| PART I. THE EMIGRANT SHIPS |
| PAGE |
| The Power of Gold | 1 |
| Steerage Conditions in 1844 | 3 |
| Discovery of Gold in Australia | 5 |
| Melbourne and its Shipping in 1851-2 | 6 |
| First Gold Cargoes Home | 10 |
| Great Rush to the Gold Regions in 1852 | 11 |
| Maury’s Improvements on Old Route to the Colonies | 13 |
| Early Fast Passages Outward | 14 |
| Rules and Customs aboard the Eagle in 1853 | 15 |
| Liverpool Shipowners in the Australian Trade | 22 |
| James Baines, of the Black Ball Line | 23 |
| The Marco Polo | 26 |
| Captain James Nicol Forbes | 29 |
| Marco Polo’s First Voyage to Australia | 32 |
| Marco Polo’s Second Voyage to Australia | 36 |
| After Life of Marco Polo | 40 |
| Most Notable Clippers of 1853 | 41 |
| Ben Nevis | 42 |
| The Star of the East | 42 |
| The Miles Barton | 43 |
| The Guiding Star | 44 |
| The Indian Queen | 44 |
| The Famous Sovereign of the Seas | 48 |
| Best Outward Passages for 1853-4, Anchorage to Anchorage | 52 |
| 1854—The Year of the Big Ships | 52 |
| Extraordinary 24-hour Runs | 57 |
| The Lightning | 60 |
| The Red Jacket | 62 |
| Race across the Atlantic between Lightning and Red Jacket | 63 |
| Red Jacket’s First Voyage to Australia | 66 |
| The Lightning’s First Voyage to Australia | 71 |
| Champion of the Seas | 73 |
| The James Baines | 77 |
| Record Voyage of James Baines to Australia | 81 |
| The Donald Mackay | 83 |
| Blue Jacket, White Star, and Shalimar | 85 |
| The Wreck of the Schomberg | 87 |
| Best Outward Passages—Liverpool to Melbourne, 1854-5 | 90 |
| 1855-1857—Captain Anthony Enright and the Lightning | 91 |
| Best Homeward Passages, 1855-6 | 103 |
| Best Outward Passages, 1855-6, Liverpool to Melbourne | 104 |
| James Baines Overdue | 105 |
| James Baines, Champion of the Seas, and Lightning race out to India with Troops in the Time of the Mutiny | 110 |
| Burning of the James Baines | 112 |
| America Sells her Clippers to Great Britain | 113 |
| Notes on the Later American-built Passenger Ships | 114 |
| Black Ballers in the Queensland Emigrant Trade | 115 |
| Sunda and Empress of the Seas Carry Sheep to New Zealand | 115 |
| After Life and End of the Liverpool Emigrant Clippers | 116 |
| The Burning of the Lightning | 117 |
| Blue Jacket’s Figure-head | 118 |
| The Loss of the Fiery Star | 118 |
| Some Famous Coal Hulks | 120 |
| Loss of the Young Australia | 120 |
| The Fate of Marco Polo | 121 |
| PART II.—THE WOOL CLIPPERS |
| The Carriers of the Golden Fleece | 122 |
| The Aberdeen White Star Line | 129 |
| Wood and Composite Ships of the Aberdeen White Star Fleet | 131 |
| The Phoenician | 132 |
| The Lucky Nineveh | 134 |
| The Jerusalem | 134 |
| Captain Mark Breach’s First Encounter with his Owner | 136 |
| The Thermopylae | 137 |
| The Centurion | 137 |
| The Aviemore | 137 |
| The Fate of the Early White Star Clippers | 138 |
| Duthie’s Ships | 140 |
| Passages of Aberdeen Ships to Sydney, 1872-3 | 142 |
| The South Australian Trade | 143 |
| The Orient Line | 146 |
| The Orient and Her Best Outward Passages | 148 |
| Orient nearly Destroyed by Fire | 149 |
| Orient Delivers her Carpenter’s Chest to the Lammermuir in Mid-Ocean | 151 |
| The Little Heather Bell | 152 |
| The Murray | 153 |
| The Orient Composite Clippers | 154 |
| Yatala | 155 |
| The Beltana, and Captain Richard Angel | 156 |
| The Wonderful Torrens | 157 |
| Torrens’ Outward Passages | 161 |
| The Great Sobraon | 163 |
| Messrs. Devitt & Moore | 176 |
| City of Adelaide and South Australian | 178 |
| The Speedy Little St. Vincent | 179 |
| Pekina and Hawkesbury | 180 |
| Mr. T. B. Walker | 180 |
| Walker’s Clipper Barques | 181 |
| The Beautiful Little Berean | 183 |
| Captain John Wyrill | 185 |
| The Berean’s Races | 187 |
| Berean as an Ice Carrier | 190 |
| Loss of the Corinth | 191 |
| The Little Ethel | 192 |
| The Hobart Barque Harriet McGregor | 192 |
| The Fremantle Barques Charlotte Padbury and Helena Mena | 193 |
| PART III.—THE IRON CLIPPERS |
| Introduction of Iron in Shipbuilding | 195 |
| The Ironsides, First Iron Sailing Ship | 200 |
| The Martaban | 200 |
| The Builders of the Iron Wool Clippers | 202 |
| The Darling Downs | 204 |
| City of Agra and Sam Mendel | 204 |
| Dharwar | 205 |
| Strange Career of the Antiope | 206 |
| Theophane | 208 |
| Messrs. Aitken & Lilburn, and the Loch Line of Glasgow | 208 |
| Clan Ranald, Ben Nevis and Loch Awe | 209 |
| Patriarch—First Iron Ship of Aberdeen White Star Line | 212 |
| Thomas Stephens | 214 |
| First Six Ships of the Loch Line | 219 |
| King’s Island—A Death Trap for Ships | 224 |
| Miltiades | 225 |
| Carmichael’s Superb Wool Clipper Mermerus | 227 |
| Devitt & Moore’s Collingwood | 230 |
| Hesperus and Aurora—The First Iron Ships of the Orient Line | 231 |
| Brassey Cadet Training Scheme | 232 |
| Ben Cruachan and Ben Voirlich | 235 |
| Samuel Plimsoll | 240 |
| Loch Maree—The Fastest of the Lochs | 245 |
| Tragedy of the Loch Ard | 247 |
| Devitt & Moore’s Crack Passenger Ship Rodney | 251 |
| Nichol’s Romanoff | 254 |
| Duthie’s Cairnbulg | 254 |
| The Speedy Thessalus | 255 |
| Passages to Australia in 1874 | 257 |
| Loch Garry | 259 |
| Loch Vennachar | 262 |
| Salamis—An Iron Thermopylae | 265 |
| The Colonial Barque Woollahra | 270 |
| Cassiope and Parthenope | 270 |
| Trafalgar | 270 |
| Passages to Australia in 1875 | 271 |
| Sir Walter Raleigh | 273 |
| Loch Fyne and Loch Long | 274 |
| Aristides—The Aberdeen White Star Flagship | 274 |
| Smyrna | 275 |
| Harbinger | 276 |
| Argonaut | 280 |
| Passages to Australia in 1876 | 282 |
| Brilliant and Pericles | 282 |
| Loch Ryan | 284 |
| Loch Etive, of Captain William Stuart and Joseph Conrad fame | 284 |
| The Wreck of Loch Sloy | 286 |
| The Loss of Lochs Shiel and Sunart | 287 |
| Passages to Australia in 1877 | 287 |
| Passages to Australia in 1878 | 295 |
| Sophocles | 296 |
| Passages to Australia in 1879 | 296 |
| Passages to Australia in 1880 | 297 |
| Passages under 80 days to Sydney in 1881 | 300 |
| Passages to Australia in 1881 | 301 |
| The Big Illawarra | 301 |
| Orontes | 302 |
| Loch Torridon | 302 |
| Loch Torridon’s Voyages, 1892-1908 | 316 |
| Port Jackson | 323 |
| Passages to Australia in 1882 and 1883 | 324 |
| Derwent | 326 |
| Passages to Australia in 1884 | 328 |
| Torridon and Yallaroi | 328 |
| Loch Carron and Loch Broom | 329 |
| Passages to Australia in 1885 | 334 |
| Mount Stewart and Cromdale—The Last of the Wool Clippers | 335 |
| Perforated Sails | 337 |
| Hine’s Clipper Barques | 339 |
| Iron Barques of Walker and Trinder, Anderson | 341 |
| The Loss of Lanoma | 342 |
| Occasional Visitors in Australian Waters | 344 |
| PART IV.—THE NEW ZEALAND TRADE |
| The Mayflowers of New Zealand | 346 |
| Edwin Fox | 347 |
| Wild Duck | 347 |
| Shaw, Savill & Co. | 348 |
| Crusader | 349 |
| Helen Denny and Margaret Galbraith | 349 |
| End of Some of Shaw, Savill’s Earlier Ships | 350 |
| The Loss of the Cospatrick | 351 |
| The Loss of the Avalanche | 354 |
| Patrick Henderson’s Albion Shipping Company | 354 |
| Wild Deer | 355 |
| Peter Denny | 362 |
| Albion Shipping Company, 1869 Ships | 362 |
| Christian McCausland Loses her Wheel | 363 |
| Origin of the Albion House-flag | 365 |
| New Zealand Shipping Company | 365 |
| Otaki’s Record Passage Home | 369 |
| Turakina, ex-City of Perth | 370 |
| Robert Duncan’s Six Beautiful Sister Ships | 376 |
| Wellington and Captain Cowan | 380 |
| Wellington Collides with an Iceberg | 382 |
| Oamaru and Timaru | 383 |
| Marlborough, Hermione and Pleione | 384 |
| Taranaki, Lyttelton and Westland | 384 |
| Lutterworth and Lady Jocelyn | 385 |
| Outsiders in the New Zealand Trade | 386 |
| The Pretty Little Ben Venue | 387 |
| Hinemoa | 387 |
| APPENDIX. |
| Appendix | A—Extracts from Lightning Gazette, 1855-1857 | 391 |
| „ | B—Later American-built Passenger Ships to Australia | 410 |
| „ | C—Iron Wool Clippers | 411 |
| „ | D—Log of Ship Theophane, 1868—Maiden Passage | 414 |
| „ | E—List of Clipper Ships Still Afloat and Trading at the Outbreak of War, August, 1914 | 416 |
| „ | F—The Wool Fleet, 1876-1890 | 417 |
