1 (return)
[ INCA-PACHACUTI " TUPAC YUPANQUI " INCA HUAYNA CCAPAC " MANCO INCA " TUPAC AMARU " JUANA NUSTA = DIEGO CONDORCANQUI " FELIPE CONDORCANQUI " PEDRO CONDORCANQUI " MIGUEL CONDORCANQUI " JOSE GABRIEL CONDORCANQUI (TUPAC AMARU)]

2 (return)
[ 'Sentencia pronunciada en el Cuzco por el Visitador Don Jose Antonio de Areche, contra Jose Gabriel Tupac Amaru.' In Coleccion de obras y documentos de Don Pedro de Angelis, vol. V. (Buenos Ayres, 1836- 7).]

3 (return)
[ INCA PACHACUTI. " TUPAC YUPANQUI " HUAYNA CCAPAC " MANCO INCA " MARIA TUPAC USCA = PEDRO ORTIZ DE ORUE " CATALINA ORTIZ =LUIS JUSTINIANI " LUIS JUSTINIANI " LUIS JUSTINIANI " NICOLO JUSTINIANI " JUSTO PASTOR JUSTINIANI " Dr. PABLO POLICARPO JUSTINIANI(Cura of Laris)]

4 (return)
[ The wives of the Incas were called ccoya. The ccoya of the second Inca was a daughter of the chief of Sanoc. The third Inca married a daughter of the chief of Oma, the fourth married a girl of Tacucaray, the wife of the fifth was a daughter of a Cuzco chief. The sixth Inca married a daughter of the chief of Huayllacan, the seventh married a daughter of the chief of Ayamarca, and the eighth went to Anta for a wife. This Anta lady was the mother of Pachacuti. The wife of Pachacuti, named Anahuarqui, was a daughter of the chief of Choco. There was no rule about marrying sisters when Pachacuti succeeded. He introduced it by making his son Tupac Yupanqui marry his daughter Mama Ocllo, but this was quite unprecedented. The transgression of a rule which he had just made may account for his extreme severity.]

5 (return)
[ A bust, on an earthen vase, was presented to Don Antonio Maria Alvarez, the political chief of Cuzco, in 1837, by an Indian who declared that it had been handed down in his family from time immemorial, as a likeness of the general, Rumi-naui, who plays an important part in this drama of Ollantay. The person represented must have been a general, from the ornament on the forehead, called mascapaycha, and there are wounds cut on the face.—Museo Erudito, No. B.]

6 (return)
[ Chita is the lamb of the llama. A lamb of two or three months was a favourite pet in the time of the Incas. It followed its mistress, adorned with a little bell and ribbons.]

7 (return)
[ Supay, an evil spirit, according to some authorities.]

8 (return)
[ Ichuna, a sickle or scythe. The expression has been cited by General Mitre and others as an argument that the drama is modern, because this is a metaphor confined to the old world. But ichuna was in use, in Quichua, in this sense, before the Spaniards came. The word is from Ichu, grass.]

9 (return)
[ The Peruvians personified a mountain as two spirits, good and evil. In writing poetically of a mountain opposing, it would be referred to in the persons of its genii or spirits, and spoken of as two foes, not one.]

10 (return)
[ Rurun, desert, solitude.]

11 (return)
[ Tasquiy, to march; tasquina, promenade, path.]

12 (return)
[ Cusi Coyllur, while daylight lasted, was, in the eyes of Piqui Chaqui, like the sun. A change takes place at twilight, and at night she is like the moon.]

13 (return)
[ Fasting was a preparation for all great religious ceremonies. Victims for sacrifice underwent a previous fast, which was looked upon in the fight of purification before being offered to the Deity.]

14 (return)
[ They gave the attributes we usually assign to the fox to the puma.]

15 (return)
[ Intip llirpun, 'apple of the sun's eye.' There is no English equivalent that is suitable.]

16 (return)
[ Huayruru is the seed of a thorny bush, erythrina rubra, of a bright red colour. Zegarra has coral as the equivalent for huayruru.]

17 (return)
[ The tuya (coccoborus chrysogaster) is a small finch, and tuyallay means 'my little tuya.']

18 (return)
[ The piscaca is a much larger bird than the tuya. These piscacas (coccoborus torridus) are nailed to trees as a warning to other birds. They are black, with white breasts.]

19 (return)
[ In the tuya she sees her husband Ollantay, while the poor princess herself is the forbidden grain.]

20 (return)
[ This is a yarahui or mournful elegy, of which there are so many in the Quichua language. The singers of them were known as yarahuec.]

21 (return)
[ Colla-suyu, the basin of lake Titicaca.]

22 (return)
[ Chayanta, a tribe in the montana south of the Collas.]

23 (return)
[ Champi, a one-handed battle-axe.]

24 (return)
[ Huancar, a drum; pututu, fife.]

25 (return)
[ Yunca, inhabitant of warm valley. Here it refers to the wild tribes of the montana.]

26 (return)
[ In the original Quichua, Ollantay makes his appeal to the Inca in quatrains of octosyllabic verses, the first line rhyming with the last, and the second with the third. Garcilasso de la Vega and others testify to the proficiency of the Incas in this form of composition.]

27 (return)
[ Ollantay was Viceroy of Anti-suyu.]

28 (return)
[ Chahuar, a rope of aloe fibre. A curb or restraint.]

29 (return)
[ Raprancutan cuchurcani: literally, 'I have clipped their wings.' Rapra, a wing.]

30 (return)
[ The powerful nation of Chancas, with their chief, Huancavilca, inhabited the great valley of Andahuaylas and were formidable rivals of the Incas. But they were subdued by Pachacuti long before Ollantay can have been born. An allowable dramatic anachronism.]

31 (return)
[ Huancavilca was chief of the powerful nation of Chancas.]

32 (return)
[ Nusta, Princess.]

33 (return)
[ Pisipachiyqui, to suffer from the void caused by absence. Pisipay, to regret the absence of, to miss any one.]

34 (return)
[ The Dominican text has misi, a cat, instead of allco, a dog. Von Tschudi thought that misi was a word of Spanish origin. Zegarra says that it is not. Before the Spaniards came, there was a small wild cat in the Andes called misi-puna. But the Justiniani text has allco, a dog.]

35 (return)
[ Achancara, a begonia. A red flower in the neighbourhood of Cuzco, according to Zegarra. One variety is red and white.]

36 (return)
[ The llanta is the main rope of the quipu, about a yard long. The small cords of llama wool, of various colours, denoting different subjects, each with various kinds of knots, recording numbers.]

37 (return)
[ This, as we have seen, was not the reason why Ollantay fled from Cuzco; but, from a leader's point of view, it was an excellent reason to give to the people of Anti-suyu. The great wars of the Incas were, to some extent, a heavy drain upon the people, but the recruiting was managed with such skill, and was so equally divided among a number of provinces, that it was not much felt.]

38 (return)
[ The snowy mountain far to the south, in sight from Cuzco. Uilca, sacred; unuta, water. Here is the source of the river Uilcamayu, which flows by Ollantay-tampu.]

39 (return)
[ The aged Hanco Huayllu as Auqui, or Prince of the Blood, and relation of the High Priest, gave eclat to these ceremonies.]

40 (return)
[ Quiscahuan. anything full of thorns.]

41 (return)
[ Puna, the loftier parts of the Andes.]

42 (return)
[ Compi, cloth or a cloak. This was an expression of the ancient Peruvians, perhaps equivalent to our 'hoodwinking.']

43 (return)
[ Apu Maruti was the head of the ayllu of the Inca Yahuar Huaccac, grandfather of Pachacuti. It was called the ayllu Aucaylli Panaca.—Mesa, Anales del Cuzco, quoted by Zegarra.]

44 (return)
[ Uilcapampa, mass of mountains between the Uilcamayu and Apurimac.]

45 (return)
[ Tinqui Queru, between Urupampa and Tampu. The word means 'two vases coupled.' Here are two rounded hills connected by a saddle, three and a half miles from Tampu.]

46 (return)
[ Chara, was another descendant of Yahuar Huaccac.]

47 (return)
[ A ravine on the right bank of the Vilcamayu.]

48 (return)
[ Pachar is on the left bank of the Vilcamayu opposite Ollantay-tampu, with which it is connected by a rope bridge.]

49 (return)
[ Huancas, natives of the valley of Jauja—Inca recruits.]

50 (return)
[ Like Ollantay in his appeal to the Inca, Rumi-naui, in the original Quichua, has recourse to octosyllabic quatrains, the first and last lines rhyming, and the second and third.]

51 (return)
[ Rumi, a stone.]

52 (return)
[ Clearly, from Rumi-naui's own account, the strategy of Urco Huaranca had been a complete and brilliant success.]

53 (return)
[ Aclla Cuna, the selected ones, the Virgins of the Sun. They were under the supervision of so called Mothers—Mama Cuna. The novices were not obliged to take the oaths at the end of their novitiate.]

54 (return)
[ Rumi-naui is the interlocutor in the Justiniani text, in the Dominican text, and in the text of Spilsbury. Yet Zegarra would substitute the Uillac Uma or High Priest for Rumi-naui. His argument is that the interlocutor was of the blood-royal, and that the High Priest was always of the blood-royal, while Rumi-naui was not. But the text does not say that the interlocutor was of the royal blood. Zegarra also says that the interlocutor wore a black cloak with a long train, and that this was the dress of the High Priest. But it was not the dress of the High Priest as described by the best authorities. It was probably the general mourning dress. The threats addressed to Piqui Chaqui were likely enough to come from a soldier, but not from the High Priest as he is portrayed in this drama.]

55 (return)
[ Paccay (mimosa incana), a tree with large pods, having a snow-white woolly substance round the seeds, with sweet juice.]

56 (return)
[ The Zegarra and Spilsbury texts have Ccan Incacri, which Zegarra translates, 'relation of the Inca, of the royal family.' Spilsbury is more correct. He has 'partisan of the Inca.' The more authentic Justiniani text has Ccan Pana. The particle ri is one of emphasis or repetition. It does not mean a relation.]

57 (return)
[ The Zegarra and Spilsbury texts have hualpa, a game bird. The Justiniani text has anca, an eagle, which is the correct reading.]

58 (return)
[ The Inca Pachacuti does not appear to advantage in the drama. But he was the greatest man of his dynasty, indeed the greatest that the red race has produced. He was a hero in his youth, a most able administrator in mature age. As a very old man some needless cruelties are reported of him which annoyed his son.]

59 (return)
[ The eldest son was Amaru Tupac. He was passed over by his father with his own consent, and was ever faithful to his younger brother. He was an able general.]

60 (return)
[ This was exactly what Piqui Chaqui was sent to Cuzco to find out. The expression Apumusac pununayta, 'I go to fetch my bed,' is one of joy at any fortunate event, in Quichua.]

61 (return)
[ Intic Huamin Caccunan (Intic Huarminca Caycuna, correct), 'Ye women of the Sun.' Zegarra thought, on the authority of Garcilasso de la Vega, that these could not be select Virgins of the Sun, because the virgins were never allowed outside their convent, and not even women might enter. He is clearly wrong. Much higher authorities than Garcilasso, as regards this point, especially Valera, tell us that the virgins were treated with the greatest honour and respect. They took part in great receptions and festivals, and when they passed along the streets they had a guard of honour.]

62 (return)
[ Rumi. He keeps playing upon his name.]

63 (return)
[ Again playing upon the name of Rumi-naui. The High Priest calls for haste, so he substitutes Tunqui for naui (eye), the tunqui (Rupicola Peruviana) being one of the most beautiful birds in the forests.]

64 (return)
[ Sunchu, a very large composita with a yellow flower, growing round Cuzco. It was one of those which were used on sacred festivals.]

65 (return)
[ Nucchu is a salvia, also considered sacred. A red flower. Perhaps these flowers were sent as a summons from the Inca, but I have not seen the custom mentioned elsewhere.]

66 (return)
[ Schineus Molle, a tree with pinnate leaves, and panicles of red berries, well known in the Mediterranean countries, into which it was introduced from Peru. Called by the English 'pepper tree.']

67 (return)
[ Several bushes are called chilca in Peru. Eupatorium chilca (R. P.), baccharis scandens, and molina latifolia. Stereoxylon pendulum is called puna chilca.]

68 (return)
[ A kind of cactus, of which they make needles, grows abundantly on the mountains round Ollantay-tampu. It is called ahuarancu. They set fire to the cacti as a war signal. Zegarra calls it a thistle. The word in the Justiniani text is ahuarancu.]

69 (return)
[ Tinqui Queru, between Urupampa and Tampu. The word means 'two vases coupled.' Here are two rounded hills connected by a saddle, three and a half miles from Tampu. (Taken from FN#45.)]

70 (return)
[ Yanahuara, a ravine near Urubamba, where some of the troops of Rumi-naui had been posted.]

71 (return)
[ Signal lights.]

72 (return)
[ Ccapac Raymi, the great festival of the Sun. December 22.]

73 (return)
[ Piqui Chaqui is literally 'flea foot.' He is punning on his name.]

74 (return)
[ Tocarpu, a pole or stake used at executions. Condemned prisoners were fastened to a tocarpu before being hurled over a precipice.]

75 (return)
[ Piqui Chaqui had an inkling that the Inca had expressed dislike at the shedding of blood. He ventured to say these words in the faint hope that they might remind the Inca of this dislike.]

76 (return)
[ Rumi-naui at it again: for ever ringing changes on his name rumi, a stone.]

77 (return)
[ The plume and the arrow were the insignia of a general.]

78 (return)
[ Rather a staggerer for Rumi-naui! Perhaps, too, the change is too sudden, and infringes the probabilities. Tupac Yupanqui may have thought that his father had been unjust and that there were excuses. It is known that the young Inca was indignant at some other cruelties of his father. As a magnanimous warrior he may have despised the treacherous methods of Rumi-naui. He may have valued Ollantay's known valour and ability, and have been loth to lose his services. All these considerations may have influenced him more or less. The rebels were the best men he had.]

79 (return)
[ Ranti, a deputy.]

80 (return)
[ Canari, a warlike tribe of Indians, in the south part of the kingdom of Quito. They were first conquered by Tupac Yupanqui, and they became devoted to him.]

81 (return)
[ Aclla, chosen; Huasi, house: palace of the Virgins of the sun.]

82 (return)
[ Ccacca means a rock.]

83 (return)
[ My former translation, and those of Barranca and Tschudi, treated puma and amaru (snake) as epithets applied to Mama Ccacca. Zegarra considers that the puma and snake were intended to be actually in the dungeon, and I believe he is right. The puma would not have hurt his fellow-prisoner. Unpleasant animals were occasionally put into the prisons of criminals. The Incas kept pumas as pets.]

84 (return)
[ The early Incas never married their sisters or relations. Pachacuti's mother was daughter of the chief of Anta. His wife, Anahuarqui, was no relation. But the wife of Tupac Yupanqui was his sister Mama Ocllo.]

85 (return)
[ A play upon the word yupanqui, which means literally, 'you will count.' The word was a title of the Incas, meaning, 'you will count as virtuous, brave,' &c.]