Of the laws which regulate the Phenomena of the Attraction of Composition.—1.It takes place only between Bodies of a different Nature.—2.Between the most minute Particles only.—3.Between 2, 3, 4, or more Bodies.—Of Compound or Neutral Salts.—4.Produces a Change of Temperature.—5.The Properties which characterise Bodies in their separate State, destroyed by Combination.—6.The Force of Attraction estimated by that which is required by the Separation of the Constituents.—7.Bodies have amongst themselves different Degrees of Attraction.—Of simple elective and double elective Attractions.—Of quiescent and divellent Forces.—Law of definite Proportions.—Decomposition of Salts by Voltaic Electricity.

Of the Composition and general Properties of the Alkalies.—Of Potash.—Manner of preparing it.—Pearlash.—Soap.—Carbonat of Potash.—Chemical Nomenclature.—Solution of Potash.—Of Glass.—Of Nitrat of Potash or Saltpetre.—Effect of Alkalies on Vegetable Colours.—Of Soda.—Of Ammonia or Volatile Alkali.—Muriat of Ammonia.—Ammoniacal Gas.—Composition of Ammonia.—Hartshorn and Sal Volatile.—Combustion of Ammoniacal Gas.

Composition of the Earths.—Of their Incombustibility.—Form the Basis of all Minerals.—Their Alkaline Properties.—Silex; its Properties and Uses in the Arts.—Alumine; its Uses in Pottery, &c.—Alkaline Earths.—Barytes.—Lime; its extensive chemical Properties and Uses in the Arts.—Magnesia.—Strontian.

Nomenclature of the Acids.—Of the Classification of Acids.—1st Class—Acids of simple and known Radicals, or Mineral Acids.—2dClass—Acids of double Radicals, or Vegetable Acids.—3dClass—Acids of triple Radicals or Animal Acids.—Of the Decomposition of Acids of the 1st Class by Combustible bodies.

Of the Sulphuric Acid.—Combustion of Animal or Vegetable Bodies by this Acid.—Method of preparing it.—The Sulphurous Acid obtained in the Form of Gas.—May be obtained from Sulphuric Acid.—May be reduced to Sulphur.—Is absorbable by Water.—Destroys Vegetable Colours.—Oxyd of Sulphur.—Of Salts in general.—Sulphats.—Sulphat of Potash, or Sal Polychrest.—Cold produced by the melting of Salts.—Sulphat of Soda, or Glauber’s Salt.—Heat evolved during the Formation of Salts.—Crystallisation of Salts.—Water of Crystallisation.—Efflorescence and Deliquescence of Salts.—Sulphat of Lime, Gypsum or Plaister of Paris.—Sulphat of Magnesia.—Sulphat of Alumine, or Alum.—Sulphat of Iron.—Of Ink.—Of the Phosphoric and Phosphorous Acids.—Phosphorus obtained from Bones.—Phosphat of Lime.

Nitrogen susceptible of various Degrees of Acidification.—Of the Nitric Acid.—Its Nature and Composition discovered by Mr.Cavendish.—Obtained from Nitrat of Potash.—Aqua Fortis.—Nitric Acid may be converted viii into Nitrous Acid.—Nitric Oxyd Gas.—Its Conversion into Nitrous Acid Gas.—Used as an Eudiometrical Test.—Gaseous Oxyd of Nitrogen, or exhilarating Gas, obtained from Nitrat of Ammonia.—Its singular Effects on being respired.—Nitrats.—Of Nitrat of Potash, Nitre or Saltpetre.—Of Gunpowder.—Causes of Detonation.—Decomposition of Nitre.—Deflagration.—Nitrat of Ammonia.—Nitrat of Silver.—Of the Carbonic Acid.—Formed by the Combustion of Carbon.—Constitutes a component Part of the Atmosphere.—Exhaled in some Caverns.—Grotto del Cane.—Great Weight of this Gas.—Produced from calcareous Stones by Sulphuric Acid.—Deleterious Effects of this Gas when respired.—Sources which keep up a Supply of this Gas in the Atmosphere.—Its Effects on Vegetation.—Of the Carbonats of Lime; Marble, Chalk, Shells, Spars, and calcareous Stones.

On the Boracic Acid.—Its Decomposition by Sir H. Davy.—Its Basis Boracium.—Its Recomposition.—Its Uses in the Arts.—Borax or Borat of Soda.—Of the Fluoric Acid.—Obtained from Fluor; corrodes Siliceous Earth; its supposed Composition.—Fluorine; its supposed Basis.—Of the Muriatic Acid.—Obtained from Muriats.—Its gaseous Form.—Is absorbable by Water.—Its Decomposition.—Is susceptible of a stronger Degree of Oxygenation.—Oxygenated Muriatic Acid.—Its gaseous Form and other Properties.—Combustion of Bodies in this Gas.—It dissolves Gold.—Composition ix of Aqua Regia.—Oxygenated Muriatic Acid destroys all Colours.—Sir H. Davy’s Theory of the Nature of Muriatic and Oxymuriatic Acid.—Chlorine.—Used for Bleaching and for Fumigations.—Its offensive Smell, &c.—Muriats.—Muriat of Soda, or common Salt.—Muriat of Ammonia.—Oxygenated Muriat of Potash.—Detonates with Sulphur, Phosphorus, &c.—Experiment of burning Phosphorus under Water by means of this Salt and of Sulphuric Acid.

Of organised Bodies.—Of the Functions of Vegetables.—Of the Elements of Vegetables.—Of the Materials of Vegetables.—Analysis of Vegetables.—Of Sap.—Mucilage, or Gum.—Sugar.—Manna, and Honey.—Gluten.—Vegetable Oils.—Fixed Oils, Linseed, Nut, and Olive Oils.—Volatile Oils, forming Essences and Perfumes.—Camphor.—Resins and Varnishes.—Pitch, Tar, Copal, Mastic, &c.—Gum Resins.—Myrrh, Assafoetida, &c.—Caoutchouc, or Gum Elastic.—Extractive colouring Matter; its Use in the Arts of Dyeing and Painting.—Tannin; its Use in the Art of preparing Leather.—Woody Fibre.—Vegetable Acids.—The Alkalies and Salts contained in Vegetables.

Of Fermentation in general.—Of the Saccharine Fermentation, the Product of which is Sugar.—Of the Vinous Fermentation, the Product of which is Wine. x —Alcohol, or Spirit of Wine.—Analysis of Wine by Distillation.—Of Brandy, Rum, Arrack, Gin, &c.—Tartrit of Potash, or Cream of Tartar.—Liqueurs.—Chemical Properties of Alcohol.—Its Combustion.—Of Ether.—Of the Acetous Fermentation, the Product of which is Vinegar.—Fermentation of Bread.—Of the Putrid Fermentation, which reduces Vegetables to their Elements.—Spontaneous Succession of these Fermentations.—Of Vegetables said to be petrified.—Of Bitumens: Naphtha, Asphaltum, Jet, Coal, Succin, or Yellow Amber.—Of Fossil Wood, Peat, and Turf.

Connexion between the Vegetable and Animal Kingdoms.—Of Manures.—Of Agriculture.—Inexhaustible Sources of Materials for the Purposes of Agriculture.—Of sowing Seed.—Germination of the Seed.—Function of the Leaves of Plants.—Effects of Light and Air on Vegetation.—Effects of Water on Vegetation.—Effects of Vegetation on the Atmosphere.—Formation of Vegetable Materials by the Organs of Plants.—Vegetable Heat.—Of the Organs of Plants.—Of the Bark, consisting of Epidermis, Parenchyma, and Cortical Layers.—Of Alburnum, or Wood.—Leaves, Flowers, and Seeds.—Effects of the Season on Vegetation.—Vegetation of Evergreens in Winter.

Elements of Animals.—Of the principal Materials of Animals, viz.—Gelatine, Albumen, Fibrine, Mucus. xi —Of Animal Acids.—Of Animal Colours, Prussian Blue, Carmine, and Ivory Black.

Of the principal Animal Organs.—Of Bones, Teeth, Horns, Ligaments, and Cartilage.—Of the Muscles, constituting the Organs of Motion.—Of the Vascular System, for the Conveyance of Fluids.—Of the Glands, for the Secretion of Fluids.—Of the Nerves, constituting the Organs of Sensation.—Of the Cellular Substance which connects the several Organs.—Of the Skin.

Digestion.—Solvent Power of the Gastric Juice.—Formation of a Chyle.—Its Assimilation, or Conversion into Blood.—Of Respiration.—Mechanical Process of Respiration.—Chemical Process of Respiration.—Of the Circulation of the Blood.—Of the Functions of the Arteries, the Veins, and the Heart.—Of the Lungs.—Effects of Respiration on the Blood.

Of the Analogy of Combustion and Respiration.—Animal Heat evolved in the Lungs.—Animal Heat evolved in the Circulation.—Heat produced by Fever.—Perspiration. xii —Heat produced by Exercise.—Equal Temperature of Animals at all Seasons.—Power of the Animal Body to resist the Effects of Heat.—Cold produced by Perspiration.—Respiration of Fish and of Birds.—Effects of Respiration on Muscular Strength.—Of several Animal Products, viz. Milk, Butter, and Cheese; Spermaceti; Ambergris; Wax; Lac; Silk; Musk; Civet; Castor.—Of the putrid Fermentation.—Conclusion.