[This table has been drawn up in order to bring together in their chronological sequence those events in different parts of Europe which are necessarily treated in the text under the head of different states. The chief events in English History are inserted to serve as guide-posts, even though in some cases no direct reference may be made to them in the following pages.]
class="c011"> 68 |
|
| “ David Bruce escapes to France, and French intervention in Scotland | 68 |
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| 1334. Death of John XXII., and election of Benedict XII. | 102 |
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| 1335. Death of Henry, Duke of Carinthia and Count of Tyrol | 106 |
|
| “ Carinthia acquired by Hapsburgs, while Tyrol goes to Margaret Maultasch, wife of John Henry of Moravia | 107 |
|
| 1336. Rudolf Brun effects a revolution in ZÜrich | 131 |
|
| “ Rising in Ghent under Jacob van Artevelde | 71 |
|
| “ Death of James III. of Aragon, and accession of Peter IV. | 481 |
|
| 1337. Edward III. claims the French crown and seeks allies in Flanders and Germany | 71 |
|
| 1338. Electoral meeting at Rense, and diet at Frankfurt to protest against papal pretensions in Germany | 102 |
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| “ Meeting of Lewis the Bavarian and Edward III. at Coblentz | 72 |
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| “ League against Mastino della Scala. Verona loses its ascendency in northern Italy | 147 |
|
| 1339. Edward III. invades France from Flanders. Beginning of Hundred Years’ War. Unsuccessful campaign in Picardy | 72 |
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| “ Death of Azzo Visconti. Succeeded by his uncle Lucchino | 175 |
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| 1340. Naval victory of the English at Sluys | 72 |
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| “ Edward repulsed from Tournay, concludes truce with Philip VI. | 72 |
|
| “ Succession dispute in Brittany on death of John III. | 73 |
|
| “ Alfonso XI. of Castile defeats the Moors in battle of the Salado | 471 |
|
| “ Waldemar III. restores monarchical power in Denmark | 433 |
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| 1341. Lewis the Bavarian divorces Margaret of Maultasch from John Henry of Moravia, and marries her to his son, Lewis of Brandenburg | 107 |
|
| “ Death of Andronicus III., and accession of John V. | 500 |
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| 1342. Edward III. supports John de Montfort in Brittany | 73 |
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| “ Death of Carobert of Hungary, and accession of Lewis the Great | 152 |
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| “ Death of Benedict XII., and election of Clement VI. | 106 |
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| 1343. Death of Robert of Naples, and accession of Joanna I. | 152 |
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| “ Expulsion of Walter de Brienne, and constitutional changes in Florence | 148 |
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| “ Treaty of Kalisch between Poland and the Teutonic Order | 458 |
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| 1345. Murder of Andrew of Hungary, husband of Joanna of Naples | 152 |
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| 1345. Assassination of Jacob van Artevelde | 74 |
|
| “ Death of William IV. of Holland, Hainault, and Zealand. His territories pass to a son of Lewis the Bavarian | 75, 108 |
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| 1346. Opposition in Germany to Lewis the Bavarian. Election of Charles IV. as King of the Romans | 108 |
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| “ Battle of CrÉcy | 1375. Truce between England and France, leaving England in occupation of Calais, Bordeaux, and Bayonne | 96 |
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| “ Death of Waldemar III. of Denmark. Accession of Olaf | 442 |
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| 1376. Death of the Black Prince (June 8) | 96 |
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| “ Election of Wenzel as King of the Romans | 121 |
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| 1377. Death of Edward III. of England. Accession of Richard II. | 96 |
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| “ Gregory XI. leaves Avignon for Rome | 162, 185 |
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| 1378. Death of Gregory XI. in Rome. Election of Urban VI. | 162, 185 |
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| “ Rising of the ‘Ciompi’ in Florence | 164 |
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| “ Outbreak of war between Venice and Genoa | 172 |
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| “ Galeazzo Visconti dies and is succeeded by Gian Galeazzo | 177 |
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| “ Election of anti-pope Clement VII. (Sept. 20). Beginning of the great schism | 122, 162, 186 |
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| “ Death of the Emperor Charles IV. (Nov. 29). Partition of his dominions | 123 |
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| 1379. The Genoese seize Chioggia and blockade Venice | 172 |
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| “ Death of Henry II. of Castile, and accession of John I. | 474 |
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| 1380. Death of Charles V. of France, and accession of Charles VI. | 97, 315 |
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| “ Death of Hakon of Norway. Union of Norway and Denmark under Olaf | 442 |
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| “ The Genoese are forced to capitulate at Chioggia. Triumph of Venice | 173 |
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| “ Death of Lewis the Great, King of Hungary and Poland | 190, 459 |
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| 1381. Rising of the lower classes in England | 316 |
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| 1382. Counter-revolution in Florence establishes oligarchy | 166 |
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| “ Rising of the Maillotins in Paris | 317 |
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| “ Rising of the Flemings under Philip van Artevelde | 317 |
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| “ French defeat of the Flemings at Roosebek | 318 |
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| “ Suppression of the Maillotins in Paris | 318 |
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| “ Death of Joanna I. of Naples. Accession of Charles III. | 154 |
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| 1383. Death of Lewis de MÂle. His son-in-law, Philip of Burgundy, acquires Flanders, Artois, Nevers, Rethel, and Franche-ComtÉ | 320 |
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| 1385. Gian Galeazzo Visconti imprisons his uncle, Bernabo, and reunites the Milanese dominions | 177 |
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| “ Charles III. of Naples claims crown of Hungary | 191 |
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| “ Portuguese victory at Aljubarrota over Castilians | 474 |
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| “ Death of Louis of Anjou, who had obtained Provence but had been defeated by Charles III. as a claimant to Naples | 154 |
|
| 1386. Jagello of Lithuania marries Hedwig, younger daughter of Lewis th
| 237 |
|
| “ Death of Albert II. (Oct. 27) | 401 |
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| “ Union of Greek and Latin Churches agreed to at Florence | 236 |
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| “ Deposition of Eugenius IV. by the Council of Basel | 238 |
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| “ Election of anti-pope Felix V. | 238 |
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| 1440. The Praguerie in France | 354 |
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| “ Election of Frederick III. as King of the Romans | 402 |
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| “ Ladislas Postumus becomes Duke of Austria and King of Bohemia | 409 |
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| “ The Hungarians elect Ladislas III. of Poland | 409 |
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| “ ‘Prussian League’ formed in opposition to the Teutonic Order | 463 |
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| 1441. Peace between Milan and Venice. Venice keeps Brescia and Bergamo | 251 |
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| “ Venice acquires possession of Ravenna | 251 |
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| 1442. Alfonso V. of Aragon finally secures the crown of Naples | 271 |
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| “ Death of Blanche of Navarre. Her husband, John of Aragon, keeps the crown, excluding his son, Charles of Viana | 485 |
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| 1443. Eugenius IV. returns to Rome | 239 |
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| 1444. Battle of Varna. Death of Ladislas of Poland and Hungary | 410, 508 |
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| 1445. Organisation of standing army in France | 354 |
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| “ Ladislas Postumus accepted as King of Hungary | 410 |
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| “ Æneas Sylvius arranges terms between Frederick III. and Eugenius IV. | 240 |
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| “ Marriage of Henry VI. of England with Margaret of Anjou | 356 |
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| 1446. Banishment of the dauphin Louis to DauphinÉ | 358 |
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| 1447. Death of Eugenius IV. (Feb. 23), and election of Nicolas V. | 241, 272 |
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| “ Death of Filippo Maria Visconti. Republic in Milan | 252 |
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| 1448. Nicolas V. approves concordat with Germany | 241, 273 |
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| “ Death of John VI. Succeeded by Constantine PalÆologus | 509 |
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| “ Death of Christopher vacates the three Scandinavian crowns | 446 |
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| “ Swedes elect Karl Knudson | 446 |
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| “ Christian I. (of Oldenburg) becomes King of Denmark | 446 |
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| 1449. Dissolution of the Council of Basel | 241 |
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| “ Renewal of war in France. Invasion of Normandy by the French | 357 |
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| 1450. Grand jubilee in Rome | 242, 273 |
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| “ Francesco Sforza makes himself master of Milan | 253 |
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| “ Disorder in England. Rising of Jack Cade | 305 |
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| “ Florence at war with Naples and the Papacy | 282, 307 |
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| 1479. Death of John II. of Aragon. Succeeded by Ferdinand the Catholic, but Navarre passes to his daughter Eleanor | 487 |
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| “ Florentine reverses. Lorenzo de’ Medici goes to Naples | 308 |
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| “ Regency of Bona of Savoy in Milan overthrown by Ludovico Sforza | 262 |
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| “ Treaty of Constantinople ends the long war between Venice and the Turks | 256, 513 |
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| 1480. Occupation of Otranto by the Turks | 283, 310, 513 |
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| “ Florence makes peace with Naples and Sixtus IV. | 309 |
|
| “ Important constitutional changes in Florence | 310 |
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| “ Death of RÉnÉ le Bon, succeeded by Charles of Maine | 389 |
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| 1481. Death of Mohammed II.. Evacuation of Otranto. Temporary decline of Turkish power | 513 |
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| “ Death of Charles of Maine enables Louis XI. to acquire Anjou, Maine, and Provence | 389 |
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| 1482. Death of Mary of Burgundy | 388 |
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| “ Treaty of Arras settles the Burgundian succession | 388 |
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| “ Venetian attack upon Ferrara | 257, 283 |
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| “ Coalition of Milan, Naples, and Florence against Venice and the Papacy | 257, 283 |
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| 1483. Death of Edward IV. of England | 388 |
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| “ Death of Louis XI. Accession of Charles VIII. Regency of Anne of Beaujeu | 390 |
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| “ Sixtus IV. deserts Venice and joins the hostile league | 284 |
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| 1484. Meeting of States-General at Tours | 391 |
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| “ Treaty of Bagnolo ends the Ferrarese war | 257, 284 |
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| “ Death of Sixtus IV., and election of Innocent VIII. | 284 |
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| “ War between Mathias Corvinus and Frederick III. | 416 |
|
| 1485. Henry VII. establishes the Tudor dynasty in England | 391 |
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| “ Rising of Neapolitan barons against Ferrante. Offer of the crown to RÉnÉ of Lorraine | 286 |
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| “ Mathias Corvinus seizes Vienna | 417 |
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| 1486. Bartholomew Diaz rounds the Cape of Good Hope | 492 |
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| “ Maximilian elected King of the Romans in his father’s lifetime | 417 |
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| 1488. Death of Francis II. of Brittany. Succeeded by daughter Anne | 391 |
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| 1490. Death of Mathias Corvinus. Succeeded by Ladislas of Bohemia | 417 |
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| 1491. Anne of Brittany compelled to marry Charles VIII. | |
