1 Constable, by C. Holmes. London: Unicorn Press, 1901.

2 Having no concern here with disputed attributions, I have used the name of Patinir for convenience’ sake alone. The connoisseur may substitute any alternative he prefers.

3 Constable, by C. J. Holmes.

4 Five Essays on Picturesque Subjects, by William Gilpin, p. 19. London, 1808.

5 A Tour to the Lakes, by William Gilpin, vol. i. p. 89. London, 1808.

6 Since this was written Mr. Binyon’s book, The Flight of the Dragon (Wisdom of the East Series: John Murray), has appeared, which treats more fully and with far greater skill and knowledge than I possess with the question of landscape in Eastern art. As I unfortunately read the book too late to incorporate any of its suggestions in the present article, I would refer those readers who are interested to this masterly essay, which confirms and develops the ideas at which I have hinted, without, I am glad to say, making it necessary for me to alter my conclusions.

7 For these observations on Indian art I am indebted to a highly suggestive essay on ‘The Aims and Methods of Indian Art,’ by Dr. Coomaraswamy, contained in his Essays in National Idealism. London: Probsthain and Co.

8 The charge that CÉzanne’s work displays a ‘personal clumsiness of touch’ was made by Mr. Holmes in his notes on the Grafton Exhibition in 1910, and though denied by some critics is completely borne out by the judgment of those who knew the artist personally. M. Alexandre speaks of his ‘Éloquente impuissance.’

9 Introduction to an Exhibition of Pictures, by Camille Pissarro, at the Stafford Gallery. London, 1911.

10 La Nouvelle HÉloÏse, Part I., Letter 23.

11 The Prelude.

12 The Dome, vol. i. p. 147. London: Unicorn Press, 1899.

13 Notes on the Science of Picture-making, by C.J. Holmes. Chatto and Windus, 1910.

14 Notes on the Science of Picture-making, by C. J. Holmes. Chatto and Windus, 1910.

15 Of the claim of Segantini to be considered the true mountain artist I speak with some diffidence, as my acquaintance with him is small. But from what I have seen, I should say that he found himself unable to get away from the contrast between human figures and landscape which hampered the early English water-colourists, with the result that the spirit of the mountains does not dominate his pictures. In any case, his outlook is purely that of the naturalist, and if he is right, then Mr. Holmes is wrong—a conclusion to which I cannot subscribe.

16 Saturday Review, March 4, 1911.

17 There lieth between us long space of shadowy mountains and sounding sea. (Lang, Leaf, and Myers.)

18 And it showed like a shield in the misty deep. (Butcher and Lang.)

19 Yea, for he was a monstrous thing and fashioned marvellously, nor was he like to any man that lives by bread, but like a wooded peak of the towering hills, which stands out apart and alone from others. (Butcher and Lang.)

20 They found his wife therein: she was huge of bulk as a mountain peak, and was loathly in their sight. (Butcher and Lang.)

21 For I went up a craggy peak, a place of outlook, and saw the isle crowned about with the circle of the endless sea, the isle itself lying low: and in the midst thereof mine eyes beheld the smoke through the thick coppice and the woodland. (Butcher and Lang.)

22 For thence all Ida was plain to see: and plain to see were the city of Priam, and the ships of the AchÆans. (Lang, Leaf, and Myers.)

23 No mortal man may scale it or set foot thereon, not though he had twenty hands and feet. For the rock is smooth and sheer, as it were polished. (Butcher and Lang.)

24 Nay, they stood firm, and embattled like a steep rock and a great, hard by the hoary sea, a rock that abides the swift paths of the shrill winds, and the swelling waves that roar against it. Even so the Danaans steadfastly abode the Trojans, and fled not away.

25 Pitiless that thou art, the knight Peleus was not then thy father, nor Thetis thy mother, but the grey sea bare thee, and the sheer cliffs, so untoward is thy spirit.

26 And Earth bore the long mountains, the graceful habitations of the divine Nymphs, who dwell on the wooded mountains.

27 Olympus, where, as they say, is the seat of the gods that standeth fast for ever. Not by winds is it shaken, nor ever wet with rain, nor does the snow come nigh thereto, but most clear air is spread about it, and the white light floats over it.

28 Alpine Journal, vol. xxii.

29 The untrodden peaks of Parnassus shine forth and welcome for mortals the rim of the new day.

30 Mother of wild beasts.

31 Of baleful counsel, wizard.

32 Rawlinson, ad Herod. iv. 184.

33 Ad Pindar, N. ii. 11.

34 Fasti, v.

35 ‘Might, daughter of Endurance,’ is the abstraction with which Mr Bury replaces ‘Alcyone, daughter of Atlas.’

36 Ætna, mother mine.

37 Cool water which well-wooded Ætna pours down for me from her white snow, a draught divine.

38 Was wasting away like snow beneath the long ridge of HÆmus, or Athos, or Rhodope, or Caucasus at the end of the world.

39 High-counselling.

40 Beneath the age-old mountains of Phlius.

41 And he called it the Hill of Cronos: for before Oinomaos ruled, it had no name, and it was wet with much snow.

42 Ætna, whence purest springs of fire unapproachable burst forth from their caverns; springs which by day pour out a lurid river of smoke, but in the darkness the rocks are borne on eddies of blood-red flame to fall crashing upon the ocean-plain far below. So does that prone monster send forth torrents of fire most dread: a portent wondrous to look upon, a marvel even to hear from those at hand.

43 Pillar of heaven, snowy, nurse of keen snow through all the year.

44 CithÆron, nurse of snow.

45 Streams of fire shall one day break forth, devouring with cruel jaws the level fields of fair-fruited Sicily: such fury shall Typhoeus pour forth, boiling with the missiles of hot, insatiable, fire-breathing spray, for all that the bolt of Zeus has scorched him to ashes.

46 Il. xii. 278.

47 But they stood like mists that Cronos’ son setteth in windless air on the mountain-tops, at peace, while the might of the north wind sleepeth and of all the violent winds that blow with keen breath and scatter apart the shadowing clouds. Even so the Danaans withstood the Trojans steadfastly and fled not.

48 And as when from the high crest of a great hill Zeus, the gatherer of the lightning, hath stirred a dense cloud, and forth shine all the peaks and sharp promontories, and glades, and from heaven the infinite air breaks open.