romeos, Entenzas, Lizanas. Several Castilian nobles, especially the Dukes of Medina Sidonia, also bore caldrons on their arms.

3 Nine miles.

4 November 30.

5 The chronicle of Muntaner was written in the Catalan language, and first published at Valencia in 1558, and next at Barcelona in 1562. Buchon published a French translation at Paris in 1827 in the ‘Collection des croniques nationales FranÇaises.’ In 1844 an Italian translation was published at Florence. Buchon published a new translation in 1848 in the PanthÉon LittÉraire. Dr. Lanz published a German translation in 1842 at Leipzig; and added the Catalan text in a volume published at Stuttgart in 1844. In 1860 a Spanish translation, with the Catalan text in parallel columns, edited by Don Antonio de Bofarull, was published at Barcelona. As yet there is no English translation of this charming historical narrative. It was used by Gibbon.

6 First cousin of En Pedro III. of Aragon.

7 Aladil = , ‘the Just.’

8 ‘Awake iron!’

9 Between Palamos and Palafurgall, or Capes Gros and San Sebastian.

10 Extinct.

11 Extinct.

12 The best account of the coinage of Majorca is in the Appendix to Bover’s Historia de la casa real de Mallorca y noticia de las monedas proprias de esta isla (Palma, 1855).

13 So says Fray Pedro Marsilio, the editor in Latin of the Journal of Jayme I. But the olive grows wild in Majorca. The cultivated olive is grown from the plains to a height of two thousand feet in the mountains.

14 Carta historico-artistica sobre el edificio de la Iglesia Cathedral de Palma que escribio el Exmo Don Gaspar de Jovellanos (Palma, 1832).

15 So called because, when he unjustly put the brothers Carbajal to death, they summoned him to meet them before the judgment-seat of God on a day which they named. Fernando IV. died suddenly on that very day.

16 ‘Esperonte’ was a salient angle in the curtain of a fortified place, generally in front of a gate.

17 A princess of Hainault, through another descent from the Prince of the Morea, also claimed the Lordship of Clarencia. Philippa of Hainault, Queen of Edward III., inherited this honorary title, and it was given to her second son Lionel. This is a more probable origin of the title than that it was derived from the Lordship of Clare. In that case it would be Clare, not Clarence.

18 I have to thank Mr. Gilbert Ogilvy for the sketches of the chair, and the photograph.

19 ‘Sentencias Morales’ de Nicolas de Pacho, quoted by Miguel Mir in his Influencia de los Aragoneses en el descubrimiento de America.

20 Salazar, Discursos sobre los progresos de la hidrografia.

21 See Carta historico-artistica sobre el edificio de la Lonja de Mallorca, escribio en 1807 el Exmo SeÑor Don Gaspar de Jovellanos (Palma, 1835).

22 Life and Acts of Don Alonzo Enriquez de Guzman, translated and edited by Clements R. Markham (Hakluyt Society, 1862).

23 Nobiliario Mallorquin, por Don Joaquim M. Bover (Palma, 1850). This is a very scarce book and difficult to get.

24 Pp. 222-271. This excellent little book is also to be had in Mr. Guasp’s shop.

25 Nobleza de Andalusia, Argote de Molina.

26 Wellington Dispatches, January 26, 1811, vol. vii. p. 190.

27 History of Spanish Literature, vol. iii. p. 281.

28 Etudes gÉologiques sur les Iles BalÉares (Paris, 1879).

29 Flora de las Islas Baleares (Palma, 1879-1881). This book may also be got at the shop of Mr. Guasp, in Morey Street.

30 The Balearic Islands, by Charles Toll Bidwell, H.M. Consul, 1876.

31 Toulouse, 1892.

32 See p. 44.

33 See p. 94.

34 See p. 62. Gayangos (in Makkari) says that ‘Almughawar,’ whence the Spanish ‘Almogavar,’ means a soldier employed in border warfare.

35 From the root Kharaf, to collect the harvest. The collector of the land tax was called Al-mokharif.

36 Since Dr. Cleghorn’s time, several natives of the island have studied its botany.

Juan Cursach, a native of Ciudadela, who was educated at Montpelier (1759-1837), published at Mahon his Botanicus medicus ad medicinÆ alumnorum usum. He enumerated 270 plants, of which 160 were said to be natives.

Juan Ramis y Ramis, of Mahon (1746-1819), published at Mahon Specimen animalium vegetabilium et mineralium in insula MinoricÆ frequentiorum, ad normam Linneani sistematis. He enumerates 140 plants.

Rafael Hernandez y Mercadal (1779-1857), a doctor of Mahon, formed a Minorca herbarium of 500 species. It is now lost.

Rafael Oles y Cuadredo, of Ciudadela (1806-1879), in 1859 called the Droguero farmaceutico. It includes an interesting account of the topography of the island.

Don Juan Joaquin Rodriquez y Femanias studied the vegetation of Minorca for many years, and published in 1865-68 a Catalogo razonado de las plantas vasculares de Minorca.

See also the Flores de las islas Baleares, 1870-81, of Francisco Barcelo y Combis.

37 Bidwell, p. 308.