Government in Republican China

CONTENTS

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FIRST PART MOVEMENTS
	Page
Foreword by Fritz Morstein Marx	vii

Acknowledgments	xi

Introduction	1
Duality or Confluence?	1
The Peculiarities of Old China	2
The Peculiarities of Modern China	6
The World Significance of Chinese Government	7
The Main Factors in Modern Chinese Government	9
The Approach	11
CHAPTER I
Confucianism	13
The Ages before Confucius	13
The Ideology Called Confucian	15
Government in the Confucian Ideology	18
The Replacement of the Confucian Ideology	22
The Chief Movements in the Rebuilding of China	24
Confucianism in the Republic	26
CHAPTER II
The Rise of Nationalism	31
Nationalism: Patriotic Anti-Manchu Phase	31
Nationalism: Revolutionary Modernist Phase	34
Nationalism: Republican Phase	36
Nationalism: Constitutionalist Phase	38
The Political Doctrines of Sun Yat-sen	41
Opportunist Movements and Their Anticonstitutional Effects	44
Christianity as a Political Force	48
Nationalism: Social Revolutionary Phase	50
CHAPTER III
Battling Creeds	57
Nationalism: Governing Phase	57
Independent Marxism in China	63
Japanese Efforts to Participate in Creating a New China	69
Patriotism: The United Front	72
SECOND PART ARMIES
CHAPTER IV
Warriors	76
Military Rule and Political Economy	76
The Downfall of the Charioteers	79
Military Elements in Chinese Imperial History	83
The Military Organization of the Manchu Dynasty	86
The Army and the Republican Revolution	97
CHAPTER V
Causes	102
The Age of the War Lords	102
The Age of Air Conquest	108
Governmental and Political Role of the Armies	113
War and the Agrarian Economy	115
Imperialism and Chinese Wars	119