The following list gives the names of the principal gypsy families in England, with their characteristics. It was prepared for me by an old, well-known Romany, of full blood. Those which have (a) appended to them are known to have representatives in America. For myself, I believe that gypsies bearing all these names are to be found in both countries. I would also state that the personal characteristics attributed to certain families are by no means very strictly applicable, neither do any of them confine themselves rigidly to any particular part of England. I have met, for instance, with Bosvilles, Lees, Coopers, Smiths, Bucklands, etc., in every part of England as well as Wales. I am aware that the list is imperfect in all respects.

Ayres.

Bailey (a). Half-bloods. Also called rich. Roam in Sussex.

Barton. Lower Wiltshire.

Black. Hampshire.

Bosville (a). Generally spread, but are specially to be found in Devonshire. I have found several fine specimens of real Romanys among the American Bosvilles. In Romany, Chumomishto, that is, Buss (or Kiss) well.

Broadway (a). Somerset.

Buckland. In Gloucestershire, but abounding over England. Sometimes called Chokamengro, that is Tailor.

Burton (a). Wiltshire.

Chapman (a). Half-blood, and are commonly spoken of as a rich clan. Travel all over England.

Chilcott (vul. Chilcock).

Clarke. Half-blood. Portsmouth.

Cooper (a). Chiefly found in Berkshire and Windsor. In Romany, Vardo mescro.

Davies.

Dickens. Half-blood.

Dighton. Blackheath.

Draper. Hertfordshire.

Finch.

Fuller. Hardly half-blood, but talk Romany.

Gray. Essex. In Romany, Gry, or horse.

Hare (a). Chiefly in Hampshire.

Hazard. Half-blood. Windsor.

Herne. Oxfordshire and London. “Of this name there are,” says Borrow (Romano Lavo-Lil), “two gypsy renderings: (1.) Rosar-mescro or Ratzie-mescro, that is, duck-fellow; the duck being substituted for the heron, for which there is no word in Romany, this being done because there is a resemblance in the sound of Heron and Herne. (2.) Balor-engre, or Hairy People, the translator having confounded Herne with Haaren, Old English for hairs.”

Hicks. Half-blood. Berkshire.

Hughes. Wiltshire.

Ingraham (a). Wales and Birmingham, or in the KÁlo tem or Black Country.

James. Half-blood.

Jenkins. Wiltshire.

Jones. Half-blood. Headquarters at Battersea, near London.

Lee (a). The same in most respects as the Smiths, but are even more widely extended. I have met with several of the most decided type of pure-blooded, old-fashioned gypsies among Lees in America. They are sometimes among themselves called purum, a lee-k, from the fancied resemblance of the words.

Lewis. Hampshire.

Locke. Somerset and Gloucestershire.

Lovel. Known in Romany as Kamlo, or Kamescro, that is, lover. London, but are found everywhere.

Loveridge. Travel in Oxfordshire; are in London at Shepherd’s Bush.

Marshall. As much Scotch as English, especially in Dumfriesshire and Galloway, in which latter region, in Saint Cuthbert’s church-yard, lies buried the “old man” of the race, who died at the age of one hundred and seven. In Romany Makkado-tan-engree, that is, Fellows of the Marshes. Also known as Bungoror, cork-fellows and Chikkenemengree, china or earthenware (lit. dirt or clay) men, from their cutting corks, and peddling pottery, or mending china.

Matthews. Half-blood. Surrey.

North.

Petulengro, or Smith. The Romany name Petulengro means Master of the Horseshoe; that is, Smith. The gypsy who made this list declared that he had been acquainted with Jasper Petulengro, of Borrow’s Lavengro, and that he died near Norwich about sixty years ago. The Smiths are general as travelers, but are chiefly to be found in the East of England.

Pike. Berkshire.

Pinfold, or Penfold. Half and quarter blood. Widely extended, but most at home in London.

RÓllin (Roland?). Half-blood. Chiefly about London.

Scamp. Chiefly in Kent. A small clan. Mr. Borrow derives this name from the Sanskrit Ksump, to go. I trust that it has not a more recent and purely English derivation.

Shaw.

Small (a). Found in West England, chiefly in Somerset and Devonshire.

Stanley (a). One of the most extended clans, but said to be chiefly found in Devonshire. They sometimes call themselves in joke Beshalay, that is, Sit-Down, from the word stan, suggesting standing up in connection with lay. Also Bangor, or Baromescre, that is, Stone (stan) people. Thus “Stony-lea” was probably their first name. Also called Kashtengrees, Woodmen, from the New Forest.

Taylor. A clan described as diddikai, or half-bloods. Chiefly in London. This clan should be the only one known as Chokamengro.

Turner.

Walker. Half-blood. Travel about Surrey.

Wells (a). Half-blood. Somerset.

Wharton. Worton. I have only met the Whartons in America.

Wheeler. Pure and half-blood. Battersea.

White.

“AdrÉ o Lavines tem o Romanies see Woods, Roberts, Williams, and Jones. In Wales the gypsies are Woods, Roberts, Williams, and Jones.” [307a]

CHARACTERISTICS. [307b]

Of these gypsies the Bailies are fair.

The Birds are in Norfolk and Suffolk.

The Blacks are dark, stout, and strong.

The Bosvilles are rather short, fair, stout, and heavy.

The Broadways are fair, of medium height and good figures.

The Bucklands are thin, dark, and tallish.

The Bunces travel in the South of England.

The Burtons are short, dark, and very active.

The Chapmans are fair.

The Clarkes are fair and well-sized men.

The Coopers are short, dark, and very active.

The Dightons are very dark and stout.

The Drapers are very tall and large and dark.

The Faas are at Kirk Yetholm, in Scotland.

The Grays are very large and fair.

The Greenes are small and dark.

The Gregories range from Surrey to Suffolk.

The Hares are large, stout, and dark.

The Hazards are tall and fair.

The Hernes (Herons) are very large and dark.

The Hicks are very large, strong, and fair.

The Hughes are short, stubby, and dark.

The Ingrahams are fair and all of medium height.

The Jenkins are dark, not large, and active.

The Jones are fair and of middling height.

The Lanes are fair and of medium height.

The Lees are dark, tall, and stout.

The Lewis are dark and of medium height.

The Lights are half-bloods, and travel in Middlesex.

The Lockes are shortish, dark, and large.

The Lovells are dark and large.

The Maces are about Norwich.

The Matthews are thick, short, and stout, fair, and good fighters.

The Millers are at Battersea.

North. Are to be found at Shepherd’s Bush.

The Olivers are in Kent.

The Pikes are light and very tall.

The Pinfolds are light, rather tall, not heavy. (Are really a Norfolk family. F. Groome.)

The Rolands are rather large and dark.

The Scamps are very dark and stout.

The Shaws travel in Middlesex.

The Smalls are tall, stout, and fair.

The Smiths are dark, rather tall, slender, and active.

The Stanleys are tall, dark, and handsome.

The Taylors are short, stout, and dark.

The Turners are also in Norfolk and Suffolk.

The Walkers are stout and fair.

The Wells are very light and tall.

The Wheelers are thin and fair.

The Whites are short and light.

The Youngs are very dark. They travel in the northern counties, and belong both to Scotland and England.

* * * * *

The following is a collection of the more remarkable “fore” or Christian names of Romanys:—

Opi Boswell.

Wanselo, or Anselo. I was once of the opinion that this name was originally Lancelot, but as Mr. Borrow has found Wentzlow, i.e., Wenceslas, in England, the latter is probably the original. I have found it changed to Onslow, as the name painted on a Romany van in Aberystwith, but it was pronounced Anselo.

Pastor-rumis.

Spico.

Jineral, i.e., General Cooper.

Horferus and Horfer. Either Arthur or Orpheus. His name was then changed to Wacker-doll, and finally settled into Wacker.

Plato or Platos Buckland.

Wine-Vinegar Cooper. The original name of the child bearing this extraordinary name was Owen. He died soon after birth, and was in consequence always spoken of as Wine-Vinegar,—Wine for the joy which his parents had at his birth, and Vinegar to signify their grief at his loss.

Gilderoy Buckland. Silvanus Boswell.

Lancelot Cooper. Sylvester, Vester, Wester, Westarus and ’Starus.

Oscar Buckland.

Dimiti Buckland. Liberty.

Piramus Boswell. Goliath.

Reconcile. Octavius.

Justerinus. Render Smith.

Faunio.

Shek-Ésu. I am assured on good authority that a gypsy had a child baptized by this name.

Artaros. Sacki.

Culvato (Claude). Spysell.

Divervus. Spico.

Lasho, i.e., Louis.

Vesuvius. I do not know whether any child was actually called by this burning cognomen, but I remember that a gypsy, hearing two gentlemen talking about Mount Vesuvius, was greatly impressed by the name, and consulted with them as to the propriety of giving it to his little boy.

Wisdom. Loverin.

Inverto. Mantis.

Studaveres Lovel. Happy Boswell.

FEMININE NAMES.

Selinda, Slinda, Linda, Slindi. Delilah.

Mia. Prudence.

Mizelia, Mizelli, Mizela. Providence.

Lina. Eve.

Pendivella. Athaliah.

JewrÁnum, i.e., Geranium. Gentilla, Gentie.

Virginia. Synfie. Probably Cynthia.

Suby, Azuba. Sybie. Probably from Sibyl.

Isaia.

Richenda. Canairis.

Kiomi. Fenella.

Liberina. Floure, Flower, Flora.

Malindi. Kisaiya.

OtchamÉ. Orlenda.

RenÉe. Reyora, Regina.

Sinaminta. Syeira. Probably Cyra.

Y-yra or Yeira. Truffeni.

Delira, Deleera. Ocean Solis.

Marili Stanley. Penelli. Possibly from Fenella.

Britannia.

Glani. SÉgel Buckland.

Zuba. Morella Knightly.

Sybarini Cooper. Eza.

Esmeralda Locke. Lenda.

Penti. Collia.

Reservi. This extraordinary name was derived from a reservoir, by which some gypsies were camped, and where a child was born.

Lementina. Casello (Celia).

Rodi. Catseye.

AlabÏna. Trainette.

Dosia. Perpinia.

Lavi. Dora.

Silvina. Starlina.

Richenda. Bazena.

Marbelenni. Bena.

Ashena. Ewri.

Vashti. Koket.

Youregh. Lusho.