The asterisk denotes that the animal or object is figured on or opposite the page referred to.

Æpyornis, egg of, 145, 148,* 147, 157
eggs found in swamps, 148;
found floating, 148
eggs used for bowls, 145
origin of fable of Roc, 144, 145
Alaskan Live Mammoth Story, 190-193, 197
Anomoepus tracks, 39
Apteryx egg, 147
ArchÆopteryx, description of, 77, 78
discovery of, 77
earliest known bird, 70
restoration, 89*
specimens of, 70,* 88
wing, 72,* 73
Archelon, a great turtle, 54
Basilosaurus, 60
See also Zeuglodon
Beehler, L. W., 209, 213
Birds, always clad in feathers, 71, 127
earliest, 70
Birds, first intimation of, 76
rarity of fossil, 86, 87
related to reptiles, 92
wings of embryonic, 73
with teeth, 79, 88
Bison, European, 231
Books of reference, xix, 17, 32, 47, 69, 89, 110, 137, 158, 176, 197, 218
Breeding of large animals, 233
Brontornis, size of leg-bones, 149
Brontosaurus, size of bones, 96,* 97,* 109
Brooks, W. K., on Lingula, 229
Buffalo legend, 216
Buttons as vestigial structures, 202
Carcharodon auriculatus, 66
teeth, 66
megalodon, 65
estimated size, 66
teeth, 65, 67
Carson City footprints, 45
Casts, how formed, 10, 11
Cats and clover, 234
Cephalaspis, 24*
Ceratosaurus, habits, 106
restoration, 106*
skull, 110*
Changes in Nature slow, 227
Cheirotherium, 43
Chlamydosaurus, 129
Claosaurus. See Thespesius
Climate, changes in western United States, 174
Clover and cats, 234
Cold, effects of, on animals, 230, 231, 233
Cold winters, 230
Collecting fossils, 17, 112-116
Color of large land animals, 134
of young animals, 136
Covering of extinct animals sometimes indicated, 131, 132
Coyotes, effect of their destruction on fruit, 236
Dall, W. H., theory as to extinction of mollusks, 227
Dinosaurs, bones of, 109, 110
brain of, 93
collections of, 109
compared to marsupials, 95
first discovered, 90
food required by, 98
hip-bones mistaken for shoulder-blade, 120
Professor Marsh's epitaph for, 222
range, 92
recognized as new order of reptiles, 91
related to ostrich and alligator, 91
size of, 95, 96, 98
tracks, ascribed to birds, 38
Dinotherium, 200
Diplodocus, estimated weight, 99
supposed habits, 99
Egg of Æpyornis, 147, 148;
Apteryx, 147;
Ostrich, 146;
Moa, 148
Eggs, casts of, 87
Elephant, size, 180
size of tusks, 181, 182
Elephas ganesa, tusks, 196
Encrustations, 14
Extermination. See Extinction
Extinction, ascribed to great convulsions, 225
ascribed to primitive man, 188, 224
of Dinosaurs, 221
local, 225
by man, 224, 225
of Marine Reptiles, 222
often unaccountable, 222, 223
of Pliocene rhinoceros, 232
sometimes evolution, 221, 226
of Titanotheres, 222
Feathers, imprints of, 76, 132
Fishes, abundance of, 25
armored, 23, 24, 25, 28
collections of, 32
killed by cold, 230
killed by volcanoes, 231
Fish-crows, killed by cold, 231
Flesh does not petrify, 10
Flightless birds, absent from Tasmania, 155
present distribution, 154, 155
relation between flightlessness and size, 156
Folds and frills, 129
Footprints, collections of, 47
books on, 47
See also under Tracks
Fossil birds, rarity of, 86
Fossil man, 13
Fossilization a slow process, 10
Fossils, conditions under which they are formed, 5, 7
collecting, 112-116
definition of, 1
deformation of, 16
impressions, 2, 3
not necessarily petrifactions, 2
preparation of, 117-119
why they are not more common, 5, 15, 16
Fowls, muscles of, 81
Frill of Triceratops, 102
Fur-seals killed by ice-floes, 233
Gar pikes, destruction of, 26
Giant birds, reasons for distribution and flightlessness, 153
Giant Moa, 141
leg compared with that of horse, 152*
Giant Sloth, domesticated by man, 224
struggle between, 46
Giant Sloth, tracks at Carson City, 46
Gilfort, Robert, 157
Great Auk, extermination of, 232
Grouse on Scotch moors, 235
Hawkins, B. W., restorations by, 137
Hesperornis, description of, 80
impressions of feathers, 132
position of legs, 83, 84
restoration of, 82*
Hippotherium, 166, 167
Hoactzin, habits of, 74, 75*
Horn does not petrify, 130
Horse, abundant in Pleistocene time, 164
books on, 176
of bronze age, 163, 167
collections of fossil, 176
development of, 167, 168,* 175
differences between fossil and living, 163
early domestication, 165
evidence as to genealogy, 170-173
extra-toed, 172, 173
found in South America in 163, 165
of Julius CÆsar, 172
none found wild in historic times, 165
Pliocene, 166
possibility of existence in America up to the time of its discovery, 169, 170
primitive, 160, 161*
Horse, sketched by primitive man, 163
teeth of, 170
three-toed, 166
Humming-bird, exterminated by hurricane, 231
Hydrarchus, 62*
Hyracotherium, 160, 161,* 170, 174
Ichthyosaurs, silhouettes of, 132
Iguanodons, found at Bernissart, 104
Impressions of feathers, 131
of scales, 131
of skin, 131
Inbreeding, effects of, 231, 232
Information, sources of, xvi
Innuits, habits, 192
Interdependence of animals and plants, 234, 235, 238
Ivory, fossil, 2, 4, 188, 189
Jaw of Mosasaur, 54*
of reptiles, 53
Killing of the Mammoth, story, 177, 193
Kimmswick, deposit of Mastodon bones, 209
Knight, Charles R., restorations by, xviii, 136
Koch's Hydrarchus, 61, 62*
Missourium, 207,* 208
Leaves, impressions of, 3, 13
Leg of Brontornis, 149*
Leg of the Great Brontosaurus, 96*
of Giant Moa, 152*
position in Hesperornis, 83
position in ducks, 84
Lenape Stone, 215, 216, 219*
Life, earliest traces of, 21, 34
Lingula, antiquity of, 228
Professor Brooks on, 229
Loricaria, 24*
Mammoth, adapted to a cold climate, 134
Alaskan Live, Story, 190
believed to live underground, 178
bones taken for those of giants, 185
contemporary with man, 189
derivation of name, 178
description, 179
discovery of entire specimens, 183, 187
distribution, 184, 186
drawn by early man, 189, 197*
entire specimens obtainable, 194
reasons for extermination, 188
killing of the, 29
teeth of, 69
White, or Man-Eater, 65
Skeleton, basis of all restorations, 127
best testimony of animal's relationships, 124
information to be derived from, 120, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127
a problem in mechanics, 102, 124
reconstruction of, 120
relation of, to exterior of animal, 121, 127
of Triceratops, 103,* 121
Spines and plates, 130
Stegosaurus, description of, 106
restoration of, 108*
Survival of the fittest, 173
Teeth, birds with, 79
of gnawing animals, 169, 200
of grass-eaters, 169

Teeth, of horse, 170
of mammoth, 198, 199*
of mastodon, 198, 199*
of sharks, 29, 30
of Thespesius, 105
Thespesius, abundance of, 104, 105
brain of, 93
(Same as Claosaurus)
engulfed in quicksand, 8
impressions of skin, 132
restoration of, 90*
teeth of, 105
at Yale, 109
Tiger, preying on reindeer, 134
Tile-fish, destruction of, 230
Titanichthys, 28, 29
Toothed birds, collections of, 88
discovery of, 79
Townsend C. H., 190-192
Tracks, ascribed to birds, 38
ascribed to giants, 45
animals known from, 41
collections of, 47
of Connecticut Valley, 37
deductions from, 44
of Dinosaurs, 38,* 40,* 41, 47*
discovery in England and America,