To be a good collector, it is necessary to be something more than a good marksman. You must know at what time of day to go out to be most successful, and the localities where you are most likely to find the birds that you are looking for. In the field, you must be all eyes and ears. No thicket should be too dense, no tree too tall for your quick eye to penetrate its foliage; no chirp or rustle too small or weak for your active ear to detect. In short, to be a good collector you must understand wood-craft. Sometimes a bird is seen just disappearing into the underbrush. A very good call, which seldom fails in bringing the bird from its retreat, is made by placing the back of the hand to the lips and sucking. By practice, this may be made to resemble the cries of a wounded bird. Early morning and just before sun-down have been found to be the best hours for collecting, although something may be done at any time of day. During the noon hours, birds generally remain hidden in the cool depths of the thickets and woods. Birds are seldom found in the deep forest; but, at the hours mentioned, trees and bushes skirting roads, fields and meadows, will be found teeming with life.

THE GUN.

The choice of a gun for collecting purposes is, of course, optional with the reader; but a good twelve or fourteen bore breech-loading shot gun will give better satisfaction than any other, and will be worth the price of the gun in time-saving, when in the field. The pistol-guns, introduced within the last few years, often prove of great service in collecting small specimens.

LOADING.

Several sizes of shot should be taken into the field, ranging from dust or mustard seed, as it is sometimes called, to No. 6 or 8. For all small birds up to the size of a robin, dust shot should be used; and I have even killed grouse and plover with it, although, it must be confessed, at a very short range. The larger sizes are used for hawks and all large birds. With several sizes of shot, you can vary your loads according to the bird that you are pursuing. Here the breech-loading gun is vastly superior to the old-fashioned muzzle-loader, for it is but the work of an instant to change from large to small, or vice versa. Be careful not to load too heavily. Most of your birds will be killed within a few yards, and it is astonishing how little powder and how few shot will produce the desired effect.

CARRYING.

The most convenient and safe way to carry birds in the field, is in a common fish-creel; or in a basket which I devised and have used for several years. It is simply a long, deep and narrow basket, carried on the back by straps which cross in front of the chest. At the back of the basket, outside, is a netting for carrying paper, etc.; and on either side a pocket or pouch of cloth for cotton, etc. For all birds under the size of a crow, this basket is very convenient.

Before going out provide yourself with a number of sheets of stiff paper. As soon as a bird is shot, fill the mouth, anus, and shot-holes with cotton, and drop the bird head foremost, with bill pointing downwards, into a cornucopia of the paper, just the size of the bird's body, and fold the edges over the tail, taking care not to rumple or break the tail feathers. When birds are shot, they do not always die at once; but they may be put out of misery by placing the thumb under one wing, and the forefinger under the other, and squeezing. After a second or so, the bird will give a gasp and die.

This cannot be done in the case of large birds. To kill these, insert a thin knife-blade between the skull and last vertebra, cutting through the spinal cord; or break the back by pressing upon it with the knee.

TRANSPORTING.

Skins may be either packed in boxes, between layers of cotton, or they may be pushed head first into cylinders of stiff paper having a diameter equal to the largest part of the skin.

COLLECTING SUIT.

A serviceable and comfortable hunting-suit may be made from any good strong stuff, such as corduroy, etc. The pants should be made rather loose, and have the seams firmly sewed. The coat should be a mere succession of pockets, and of course very loose. A soft, broad-brimmed felt hat, and a pair of broad-soled, low-heeled shoes, for ordinary wear; or, for shooting where the country is wet and boggy, a pair of high top boots may be substituted. This will be found to be the easiest, most durable and least expensive outfit that can be made.

EATING.

Do not start out in the morning without having first partaken of a lunch, however slight, as a preventive, if nothing more; for tramping on an empty stomach will almost always upset one for the whole day.

AT HOME.

As soon as you return from your day's tramp, a good "wash-up" and a change of clothes will rest you far more than sitting down. Especially, if your feet are wet, lose no time in changing socks, and all other garments that are in the least damp. By doing this, you will save yourself many a severe cold, and perhaps a fit of sickness.

POISONING.

In case of poisoning with the arsenic, while preparing your skins, the advice of Dr. Coues, in his "Field Ornithology," covers the whole treatment. "Avoid," he says, "all mechanical irritation of the inflamed parts, touch the parts that have ulcerated with a stick of lunar caustic; take a dose of salts; use syrup of iodide of iron, or tincture of chloride of iron, say thirty drops in a wine-glass of water, thrice a day; rest at first; exercise gradually as soon as you can bear it; and skin no birds till you have completely recovered." If these do not cure, medical advice should be procured.

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HINTS ON

WRITING AND SPEECH-MAKING

BY

THOMAS WENTWORTH HIGGINSON,

AUTHOR OF

"Young Folks' History of the United States," "Young Folks' American Explorers," "Malbone,"

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HANDBOOK

OF

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THE FIRST TEACHER FOR LITTLE FOLKS.

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EXERCISES

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FOR YOUNG CHILDREN.

By HORACE GRANT,

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In exercises such as those which compose this book, the most favorable circumstances may be seized as they arise, and will therefore produce an extraordinary effect. Wherever we are, in a room, garden, field, or road, in the morning or evening, winter or summer, action or rest, something interesting may be extracted; for at the moment when the attention is warmly excited, an event may be turned to the best account. The valuable habits acquired by means of familiar objects and petty events may gradually be extended to the most important subjects.

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ARITHMETIC FOR YOUNG CHILDREN

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THE CELEBRATED JULIUS CÆSAR DEBATE.

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Handbook of Punctuation.

Punctuation and Other Typographical Matters.

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THE RIGHT WORD IN THE RIGHT PLACE.

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