This stanza is omitted in most collections. Walker was a colonel in the parliamentary army; and afterwards a member of the Committee of Safety. The Directory for the Public Worship of God, ordered by the Assembly of Divines at Westminster in 1644, to supersede the Book of Common Prayer. The Earl of Thomond. The Excise, first introduced by the Long Parliament, was particularly obnoxious to the Tory party. Dr Johnson more than a hundred years later shared all the antipathy of his party to it, and in his Dictionary defined it to be “a hateful tax levied upon commodities, and adjudged not by the common judges of property, but by wretches hired by those to whom excise is paid.” Henry the Eighth. The comparison is made in other ballads of the age. To play old Harry with any one is a phrase that seems to have originated with those who suffered by the confiscation of church property. The Marquis of Winchester, the brave defender of his house at Basing, had been made prisoner by Cromwell at the storming of that house in 1645. Waller had been foiled in his attempt on this place in the year preceding.—T. W. Sir John Ogle, one of the Royalist commanders, who was intrusted with the defence of Winchester Castle, which he surrendered on conditions just before the siege of Basing House.—T. W. Wren, bishop of Ely, was committed to the Tower in 1641, accused with high “misdemeanours” in his diocese. David Jenkins, a Welsh Judge, who had been made prisoner at the taking of Hereford, and committed first to Newgate and afterwards to the Tower. He refused to acknowledge the authority of the Parliament, and was the author of several tracts published during the year (while he was prisoner in the Tower), which made a great noise.—T. W. Sir Francis Wortley, Bart., was made a prisoner in 1644, at the taking of Walton House, near Wakefield, by Sir Thomas Fairfax. Sir Edward Hales, Bart., of Woodchurch, in Kent, had been member for Queenborough in the Isle of Sheppey. He was not a Royalist. Sir George Strangways, Bart., according to the marginal note in the original. Another of the name, Sir John Strangways, was taken at the surrender of Sherborne Castle. Sir Henry Bedingfield, Bart., of Norfolk; Sir Walter Blount, Bart., of Worcester; and Sir Francis Howard, Bart., of the North, were committed to the Tower on the 22nd of January, 1646. The horrible barbarities committed by the Irish rebels had made the Catholics so much abhorred in England, that every English member of that community was suspected of plotting the same massacres in England.—T. W. Sir John Hewet, of Huntingdonshire, was committed to the Tower on the 28th of January, 1645(–6). Sir Thomas Lunsford, Bart., the celebrated Royalist officer, was committed to the Tower on the 22nd of January, 1646. The violence and barbarities which he and his troop were said to have perpetrated led to the popular belief that he was in the habit of eating children.
From Fielding and from Vavasour,
Both ill-affected men;
From Lunsford eke dilver us,
That eateth up children.
Loyal Songs, ed. 1731, i. 38.
T. W. Sir William Lewis, one of the eleven members who had been impeached by the army. Col. Giles Strangwaies, of Dorsetshire, taken with Sir Lewis Dives, at the surrender of Sherborne, was committed to the Tower on the 28th August, 1645. He was member for Bridport in the Long Parliament, and was one of those who attended Charles’s “Mongrel” Parliament at Oxford. Sir Lewis Dives, an active Royalist, was governor of Sherborne Castle for the King, and had been made a prisoner by Fairfax in August, 1645, when that fortress was taken by storm. He was brother-in-law to Lord Digby. Sir John Morley, of Newcastle, committed to the Tower on the 18th of July, 1645. King was a Royalist general, in the north, who was slain July, 1643. Sir William Morton, of Gloucestershire, committed to the Tower on the 17th August, 1644. Cardinal Morton, Archbishop of Canterbury, brought about the marriage between King Henry VII. and the daughter of Edward IV., and thus effected the unison of the rival houses of York and Lancaster. Thomas Coningsby, Esq., of Northmyus in Hertfordshire, committed to the Tower in November, 1642, for reading the King’s commission of array in that county. Sir Wingfield Bodenham, of the county of Rutland, committed to the Tower on the 31st of July, 1643. Sir Henry Vaughan, a Welsh knight, committed to the Tower on the 18th July, 1645. Lilburn was, as has been observed, in the Tower for his practices against the present order of things, he being an advocate of extreme democratic principles; and he was there instructed in knotty points of law by Judge Jenkins, to enable him to torment and baffle the party in power. It was Jenkins who said of Lilburne that “If the world were emptied of all but John Lilburne, Lilburne would quarrel with John, and John with Lilburne.”—T. W. Mr Thomas Violet, of London, goldsmith, committed to the Tower January 6th, 1643(–4), for carrying a letter from the King to the mayor and common council of London. Dr Hudson had been concerned in the King’s transactions with the Scots, previous to his delivering himself up to them, and he and Ashburnham had been his sole attendants in his flight from Oxford for that purpose.—T. W. Poyntz and Massey were staunch Presbyterians, and their party counted on their assistance in opposing the army: but they withdrew, when the quarrel seemed to be near coming to extremities. Glynn was one of the eleven members impeached by the army. It was believed at this time that Fairfax was favourable to the restoration of the King. The “Jack Ketch” of the day. The copy in the “Rump Songs” has “Smee and his tub.” The old proverbial expression of “the devil and his dam” was founded on an article of popular superstition which is now obsolete. In 1598, a Welshman, or borderer, writes to Lord Burghley for leave “to drive the devill and his dam” from the castle of Skenfrith, where they were said to watch over hidden treasure: “The voyce of the countrey goeth there is a dyvell and his dame, one sitts upon a hogshed of gold, the other upon a hogshed of silver.” (Queen Elizabeth and her Times, ii. 397.) The expression is common in our earlier dramatic poets: thus Shakespeare,—
—“I’ll have a bout with thee;
Devil, or devil’s dam, I’ll conjure thee:
Blood will I draw on thee, thou art a witch.”
(Hen. V. Part I. Act I. sc. 5.)
T. W.
The prediction was not quite so speedily verified. Colonel Hewson, originally a shoemaker. Newspapers. In the seventeenth century Lancashire enjoyed an unhappy pre-eminence in the annals of superstition, and it was regarded especially as a land of witches. This fame appears to have originated partly in the execution of a number of persons in 1612, who were pretended to have been associated together in the crime of witchcraft, and who held their unearthly meetings at the Malkin Tower, in the forest of Pendle. In 1613 was published an account of the trials, in a thick pamphlet, entitled “The Wonderful Discoverie of Witches in the Countie of Lancaster. With the Arraignment and Triall of nineteene notorious Witches, at the Assizes and general Goale Deliverie, holden in the Castle of Lancaster, on Monday, the seventeenth of August last, 1612. Published and set forth by commandment of his Majesties Justices of Assize in the North Parts, by Thomas Potts, Esquier.” “The famous History of the Lancashire Witches” continued to be popular as a chap-book up to the beginning of the nineteenth century.—T. Wright. An allusion to the Dutch War of 1651 and 1652. Oliver Cromwell. The Welsh were frequently the subject of satirical allusions during the civil wars and the Commonwealth. Speaker of the Long Parliament. Cromwell’s wife. Cromwell’s two sons, Richard and Henry. Cromwell’s daughter. Col. Pride, originally a brewer’s drayman. Walter Strickland, M.P. for a Cornish borough. Monk was with his troops in Scotland, but had declared himself an approver of the proceedings of the Parliament. Dr John Owen, Joseph Caryl, and Philip Nye, were three of the most eminent divines of this eventful age. Caryl, who was a moderate independent, was the author of the well-known “Commentary on Job.” Dr Owen enjoyed the especial favour of Cromwell, who made him Dean of Christchurch, Oxford; in his youth he had shown an inclination to Presbyterianism, but early in the war he embraced the party of the Independents. He was a most prolific writer. Nye was also an eminent writer: previous to 1647 he had been a zealous Presbyterian, but on the rise of Cromwell’s influence he joined the Independents, and was employed on several occasions by that party.—T. W. Col. John Ireton was the brother of the more celebrated Henry Ireton, and was an alderman of London. He appears to have been clerk of the Council of Officers at Wallingford House. Col. Robert Tichbourne was also an alderman, and had been Lord Mayor in 1658. He was an enthusiast in religion of the Independent party, and published several books, among which one was very celebrated, and is often referred to in the tracts of this period, entitled, “A Cluster of Canaan’s Grapes. Being severall experimented truths received through private communion with God by his Spirit, grounded on Scripture, and presented to open view for publique edification.” London, 4to, Feb. 16, 1649. In a satirical tract of the year 1660 he is made to say, “I made my mother, the city, drunk with the clusters which I brought from Canaan, and she in her drink made me a colonel.” After the return of the secluded members to the House, and the triumph of the city and the Presbyterian party, Ireton and Tichbourne were committed to the Tower, charged with aiming at the overthrow of the liberties of the city, and other grave misdemeanours. There are in the British Museum two satirical tracts relating to their imprisonment: 1. “The Apology of Robert Tichborn and John Ireton. Being a serious Vindication of themselves and the Good old Cause, from the imputations cast upon them and it by the triumphing city and nation in this their day of desertion. Printed for everybody but the light-heeled apprentices and head-strong masters of this wincing city of London.” (March 12, 1659–60.) 2. “Brethren in Iniquity: or, a Beardless Pair; held forth in a Dialogue betwixt Tichburn and Ireton, Prisoners in the Tower of London.” 4to. (April 30, 1660.) George Monk and John Lambert. The eleventh of February was the day on which Monck overthrew the Rump, by declaring for the admission of the secluded members. On the tenth of February Monk, by order of the Parliament, had entered the city in a hostile manner. “Mr Fage told me,” says Pepys, “what Monck had done in the city, how he had pulled down the most parts of the gates and chains that he could break down, and that he was now gone back to Whitehall. The city look mighty blank, and cannot tell what in the world to do.” The next day he turned from the Parliament, and took part with the city. Thomas Scot and Luke Robinson were sent by the Parliament to expostulate with Monk, but without effect. Pepys gives the following description of the rejoicings in the city on the evening of the eleventh of February:—“In Cheapside there were a great many bonfires, and Bow bells and all the bells in all the churches as we went home were a-ringing. Hence we went homewards, it being about ten at night. But the common joy that was everywhere to be seen! The number of bonfires! there being fourteen between St Dunstan’s and Temple Bar, and at Strand Bridge I could at one time tell thirty-one fires. In King-street seven or eight; and all along burning, and roasting, and drinking for Rumps, there being rumps tied upon sticks and carried up and down. The butchers at the May Pole in the Strand rang a peal with their knives when they were going to sacrifice their rump. On Ludgate Hill there was one turning of a spit that had a rump tied upon it, and another basting of it. Indeed it was past imagination, both the greatness and the suddenness of it. At one end of the street you would think there was a whole lane of fire, and so hot that we were fain to keep on the further side.” In a satirical tract, entitled “Free Parliament QuÆries,” 4to, April 10, 1660, it is inquired “Whether Sir Arthur did not act the Raging Turk in Westminster Hall, when he saw the admission of the secluded members?” Pepys gives the following account of the reception of Monck’s letter from the city on the 11th of February:—“So I went up to the lobby, where I saw the Speaker reading of the letter; and after it was read Sir A. Haselrigge came out very angry, and Billing, standing by the door, took him by the arm and cried, ‘Thou man, will thy beast carry thee no longer? thou must fall!’” Haselrigge was accused of having been a dupe to Monck’s cunning intrigues. The celebrated Praise-God Barebone, at the head of a body of fanatics, had (February 9th) presented a strong petition to the House in support of the Good old Cause, which gave great offence to the Presbyterian party and the citizens, although it was received with thanks. According to Pepys, one of Monck’s complaints against the Parliament was, “That the late petition of the fanatique people presented by Barebone, for the imposing of an oath upon all sorts of people, was received by the House with thanks.” The citizens did not omit to show their hostility against the presenter of the petition. On the 12th, Pepys says, “Charles Glascocke . . . told me the boys had last night broke Barebone’s windows.” And again, on the 22nd, “I observed this day how abominably Barebone’s windows are broke again last night.” Miles Corbet, as well as Tichbourn, had sat upon the King in judgment. In a satirical tract, published about the same time as the present ballad, Tichbourn is made to say, “They say I am as notorious as Miles Corbet the Jew.” In another, entitled “The Private Debates, etc., of the Rump,” 4to, April 2, 1660, we read, “Call in the Jews, cryes Corbet, there is a certain sympathy (quoth he), methinks, between them and me. Those wandering pedlers and I were doubtless made of the same mould; they have all such blote-herring faces as myself, and the devil himself is in ’um for cruelty.” He was one of those who fled on the Restoration, but he was afterwards taken treacherously in Holland, and, being brought to London, was executed as a regicide. In another satirical tract, entitled “A Continuation of the Acts and Monuments of our late Parliament” (Dec. 1659), it is stated that, “July 1, This very day the House made two serjeants-at-law, William Steele and Miles Corbet, and that was work enough for one day.” And, in a fourth, “Resolved, That Miles Corbet and Robert Goodwin be freed from the trouble of the Chief Register Office in Chancery.” Mercurius Honestus, No. 1. (March 21, 1659–60.) William Lord Monson, Viscount Castlemaine, was member for Ryegate in the Long Parliament. He was degraded from his honour at the Restoration, and was condemned to be drawn on a sledge with a rope round his neck from the Tower to Tyburn, and back again, and to be imprisoned there for life. It appears, by the satirical tracts of the day, that he was chiefly famous for being beaten by his wife. In one, entitled “Your Servant, Gentlemen,” 4to, 1659, it is asked, “Whether that member who lives nearest the church ought not to ride Skimmington next time my Lady Mounson cudgels her husband?” And in another (“The Rump Despairing,” 4to, London, March 26, 1660) we find the following passage:—“To my Lord Monson. A sceptre is one thing, and a ladle is another, and though his wife can tell how to use one, yet he is not fit to hold the other.” Pudding John, or Jack Pudding, was a proverbial expression of the times for a Merry Andrew. In an old English-German Dictionary it is explained thus:—“Jack-Pudding, un buffon de theatre, deliciÆ populi, ein Hanswurst, Pickelhering.” The term was applied as a soubriquet to any man who played the fool to serve another person’s ends. “And first Sir Thomas Wrothe (Jack Pudding to Prideaux the post-master) had his cue to go high, and feele the pulse of the hous.” History of Independency, p. 69 (4to, 1648). An allusion to James Harrington’s “Oceana.” James Harrington, a remarkable political writer of this time, had founded a club called the Rota, in 1659, for the debating of political questions. This club met at Miles’s Coffee-house, in Old Palace Yard, and lasted a few mouths. At the beginning of the present year was published the result of their deliberations, under the title of “The Rota: or, a Model of a Free State, or Equall Commonwealth; once proposed and debated in brief, and to be again more at large proposed to, and debated by, a free and open Society of ingenious Gentlemen.” 4to, London, 1660 (Jan. 9). William Prynne, the lawyer, who had been so active a member of the Long Parliament when the Presbyterians were in power, was one of the secluded members. He returned to the House on the 21st of January, this year. Pepys says, “Mr Prin came with an old basket-hilt sword on, and had a great many shouts upon his going into the hall.” John Wilde was one of the members for Worcestershire in the Long Parliament. In Cromwell’s last Parliament he represented Droitwich, and was made by the Protector “Lord Chief Baron of the publick Exchequer.” In a satirical pamphlet, contemporary with the present ballad, he is spoken of as “Sarjeant Wilde, best known by the name of the Wilde Serjeant.” Another old song describes his personal appearance:
“But, Baron Wild, come out here,
Show your ferret face and snout here,
For you, being both a fool and a knave,
Are a monster in the rout here.”
Loyal songs II. 55. See footnote [60]. Alderman Atkins. Ludlow was well known as a staunch Republican. The incident alluded to was a subject of much merriment, and exercised the pen of some of the choicest poets of the latter half of the seventeenth century.—T. W. Lambert, with his army, was in the North, and amid the contradictory intelligence which daily came in, we find some people who, according to Pepys, spread reports that Lambert was gaining strength.—T. W. Marchamont Nedham. Lambert and “his bears” are frequently mentioned in the satirical writings of this period. Cromwell is said to have sworn “by the living God,” when he dissolved the Long Parliament.—T. W. Speaker of the Long Parliament. Harry Marten, member for Berkshire, a man of equivocal private character. In the heat of the civil wars he had been committed to the Tower for a short time by the Parliament, for speaking too openly against the person of the King. When he attempted to speak against the violent dissolution of the Long Parliament by Cromwell, the latter reproached him with the licentiousness of his life.—T. W. William Lord Monson, Viscount Castlemaine, was member for Ryegate. He was degraded from his honours at the Restoration, and was condemned to be drawn on a sledge with a rope round his neck from the Tower to Tyburn, and back again, and to be imprisoned there for life. It appears, by the satirical tracts of the day, that he was chiefly famous for being beaten by his wife.—T. W. Sir Arthur Haselrigge, member for Leicestershire. Noise or disturbance. Dr John Hewit, an episcopal clergyman, executed for high treason in 1658, for having held an active correspondence with the Royalists abroad, and having zealously contributed to the insurrection headed by Penruddock. John Lowry, member for Cambridge. Sir Edmund Prideaux, Bart., member for Lyme Regis. He was Cromwell’s Attorney-General. Oliver St John, member for Totness, and Lord Chief Justice of the Common Pleas. John Wilde, one of the members for Worcestershire. In Cromwell’s last Parliament he represented Droitwich, and was made by the Protector “Lord Chief Baron of the Public Exchequer.” Sir Henry Slingsby and Dr Hewet were executed for treason against the government of Oliver Cromwell in 1658. Colonel John Gerard was brought to the block at the beginning of the Protectorate, in 1654, for being engaged in a plot to assassinate Cromwell. John Lord Lisle represented Yarmouth in the Long Parliament. He sat for Kent in the Parliament of 1653, and was afterwards a member of Cromwell’s “other House,” and held the office of Lord Commissioner of the Great Seal. He was president of the High Courts of Justice which tried Gerard, Slingsby, and Hewet. Nathaniel Fiennes, member for Banbury. In the Parliament of 1654 he represented Oxfordshire. He was afterwards, as Nathaniel Lord Fiennes, a member of Cromwell’s “other House.” Fiennes was accused of cowardice in surrendering Bristol (of which he was governor) to Prince Rupert, somewhat hastily, in 1643. His father, Lord Say and Sele, opposing Cromwell, was obliged to retire to the Isle of Lundy. John Lord Glynn, member of Cromwell’s “other House,” was “Chief Justice assigned to hold pleas in the Upper Bench.” He was engaged in the prosecution of the Earl of Strafford. He was one of the eleven members impeached by the army in 1647. In the Long Parliament, as well as in Cromwell’s Parliaments, he was member for Carnarvon.—T. W. Henry Nevil, member for Abingdon. In Cromwell’s last Parliament he represented Reading. In a satirical tract, he is spoken of as “religious Harry Nevill;” and we find in Burton’s Diary, that some months before the date of the present song (on the 16th Feb. 1658–9) there was “a great debate” on a charge of atheism and blasphemy which had been brought against him.—T. W. In the satirical tract entitled “England’s Confusion,” this member is described as “hastily rich Cornelius Holland.” He appears to have risen from a low station, and is characterized in the songs of the day as having been a link-bearer.—T. W. Major Salwey was an officer in the Parliamentary array. On the 17th January, 1660, he incurred the displeasure of the House, and was sequestered from his seat and sent to the Tower. He is described as “a smart, prating apprentice, newly set for himself.” He appears to have been originally a grocer and tobacconist; a ballad of the time speaks of him as,
“Salloway with tobacco
Inspired, turned State quack-o;
And got more by his feigned zeal
Then by his, What d’ye lack-o?”
In another he is introduced thus,
“The tobacco-man Salway, with a heart tall of gall
Puffs down bells, steeples, priests, churches and all,
As old superstitions relicks of Baal.”
A third ballad, alluding to his attitude in the House, couples together
“Mr William Lilly’s astrological lyes,
And the meditations of Salloway biting his thumbs.”—T. W. Roger Hill was member for Bridport, in Dorsetshire. He bought a grant of the Bishop of Winchester’s manor of Taunton Dean, valued at 1200 pounds a year. A ballad written towards the end of 1659 says of him,
“Baron Hill was but a valley,
And born scarce to an alley;
But now is lord of Taunton Dean,
And thousands he can rally.” With the revival of the Long Parliament, the old Republican feelings arose again under the denomination of the “Good old Cause.” Innumerable pamphlets were published for and against “The Cause.” Even Prynne, the fierce old Presbyterian, who was now turning against the patriots, lifted up his pen against it, and published “The Republicans and others spurious Good old Cause briefly and truly Anatomized,” 4to, May 13, 1659. Robert Cecil, Esq., was one of the members of the Old Long Parliament who were now brought together to form the Rump. He represented Old Sarum, Wilts. Luke Robinson, of Pickering Lyth, in Yorkshire, was member for Scarborough. An old ballad says of him,
“Luke Robinson, that clownado,
Though his heart be a granado,
Yet a high shoe with his hand in his poke
Is his most perfect shadow.” Sir Harry Vane. Thomas Scott was member for Aylesbury, in Buckinghamshire, in the Long Parliament. Hugh Peters, the celebrated fanatic. In the margin of the original, opposite to the words “the Devil’s fees,” is the following note—“His numps and his kidneys.”—T. W. To save his tithe pig:—probably the origin of the well known slang phrase of the present day. Coloured, or dyed. Faustus. An allusion to a popular old story and song. A copy of the words and tune of “The Fryar and the Nun” is preserved in the valuable collection of ballads in the possession of Mr Thorpe of Piccadilly.—T. W. “October 13th. I went out to Charing Cross to see Major-General Harrison hanged, drawn, and quartered, which was done there, he looking as cheerful as any man could do in that condition.”—Pepys. Thomas Harrison was the son of a butcher at Newcastle-under-Line; he conveyed Charles I. from Windsor to Whitehall to his trial, and afterwards sat as one of the judges. “October 15th. This morning Mr Carew was hanged and quartered at Charing Cross; but his quarters, by a great favour, are not to be hanged up.”—Pepys. Colonel John Carew, like Harrison, was one of the Fifth-monarchy men, a violent and visionary but honest enthusiast. Hugh Peters, for his zeal in encouraging the Commonwealth soldiery, was particularly hated by the Royalists. John Coke, the able lawyer, conducted the prosecution of the King. Gregory Clement, John Jones, Thomas Scott, and Adrian Scrope, were charged with sitting in the High Court of Justice which tried the King. Scott was further charged with having, during the sitting of the Rump Parliament, expressed his approbation of the sentence against the King. Colonel Scrope, although he had been admitted to pardon, was selected as one of the objects of vengeance, and was condemned chiefly on a reported conversation, in which, when one person had strongly blamed what he called the “murder” of the King, Scrope observed, “Some are of one opinion, and some of another.” “October 19th. This morning Hacker and Axtell were hanged and quartered, as the rest are.”—Pepys. Colonel Francis Hacker commanded the guards at the King’s execution. Axtell was captain of the guard of the High Court of Justice at which the King was tried. Richard Brown, one of Cromwell’s Major-generals, Governor of Abingdon, and member for London in the Long Parliament. He had been imprisoned by the Rump. The Earl of Norwich was George Lord Goring, who, with his son, acted a prominent part in the Civil Wars. He was created Earl of Norwich in 1644. John Mordaunt, son of the Earl of Peterborough, celebrated for his exertions to raise insurrections for the King during the Protectorate, was one of the bearers of the letters of the King to Monck. He was created Baron Mordaunt, July 10, 1659. Charles Lord Gerard, afterwards created Earl of Macclesfield, was a very distinguished Royalist officer. Thomas Wentworth, Earl of Cleveland, who had suffered much for his loyalty to Charles I., headed a body of three hundred noblemen and gentlemen in the triumphal procession of Charles II. into London. Charles Stuart, a gallant Royalist officer, who had been created Earl of Litchfield by Charles I. in 1645, and who immediately after the Restoration succeeded his cousin Esme Stuart as Duke of Richmond. Charles Stanley, Earl of Derby, was son of the Earl of Derby who was beheaded after the battle of Worcester, and of the Countess who so gallantly defended Latham House in 1644.
The Nursery Rhyme, “The Man in the Moon drinks claret.” Philip Nye. William Kiffin was a celebrated preacher of this time, and had been an officer in the Parliamentary army. A little before the publication of the present ballad a tract had appeared, with the title, “The Life and Approaching Death of William Kiffin. Extracted out of the Visitation Book by a Church Member.” 4to, London, March 13, 1659–60. He is here said to have been originally ’prentice to a glover, and to have been in good credit with Cromwell, who made him a lieutenant-colonel. He appears to have been busy among the sectaries at the period of the Restoration. He is thus mentioned in a satirical pamphlet of that time, entitled “Select City QuÆries:”—“Whether the Anabaptists’ late manifesto can be said to be forged, false, and scandalous (as Politicus terms it), it being well known to be writ by one of Kiffin’s disciples; and whether the author thereof or Politicus may be accounted the greater incendiary?”—T. W. Fox and Naylor were the founders of the sect of Quakers. Naylor, in particular, was celebrated as an enthusiast. Jacob Boehmen, or Behmen, was a celebrated German visionary and enthusiast, who lived at the end of the sixteenth and beginning of the seventeenth centuries, and the founder of a sect. There was a story that Charles II. was really married to Lucy Walters, the mother of the Duke of Monmouth, and that the contract of marriage was in existence in a “black box,” in the custody of the Bishop of Durham, suggested apparently by the endeavours of that Bishop to change the succession to the crown in favour of the Duke of Monmouth, to the exclusion of James II. Titus Oates, the inventor of the Popish plot. Patience Ward, the alderman.
