Members are requested to inform the Hon. Secretary of any errors or alterations in this List.

• 1899 Aberdare, The Right Hon. Lord, 83, Eaton Square, S.W.1.
• 1847 Aberdeen University Library, Aberdeen.
• 1913 Abraham, 2nd Lieut. H. C., 12 Malvern Road, Gillingham, Kent.
• 1895 Adelaide Public Library, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia.
• 1847 Admiralty, The, Whitehall, S.W.1. [2 copies.]
• 1847 Advocates' Library, 11, Parliament Square, Edinburgh.
• class="hangingindent">class="hangingindent">1847 All Souls College, Oxford.
• 1847 American Geographical Society, 11, West 81st Street, New York City, U.S.A.
• 1901 Andrews, Capt. F., R.N., H.M. Dockyard, Malta.
• 1906 Andrews, Michael C., Esq., 17, University Square, Belfast.
• 1847 Antiquaries, The Society of, Burlington House, Piccadilly, W.1.
• 1909 Armstrong, Capt. B. H. O., R.E.
• 1847 Army and Navy Club, 36, Pall Mall, S.W.1.
• 1847 AthenÆum Club, Pall Mall, S.W.1.
• 1912 Aylward, R. M., Esq., 7a, Avenida Sur, No. 87, Guatemala.

• 1899 Baer, Joseph & Co., Messrs., Hochstrasse 6, Frankfort-on-Main, Germany.
• 1847 Bagram, John Ernest, Esq., 10, Old Post Office Street, Calcutta.
• 1909 Baldwin, Stanley, Esq., M.P., Astley Hall, nr. Stourport.
• 1899 Ball, John B., Esq., Ashburton Cottage, Putney Heath, S.W.15.
• 1893 Barclay, Hugh Gurney, Esq., Colney Hall, Norwich.
• 1911 Barwick, G. F., Esq., British Museum, W.C.1.
• 1899 Basset, M. RenÉ, Directeur de l'Ecole SupÉrieure des Lettres d'Alger, Villa Louise, rue Denfert Rochereau, Algiers.
• 1894 Baxter, Hon. James Phinney Esq., 61, Deering Street, Portland, Maine, U.S.A.
• 1913 Beaumont, Major, H., Rhoscolyn, Holyhead, N. Wales.
• 1904 Beetem, Charles Gilbert, Esq., 110, South Hanover Street, Carlisle, Pa., U.S.A.
• 1899 Belfast Library and Society for Promoting Knowledge, Donegall Square North, Belfast.
• 1913 Belfield, T. Broom, Esq., 1905, Spring Garden Street, Philadelphia, Pa., U.S.A.
• 1896 Belhaven and Stenton, Col. The Right Hon. the Lord, R.E., 41, Lennox Gardens, S.W.1. (Vice-President).
• 1913 Bennett, Ira A. Esq., Editor Washington Post, Washington, D.C., U.S.A.
• 1847 Berlin Geographical Society (Gesellschaft fÜr Erdkunde), Wilhelmstrasse 23, Berlin, S.W., 48.
• 1847 Berlin, the Royal Library of, Opernplatz, Berlin, W.
• 1847 Berlin University, Geographical Institute of, Georgenstrasse 34-36 Berlin, N.W.7.
• 1914 Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii Island.
• 1913 Beuf, L., 6, Via Caroli, Genoa.
• 1913 Bewsher, F. W., Esq.
• 1911 Bingham, Professor Hiram, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
• 1899 Birmingham Central Free Library, Ratcliff Place, Birmingham.
• 1847 Birmingham Old Library, The, Margaret Street, Birmingham.
• 1910 Birmingham University Library.
• 1899 Board of Education, The Keeper, Science Library, Science Museum, South Kensington, S.W.7.
• 1847 Bodleian Library, Oxford.
• 1917 Bombay University Library, Bombay.
• 1894 Bonaparte, H. H. Prince Roland NapolÉon, Avenue d'JÉna 10, Paris.
• 1847 Boston AthenÆum Library, 10-1/2, Beacon Street, Boston, Mass., U.S.A.
• 1847 Boston Public Library, Copley Square, Boston, Mass., U.S.A.
• 1912 Bourke, Hubert, Esq., Feltimores, Harlow, Essex.
• 1899 Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Maine, U.S.A.
• 1894 Bower, Major-General Hamilton, c/o Messrs. Cox and Co., 16, Charing Cross, S.W.1.
• 1912 Boyd-Richardson, Lieutenant S. B., R.N., Wade Court, Havant, Hants.
• 1914 Braislin, Dr. William C., 425 Clinton Avenue, Brooklyn, U.S.A.
• 1906 Brereton, The Rev. William, c/o S.P.G., 15, Tufton Street, Westminster, S.W.1.
• 1893 Brighton Public Library, Royal Pavilion, Church Street, Brighton.
• 1890 British Guiana Royal Agricultural and Commercial Society, Georgetown, Demarara.
• 1847 British Museum, Department of British and MediÆval Antiquities.
• 1847 British Museum, Department of Printed Books.
• 1896 Brock, Henry G., Esq., 1612, Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa., U.S.A.
• 1909 Brooke, John Arthur, Esq., J.P., Fenay Hall, Huddersfield.
• 1899 Brookline Public Library, Boston, Mass., U.S.A.
• 1899 Brooklyn Mercantile Library, 197, Montague Street, Brooklyn, N.Y., U.S.A.
• 1899 Brown, Arthur William Whateley, Esq., 62, Carlisle Mansions, Carlisle Place, Victoria Street, S.W.1.
• 1916 Browne, Prof. Edward G., M.A., M.B., Firwood, Trumpington Road, Cambridge.
• 1896 Buda Pesth, The Geographical Institute of the University of, Hungary.
• 1910 Buenos Aires, Biblioteca Nacional (c/o E. Terquem, 19, Rue Scribe, Paris).
• 1890 Burns, Capt. John William, Leesthorpe Hall, Melton Mowbray.
• 1914 Byers, Gerald, Esq., c/o Messrs. Butterfield and Swire, Shanghai.

• 1913 Cadogan, Lieut.-Commander Francis, R.N., Hatherop Castle, Fairford, Gloucestershire.
• 1903 California, University of, Berkeley, Cal., U.S.A.
• 1847 Cambridge University Library, Cambridge.
• 1911 Canada, Department of the Naval Service, Ottawa.
• 1847 Canada, The Parliament Library, Ottawa.
• 1896 Cardiff Public Library, Trinity Street, Cardiff.
• 1847 Carlisle, Rosalind, Countess of, Castle Howard, York.
• 1847 Carlton Club Library, 94, Pall Mall, S.W.1.
• 1899 Carnegie Library, Pittsburgh, Pa., U.S.A.
• 1914 Casserly, John Bernard, Esq., San Mateo, California, U.S.A.
• 1910 Cattarns, Richard, Esq., 7, Gloucester Terrace, Regent's Park, N.W.1.
• 1899 Chambers, Captain Bertram Mordaunt, R.N., c/o Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph and Co., 43, Charing Cross, S.W.1.
• 1910 Chapelot et Cie., 30, Rue et Passage Dauphine, Paris.
• 1913 Charleston Library, Charleston. U.S.A.
• 1910 Chicago, Geographical Society of, P.O. Box 223, Chicago.
• 1899 Chicago Public Library, Chicago, Ill., U.S.A.
• 1899 Chicago University Library, Chicago, Ill., U.S.A.
• 1896 Christ Church, Oxford.
• 1847 Christiania University Library, Christiania, Norway.
• 1899 Cincinnati Public Library, Ohio, U.S.A.
• 1907 Clark, Arthur H., Esq., Caxton Buildings, Cleveland, Ohio.
• 1913 Clark, James Cooper, Esq., Ladyhill House, Elgin, N.B.
• 1913 Clarke, Sir Rupert, Bart., Clarke Buildings, Bourke Street, Melbourne.
• 1903 Clay, John, Esq., University Press and Burrell's Corner, Cambridge.
• 1917 Clements, R. V., Esq., 3, Chapel Field North, Norwich.
• 1913 Coates, O. R., Esq., British Consulate-General, Shanghai.
• 1847 Colonial Office, The, Downing Street, S.W.1.
• 1899 Columbia University, Library of, New York, U.S.A.
• 1896 Conway, Sir William Martin, Allington Castle, Maidstone, Kent.
• 1903 Cooke, William Charles, Esq., Vailima, Bishopstown, Cork.
• 1847 Copenhagen Royal Library (Det Store Kongelige Bibliothek), Copenhagen.
• 1894 Cora, Professor Guido, M.A., Via Nazionale, 181, Rome.
• 1847 Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, U.S.A.
• 1903 Corney, Bolton Glanvill, Esq., I.S.O., 4 Clarges Street, Piccadilly, W.1.
• 1899 Corning, C. R., Esq., 36 Wall Street, New York.
• 1893 Cow, John, Esq., Elfinsward, Hayward's Heath, Sussex.
• 1902 Cox, Alexander G., Esq., Engineer-in-Chief's Office, Canton-Hankow Railway, Hankow, China.
• 1908 Crewdson, W., Esq., J.P., Southside, St. Leonards-on-Sea.
• 1904 Croydon Public Libraries, Central Library, Town Hall, Croydon.
• 1893 Curzon of Kedleston, The Right Hon. Earl, K.G., G.C.S.I., G.C.I.E., 1, Carlton House Terrace, S.W.1.
• 1911 Cutting, Lady Sybil, c/o the Earl of Desart, 2, Rutland Gardens, S.W.7.

• 1913 Dalgliesh, Percy, Esq., Guatemala, C.A.
• 1847 Dalton, Rev. Canon John Neale, C.V.O., C.M.G., 4, The Cloisters, Windsor.
• 1913 Dames, Mansell Longworth, Esq., Crichmere, Edgeborough Road, Guildford.
• 1899 Dampier, Gerald Robert, Esq., I.C.S., Dehra Dun, N.W.P., India.
• 1847 Danish Royal Navy Library (Marinens Bibliothek), GrÖnningen, Copenhagen, K.
• 1912 Dartmouth College Library, Hanover, N.H., U.S.A.
• 1908 Darwin, Major Leonard, late R.E., 12, Egerton Place, S.W.3.
• 1894 De Bertodano, Baldemero Hyacinth, Esq., Cowbridge House, Malmesbury, Wilts.
• 1911 Delbanco, D., Esq., 9, Mincing Lane, E.C.3.
• 1899 Detroit Public Library, Michigan, U.S.A.
• 1893 Dijon University Library, Rue Monge, Dijon, CÔte d'Or, France.
• 1899 Dresden Geographical Society (Verein fÜr Erdkunde), Kleine BrÜdergasse 21^II, Dresden.
• 1902 Dublin, Trinity College Library.
• 1910 Dunn, J. H., Esq., Coombe Cottage, Kingston Hill, S.W.15.
• 1917 Durban Municipal Library, Natal (Mr. George Reyburn, Librarian).

• 1899 École FranÇaise d'ExtrÊme Orient, Hanoi, Indo Chine FranÇaise.
• 1913 École des Langues Orientales Vivantes, Paris.
• 1905 Edge-Partington, J., Esq., Wyngates, Burke's Rd., Beaconsfield.
• 1892 Edinburgh Public Library, George IV. Bridge, Edinburgh.
• 1847 Edinburgh University Library, Edinburgh.
• 1847 Edwards, Francis, Esq., 83, High Street, Marylebone, W.1.
• 1913 Eliot, Sir Charles, K.C.M.G., C.B., The University, Hong Kong.
• 1906 Enoch Pratt Free Library, Baltimore, Md., U.S.A.
• 1917 Essex Institute, The, Salem, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
• 1917 Evans, J. Fred, Esq., 219K. Street, Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.A.
• 1912 Ewing, Arthur, Esq.

• 1910 Fairbrother, Colonel W.T., C.B., Indian Army, Bareilly, N.P., India.
• 1911 Fayal, The Most Noble the Marquis de, Lisbon.
• 1899 Fellowes AthenÆum, 46, Millmont Street, Boston, Mass., U.S.A.
• 1894 Fisher, Arthur, Esq., The Mazry, Tiverton, Devon.
• 1896 Fitzgerald, Major Edward Arthur, 5th Dragoon Guards.
• 1914 FitzGibbon, F. J., Esq., Casilla 179, Oruro, Bolivia, vi Panama.
• 1847 Foreign Office of Germany (AuswÄrtiges Amt), Wilhelmstrasse, Berlin, W.
• 1893 Forrest, George William, Esq., C.I.E., Rose Bank, Iffley, Oxford.
• 1902 Foster, Francis Apthorp, Esq., Edgartown, Mass., U.S.A.
• 1893 Foster, William, Esq., C.I.E., India Office, S.W.1.

• 1911 Garcia, SeÑor Genaro, Apartado 337, Mexico D.F.
• 1913 Gardner, Harry G., Esq., Hongkong and Shanghai Bank, Hankow, China.
• 1847 George, Charles William, Esq., 51, Hampton Road, Bristol.
• 1901 Gill, William Harrison, Esq., Marunouchi, Tokyo.
• 1847 Glasgow University Library, Glasgow.
• 1913 Glyn, The Hon. Mrs. Maurice, Albury Hall, Much Hadham.
• 1880 Godman, Frederick Du Cane, Esq., D.C.L., F.R.S., 45, Pont Street, S.W.1.
• 1847 GÖttingen University Library, GÖttingen, Germany.
• 1914 Gottschalk, Hon. A. L. M., American Consul-General, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
• 1877 Gray, Albert, Esq., C.B., K.C. (President), Catherine Lodge, Trafalgar Square, Chelsea, S.W.3.
• 1903 Greenlee, William B., Esq., 855, Buena Av., Chicago Ill., U.S.A.
• 1899 Grosvenor Library, Buffalo, N.Y., U.S.A.
• 1847 Guildhall Library, E.C.2.
• 1887 Guillemard, Francis Henry Hill, Esq., M.A., M.D., The Old Mill House, Trumpington, Cambridge.

• 1910 Hackley Public Library, Muskegon, Mich., U.S.A.
• 1847 Hamburg Commerz, Bibliothek, Hamburg, Germany.
• 1901 Hammersmith Public Libraries, Carnegie (Central) Library, Hammersmith, W.6.
• 1898 Hannen, The Hon. Henry Arthur, The Hall, West Farleigh, Kent.
• 1916 Harrington, S. T., Esq., M.A., Methodist College, St. John's, Newfoundland.
• 1906 Harrison, Carter H., Esq., 408 Briar Place, Chicago, U.S.A.
• 1913 Harrison, George L., Esq., 400, Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, U.S.A.
• 1905 Harrison, William P., Esq., c/o The First National Bank, Los Angeles, Cal., U.S.A.
• 1847 Harvard University, Cambridge Mass., U.S.A.
• 1899 Harvie-Brown, John Alexander, Esq., Dunipace, Larbert, Stirlingshire.
• 1913 Hay, E. Alan, Esq., 14 Kensington Court, W.8.
• 1887 Heawood. Edward, Esq., M.A., Church Hill, Merstham, Surrey (Treasurer).
• 1899 Heidelberg University Library, Heidelberg (Koestersche Buchhandlung).
• 1904 Henderson, George, Esq., 13, Palace Court, W.2.
• 1915 Henderson, Capt. R. Ronald, Little Compton Manor, Moreton-in-Marsh.
• 1899 Hiersemann, Herr Karl Wilhelm, KÖnigsstrasse, 3, Leipzig.
• 1917 Hinks, Arthur Robert, Esq., F.R.S., Sec. R.G.S., 17, St. Petersburg Place, W.2.
• 1874 Hippisley, Alfred Edward, Esq., 8, Herbert Crescent, Hans Place, S.W.1.
• 1913 Holman, R. H. Esq., "Wynnstay," Putney Hill, S.W.15.
• 1913 Hong Kong University, c/o Messrs. Longmans & Co., 38, Paternoster Row, E.C.4.
• 1899 Hoover, Herbert Clarke, Esq., The Red House, Hornton Street, Kensington, W.8.
• 1887 Horner, Sir John Francis Fortescue, K.C.V.O., Mells Park, Frome, Somerset.
• 1911 Hoskins, G. H., Esq., c/o G. & C. Hoskins, Wattle Street, Ultimo, Sydney, N.S.W.
• 1915 Howland, S. S., Esq., Ritz Hotel, W.1.
• 1890 Hoyt Public Library, East Saginaw, Mich., U.S.A.
• 1909 Hubbard, H. M., Esq., H6, The Albany, Piccadilly, W.1.
• 1899 HÜgel, Baron Anatole A. A. von, Curator, Museum of ArchÆology and Ethnology, Cambridge.
• 1894 Hull Public Libraries, Baker Street, Hull.
• 1913 Humphreys, John, Esq.
• 1915 Hyde, Charles, Esq., 2 Woodbourne Road, Edgbaston.

• 1912 Illinois, University of, Urbana, Ill., U.S.A.
• 1899 Im Thurn, Sir Everard, K.C.M.G., C.B., 39, Lexham Gardens, W.8.
• 1847 India Office, Downing Street, S.W.1. [8 copies.]
• 1899 Ingle, William Bruncker, Esq., 10 Pond Road, Blackheath, S.E.3.
• 1892 Inner Temple, Hon. Society of the Temple, E.C.4.
• 1916 Ireland, National Library of, Dublin.

• 1899 Jackson, Stewart, Douglas, Esq., 61, St. Vincent Street, Glasgow.
• 1898 James, Arthur Curtiss, Esq., 39, East 69th Street, New York City, U.S.A.
• 1896 James, Walter B., Esq., M.D., 7, East 70th Street, New York City, U.S.A.
• 1912 Jenkins, Captain F. W. R., Apartado 331, Guatemala.
• 1907 Johannesburg Public Library, Johannesburg, South Africa.
• 1847 John Carter Brown Library, 357, Benefit Street, Providence, Rhode Island, U.S.A.
• 1847 John Rylands Library, Deansgate, Manchester.
• 1847 Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md., U.S.A.
• 1910 Jones, L. C. Esq., M.D., Falmouth, Mass., U.S.A.
• 1914 Jones, Livingstone, E., Esq., Germantown, Pa., U.S.A.
• 1913 Jowett, The Rev. Hardy, Ping Kiang, Hunan, China.

• 1903 Kansas University Library, Lawrence, Kans., U.S.A.
• 1917 Kay, Richard, Esq., 1 Brazil Street, Manchester.
• 1887 Keltie, Sir John Scott, LL.D., 1, Kensington Gore, S.W.7.
• 1909 Kesteven, C. H., Esq., 2, Hungerford Street, Calcutta.
• 1899 Kiel, Royal University of, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein.
• 1898 Kinder, Claude William, Esq., C.M.G., "Bracken," Churt, Nr. Farnham, Surrey.
• 1890 King's Inns, The Hon. Society of the, Henrietta Street, Dublin.
• 1899 Kitching, John, Esq., Oaklands, Queen's Road, Kingston Hill, S.W.15.
• 1912 Koebel, W. H., Esq., Author's Club, 2, Whitehall Court, S.W.1.
• 1913 Koloniaal Instituut, Amsterdam.
• 1910 Koninklijk Instituut voor de Taal Land en Volkenkunde van Nederlandsch Indie. The Hague.

• 1899 Langton. J. J. P., Esq., 802, Spruce Street, St. Louis, Mo., U.S.A.
• 1899 Larchmont Yacht Club, Larchmont, N.Y., U.S.A.
• 1913 Laufer, Berthold, Esq., Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago.
• 1899 Leeds Library, 18, Commercial Street, Leeds.
• 1899 Lehigh University, South Bethlehem, Pa., U.S.A.
• 1893 Leipzig, Library of the University of Leipzig.
• 1912 Leland Stanford Junior University, Library of, Stanford University, Cal., U.S.A.
• 1912 Lind, Walter, Esq., 1° Calle, Guatemala, C.A.
• 1847 Liverpool Free Public Library, William Brown Street, Liverpool.
• 1896 Liverpool Geographical Society, 14, Hargreaves Buildings, Chapel Street, Liverpool.
• 1899 Liverpool, University of Liverpool.
• 1911 Loder, Gerald W. E., Esq., F.S.A., Wakehurst Place, Ardingly, Sussex.
• 1899 Loescher, Messrs. J., and Co., Via Due Macelli, 88, Rome.
• 1847 London Institution, 11, Finsbury Circus, E.C.2.
• 1847 London Library, 12, St. James's Square, S.W.1.
• 1899 London University, South Kensington, S.W.7.
• 1895 Long Island Historical Society, Pierrepont Street, Brooklyn, N.Y., U.S.A.
• 1899 Los Angeles Public Library, Los Angeles, Cal., U.S.A.
• 1899 Lowrey, Joseph, Esq., The Hermitage, Loughton, Essex.
• 1912 Luard, Major Charles Eckford, M.A., D.S.O., Indore, Central India.
• 1880 Lucas, Sir Charles Prestwood, K.C.B., K.C.M.G., 65, St. George's Square, S.W.1.
• 1895 Lucas, Frederic Wm., Esq., 21, Surrey Street, Strand, W.C.2.
• 1912 Lukach, H. C., Esq., M.A., Government House, Cyprus.
• 1898 Lydenberg, H. M., Esq., New York Public Library, Fifth Avenue and Forty-second Street, New York City, U.S.A.
• 1880 Lyons University Library, Lyon, France.
• 1899 Lyttleton-Annesley, Lieut.-General Sir Arthur Lyttelton, K.C.V.O., Templemere, Oatlands Park, Weybridge.

• 1899 Macrae, Charles Colin, Esq., 50 Holland Street, W.8.
• 1908 Maggs Brothers, Messrs., 109, Strand, W.C.2.
• 1847 Manchester Public Free Libraries, King Street, Manchester.
• 1916 Manchester University (c/o J. E. Cornish, St. Ann's Square).
• 1899 Manierre, George, Esq., 112w, Adams Street, Chicago, Ill., U.S.A.
• 1880 Markham, Admiral Sir Albert Hastings, K.C.B., 19, Queen's Gate Place, S.W.7.
• 1892 Marquand, Henry, Esq., Whitegates Farm, Bedford, New York, U.S.A.
• 1899 Martelli, Ernest Wynne, Esq., 4, New Square, Lincoln's Inn, W.C.2.
• 1847 Massachusetts Historical Society, 1154, Boylston Street, Boston, Mass., U.S.A.
• 1905 Maudslay, Alfred Percival, Esq., Morney Cross, Hereford.
• 1899 McClurg, Messrs. A. C., & Co., 215-221, Wabash Avenue, Chicago, Ill., U.S.A.
• 1914 Means, Philip A., Esq., 196, Beacon Street, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
• 1913 Mensing, A. W. M., Esq., (Frederik Muller and Co.), Amsterdam.
• 1901 Merriman, J. A., Esq., c/o T. M. Merriman, Esq., 96, Finchley Road, Hampstead, N.W.3.
• 1911 Messer, Allan E., Esq., 2, Lyall Street, Belgrave Square, S.W.1.
• 1913 Meyendorff, Baron de, Ambassade de Russie, Madrid.
• 1893 Michigan, University of, Ann Arbor, Mich., U.S.A.
• 1899 Middletown, Conn., Wesleyan University Library, U.S.A.
• 1904 Mikkelsen, Michael A., Esq., 610, South Fifth Avenue, Mt. Vernon, New York.
• 1847 Mills, Colonel Dudley Acland, R.E., Droaks, Beaulieu, Hants.
• 1912 Milward, Graham, Esq., 77, Colmore Row, Birmingham.
• 1896 Milwaukee Public Library, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, U.S.A.
• 1895 Minneapolis AthenÆum, Minneapolis, Minn., U.S.A.
• 1899 Minnesota Historical Society, St. Paul, Minnesota, U.S.A.
• 1899 Mitchell Library, 21, Miller Street, Glasgow.
• 1899 Mitchell, Wm., Esq., 14, Forbesfield Road, Aberdeen.
• 1902 Mombasa Club Library, Mombasa, c/o Messrs. Richardson & Co., 26, King Street, St. James', S.W.1.
• 1899 Monson, The Right Hon. Lord, C.V.O., Burton Hall, Lincoln.
• 1901 Moreno, Dr. Francisco J., La Plata Museum, La Plata, Argentine Republic.
• 1893 Morris, Henry Cecil Low, Esq., M.D., The Steyne, Bognor, Sussex.
• 1899 Morrison, George Ernest, Esq., M.D., H.B.M. Legation, Peking.
• 1899 Morrisson, James W., Esq., 200-206, Randolph Street, Chicago, Ill., U.S.A.
• 1895 Moxon, Alfred Edward, Esq., The Hazells, Spencer Road, New Milton, Hants.
• 1899 Mukhopadhyay, Hon. Sir Asutosh, Kt., C.S.I., D.Sc., LL.D., 77, Russa Road North, Bhowanipur, Calcutta.
• 1847 Munich Royal Library (Kgl. Hof u. Staats-Bibliothek), Munich, Germany.

• 1913 Natal Society's Library, Pietermaritzburg, S. Africa.
• 1899 Nathan, Lt.-Col. Sir Matthew, G.C.M.G., R.E., The Albany, W.1.
• 1894 Naval and Military Club, 94, Piccadilly, W.1.
• 1909 Nebraska University Library, Lincoln, Nebraska, U.S.A.
• 1913 Needham, J. E., Esq., Bombay Club, Bombay.
• 1880 Netherlands, Royal Geographical Society of the (Koninklijk Nederlandsch Aardrijkskundig Genootschap), Singel 421, Amsterdam.
• 1899 Netherlands, Royal Library of the, The Hague.
• 1847 Newberry Library, The, Chicago, Ill., U.S.A.
• 1847 Newcastle-upon-Tyne Literary and Philosophical Society, Westgate Road, Newcastle-on-Tyne.
• 1899 Newcastle-upon-Tyne Public Library, New Bridge Street, Newcastle-on-Tyne.
• 1899 New South Wales, Public Library of, Sydney, N.S.W.
• 1899 New York Athletic Club, Central Park, South, New York City, U.S.A.
• 1895 New York Public Library, 40, Lafayette Place, New York City, U.S.A.
• 1847 New York State Library, Albany, New York, U.S.A.
• 1894 New York Yacht Club, 37 West 44 Street, New York City, U.S.A.
• 1897 New Zealand, The High Commissioner for, 13, Victoria Street, S.W.1.
• 1917 Nicoll, Lieut., C. L. J., Royal Indian Marine, c/o Director R.I.M., Bombay.
• 1911 Nijhoff, Martinus, The Hague, Holland.
• 1896 North Adams Public Library, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
• 1893 Northcliffe, The Right Hon. Lord, Elmwood, St. Peter's, Thanet.
• 1917 Northwestern University Library, Evanston, Illinois, U.S.A.
• 1899 Nottingham Public Library, Sherwood Street, Nottingham.

• 1916 Ober, John Hambleton, Esq., Charles and Saratoga Streets, Baltimore Ind., U.S.A.
• 1890 Oriental Club, 18, Hanover Square, W.1.
• 1902 Otani, Kozui, Esq., Nishi Honganji, Horikawa, Kyoto, Japan.
• 1899 Oxford and Cambridge Club, 71, Pall Mall, S.W.1.
• 1847 Oxford Union Society, Oxford.

• 1911 Pan-American Union, Washington, D.C., U.S.A.
• 1847 Paris, BibliothÈque Nationale, Rue de Richelieu, Paris.
• 1847 Paris, Institut de France, Quai de Conti 23, Paris.
• 1899 Parlett, Harold George, Esq., H.B.M. Consulate, Dairen, Japan.
• 1880 Peabody Institute, Baltimore, Md., U.S.A.
• 1847 Peckover of Wisbech, The Right Hon. Lord, Bank House, Wisbech (Vice-President).
• 1893 Peek, Sir Wilfred, Bart., c/o Mr. Grover, Rousdon, Lyme Regis.
• 1904 Peirce, Harold, Esq., 222, Drexel Building, Philadelphia, Pa., U.S.A.
• 1911 Penrose, R. A. F., Esq., Bullitt Buildings, Philadelphia, U.S.A.
• 1899 Pequot Library, Southport, Conn., U.S.A.
• 1913 Petersen, V., Esq., Chinese Telegraph Administration, Peking, China.
• 1880 Petherick, Edward Augustus, Esq., Commonwealth Library, Melbourne, Australia.
• 1895 Philadelphia Free Library, Pa., U.S.A.
• 1899 Philadelphia, Library Company of, N.W. corner Juniper & Locust Streets, Philadelphia, Pa., U.S.A.
• 1899 Philadelphia, Union League Club, 8, Broad Street, Philadelphia, Pa., U.S.A.
• 1899 Philadelphia, University Club, 1510, Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa., U.S.A.
• 1909 Plymouth, Officers' Library, Royal Marine Barracks.
• 1899 Plymouth Proprietary and Cottonian Library, Cornwall Street, Plymouth.
• 1899 Portico Library, 57, Mosley Street, Manchester.
• 1917 Powell, J. W. D., Esq., Lieut. R.N.R., H.M.S. "Irene Wray," Naval Base, Lowestoft.
• 1916 Princeton University Library, Princeton (N.J.), U.S.A.
• 1912 Provincial Library of British Columbia, Victoria, British Columbia.
• 1911 Pykett, The Rev. G. F., Anglo-Chinese School, Methodist Epis. Mission, Penang.

• 1894 Quaritch, Bernard, Esq., 11, Grafton Street, New Bond Street, W.1. (12 copies).
• 1913 Queen's University, The, Kingston, Ontario, Cana da.
• 1913 Quincey, Edmund de Q., Esq., Oakwood, Chislehurst.

• 1890 Raffles Museum and Library, Singapore.
• 1914 Rawson Lieut. G., Royal Indian Marine, Bombay.
• 1847 Reform Club, 104, Pall Mall, S.W.1.
• 1895 Rhodes, Josiah, Esq., The Elms, Lytham, Lancashire.
• 1907 Ricketts, D. P., Esq., Imperial Chinese Railways, Tientsin, China.
• 1882 Riggs, T. L., Esq., 1311, Mass. Avenue, Washington, D.C., U.S.A.
• 1911 Rio de Janeiro, Archivo Publico Nacional, Sa da Republica, No. 26.
• 1917 Robertson, Wheatley B., Esq., c/o Messrs. Thos. Cook & Sons, Rangoon, Burma.
• 1917 Rodger, A., Esq., F.L.S., Rossendale, Maymyo, Burma.
• 1906 Rotterdamsch Leeskabinet, Rotterdam.
• 1917 Routledge, W. S., Esq., 9 Cadogan Mansions, Sloane Square, S.W.1.
• 1911 Royal Anthropological Institute, 50, Great Russell Street, W.C.1.
• 1847 Royal Colonial Institute, Northumberland Avenue, W.C.2.
• 1896 Royal Cruising Club, 1, New Square, Lincoln's Inn, W.C.1.
• 1847 Royal Engineers' Institute, Chatham.
• 1847 Royal Geographical Society, Kensington Gore, S.W.7.
• 1890 Royal Scottish Geographical Society, Synod Hall, Castle Terrace, Edinburgh.
• 1897 Royal Societies Club, 63, St. James's Street, S.W.1.
• 1847 Royal United Service Institution, Whitehall, S.W.1.
• 1899 Runciman, The Right Hon. Walter, M.P., Doxford, Chathill, Northumberland.
• 1904 Ruxton, Captain Upton Fitz Herbert, Little Drove House, Singleton, Sussex.
• 1900 Ryley, John Horton, Esq., 8, Rue d'Auteuil, Paris.

• 1915 San Antonio, Scientific Society of, 1 and 3, Stevens Buildings, San Antonio, Texas, U.S.A.
• 1899 St. Andrews University, St. Andrews.
• 1899 St. Deiniol's Library, Hawarden, Flintshire, N. Wales.
• 1890 St. Louis Mercantile Library, St. Louis, Mo., U.S.A.
• 1899 St. Martin-in-the-Fields Free Public Library, 115, St. Martin's Lane, W.C.2.
• 1847 St. Petersburg University Library, St. Petersburg.
• 1894 St. Wladimir University, Kiew, Russia.
• 1911 Saise, Walter, Esq., D.Sc., M. Inst. C.E., Stapleton, Bristol.
• 1913 Salby, George, Esq., 65, Great Russell Street, W.C.1. [2 copies.]
• 1899 San Francisco Public Library, San Francisco, Cal., U.S.A.
• 1899 Sclater, Dr. William Lutley, 10, Sloane Court, S.W.1.
• 1899 Seattle Public Library, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A.
• 1894 Seymour, Admiral of the Fleet the Right Hon. Sir Edward Hobart, G.C.B., O.M., G.C.V.O., LL.D., Queen Anne's Mansions, St. James's Park, S.W.1. (Vice-President).
• 1898 Sheffield Free Public Libraries, Surrey Street, Sheffield.
• 1914 Sheppard, S. T., Esq., Byculla Club, Bombay, No. 8.
• 1847 Signet Library, 11, Parliament Square, Edinburgh.
• 1890 Sinclair, Mrs. William Frederic, 102, Cheyne Walk, Chelsea, S.W.10.
• 1910 Skimming, E. H. B., Esq., 6, Cleveland Terrace, W.2.
• 1913 Skinner, Major R. M., R.A.M. Corps, c/o Messrs. Holt and Co., 3, Whitehall Place, S.W.1.
• 1912 Skipper, Mervyn G., Esq., care of Eastern Extensions Tel. Co., Electra House, Finsbury Pavement, E.C.2.
• 1904 Smith, John Langford, Esq., H. B. M. Consular Service, China, c/o E. Greenwood, Esq., Frith Knowl, Elstree.
• 1906 Smith, J. de Berniere, Esq., 4, Gloucester Terrace, Regent's Park, N.W.1.
• 1917 Smith, Miss D. Lawrence, 31, Portman Square, W.1.
• 1913 Smith, The Right Hon. James Parker, Linburn, Kirknewton, Midlothian.
• 1899 SocietÁ Geografica Italiana, Via del Plebiscito 102, Rome.
• 1847 SociÉtÉ de GÉographie, Boulevard St. Germain, 184, Paris.
• 1899 South African Public Library, Queen Victoria Street, Cape Town, South Africa.
• 1904 Stanton, John, Esq., High Street, Chorley, Lancashire.
• 1916 Stein, Sir Aurel, K.C.I.E., D.Sc., D.Litt., Stein Collection, British Museum, W.C.1.
• 1912 Stein, Herr Johann. K. Ungar, UniversitÄts-Buchhandlung, Kolozsvar, Hungary.
• 1847 Stevens, Son, and Stiles, Messrs. Henry, 39, Great Russell Street, W.C.1.
• 1847 Stockholm, Royal Library of (Kungl, Biblioteket), Sweden.
• 1895 Stockton Public Library, Stockton, Cal., U.S.A.
• 1905 Storer, Albert H., Esq., Ridgefield, Ct., U.S.A.
• 1890 Strachey, Lady, 6 Belsize Park Gardens, N.W.3.
• 1904 Suarez, Colonel Don Pedro (Bolivian Legation), Santa Cruz, 74, Compayne Gardens, N.W.6.
• 1909 Swan, J. D. C., Dr., c/o Messrs. Holt & Co., 3, Whitehall Place, S.W.1.
• 1908 Sydney, University of, New South Wales.
• 1899 Sykes, Brigadier General, Sir Percy Molesworth, K.C.I.E., C.M.G., Broadway.
• 1916 Soutter, Lieut.-Commander James J., H.M.S. Malaya, c/o G.P.O.

• 1914 Taylor, Frederic W., Esq., 1529, Niagara Street, Denver, Colorado, U.S.A.
• 1917 Taylour, Charles, Esq., Belmont Road, Sharples, Lancs.
• 1910 Teleki, Count Paul, Joszef-tÉr., 7, Budapest V.
• 1899 Temple, Lieut.-Col, Sir Richard Carnac, Bart., C.B., C.I.E., The Nash, nr. Worcester.
• 1916 Thompson, Lieut. H. H., R.N.V.R., R. N. Airship Station, Anglesey.
• 1894 Thomson, Basil Home, Esq., C.B., 81, Victoria Road, Kensington, W.8.
• 1906 Thomson, Colonel Charles FitzGerald, late 7th Hussars, Kilkenny House, Sion Hill, Bath.
• 1915 Thorne, J. A., Esq., I.C.S., Calicut, Malabar, India.
• 1904 Todd, Commander George James, R.N., The Manse, Kingsbarns, Fife.
• 1896 Toronto Public Library, Toronto, Ont., Canada.
• 1890 Toronto University, Toronto, Ont., Canada.
• 1911 Tower, Sir Reginald, K.C.M.G., C.V.O., British Legation, Buenos Aires.
• 1847 Travellers' Club, 106, Pall Mall, S.W.1.
• 1899 Trinder, Arnold, Esq., River House, Walton-on-Thames.
• 1913 Trinder, W. H., Esq., The Old Vicarage, Kingswood, Surrey.
• 1847 Trinity College, Cambridge.
• 1847 Trinity House, The Hon. Corporation of, Tower Hill, E.C.3.
• 1911 Tuckerman, Paul, Esq., 59, Wall Street, New York, U.S.A.
• 1916 Tufts College Library, Tufts College, Mass., U.S.A.
• 1890 Turnbull, Alexander H., Esq., Elibank, Wellington, New Zealand.
• 1902 Tweedy, Arthur H., Esq., Widmore Lodge, Widmore, Bromley, Kent.

• 1847 United States Congress, Library of, Washington, D.C., U.S.A.
• 1899 United States National Museum (Library of), Washington, D.C., U.S.A.
• 1847 United States Naval Academy Library, Annapolis, Md., U.S.A.
• 1916 University Club Library, Fifth Avenue and 54th Street, New York, U.S.A.
• 1847 Upsala University Library, Upsala, Sweden (c/o Simpkin, Marsh

  [1] These departures are not mentioned in the text of the chapter.

[2] The manuscript in Mr. Prescott's hands appears to have had on the cover the name of Dr. Sarmiento, President of the Council of the Indies, to whom it was addressed. Mr. Prescott supposed that he was the author, and always quotes the manuscript as by Sarmiento.

[3] Pizarro had encomiendas in places called Atabillos and Huaylas, and it has been said that he was Marquis of Atabillos, but this is a mistake. An elaborate coat of arms was granted to him, but no territorial title was ever attached to his Marquisate during his lifetime. He was simply the Marquis Pizarro. His great grandson was created Marquis de la Conquista. See also my note on page xxxviii.

[4] In my note to the "Life and Arts of Don Alonso CurÍguez de GuzmÁn" I was misled, by Mr. Prescott's statement that it was not specified how the line was to be measured, into an error. It was clearly specified that the line was to be measured on a meridian and not along the coast.

[5] This was done owing to the representations of royal officials who had been appointed to the province of New Toledo. After the time of Vaca de Castro, there was no more heard of New Toledo. The Viceroys were appointed to govern the whole of Peru.

[6] A lame excuse was invented afterwards that Hernando Pizarro, during the truce, had broken down the bridges over the Huatanay, the river that flows through Cuzco. This was false. He had broken down one bridge, for military reasons, before the truce.

[7] In his "War of Las Salinas."

[8] Hernando Pizarro was in prison in the castle of Medina del Campo for twenty-three years, a terrible fate for so active minded a man. His detention, however, was not close or severe. When the daughter of the Marquis Pizarro, by an Inca Princess, arrived in Spain under the care of her step-father Francisco de Ampuero, she was married to her uncle Hernando in prison. At length the old warrior was released, having outlived all his enemies. He went to Truxillo, where he had property, and lived there to a great age. Hernando Pizarro had children, and the marquisate was revived for his grandson, with the additional title "de la Conquista." The new Marquis was a great-grandson of the Marquis Pizarro and also of the Inca Huayna Capac.

[9] Saavedra, Sotelo, and Chaves (the bad one of the two).

[10] GÓmez de Alvarado.

[11] Except F. de Chaves (the bad one), who soon afterwards was put to death by Herrada.

[12] Now La Paz, in Bolivia.

[13] Haca or Jaca is a pony or hack, but the word seems to have been used also for what was put on a pony—a cushion or pillow.

[14] Guamanga.

[15] Aldana had been sent by Pizarro as governor of Quito, Popayan, and Cali, in the absence of Belalcazar, who had gone to Spain.

[16] Santa Ana de los Caballeros.

[17] 1539?

[18] In the volume on the War of Las Salinas.

[19] Andagoya had heard of the disasters in the PopayÁn province, described further on. He was right to go to the rescue, but not to assume the government. The boundaries of his own province of San Juan were not fixed.

[20] The author was with Vadillo in his march.

[21] The Atrato.

[22] Curassows.

[23] He was hanged by BelalcÁzar on the pretence that he had usurped that governor's territory, and his body was eaten by the Pozos. For this murder BelalcÁzar was condemned to death by the Juez de residencia. BelalcÁzar appealed, and was on his way to Spain when he died at Cartagena.

[24] That is, New Granada.

[25] So in the MS.

[26] There were two captains of the name Francisco de Chaves, believed to be cousins. They should not be confused together. One was a very distinguished officer, a friend of the Marquis Pizarro but not ignoring his faults. He was murdered by Juan de Herrada and the other assassins of Pizarro. The other was one of Almagro's captains, also murdered by Juan de Herrada on account of a private quarrel. For distinction I call one Francisco de Chaves (the good) and the other Francisco de Chaves (the bad).

[27] i.e. the partisans of old Diego de Almagro, deceased.

[28] The Marquis had received young Diego Almagro most hospitably in his own house, where he was lodged as a guest for months. His conduct must have been very disreputable, to have made the Marquis send him away to the care of Francisco de Chaves. Cieza de LeÓn says that he was addicted to the vices of his countrymen.

[29] IllÁn and Benito SuÁrez de Caravajal were brothers.

[30] Chachapoyas.

[31] On his way to Spain to solicit the governorship of PopayÁn, and other parts he had explored.

[32] There is no mention of this expedition led by Pineda, in the account given by Garcilaso de la Vega.

[33] Garcilaso gives the number at 340—cavalry 150, the rest infantry.

[34] Garcilaso gives 4,000 Indians laden with supplies, and materials for buildings, bridges, or vessels, 4,000 head of swine, and a flock of llamas.

[35] True, but it does not follow that no others could.

[36] Garcilaso calls it Sumaco, but Herrera has Zumaque.

[37] Garcilaso describes this tree as very tall with leaves like a laurel, the fruit growing in clusters, and resembling an acorn. Herrera describes it as like an olive with large pods, the tree attaining a height of thirty feet.

[38] The Sweet Sea (Mar Dulce) was another name for the MaraÑÓn. The "arm" was the river Napo.

[39] The Coca, principal tributary of the Napo.

[40] Mar dulce, the MaraÑÓn.

[41] Thus was the mighty river Amazon discovered by this inhuman traitor.

[42] Jatropha manihot, an edible root.

[43] Shoes or sandals used by the Basques, made of grass.

[44] Garcilaso omits all mention of this detached expedition of Pineda but Herrera gives a brief account of it.

[45] Almagro's son.

[46] Others say a cap with a gold medal having a silver fig embossed upon it, and a motto—"For the men of Chile."

[47] This should be Alonso de PeÑa, brother-in-law of Pascual de Andagoya. When Andagoya left PanamÁ to take possession of his government, he sent PeÑa to Santo Domingo, to collect more troops, horses, and stores. See my translation of Andagoya's narrative, Introduction, p. xxvi (Hakluyt Society's vol. 34, for 1865).

[48] Buenaventura, the port of Cali, was founded by Juan Ladrillo, under orders from the Adelantado Pascual de Andagoya, who had received the government of the coast thence to PanamÁ. The municipality of Cali ordered that six or seven settlers should reside there to arrange for the landing of merchandize and its transmission across the mountains to Cali. The pilots with Vaca de Castro certainly showed great want of intelligence in not being able to find it (see Cieza de LeÓn , p. 105, Hakluyt Society's vol. 33, for 1864)

[49] The Marquis Pizarro's secretary.

[50] Son of the Adelantado Don Diego de Almagro, usually known as "El mozo" (the lad). He was a half-caste, by an Indian woman of PanamÁ.

[51] Juan de Herrada was an able soldier, a servant of the old Almagro, and devoted to the interests of his son.

[52] At the expiration of the term of all Spanish governors and judges a "Juez de Residencia" was appointed to examine into their conduct, and receive complaints and representations from those whom they had governed or judged. This was called a residencia. SolÓrzano points out many evils in the working of the system (PolÍtica Indiana, Lib. v, cap. 10, pp. 836-849). Vaca de Castro, however, was not sent out with powers to terminate the rule of the Marquis. He was to receive evidence, and report to the Home Government. If the Marquis was dead when Vaca de Castro arrived, then the latter was to succeed as Governor.

[53] So that the statement that they were starving appears false.

[54] This very interesting interview between the Marquis Pizarro and his murderer is also given by Zarate and GÓmara. Garcilaso de la Vega copied from them. Prescott does not mention it; but Sir Arthur Helps (iv, 136-137) gives a full account of this extraordinary conversation. It is certainly worth preserving. Pizarro must have repeated it to his friend the Bishop elect of Quito, immediately after it took place, and the Bishop was one of Cieza de LeÓn's most valued authorities.

[55] Prescott concurs in thus fixing the blame for the death of Almagro. Sir Arthur Helps does not. The evidence of the Bishop of Quito, who was with the Governor, is conclusive that Pizarro had no knowledge of the intention of his brother to put Almagro to death, until he reached Abancay, when it was too late.

My own conviction is that Hernando Pizarro had no such intention, but that he was going to deliver Almagro to his old friend Don Francisco Pizarro, to deal with him as he thought best. But when he discovered the dangerous plot to assassinate himself and liberate Almagro, he was convinced of the necessity of passing the death sentence on the old Adelantado. He had no doubt whatever of its justice. It was quite in keeping with Hernando's stern and self-reliant character that he should take the responsibility solely on himself. He knew that his brother would not consent, yet he believed that it was a political necessity. Don Francisco Pizarro must thus be entirely exonerated from any responsibility for the execution of Almagro, whatever Cieza de LeÓn may assert on evidence derived from unauthentic gossip. The Bishop of Quito completely refutes him.

[56] Or, according to another account—"That is not business for a boy."

[57] Of these murderers Juan de Herrada died a natural death. MartÍn de Bilbao and JerÓnimo de Almagro were killed at the battle of Chupas. Arbolancha (the murderer of Chaves), BarragÁn, Cabezas, GÓmez, GuzmÁn, Hoces, Losa, were hanged; NarvÁez was killed by Pizarro. MÉndez escaped to the Inca and murdered him, finally getting his deserts. The fate of the others is unknown.

Both Prescott and Helps repeat a story told by Montesinos that one of the conspirators, when they were rushing across the plaza, ran round a pool of water instead of going through it, to avoid getting wet. Herrada told him, as he was so particular, he must go back. Montesinos is a late and not at all a reliable authority, and the story need not be believed. It never rains, and there never are pools of water in the plaza of Lima. The name of GÓmez PÉrez is given, one of the villains who murdered the Inca Manco and got their deserts.

It is to be observed that none of Almagro's old captains had anything to do with the murder, except perhaps Chaves, although they were violently antagonistic to the Marquis and were in Lima. They were not murderers. Only one threw in his lot with young Almagro.

[58] Hanged.

[59] No relation to the other Alvarados.

[60] Deserted at Chupas.

[61] Come to pay their respects after mass. It was Sunday.

[62] Five good men and true.

[63] Fifteen cowards.

[64] These gallant boys deserve more than a passing notice. Young Vargas, son of GÓmez de Tordoza, and cousin of Garcilaso de la Vega, was of the noblest blood of Castille. One ancestor rode by the side of St. Ferdinand at the taking of Seville, another sacrificed his life to save his king at Aljubarrota, another defeated the gigantic Moor in the famous duel on the Vega of Granada. The heroic page of Pizarro was worthy of such ancestry.

Cardona sprung from equally heroic stems. He was connected with the CÓrdovas, Dukes of Sesa, the family of the Gran CapitÁn.

[65] Herrera and others tell a story that Juan RodrÍguez BarragÁn hit the Marquis a blow with a silver jug full of water when he was on the ground, which killed him. Prescott repeats this in a footnote, calling BarragÁn "a soldier named Borregan." Helps writes: "Some base fellow dashed a jug upon his prostrate face."

Juan Rodriguez BarragÁn was not a soldier, but one of the lawyers in Almagro's pay. He was Almagro's procurator at the Judge Arbitrator's court when he pronounced the sentence at Mala, and BarragÁn raised a protest. His son was certainly one of the murderers, but the story of the jug is probably an invention. The son was hanged after the battle of Chupas. The word barragÁn means a youth, same as mancebo. Originally from Navarre, a branch of the family settled at Baeza in Andalusia, whose arms were or, a tree vert, at its stem a dead knight and two ravens sable, wings raised.

[66] The Marquis Pizarro had by the Princess Inez Huayllas, daughter of the great Inca Huayna Capac, two children, who are mentioned in his will as legitimate, Gonzalo, who died in the flower of his youth, and Francisca, who went to Spain, years after her father's death, in charge of her step-father Don Francisco de Ampuero. She was married to her uncle, Hernando, when he was still a prisoner at Medina del Campo. By him she had three sons and a daughter. Hernando Pizarro was released after twenty-three years of captivity, and lived for nineteen years afterwards in his native town of Truxillo. His great grandson[68] was created Marquis of the Conquest. The Marquis Pizarro also had a son named Francisco, by the Princess Anas (Angelina), sister of Atahualpa, who was a school-fellow of the Inca Garcilaso de la Vega at Cuzco. He died young and unmarried.

[67] Cieza de LeÓn omits Juan OrtÍz de ZÁrate who defended the door at first, and was badly wounded, as he had just related. Torre and Vergara were much alarmed, but had remained in the sala. Hurtado was the servant wounded in the court-yard.

---

[68]

---

[69] A very faithful attendant of the Marquis. He was with Pizarro at Cajamarca, and was one of the twelve who rode with him to Mala. He avenged his master's murder at the battle of Chupas.

[70] One of Cieza de LeÓn's authorities. They were natives of the same town.

[71] After the murderers had departed from Lima, the body was placed in a coffin, and deposited in the sacristy of the old church (called "Los Naranjos") until the cathedral was completed. In 1607 the bodies of the Marquis Pizarro and of the Viceroy Don Antonio de Mendoza were, by order of the king, placed under a vault behind the high altar of the cathedral. The coffin of the Marquis was covered with purple velvet embroidered in gold.

On June 28th, 1891, the Municipality of Lima erected a new tomb. The body is in a coffin with glass sides, and surmounted by a cross. On the pedestal there is the following inscription:

Captain General
Don Francisco Pizarro
Founder of Lima
on the 18^th of January 1535
died 28^th of June 1541

---

His remains were deposited in this urn
on the 29^th of June 1891
by order of the Provincial Council of Lima
and through the initiative of
the Alcalde Dr. Juan de Roverech

[72] That is, he was with Pizarro at Cajamarca, where he received 181 marcs of silver, and 3884 pesos of gold from Atahualpa's ransom. He settled at Cuzco.

[73] One of Almagro's old captains.

[74] The bad one.

[75] Cieza de LeÓn always calls the half-caste son of the Adelantado Don Diego de Almagro by the name 'Don Diego.' Others call him Almagro the lad (el mozo). He was born at PanamÁ, the son of Almagro by an Indian woman of PanamÁ who was his servant, and called Ana MartÍnez. He was probably born in 1518. Francisco MartÍn de AlcÁntara, the half brother of the Marquis, brought the half-caste boy to Peru in 1535, when his age was seventeen, and treated him as one of his family, in his house at Lima. Later he was sent to Cuzco to meet his father returning from Chile. He was with his father until the battle of Las Salinas. It was then decided to send him to Lima under the care of GÓmez de Alvarado and Juan de Herrada. At Jauja they met the Marquis Pizarro, who treated the lad as his own son, and ordered him to be well cared for, and lodged in his house. This continued for a long time. But such crowds of discontented Almagrists were always coming there, that at last the Marquis sent the lad to another lodging in Lima.

[76] Juan Diente was in the conspiracy, though not one of the actual murderers. For this he was hanged at Guamanga, after the battle of Chupas. He ought to have been let off in consideration of his fine pedestrianism!

[77] Yana-cuna would mean "servants." Cuna is the plural particle. There is no such word as anacona. It should be yana (without the cuna).

[78] In the Chachapoyas province.

[79] We are not told whether GÓmez de Tordoya then heard of the heroic death of his young son, who was Pizarro's page.

[80] La Paz.

[81] See Hakluyt Society's vol., Series II, vol. xxviii, p. 159, for the expedition of the Bishop of Plasencia. It consisted of three small vessels commanded by Don Alonso de Camargo, and left Spain in August 1539. Camargo lost his own ship at the entrance of the first Narrows, in the Strait of Magellan. The second ship returned. Camargo went on in the third ship. He reached Valparaiso, put in at Quilca, the port of Arequipa, and finally reached Callao, the first ship that ever gained the west coast of South America by the Strait. Camargo settled at La Plata (Chuquisaca) and was put to death by Carbajal.

[82] SebastiÁn de BelalcÁzar, after exploring PopayÁn and Cali, and founding the cities, had gone to Spain to obtain a grant as Governor. Pascual de Andagoya, an original citizen of PanamÁ, was in Spain in 1538, and received a grant on the Pacific coast from the Gulf of San Miguel to the river San Juan, with the title of Adelantado. He landed at Buenaventura and marched to Cali and PopayÁn. These cities were not in his jurisdiction, but he was justified in going there, in the absence of BelalcÁzar, owing to the disturbed state of the country. Meanwhile BelalcÁzar had obtained the governorship he sought, with the title of Adelantado. On finding Andagoya at PopayÁn, he had thrown him into prison.

[83] BelalcÁzar at last allowed Andagoya to proceed to Buenaventura, with his brother-in-law Alonso de PeÑa, where they embarked for PanamÁ. Andagoya proceeded to Spain, having lost his government and 70,000 castellanos de Oro (over £140,000 of our money). In 1546 he again went out with Pedro de la Gasca, was at the battle of Sacsahuana, and died at Cuzco in 1548. See the Narrative of Pascual de Andagoya (Hakluyt Society's vol. 34 for 1865).

[84] They seem to have been landed at Payta, near which port they had an interview with Vaca de Castro.

[85] Sic—a mistake for Garcilaso.

[86] Brother of Pedro Anzures.

[87] The captain of the ship that arrived from Spain. See p. 137.

[88] The Quichua tribe which inhabited the Jauja province.

[89] Of Magellan.

[90] I.e., the tropics.

[91] Actual murderers of the Marquis.

[92] Accomplices who waited outside.

[93] "Muy lucidos." It is to be feared that the prejudices of Cieza de LeÓn were very strong.

[94] Two old captains who served under the elder Almagro.

[95] They had already murdered his son, the gallant boy who defended the Marquis.

[96] Other authorities called him Rada, and they were followed by Prescott and Helps. Cieza de LeÓn is right. The name was Herrada. I am unable to concur in Mr. Prescott's estimate of the character of this man. I cannot find any authority for that historian's statement that Herrada was of good family, and he certainly had no experience in high military commands.

Herrada came to Peru with Pedro de Alvarado as a common soldier of mature years. Deserting Alvarado he entered the service of the elder Almagro, remained with him until his death, and then attended his young half-caste son to Lima, obtaining unbounded influence over him. He originated the plot for the murder of Pizarro, and was the ringleader in that atrocious crime. None of Almagro's old captains, except Chaves, and no man of honour, would have anything to do with it. Herrada had force of character, but neither prudence nor ability. By inducing young Almagro to make him his General above the heads of better men, he affronted and estranged the old captains and friends of the young half-caste's late father. His murders of Pizarro's secretary, of Francisco de Chaves and others, were acts of folly which no able conspirator would have perpetrated. The murder of Pizarro may have been partly to avenge the death of his old master, but he and his accomplices were far more influenced by anger at not being provided for. Herrada's last advice to appoint two Generals showed his incapacity. For young Almagro the death of this ruffian was nought but a good riddance.

[97] This was the treason—the murder of the King's Governor. The object of the battle of Chupas was to capture and punish the traitors.

---

[98]

---

[99] Clerical errors or misprints. Probably Mato and Carhuaz.

[100] This was not GÓmez the brother of Don Pedro de Alvarado, and one of the old captains of the Adelantado Diego de Alvarado. He appears to have been no relation, and was called GÓmez de Alvarado el mozo (the lad) to distinguish him from his namesake. We first hear of him in Cuzco in 1538, as having been arrested by Almagro as a partisan of Pizarro, just before the battle of Las Salinas. He then went with Alonso de Alvarado for the exploration and settlement of Chachapoyas. He afterwards joined Gonzalo Pizarro and was at the battle of Anaquito, when he saved the wounded BelalcÁzar from the ruffian Bachicao and others who wanted to kill him. Gonzalo Pizarro gave him the government of the Chachapoyas. But he deserted his Chief and joined La Gasca, who made him a captain of cavalry. After Sacsahuana, GÓmez de Alvarado "the lad" went to Upper Peru, and when Giron commenced a civil war, he joined Alonso de Alvarado, but was killed in the battle of Chuquinga. Garcilaso confuses him with the other GÓmez de Alvarado.

[101] The reader will have observed some repetition and confusion in this chapter. It is as Cieza de LeÓn wrote it.

[102] The Counts of Lemos derived from RodrÍguez Alvarez Osorio, and his wife AldonÇa daughter of Alonso HenrÍquez, Admiral of Castille. Their son Pedro Alvarez Osorio, who died in 1483, was Count of Lemos by right of his wife, Beatriz de Castro, the heiress of Lemos. His great granddaughter was Beatriz de Castro Osorio, Countess of Lemos. She married a son of the Portuguese Duke of Braganza, and had a son who was the 4th Count of Lemos. Vaca de Castro was a cousin. The 4th Count of Lemos had a daughter Teresa married to the 4th Marquis of CaÑete, Viceroy of Peru, and a son BeltrÁn de Castro, governor of Callao under his brother-in-law, to whom Sir Richard Hawkins surrendered, and of whom he said that he was a very noble knight and a perfect gentleman. A later Count of Lemos was Viceroy of Peru.

[103] In the absence of Sotelo at Cuzco. Carrillo was one of the murderers of the Marquis. He was hanged at Guamanga after the battle of Chupas.

[104] Misprint for 350.

[105] Fray GarcÍa de Loaysa, President of the Council of the Indies, Archbishop of Seville, and confessor to Charles V. He was a brother of Dr. GerÓnimo de Loaysa, the first Archbishop of Lima and friend of Vaca de Castro. The appointment of Vaca de Castro by the Emperor, would have been settled on the recommendation of the Council of the Indies, submitted through its President.

[106] This gives a wrong impression. The captains of the old Adelantado Almagro had not all come to an end. Most of them had declined to take part with the murderers of Pizarro. Francisco de Chaves, it is true, had been murdered by Juan de Herrada. Of the others Diego de Alvarado had returned to Spain. GÓmez de Alvarado and Juan de Sayavedra had left the young Almagro at Jauja, and returned to Lima. Montemayor and Guevara were actually with the army of Vaca de Castro. Sotelo alone had remained with young Almagro, from devotion to his father's memory, although he had protested against the murder of the Marquis.

GarcÍa de Alvarado was not an old captain of Almagro. He is first heard of in history as one of the accomplices of the murderers—a truculent young ruffian.

[107] One of the murderers. He was with Pizarro at Caxamarca, and got his share of the Atahualpa ransom.

[108] Murderers of the Marquis.

[109] Accomplice.

[110] One of the murderers of the Marquis.

[111] He means Charles V, not the Inca Manco.

[112] Tilting at the ring.

[113] This was the elder GÓmez de Alvarado (no relation to the other), one of the old captains of the Adelantado Almagro. He disapproved of the murder of the Marquis, and of the subsequent proceedings of the young Almagro, and had therefore remained at Lima.

[114] Now called Ayacucho.

[115] i.e., with Pizarro at Caxamarca, and received his share of the Atahualpa ransom.

[116] None of them were actual murderers of the Marquis, though PicÓn was an accomplice who waited outside. They saw reason to expect pardon from Vaca de Castro.

[117] Murderers of the Marquis Pizarro.

[118] Accomplices.

[119] i.e. of Vaca de Castro and Diego de Almagro.

[120] Should be Çamarilla.

[121] Spain in geographical outline.

[122] As his name implies, the wily Pedro was a Cretan.

[123] Francisco de Carbajal, afterwards the lieutenant of Gonzalo Pizarro and a ruthless executioner of traitors to his cause.

[124] From which he hung his victims.

[125] 16th of September 1542.

[126] Inca ladies.

[127] Ravine of Lambra Luopica, not Chupas.

[128] Only a mile and a quarter.

[129] Y vuestro buen seso [sic] in the manuscript.

[130] Quica is grey in Quichua, pata an ascent.

[131] Lambras is the local name for a tree like an elder. Huayccu means a ravine.

[132] Lame (cojo) Arias. I did not know his Christian name.

[133] The real truth was that there was not a single one of the old and trusted captains of the elder Almagro with his son; Diego de Alvarado had gone to Spain, OrgÓnez and Lerma were slain at or after Las Salinas, Francisco de Chaves had been murdered by Juan de Herrada, and Sotelo by GarcÍa de Alvarado. The rest were disgusted with the murder of the Marquis and at Juan de Herrada being placed over them. Four, indeed, were actually fighting in the army of Vaca Castro, namely GÓmez de Alvarado, Saavedra, Guevara, and Montemayor.

The murder of the ever faithful and very able Captain Sotelo was a fatal blow to young Almagro. There was no one at Chupas that he could trust. Six of his captains were actual assassins of the Marquis Pizarro, three others were accomplices outside the chamber. Little reliance could be placed on the rest. The assassins and their accomplices would be fighting with ropes round their necks and would fight hard. But the ill-fated young half-caste, with his ability and bravery, was doomed.

[134] Both were assassins of the Marquis. They did this to escape the halter.

[135] Some authorities say that the Inca Paula and his Indians, on the side of Almagro, made an attack early in the day, which was repulsed.

[136] Juan Rodriquez BarragÁn, the ensign Enrique, and eight others also fled with Don Diego, as well as Diego MÉndez.

Juan Balsa, Almagro's Captain-General, fled to Vilcas where he was killed by the natives. He had a house at Cuzco and had married an Inca Princess.

Some authorities say that Pedro SuÁrez, when he marshalled Almagro's army, told Don Diego to remain on the spur. His plan was to defend the ascent from the Lambras-huayccu ravine and not to attack. It is said that when Don Diego charged down at the head of his cavalry, SuÁrez told him that he would be defeated, but that if he had taken his advice he would have been victorious. It is added that he abandoned Don Diego, and went over to the side of Vaca de Castro. This story is not mentioned by Cieza de LeÓn.

[137] Holguin, Tordoya, and GÓmez de Alvarado are said to have been buried in the little church of San CristÓbal at Guamanga, near the head of the avenue leading to the Chupas road. But Cojo Arias told me of the tradition that GÓmez de Tordoya was not buried with the others, but in the church of La Merced, nearer the centre of the town. In 1887 a statue of a warrior was found in a niche in La Merced, recumbent on a mortuary bed, embracing his sword. It is of sandstone and 6-1/2 feet long. It no doubt represents GÓmez de Tordoya, probably due to the piety of his cousin Garcilaso de la Vega. The Indians of Guamanga (Ayacucho) are renowned as sculptors.

[138] All three were actual assassins of the Marquis Pizarro.

[139] Viz., Juan Tello de GuzmÁn, and Almagro's Camp-master Pedro de OÑate.

[140] Assassins of the Marquis.

[141] Also Pedro de San MillÁn and Francisco Coronado.

[142] Cieza de LeÓn had already told us that the elder Almagro was strangled in his prison. But his body was publicly beheaded.

[143] Not so old, if he was born at PanamÁ. That city was only founded in 1520, and Almagro came there some years later. He was not more than nineteen.

[144] The story of Diego de Almagro is very interesting, and exceedingly pathetic. It is interesting because this lad was the first mestizo or half caste distinguished for ability, nobility of conduct, and bearing. There have been many since.

Young Diego was born at PanamÁ. He was the son of an Indian servant girl who went by the name of Ana MartÍnez. PanamÁ was founded late in 1519. The elder Almagro did not settle there until after Espinosa's expedition, two or three years later than the founding of the city. Being the lad's father, his birth probably took place in 1522 or 1523.

The lad is said to have been well "endoctrinated," so he no doubt learnt to read and write, and to repeat the usual invocations and prayers of the period. When MartÍn de AlcÁntara came to PanamÁ on his way to join his half brother Francisco Pizarro in Peru, he met the young lad Diego, and very kindly took charge of him, to join his father. This was in 1535 when the lad was twelve or thirteen. At Lima AlcÁntara took young Diego to his house and treated him as one of his own children, until a way of sending him to his father (then engaged on his Chilean expedition) could be found. At last a servant named Juan de Herrada was engaged, who had come to Peru with Pedro de Alvarado. He also took the royal patent appointing the Adelantado Almagro to be Governor of a province to the south, to be called New Toledo. Pizarro's province, to be called New Castille, was the northern half of the Inca Empire, and the boundary was to be fixed by an arbitrator appointed by the King. Almagro did not wait for an arbitrator, but immediately marched north to settle the boundary himself, declaring Cuzco, and even Lima, to belong to him. This was the beginning of civil dissension in the Realm.

Young Diego must have had a very good time, with all the marching and adventure and none of the responsibility. Doted upon by his father, liked and made much of by the Adelantado's old captains, some of them men of good family and position, he acquired habits of breeding and self-respect. When his father was on the coast, young Diego was proposed as a hostage by the Judge-Arbitrator Bobadilla. Again when Almagro released Hernando Pizarro, his son was sent with the escort to the Governor's camp and received presents. These are the first occasions when he appears in history.

Diego was too young to take part in the battle of Las Salinas, and he does not appear to have been with his father. But he was at Cuzco, and Hernando Pizarro decided that he should be sent to his brother the Governor and Marquis Don Francisco Pizarro. He went with Alonso de Alvarado, GÓmez de Alvarado, and his father's servant Juan de Herrada. They found Francisco Pizarro at Jauja. In interviews with the Marquis the lad entreated him not to put his father to death, and Pizarro assured him that he had no such intention. Young Diego was treated with hospitality, and even distinction, and when he went to Lima with Juan de Herrada, the Marquis sent orders that the lad was to be lodged in his own house, and treated as his son. Then the news came of the execution of the Adelantado Almagro. The son was persuaded by Juan de Herrada that it was done by order of the Marquis, which was quite untrue. The next news was that the royal patent authorized the Adelantado to nominate a successor to the government of New Toledo; and that he had named his son in his will. Herrada, who was the lad's evil genius, filled his mind with ideas of vengeance and ambition. When Pizarro returned to Lima he found young Almagro full of these ideas, and constantly intriguing with Herrada and others. He could no longer have the boy as an inmate of his house.

Herrada had acquired complete influence over young Diego's mind. This man had come to Peru with Pedro de Alvarado; and transferred his services to the elder Almagro, to attend on his son. He was a man of great energy, quick decision, and some power in acquiring influence over others. But here his good qualities ended. He had little ability, no judgment, and no mercy. His one virtue was devotion to Almagro and his son, but he only knew how to show it by an act of brutal vengeance.

The murder of the Marquis was entirely planned by this ruffian. All the old captains of the elder Almagro but one[145] were against it. The question arises how far young Diego was an accomplice. He was told by Herrada that Pizarro was going to kill him and all his friends, and it was proposed to him that the Marquis should be seized until Vaca de Castro arrived, who would judge between them. But I think that the boy was not cognizant of the intended murder until after its perpetration.

In a letter which young Diego wrote to the Judges of the Royal Audience of PanamÁ, putting forth his claim to succeed as Governor, he states that his object was to seize the Marquis, not to murder him: and that he regretted his death. The letter is dated 14 July 1541.[146] I think that this may be believed.

Juan de Herrada showed great energy after the murder; disarming and arresting, and forcing the municipal officers to acknowledge young Diego as Governor. But when nearly all the Spaniards outside Lima rose against him, he showed nothing but incapacity and arrogance. He tortured and killed Pizarro's secretary, and murdered Francisco de Chaves owing to a private feud, the only old captain of the elder Almagro who was an accomplice, though not an actual murderer. Both were acts of unwisdom and stupid violence. The accomplice of whom he had the highest opinion was a young ruffian named GarcÍa de Alvarado, violent, incapable, and brutally selfish—an unscrupulous robber. Yet the ill-fated boy remained completely under the malign influence of Juan de Herrada, and consented to make him General of the forces he was collecting. He was thus placed over all the veteran captains of the elder Almagro, men of position, of tried valour, with great military experience. They were not prepared to serve under the upstart Herrada, and they were all disgusted at the murder of the Marquis, an atrocious crime which could not be forgiven, as well as a piece of folly, which no one with any judgment would have committed. Sooner or later all his father's old captains except one left the service of the unhappy boy, and joined the royal Governor—GÓmez de Alvarado, Saavedra, Montemayor, Guevara, all fell away from the murderers. One only stood firm for the boy, for the sake of his father. This was CristÓval de Sotelo, an old soldier of the school of OrgÓÑez, but able, experienced in war, and possessing no common skill in all matters relating to his profession. He was true as steel to the cause he had once espoused.

Herrada found it necessary to leave Lima and make for Cuzco, there to await events. He was taken ill on the way and died at Jauja showing his incapacity with his dying breath, by advising that Sotelo and GarcÍa de Alvarado should command jointly. Sotelo of course declined such a position, and GarcÍa de Alvarado went with a following to Arequipa, nominally to collect men and arms, but really for plunder.

Young Diego, now free from the evil tutelage of Juan de Herrada, began to act for himself, and showed that he possessed ability and force of character. He was not altogether without help, though surrounded by murderers and self-seekers. In Sotelo he found a true friend and wise counsellor, and during the march to Cuzco, under such guidance, he brought his levies of 550 men into a state of tolerable military efficiency.

At Cuzco young Diego worked hard with Sotelo, in preparing arms, superintending the casting of cannon by Pedro de CandÍa, and consulting about the best course to pursue. Then the young ruffian GarcÍa de Alvarado arrived from his freebooting expedition to Arequipa, with a large amount of treasure. He used it to form a party of his own in the camp. He was jealous of Sotelo, who at the time was ill in bed with a fever, and he went to his house to pick a quarrel, ending by murdering him. Young Diego did not dare to arrest the assassin owing to the party his stolen treasure had got around him. He bided his time. He even consented to make him second in command with special powers. The ambition of the young ruffian (he was twenty-nine) was to have chief command. He intended to murder young Almagro. But the half-caste was more than a match for him at that game. There was to be a grand supper, and GarcÍa de Alvarado was to go to Diego's house and invite him, having arranged for his murder after the supper. Diego made a different arrangement, which was to kill GarcÍa de Alvarado when he came to say that the supper was ready. This was done.

But the lad was still surrounded with difficulties and dangers. There was a well paid Alvarado party which was discontented. The loss of Sotelo was fatal. The gallant boy had not a single friend whom he could trust—his associates were a gang of murderers and self-seekers. He thought he had a friend, in a man named Lope de IdiÁquez, and consulted him. But he proved a traitor. There was also an old soldier who had served in the Italian wars and could marshal an army to the best advantage, but he too was false and a traitor.

Thus, without a single friend upon whom he could rely, this boy of nineteen prepared to encounter the Governor's army led by all the experienced cavaliers and soldiers in Peru. To have undertaken this showed great courage, and that he should have done it so well denotes rare ability. It is true that he must have known that all the leaders would fight to the last, for they fought with halters round their necks. But the equipment of the force, the provision of arms and accoutrements, the organization, the route, the marching order, were all due to the energy and ability of this half-caste boy.

Young Almagro would have been pardoned before the battle, if he had consented to abandon the cause of the murderers who were in his army. He was too honourable to entertain such a proposal. He fought with great valour and determination at Chupas, to the bitter end.

This fortune followed him in his flight from the lost battle. He had with him Diego MÉndez, who was a fool as well as an unmitigated scoundrel. Young Almagro should have made his way direct from the Apurimac to the mountain fastness of the Inca. But Diego MÉndez persuaded him to come to Cuzco for horse shoes, merely because the rascal wanted to visit his own mistress, the news of the battle of Chupas not having yet reached the city. The delay was fatal to young Diego. The bad news arrived when he had only got as far as the valley of Yucay. A party was sent in pursuit and he was captured.

Young Diego made a final effort to escape his fate. A faithful young page bought two horses, and he intended to take refuge with the Inca. But the scheme was betrayed, and he was more strictly guarded. This misfortune is much to be regretted. Inca Manco would have received the able young soldier with hospitality and kindness. He would have thrown in his lot with the Incas and, as their very efficient General, would probably have repulsed the force sent against Tupac Amaru, and thus prevented the disgraceful scene, for which the Viceroy Toledo was responsible, in the plaza of Cuzco.

Young Don Diego de Almagro met his death with the calmness and dignity of a Christian knight, and the courage of an Indian Chief. He should have been spared. The political reason for the execution of his father—that he was a source of danger owing to the still unbroken strength of his party—did not exist in the case of the son. The Almagro party had been annihilated. The lad should have been sent to PanamÁ or to Spain.

It is a very sad story, and most interesting as a proof of the ability and courage of the first distinguished half-caste.

[145] Chaves, and he was not among the assassins.

[146] MuÑoz Coll. It is printed in Spanish by Prescott, in an appendix at the end of vol. ii of his work.

[147] Diego MÉndez and seven others took refuge with the Inca, who showed them great kindness. In return they murdered their host and tried to escape, but were promptly seized and put to death by the Inca's servants. The murder took place in 1545. The design of these villains was to obtain a pardon for having borne arms with Don Diego, by disposing of the Inca.

[148] CÉsar was at the Rio de la Plata before he went to Cartagena.

[149] He, at the request of all the principal Spaniards in Peru, took up their cause against the New Laws, and, when it suited their interests, they basely deserted him.

[150] Now Chicuana. But the modern place is far from the old site.

[151] Western?

[152] TucumÁn. It was then a common practice to substitute the  for the terminal an. The name of the Chilean commander Villagran is often spelt without the n—VillagrÂ.

[153] Avestruces in the MS.—but really the Rhea.

[154] Bixa orellana—anatto.

[155] The MS. is defective here.

[156] Orejones was the name given by Spaniards to some wild tribes of the Gran Chaco, because they perforated and stretched the ear lobes.

[157] Macagax in the Argentine province of Santiago del Estero.

[158] Algarrobo (Prosopis alba, or perhaps ruscifolia, Gr.).

[159] The river Salado, which watered the province of Socotonio, first evangelized by St. Francis Solano late in the sixteenth century. They were by this time on the south-western fringe of the Gran Chaco.

[160] East? Its general direction thereabouts is S.S.E.

[161] The village Soconcho is shown on the AbbÉ JolÍs' map, in his Historia del Chaco (1789), on the east bank of the Rio Dulce, or Saladillo, in lat. 28° 40' S. Its true latitude is 28° 55'.

[162] Blank in the original MS.

[163] That is, his mother Juana's grandson, his Majesty's own son.

[164] Attorney General.

[165] Santo Domingo, Mexico, Guatemala with Nicaragua and Peru.

[166] Naboria—domestic service: tapia—task work.

[167] Juan Infante. No notice seems to be preserved of this encomendero.

Diego de OrdÁs. Was a native of Campos de Valverde or Castro Verde. He was chief Mayor-domo to Diego de VelÁsquez, governor of Cuba, and was sent by him to arrest CortÉs at Trinidad, in the Island of Cuba, when he had already started on the expedition to Mexico. Instead of arresting CortÉs, D. de OrdÁs joined his company and was made Captain of one of the ships of the expedition, and became one of the principal leaders. He was the first Spaniard to ascend Popocatepetl. After the fall of Mexico he was sent by CortÉs on a mission to Spain, when he was made a Comendador of the order of Santiago, had the grant of Indians which had been made to him in Mexico confirmed by the Emperor, and was given a smoking mountain (Popocatepetl) as his coat of arms. He then went back to Mexico, and two or three years later returned to Castile, and petitioned for leave to conquer the MaraÑÓn region, where he lost his life. He was about forty years old when he left Cuba for Mexico.

Maestro Roa. When describing the festivities in Mexico to celebrate the peace made by Francis I and the Emperor at Aguas Muertas, Bernal DÍaz says (ch. cci): "After this, on the following morning, half this same Plaza had been turned into the City of Rhodes with its towers ... and of the hundred knights commanders ... the Marquis CortÉs was their commander and the Grand Master of Rhodes....

"I want to add an amusing story concerning a settler in Mexico called the Master of Rhodes (Maestro de Roda), already an old man, who had a great wen on his neck. He had the name of Master of Rhodes because they called him purposely Master of Rhodes, and it was he for whom the Marquis had sent to Castile to heal his right arm, which he had broken in a fall from a horse after his return from Honduras, and he paid him very well for coming to cure his arm, and gave him some pueblos of Indians.

"When the festivals which I have mentioned were over, as this Master of Rhodes was one of the chroniclers [of the festivities], and was a good talker, he went to Castile at that time, and became so well acquainted with the SeÑora DoÑa Maria de Mendoza, the wife of the Comendador Mayor, one Francisco de los Cobos, that he bewitched her, and promised to give her drugs so that she should bear a child, and he said this in such a way that she believed him, and the SeÑora DoÑa Maria promised him that if she bore a child she would give him two thousand ducats, and would support him before the Royal Council of the Indies in obtaining further pueblos of Indians. This same Master of Rhodes also promised Cardinal de CigÜenza, who was President of the Council of the Indies, that he would cure him of the gout, and the President believed him, and they allotted him, on the order of the Cardinal and through the support of the SeÑora DoÑa Maria de Mendoza, very good Indians, better than those he owned. What he did in the matter of cures was to heal neither the Marquis's arm (if anything he left him more crippled, although he paid him very well and gave him the Indians I have mentioned), nor did the SeÑora DoÑa Maria de Mendoza ever bear a child, for all the hot sweetmeats of sarsaparilla which he ordered her to take, nor did he cure the Cardinal of the gout; but he kept the bars of gold which CortÉs gave him, and the Indians which the Royal Council of the Indies bestowed upon him in New Spain.

"He left behind him in Castile among the traders who had gone to law [about Indians] a joke, to the effect that a little sarsaparilla which the Master of Rhodes had brought with him was worth more than all the services the true conquistadores had rendered to his Majesty, for owing to this name, which had been given him of Master of Rhodes, and through being a good talker, he had deceived both the President and the SeÑora DoÑa Maria de Mendoza, while other conquistadores, however much they had served his Majesty, got no benefits at all." [Hakluyt Society, Series II, vol. 40, pp. 191, 197-8.]

Francisco VÁsquez Coronado. I do not think he was an original conquistador; he probably arrived later in Mexico. He was an intimate friend of Antonio de Mendoza, the first Viceroy of Mexico. He married the daughter of Alonso de Estrada, the Treasurer of Mexico. He was appointed Governor of the State of Jalisco, and left his government to undertake the conquest of Cibola—"the seven cities."

Bernal DÍaz says of him: "Francisco VÁzquez had been lately married to a lady who was a daughter of the Treasurer Alonzo de Estrada, and, in addition to being talented, was very beautiful; and as he went to those cities of Cibola he had a great desire to return to New Spain to his wife. Some of the soldiers who were in his company said that he wished to copy the Greek Captain Ulysses, who when he was before Troy was crazy to go and enjoy his wife Penelope, so did Francisco VÁzquez Coronado, who left the Conquest he had undertaken. He was attacked by incipient madness and returned to Mexico to his wife, and as they reproached him for having returned in that way, he died within a few days."

Later on Bernal DÍaz says: "Nor will I call to mind the expedition which Francisco VÁzquez Coronado made from Mexico to the cities which they call Cibola, for as I did not go with him I have no right to speak of it."

Francisco Maldonado. Must have been one of the original conquistadores as he signed the first letter of the Army of CortÉs to the Emperor. However, there were five men of the name of Maldonado mentioned by Bernal DÍaz. Two of them may be ruled out as their names, Alonzo and Alvaro, are given—a third, a native of Medellin, returned to Cuba, invalided. Francisco Maldonado was therefore probably either "Maldonado 'el ancho,' a native of Salamanca and a distinguished person who had been in command of expeditions, who died a natural death," or "Maldonado of Vera Cruz, who was the husband of DoÑa Maria de Rincon."

Bernaldino VÁzquez de Tapia. An original conquistador, as he signed the first letter to the Emperor. He is mentioned as chosen to accompany Pedro de Alvarado on an embassy to Montezuma, when CortÉs was at Tlaxcala—but he fell ill on the road and the embassy was recalled. When the first Royal Audiencia of Mexico was dismissed and many disputes arose, Bernaldino VÁzquez was chosen by the conquistadores as Proctor to go to Spain and represent the interests of CortÉs. Bernal DÍaz says of him, "a very distinguished and rich man, who died a natural death."

Juan Jaramillo. Was captain of a launch during the siege of Mexico. He accompanied CortÉs on the expedition to Honduras, and on the way, at Orizaba, he was married to DoÑa Marina the mistress of CortÉs. He died a natural death.

MartÍn VÁzquez. An original conquistador described by Bernal DÍaz as "a native of Olmedo, a rich and distinguished man" who became a settler in Mexico—died a natural death.

Gil GonzÁlez de Benavides. Was not an original conquistador, but he accompanied CortÉs on his expedition to Honduras. He was the brother of the distinguished conquistador and Captain Alonzo de Avila, who had received the encomienda of the pueblo of Cuautitlan, near Mexico. When Alonzo de Avila left Mexico he gave his brother power of attorney, so that he might benefit from the encomienda, and on the death of Alonzo de Avila the Crown claimed the encomienda, and I think there was a lawsuit about it.

The two sons of Gil GonzÁlez were beheaded for conspiracy.

[168] Poniente.

[169] This must be an error, probably for TucumÁn.

[170] Prosopis (Sp. var.), yielding a bean.

[171] Sent to press, Jan. 1st., 1918.

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PRINTED AT THE BEDFORD PRESS, 20 AND 21, BEDFORDBURY, STRAND, LONDON, W.C.

Transcriber's Notes:
1. Obvious punctuation, hyphenation and spelling errors have been corrected.
2. In the Index, under "Tovar", reference is made to GarcÍa de Tovar. This entry was non-existent, and has been created by the transcriber.
3. Page xliv: "ryotwarry" - spelling has been corrected to "ryotwari".
4. In the Index, under "Encomendero", reference is made to a note on page 350. There is, however, no note or mention of this term on this page, but there is a mention in Footnote 167.
5. In the Index, under GÓmez, Pero, reference is made to page iii and a note on page iii. There is no text on page iii, but the reference pertains to page 35 and the note on this page.
6. Some archaic words have been retained, e.g. aweary.
7. There are many inconsistencies in spelling and accentuation in the original work. These have been kept as found.
8. Corrections described in the corrigenda have been applied to the text.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

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