Historical and Political Essays

FOOTNOTES.

[1] For the mounting of permanent preparations, see ChapterXIX.

[2] The term “colony” is, perhaps, inappropriate, as the whole mass of cells arises from a single one, and may properly be looked upon as an individual plant.

[3] AlgÆ (sing. alga).

[4] “Host,” the plant or animal upon which a parasite lives.

[5] The antheridia, when present, arise as branches just below the oÖgonium, and become closely applied to it, sometimes sending tubes through its wall, but there has been no satisfactory demonstration of an actual transfer of the contents of the antheridium to the egg cell.

[6] The filaments are attached to the surface of the leaf by suckers, which are not so readily seen in this species as in some others. A mildew growing abundantly in autumn on the garden chrysanthemum, however, shows them very satisfactorily if a bit of the epidermis of a leaf on which the fungus is just beginning to grow is sliced off with a sharp razor and mounted in dilute glycerine, or water, removing the air with alcohol. These suckers are then seen to be globular bodies, penetrating the outer wall of the cell (Fig.40).

[7] Sing. soredium.

[8] Sing. basidium.

[9] A vessel differs from a tracheid in being composed of several cells placed end to end, the partitions being wholly or partially absorbed, so as to throw the cells into close communication.

[10] In most conifers the symmetrical form of the young tree is maintained as long as the tree lives.

[11] See the last chapter for details.

[12] The three outer stamens are shorter than the inner set.

[13] Monoecious: having stamens and carpels in different flowers, but on the same plant.

[14] In a number of plants with showy flowers, e.g. violets, jewel-weed, small, inconspicuous flowers are also formed, which are self-fertilizing. These inconspicuous flowers are called “cleistogamous.”

[15] The division is repeated in the same way in each cell so that ultimately four pollen spores are formed from each of the original mother cells.

[16] For gradual dehydrating, the specimens may be placed successively in 30percent, 50percent, 70percent, 90percent, and absolute alcohol.

It consists of a synoptical review of the general structure and morphology of plants, clearly drawn out according to biological principles, fully illustrated, and accompanied by a set of blanks for written exercises by pupils. The plan is designed to encourage close observation, exact knowledge, and precise statement.

A Primer of Botany.

By Mrs.A.A. Knight, of Robinson Seminary, Exeter, N.H. 12mo. Boards. Illus. vii+115 pp. Mailing Price, 35cents; for Introd., 30cents.

This Primer is designed to bring physiological botany to the level of primary and intermediate grades.

Outlines of Lessons in Botany.

For the use of teachers, or mothers studying with their children. By Miss Jane H. Newell. Part I.: From Seed to Leaf. Sq. 16mo. Illus. 150pp. Cloth. Mailing Price, 55cents; for Introd., 50cents.

This book aims to give an outline of work for the pupils themselves. It follows the plan of Gray’s First Lessons and How Plants Grow, and is intended to be used with either of these books.

A Reader in Botany.

Selected and adapted from well-known Authors. By Miss Jane H. Newell. Part I.: From Seed to Leaf. 12mo. Cloth. vi+209 pp. Mailing Price, 70cents; for Introd., 60cents.

This book follows the plan of the editor’s Outlines of Lessons in Botany and Gray’s Lessons, and treats of Seed-Food, Movements of Seedlings, Trees in Winter, Climbing Plants, Insectivorous Plants, Protection of Leaves from the Attacks of Animals, etc.

Little Flower-People.

By Gertrude Elisabeth Hale. Sq. 12mo. Illus. Cloth. xiii+85 pp. Mailing Price, 50cents; for Introd., 40cents.

The aim of this book is to tell some of the most important elementary facts of plant-life in such a way as to appeal to the child’s imagination and curiosity, and to awaken an observant interest in the facts themselves.

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