Toledo, the Story of an Old Spanish Capital

INDEX

A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, V, W, Y, Z

A
Abderraman, Moorish sovereign, 67.
Abd-ar-Rahman III., the Great Khalif, 75, 76.
Abdulla, 288.
Aben-en-Noguairi, 58.
AlcÁzar, 91, 100, 112, 113, 132, 133, 262.
Alcocer, historian, 10, 77, 133, 134.
Alcurnia, 130.
Alfaqui, the generous Moor who pleaded for his Christian enemies and whose memory is honoured by a statue in the Cathedral, Ayuntamiento, 82, 88, 89, 90, 126, 202.
Alfonso, the Learned, Cronica General, origin of Toledo, 6, 76.
Alfonso VI., 77, 78, 79, 81, 82, 85, 86, 87, 151, 152, 262, 266, 274.
Alfonso VII., 19, 93, 283.
Alfonso VIII., 95, 96, 128.
Alfonso Martinez de Toledo, 97.
Almamon, Toledan king, 77, 78, 79.
Aloysia de Sigea, woman poet of Toledo, 104.
Alvaro de Luna. Great Constable, 102, 105, 182, 262.
Alvar Gomez, Chronicler of Cisneros, 13, 108.
Alvarez, modern damascene worker, 146.
Amador de los Rios, 162, 216.
Ambrosia de Morales, 279.
Amron, of Huesca, slaughter of the terrible Day of the Foss, 68, 69, 70.
Angela Sigea, woman philosopher, 104.
Antonio de Heredia, Toledan poet, 104.
Atanagildo, first Gothic sovereign of Toledo, 25, 274.
Augustus, 15.
Avieno, 8.
Ayala, great Toledan family, rival of the Silvas, 103, 104, 106, 108.
B
Baddo, Gothic Queen, renounces Arianism, 31.
BaÑo de la Cava, 302.
Bayeu, Spanish painter, 19, 174.
Belacin, MÛsa’s son, who married Rodrigo’s widow after the Conquest, 66.
Beltranaje, illegitimate daughter of Henry the Impotent, cause of Portuguese War with Isabel, 106.
Bernard of Cluny, French archbishop of Toledo, who took the Cathedral from the Moors and introduced the Latin rite, 84.
Berruguete, 150, 161, 162, 280, 290, 291, 293, 296, 298.
Blanche, Rodrigo’s widow, 66.
Blanche of Bourbon, Pedro the Cruel’s ill-treated wife, 99, 100.
Blaz Ortiz, 174.
Bristes, legend of DoÑa Luz, 49.
Burial of Count Orgaz, El Greco’s masterpiece, 203.
C
Caius Plancius, 12.
Calderon, 244, 262.
Carlos III., 263.
Casa de Mesa, 254, 258.
Casa de las Tornerias, 256.
Casilda, 287.
Cassim, Toledan Moorish ruler, 67.
Cathedral, 81, 83, 90, 91, 150, 275.
Cava, origin of the word, 58.
Cervantes, 120, 138.
Charles Quint, 108, 109, 113, 262, 290.
Chapel of the New Kings, 186.
Childe Pelayo, conqueror of Covadonga, and son of DoÑa Luz, 50.
Chindasvinthe, Gothic King, 35.
Chronique rimÉe des rois de TolÈde, 38, 53.
Cid, el Campeador, 81, 85, 86, 87, 133.
Cigarrales, 131, 295.
Cisneros’ great Cardinal, 107, 108, 109, 282.
Clepsydras of Az-Zarcal, 247.
Cloisters of Cathedral, 174.
Cloisters of San Juan de los Reyes, 225.
Comuneros, the rising under Juan de Padilla, 110.
Copin of Holland, 169, 173, 176, 179.
Coro of Cathedral, 161, 162.
Corral of Don Diego, 261.
Cortes of Toledo, 107.
Councils of Toledo, 22.
Credo of Toledo, 23.
Cristo de la Luz, 274.
Cristo de la Vega, 276.
D
Dacian, persecution and death of Leocadia, 19, 20, 21.
Diego Mossem Valera, historian, 6.
Dozy, historian, 79.
Denis, St, 18, 19.
E
Egica, 47.
El Greco, 193;
his quarrel with the Chapter of Toledo, 197;
his quarrel with Philip II, 201;
his “Assumption,” 212.
Enrique of Aragon, 182.
Eugenius, first bishop of Toledo, 18, 35, 151.
Expolio of El Greco, 179, 197.
F
Fabrica de Armas, 146.
Faustina de Bourbon, historian, 60.
Favila, 47, 48, 49, 50.
Felix de Artiaga, sonnets on El Greco, 199.
Ferecio, one of the many supposed Greek founders of Toledo, 8.
Fernando of Aragon, husband of Isabel and unnatural father of Juana, called La Loca, 106, 108.
Fernando Gonzalez, 53.
Fernando, St, Castillian monarch, 94, 95, 301.
Fernan Sanchez Calderon, 105, 106.
Florinda, 43, 55, 58.
Francisco de Rojas, 267.
Francisco Ruiz, bishop of Avila, 282.
Fray Bautista Maino, 199, 269, 270.
FrÊdÉgaire, annalist, 33.
Fuensalidas, 271.
Fuente de Guarrazaz, where the famous Gothic votive crowns were discovered, 44.
G
Galafre, 244, 287.
Gamero, historian, 18, 20, 28, 58, 59.
Garcilaso de la Vega, 137.
Gaton, Toledan ally sent by OrdoÑo, King of Leon, against the Sultan in 854, 74.
Gerardo Lobo, 258.
Gharbib, revolutionary poet, 67.
Gosuinda, wife of Atanagildo, 25.
Gosvintha, widow of Leovigildo, who revolts against her step-son, Recaredo, 30.
Gothic Tournament, 55, 56.
Gothic votive crowns, 44, 45, 46.
Gracia Dei, chronicler of Don Pedro; note, 6.
Grafeses, 47, 50.
Guadalete, famous battle, 26, 61, 62.
Gundmar, 33.
Gutierrez Tello, 293, 296.
H
Hacam, Moorish sovereign, 68.
Hacam, El Durrete, insurgent, 72, 73.
Hannibal, conquers Toledo, 11.
Hasdrubal, 10;
his assassination, 11.
Hassadrin, Jewish writer, 231.
Henry the Impotent, 105, 106, 124.
Henry of Trastamare, 100.
Henry of Villena, 249.
Hermandad, famous brotherhood founded 1223, 93, 94, 129.
Hermengildo, prince and martyr, 26, 27, 28, 29.
Hilermo, King of Carpetania, 11.
Hinestrosa, uncle of Maria de Padilla, 99, 100.
Hospital of Santa Cruz, 107, 284.
Hospital of San Juan Bautista or Afuera, 289.
Hotel Castilla, 305.
Huerta del Rey, 243.
I
Ildephonso, St, 35.
Isabel, the great Queen, 106, 107, 185.
Isidor, St, 32, 35.
J
JosÉ Godoz AlcÁntara, 53.
Juan II., 102, 104.
Juan Guttierrez Tello, Toledan Magistrate, 127.
Juana, unfortunate daughter of Isabel the Catholic, 108, 110, 111.
Juana de Castro, one of Pedro the Cruel’s wives, 101.
Juan de Mena, poet; see his famous Coplas on Henry of Villena, 103.
Juan de Padilla, 109, 110, 111, 112.
Juanelo Turriano, see description of his artificio, 113, 143, 144.
Julian, Archbishop, 51.
Julian, Florinda’s father, and Governor of Ceuta, 58, 60.
L
Leander of Seville, 26, 29.
Legend of Puerta del NiÑo Perdido, 40, 51, 55, 56, 57, 58, 60, 61, 62.
Rodrigo Jimenez de Rada, 9, 54, 84, 91, 92, 93, 130, 152.
S
Sala Capitular, 179.
Samuel Levi, 250.
San AndrÈs, 266.
San Clemente, 283.
San Genes, church, 43.
San Ildephonso (chapel), 182.
San JosÉ, 209.
San Juan de la Penitencia, 282.
San Juan de Los Reyes, 216.
San Pedro Martir, 267.
San Roman, 266, 271.
San Servando, 261.
San TomÉ, 266.
San Vicente, 212.
Sancho, Alfonso VI.’s little son, died on the battlefield at eleven, 87.
Santa Cruz, 284.
Santo Domingo el Antiguo, 207.
Santo Domingo el Real, 284.
Santa FÉ, 281.
Santa Isabel, 283.
Santa Maria La Blanca, 238.
Santiago (chapel), 182.
Sarmiento, revolutionary chief and tyrant, 105.
Sertorius, 12.
Siliceo, Cardinal, 17.
Silvas, great Toledan family, 103, 106, 108.
Sisebuth, 33.
Solomon’s table, 65.
Staremberg, 265.
Stephen, father of San Ildephonso, 34.
St John the Baptist of El Greco, 180, 291.
St John the Evangelist of El Greco, 181.
St Martin by El Greco, 209.
St Vicente Ferrer, 239.
Street quoted in chapter on the Cathedral, 157, 158, 159, 160.
Suinthila,

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FOOTNOTES:

[1] Tubal, grandson of Noah, son of Japhet his son, peopled Spain, that I know for sure. And he was the first King from whom the name of Tubalia. And this first King through fright, made his seat in Toledo, because of the waters he did not dare to settle in the plain, but chose the rocky heights. This was forty and three and a hundred years more after the great and savage deluge. And after Tubal reigned Ibero, from whom is said Iberia. Entered Tago with courage, who peopled the South, and much enlarged Toledo and the Tagus, and in conclusion, to his kingdom gave the name of Taja.

Hijo, de Japhet su hijo,
Poblo À EspaÑa, cierto sÉ,
Y es el primer rey que fuÉ,
Por quien Tubalia se dijo.
Y esto primer rey de miedo
Hizo su assiento en Toledo
Que pon las aguas no ha ossado
En lo llano hacer poblado
Sino en alto y en roquedo.

“Esto fuÉ a quarenta y tres
Y mas cien aÑos despues
Del diluvio grande, y fiero,
Y tras Tubal reyno Ibero,
Por quien dicha Iberia es,
Entra Tajo, con denuedo,
Que poblo en el meridion,
Y aumento mucho a Toledo,
Y al Tajo y su reyna ledo
Nombro Taga en conclusion.”

[2] A document exists purporting to be the original letter sent by the Jews of Toledo to their co-religionists of Jerusalem at the time of the Crucifixion. It is addressed: Levi archisinagogo É Samuel Joseph, omes bonos de la aljama de Toledo À Eleazar mint gran sacerdote É À Samuel Ecaniet, Annas y Caiphas, omes bones de la aljama de la terra sancta, salud en el Dios de Israel. It is signed: De Toledo À XIV. dais del mes de Nizan era del CÉsar XVIII. y de Augusto Octaviano LXX. But the “omes bonos” of the Holy Land had settled the question before the lengthy epistle of the “good men” of Toledo reached them.

[3] Conde de Mora: “Historia de Toledo.”

[4] “Bib. Nat.,” p. 16, v. 21

[5] It was chiefly in other Gothic towns that Wamba’s fortifications were demolished. Toledo comparatively escaped.

[6] My notes from the Chronicle says a hundred thousand workshops, but this in revision seems a slip of the pen. Such a number of workshops even at so flourishing an hour would have encumbered Toledo very seriously, I imagine.

[7] Dozy regards Count Julian as an authentic historical figure though both his rank and authority are undefined. He believes he was neither a vassal nor a Spanish subject, and consequently no traitor. But was he a Berber, a Greek, an independent prince or tributary of Spain or of the Emperor of Constantinople? Dozy suggests he may have been an Arabian governor of Ceuta, under the Byzantine emperor, while Arabian authors describe him as a mere merchant.

[8] Mr Stanley Lane Poole in his “Moors in Spain” (wherein he accepts the old-fashioned but improbable legend of Julian or Florinda as history) suggests that Rodrigo was drowned and washed out by the great ocean, and describes the last of the Goths as a kind of legendary Arthur, enfolded in mystery and awaited by his mourning subjects like the Irish Knights who in mediÆval times were expected to return from some dim region of rest to take up again the burden of our life, and lead their followers to victory and prosperity.

[9] Rasis el Moro, Spain, MS. Bib. Pro.—Toledo.

[10] Abou-l-Hasan: Dozy, Recherches sur l’histoire et la littÉrature d’Espagna.

[11] “Histoire de Philippe II.” by H. Fornaron.

[12] The Archbishop of Zamora, Antonio de AcuÑa, a fierce comunero, commanded in the absence of Padilla, and was mighty profane in his method of war for an archbishop. After leading his troops against the King’s Castle of Aguila, he resolutely stormed the Cathedral gates and maltreated the resident canons. The insurgents held the cloisters and prevented the celebration of any church office during their stay. The unfortunate chapter was kept for three entire days and nights from sleeping or eating. What an incredible scandal in hieratic Toledo!

[13] Complaining at the Hotel Castilla to a Spanish painter of my daily persecution at the hands of the beggars of Toledo, I threatened to visit the Governor and make my plaint. The artist, something of a humorist, gravely said, “His Excellency the Governor will listen to you with all courtesy and attention, and when you have finished, he will hold out his hand with a graceful gesture, and say: Da mi una limosna tambien (Give me also alms).

[14] Bibliotica provincial de Toledo.

[15] MS. correspondence of Lope de Vega in possession of SeÑor Menendez y Pelayo.

[16] Street’s visit to Toledo was unfortunately hurried, or he would have been forced to change many of his views. Had he seen the cathedral from Nuestra SeÑora de la Valle, considerably above the bridge of San Martin, he would have found it prominent.

[17] De Toletano Hebraeorum Templo, MS. Bib. Pro. Toledo.

[18] MS. correspondence of Lope de Vega, in possession of SeÑor Menendez y Pelayo.

[19] MS. De Toletano Hebraeorum Templo, Bib. Provincial, Toledo.

[20]

Galiana of Toledo
Most beautiful and marvellous!
The Moor the most celebrated
Of all the Moorish race.
Mouth of rosy pinks,
High bosom that palpitates,
Ivory forehead adorned with
The flaming gold of Tyre.

[21] Wamba, Gothic King, restored the walls of this city, and offered them in Latin verses to God and the saints, its patrons; the Moors effaced them and placed instead blasphemies and errors in Arabian letters. King Philip II., in religious zeal and to preserve the memory of the departed Kings, ordered Gutierrez Tello, city magistrate, to efface them and place, along with the patron saints, the verses of King Wamba.

Typographical errors corrected by the etext transcriber:
Gamera=> Gamero {pg 18}
Toleda is mournful=> Toledo is mournful {pg 74}
Almamon=> Almanon {pg 79}
Abon l. Hasan=> Abou-l-Hasan {pg 79}
Gonzala Ruiz=> Gonzalo Ruiz {pg 132}
Toribio Rodrignez=> Toribio Rodriguez {pg 174}
fomnder’s=> founder’s {pg 176}
Hospital de Afuero=> Hospital de Afuera {pg 200}
The facade=> The faÇade {pg 245}
vegado te lloro=> vegada te lloro {pg 249}
ofrciÓ en versos latinos=> ofreciÓ en versos latinos {pg 293}
Alfonso VII., 19.
Alfonso VII., 93, 283.=> Alfonso VII., 19, 93, 283. {pg 307}

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