Astronomy for Young Folks

TABLES

TABLE I

THE PRINCIPAL ELEMENTS OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM

THE PRINCIPAL ELEMENTS OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM (Continued)

Name	Mean Diameter in Miles	Mass	Volume	Density Relative to that of Water	Surface Gravity (Relative to Earth's)	Velocity of Escape (Miles per Second)	Reflecting Power in Per Cent	Period of Axial Rotation	Inclination of Equator to Orbit
Name	Mean Diameter in Miles	Relative to Earth's		Density Relative to that of Water	Surface Gravity (Relative to Earth's)	Velocity of Escape (Miles per Second)	Reflecting Power in Per Cent	Period of Axial Rotation	Inclination of Equator to Orbit
Sun	864,392	329,390	1,300,000	1.40	27.64	383	.....	25 d. 8 h.	7°15'
Moon	2,160	.012	.02	3.34	0.16	1.5	7	27 d. 7.7 h.	641
Mercury	3,009	.045	.06	4.48?	0.31?	2.2	7	88 d. ?	?
Venus	7,575	.807	.92	4.85?	0.85	6.6	59	?	?
Earth	7,918	1.000	1.00	5.53	1.00	7	44	23 h. 56 m.	2327
Mars	4,216	.106	.15	3.58	0.35	1.5	15	2437	2359
Asteroids	5-485[2]	very small	very small	3.3	.0008 to .04	.33 to .01	7	.....	.....
Jupiter	88,392	314.50	1309	1.25	2.52	37	56	955±	3°
Saturn	74,163	94.07	760	0.63	1.07	22	63	1014±	27°
Uranus	30,878	14.40	65	1.44	0.99	13	63	1045±	?
Neptune	32,932	16.72	85	1.09	0.87	14	73	?	?

TABLE II

THE SATELLITES OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM

Name	Apparent Magnitude	Mean Distance from Planet's Center, in miles	Diameter in miles	Period of Revolution	Discoverer	Year of Discovery
THE EARTH
Moon		238,857	2160	27 days, 7 hours, 43 minutes
MARS
1. Phobos	14	5,850	10?	0 days, 7 hours, 39 minutes	Asaph Hall	1877
2. Deimos	13	14,650	10?	1 day, 6 hours, 17 minutes	Asaph Hall	1877
JUPITER
v.	13	112,500	100?	0 day, 11 hours, 57 minutes	Barnard	1892
i.	6.5	261,000	2452	1 day, 18 hours, 28 minutes	Galileo	1610
ii.	6.5	415,000	2045	3 days, 13 hours, 14 minutes	Galileo	1610
iii.	6	664,000	3558	7 days, 3 hours, 43 minutes	Galileo	1610
iv.	7	1,167,000	3345	16 days, 16 hours, 32 minutes	Galileo	1610
vi.	14	7,372,000	small	266 days, 0 hours, 0 minutes	Perrine	1904
vii.	16	7,567,900	very small	276 days, 16 hours, 5 minutes	Perrine	1905
viii.	17	15,600,000	very small	789 days, 0 hours, 0 minutes	Melotte	1908
ix.	19	18,900,000	20?	3 years	Nicholson	1914
SATURN
1. Meimas	15	117,000	600	0 days, 22 hours, 37 minutes	Herschel	1789
2. Enceladus	14	157,000	800	1 day, 8 hours, 53 minutes	Herschel	1789
3. Tethys	11	186,000	1200	1 day, 21 hours, 18 minutes	Cassini	1684
4. Dione	11	238,000	1100	2 days, 17 hours, 41 minutes	Cassini	1684
5. Rhea	10	332,000	1500	4 days, 12 hours, 25 minutes	Cassini	1672
6. Titan	9	771,000	3000	15 days, 22 hours, 41 minutes	Huygens	1655
7. Hyperion	16	934,000	500	21 days, 6 hours, 39 minutes	Bond	1848
8. Japetus	11	2,225,000	2000	79 days, 7 hours, 54 minutes	Cassini	1671
9. Phoebe	17	8,000,000	200?	546 days, 12 hours, 0 minutes	W.H. Pickering	1898
10. Themis	17	906,000	?	20 days, 20 hours, 24 minutes	W.H. Pickering	1905
URANUS
1. Ariel	15	120,000	500	2 days, 12 hours, 29 minutes	Lassell	1851
2. Umbriel	16	167,000	400	4 days, 3 hours, 28 minutes	Lassell	1851
3. Titania	13	273,000	1000	8 days, 16 hours, 56 minutes	Herschel	1787
4. Oberon	14	365,000	800	13 days, 11 hours, 7 minutes	Herschel	1787
NEPTUNE
1. Nameless	13	221,500	2000	5 days, 21 hours, 3 minutes	Lassell	1846

RINGS OF SATURN

Name	Width, in miles	Distance of Inner Edge from Surface of Saturn, in miles	Distance of Outer Edge from Surface of Saturn, in miles	Diameter of Ring System from outer edge to outer edge, 172,500 miles. Thickness of Ring System, about one hundred miles. Size of Individual Moonlets, probably less than three miles in diameter.
Dark or Crape Ring	10,900	5,900	16,800
Bright Ring	18,000	16,800	34,800
Cassini's Division	2,200	34,800	37,000
Outer Ring	11,000	37,000	48,000

TABLE III

THE TWENTY BRIGHTEST STARS IN THE HEAVENS

Name	Magnitude	Color	On Meridian 9 P. M.	Passes through the Zenith in Latitude	Distance in Light-Years
Sirius, Alpha Canis Majoris	-1.6	White	February 12	17 S.	8.8
Canopus,[3] Alpha Argus	-0.9	White	February 8	53 S.	?
Alpha Centauri[3]	0.1	Yellow	June 15	61 S.	4.3
Vega, Alpha LyrÆ	0.1	White	August 15	39 N.	40
Capella, Alpha AurigÆ	0.2	Yellow	January 20	46 N.	38
Arcturus, Alpha BoÖtis	0.2	Orange	June 10	20 N.	21
Rigel, Beta Orionis	0.8	Bluish-White	January 20	8 S.	?
Procyon, Alpha Canis Minoris	0.5	White	February 26	5 N.	12
Achernar,[3] Alpha Eridani	0.6	Bluish-White	December 2	58 S.	80
Beta Centauri	0.9	Bluish-White	June 7	60 S.	100
Betelgeuze, Alpha Orionis	Var. 1.0-1.4	Red	January 31	7 N.	150-270?
Altair, Alpha AquilÆ	0.9	White	September 4	9 N.	16
Alpha Crucis[3] (Double Star)	1.6-2.1	Bluish-White	May 14	63 S.	220
Aldebaran, Alpha Tauri	1.1	Red	January 11	16 N.	27
Pollux, Beta Geminorum	1.2	Yellow	February 28	28 N.	35
Spica, Alpha Virginis	1.2	Bluish-White	May 29	11 S.	?
Antares, Alpha Scorpii	1.2	Red	July 12	26 S.	850
Fomalhaut, Alpha Piscis Australis	1.3	White	October 24	30 S.	25
Deneb, Alpha Cygni	1.3	White	September 19	45 N.	?
Regulus, Alpha Leonis	1.3	White	April 8	12 N.	32

TABLE IV

A LIST OF THE PRINCIPAL CONSTELLATIONS
1. VISIBLE IN 40° NORTH LATITUDE

Name	Chief Star or Noted Object	On Meridian 9 P. M.	Passes Overhead in Latitude[4] (Degrees)
Andromeda	Great Nebula	November	35 N.
Aquarius		October	5 S.
Aquila	Altair	September	0°
Aries		December	20 N.
Auriga	Capella	February	40 N.
BoÖtes	Arcturus	June	30 N.
Cancer	Praesepe	March	20 N.
Canes Venatici	Cor Caroli	June	40 N.
Canis Major	Sirius	March	20 S.
Canis Minor	Procyon	March	10 N.
Capricornus		October	15 S.
Cassiopeia		November	60 N.
Cepheus		November	70 N.
Cetus	Mira	December	5 S.
Columba		February	35 S.
Coma Berenices		May	25 N.
Corona Borealis	Alphecca	July	30 N.
Corvus		May	20 S.
Crater		May	15 S.
Cygnus.	Deneb	September	40 N.
Delphinus	Most distant globular cluster	September	15 N.
Draco	Alpha	August	65 N.
Eridanus	Achernar	January	10° N. to 60° S.
Gemini	Pollux	March	25 N.
Hercules	Great Cluster	July	30 N.
Hydra		April	20 S.
Leo	Regulus	April	15 N.
Lepus		February	20 S.
Libra		June	15 S.
Lynx		April	45 N.
Lyra	Vega	August	40 N.
Ophiuchus		July	10 S.
Orion	Great Nebula	February	0°
Piscis Australis	Fomalhaut	October	30 S.
Pegasus		November	20 N.
Perseus	Algol	January	50 N.
Pisces		December	5 N.
Sagitta		September	20 N.
Sagittarius		August	30 S.
Scorpio	Antares	July	30 S.
Serpens		July	20° N. to 15° S.
Taurus	Pleiades	January	20 N.
Triangulum		December	35 N.
Ursa Major	Mizar	May	65 N.
Ursa Minor	Polaris		85 N.
Virgo	Spica	June	0°

2. INVISIBLE IN 40° NORTH LATITUDE

Name	Chief Star or Noted Object	On Meridian 9 P. M.	Passes Overhead in Latitude[4] (Degrees)
Apus		July	75 S.
Ara		July	55 S.
Argo Navis	Canopus	March	50 S.
1. Carina		March	60 S.
2. Puppis		March	45 S.
3. Vela		March	50 S.
Centaurus	Alpha Centauri	June	50 S.
Crux (Southern Cross)	Alpha Crucis	June	60 S.
Dorado	Gt. Magellanic Cloud	February	58 S.
Grus		October	45 S.
Hydrus	Lesser Mag. Cloud		70 S.
Indus		September	55 S.
Lupus		June	40 S.
Musca		June	70 S.
Octans			85 S.
Pavo		October	65 S.
Phoenix		November	45 S.
Telescopium		July	48 S.
Triangulum Australe		July	65 S.
Tucana	Great Cluster	November	60 S.
Volans		March	75 S.

TABLE V

PRONUNCIATIONS AND MEANINGS OF NAMES OF STARS AND CONSTELLATIONS

1. STARS

Name	Pronunciation	Meaning
Achernar	a-ke´r-nÄr	End-of-the-River
Aldebaran	al-de´b-ar-an	The Hindmost
Altair	al-ta´r
Antares	an-ta´-rez	Rival of Ares (Mars)
Arcturus	Ärk-t´u-rus
Bellatrix	bel-la´trix	The Female Warrior
Betelgeuze	be´t-el-gerz or be´t-el-gez	The Arm-Pit
Canopus	cÄn-o´-pus
Capella	ca-pel-la	Little She-Goat
Deneb	de´n-eb
Denebola	de-ne´b-o-la	The Lion's Tail
Fomalhaut	fo´-mal-o	The Fish's Mouth
Hyades	hi-a-dez	The Rainy Ones
Pleiades	ple´-ad-ez
Pollux	po´l-lux
Praesepe	pre-se´-pe	The Beehive
Procyon	pro-si´-on	Precursor of the Dog
Regulus	reg´-u-lus	The Ruler
Rigel	ri´-gel or ri-jel
Sirius	sir´-i-us	The Sparkling One
Spica	spi´-ka	The Ear of Wheat
Vega	ve´-ga

2. CONSTELLATIONS

Name	Pronunciation	Meaning
Andromeda	an-d´rom-e-da	The Woman Chained
Aquarius	a-kw´a-ri-us	The Water-bearer
Aquila	a´k-wi-la	The Eagle
Ara	a´-ra	The Altar
Argo Navis	Ä´r-go-n´a-vis	The Ship Argo
Aries	a´-res	The Ram
Auriga	Äw-ri´-ga	The Charioteer
BoÖtes	bo-o´-tez	The Herdsman
Cancer	ca´n-ser	The Crab
Canes Venatici	ca´-nez ven-a´t-i-si	The Hunting Dogs
Canis Major	ca´-nis ma´jor	The Greater Dog
Canis Minor	ca´-nis mi´nor	The Lesser Dog
Capricornus	ca´p-ri-kÖ´r-nus	The Goat
Cassiopeia	ca´s-si-o-p´e-ya
Centaurus	cen-tÄ´w-rus	The Centaur
Cepheus	se-fe-us
Cetus	s´e-tus	The Whale
Columba	col-u´m-ba	The Dove
Coma Berenices	co´ma ber-e-ni-ses	Berenice's Hair
Corona Borealis	co-ro´-na bo-re-a´-lis	The Northern Crown
Corvus	cÔ´r-vus	The Crow
Crater	cr´a-ter	The Cup
Crux	kru´x	The Cross
Cygnus	si´g-nus	The Swan
Delphinus	del-fi´-nus	The Dolphin
Dorado	dÔr-a´-do	The Goldfish
Draco	dra´-co	The Dragon
Eridanus	e-ri´d-a-nus	The River Eridanus
Gemini	jem´-i-ni	The Twins
Grus	gru´s	The Crane
Hercules	her-ku-lez
Hydra	hi´-dra	The Water-snake
Hydrus	hi´-drus	The Serpent
Indus	i´nd-us	The Indian
Leo	le´-o	The Lion
Lepus	le´-pus	The Hare
Libra	li´-bra	The Scales
Lupus	lu´-pus	The Wolf
Lynx		The Fox
Lyra	li´-ra	The Lyre
Musca	mus´-ca	The Fly
Octans	o´ct-ans	The Octant
Ophiuchus	o´-fi-u´-kus	The Serpent-holder
Orion	o-ri´-on	The Warrior
Pavo	pÄ´-vo	The Peacock
Phoenix	fe´-nix
Piscis Australis	pi´s-sis aus-tra´-lis	The Southern Fish
Pegasus	peg´-a-sus	The Winged Horse
Perseus	pe´r-se-us or per-sus
Pisces	pi´s-sez	The Fishes
Sagitta	sa-ji´t-ta	The Arrow
Sagittarius	sa-jit-ta´-ri-us	The Archer
Scorpio	skÔ´r-pi-o	The Scorpion
Serpens	ser-pens	The Serpent
Taurus	tÄu-rus	The Bull
Telescopium	tel-es-cop´-i-um	The Telescope
Triangulum	tri-a´n-gu-lum	The Triangle
Tucana	tu´c-an-a	The Toucan
Ursa Major	u´r-sa ma´-jor	The Greater Bear
Ursa Minor	u´r-sa mi´-nor	The Lesser Bear
Virgo	ve´r-go	The Maiden
Volans	vo´l-ans	The Flying Fish

FOOTNOTES:

[1] About 940 have been discovered up to the present time.

[2] Extreme values.

[3] Invisible north of 35° N. Lat. (approximate).

[4] The approximate position of the center of the constellation.

Transcriber's Note:

Obvious typographical errors have been repaired.

Mid-paragraph illustrations were moved near to the text describing the illustrated material.

Redundant title—Astronomy for Young Folks—on p. 3 was deleted.

P. 3: Canst thou bring forth Mazzaroth—"Canst" is assumed in blank space.

P. 25: brighter object than the nearby star Aldebaran—"star" is assumed in blank space.

P. 122: Illustration originally stated "See note page 126". That statement was removed, and the actual note from page 126 was moved to its place with the illustration.

P. 174: [...]—duplicate of later line "occurred at L'Aigle, France, in 1803. Between two" appeared at this spot. Possible missing text where the line occurred.

Data in tables retained as in original, but may be incorrect—for example, the escape velocity of Mars, represented as 1.5 miles per second in Table I, is closer to 3.1.

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