A.

Atmospheric air, elastic force of, 23

Atmospheric pressure rendered available as a mechanic agent by Denis Papin, 48

Atmospheric engine, first conception of by Newcomen, 61.
Description of, 63.
Advantage of over that of Savery, 69

Barometer, the, 21

Barometer gauge, the, 123

Belidor, 133

Birmingham and London railroad, probable advantages to be derived from, 206

Black, Dr., his doctrine of latent heat, 76

Blasco de Garay, his contrivance to propel vessels, 42

Blinkensop, Mr., constructs a locomotive engine, 161

Boiler, methods for showing the level of water in the, 118.
Its power and proportions, 297

Bolton, Matthew, his connexion with Watt, 88

—— and Watt, Messrs., immense expenditure of, in bringing their engines into use, 91

Booth, Mr., his method of using tubes to conduct heated air through locomotive boilers, 176.
His report to the directors of the Liverpool and Manchester railway on the apparent discrepancies of Messrs. Walker and Rastrick's estimate of locomotive power, 189

Braithwaite and Ericsson, Messrs., their "Novelty" described, 175

Branca, Giovanni, his machine for propelling a wheel by a blast of steam, 45

Brewster, Dr., 79

Brunton, Mr., his improved furnace described, 130

Canals, transport on, 208.
Experiments with boats on, 209,
Comparison of with railroads, 210

Cartwright, Rev. Mr., description of his improvements in the steam engine, 142

Cawley, John, 61

"Century of Inventions" by the Marquis of Worcester, 46

Chapman, Messrs., obtain a patent for working a locomotive by means of a chain, 162

Church, Dr., his steam carriage, 239

Cohesion, attraction of, 32

Condensation of solids, 28

Condensation by jet, accidental discovery of, 65

Cornwall, reports of duty of steam engines in, 303

Cotton, processes in the culture of, 18

Cylinder, its proportions, 300

D valve, description of the, 113

Damper, the, 126

Duty of a steam engine, 291

Duty, reports of, in Cornwall, 303

Eccentric; description of the, 111

Edelcrantz, the Chevalier, 127

Farey, Mr., his statement respecting the variations in the work of different steam engines, 133

Fluids, property of, 21

Fly-wheel, introduction of the, 104

Four-way cock, description of the, 115

Fuel, table of the consumption of, in different locomotives, 180

Governor, description of the, 105

Guericke, Otto, inventor of the air-pump, 70

Gurney, Mr., his steam carriage, 216

Hackworth, Mr., description of his engine, the "Sanspareil," 173

Hall, Mr. Samuel, his patent steam engine, 248.
Its advantages for navigation, 249.
Its successful application, 250

Hamilton, Duke of, 88

Hancock, Mr. Walter, his steam carriage, 235

Heat, phenomena of, 29

Hero of Alexandria, description of his machine, 41

Hopper, the, or apparatus for supplying the fire-place with coals, 131

Hornblower, Mr., his double-cylinder engine, 134

Horse power and steam power, comparison between, 202

Horse power of an engine, 291.
Method of calculating it, 293

Howard, Mr. Thomas, his patent steam engine, 253.
Its advantages in navigation, 256

Huskisson, Mr., 154

Inclined planes, their injurious effects on railroads, 194.
Methods proposed to remedy these, 194

India, steam communication with, 271

Kendal and Preston canal, speed of boats on, 209

Leeds and Selby railroad, 317

Leicester and Swannington railroad, 317

Leupold, his "Theatrum Machinarum," 116.
His engine described, 147

Liquids converted into vapour by the application of heat, 27.
Difference of temperatures of, 35

Liverpool and Manchester railroad, effects of the introduction of steam transport on, 152.
Want of experience in the construction of the engines, 154.
Proceedings of the directors, 167.
Premium offered by them for the best engine, 169.
Experiments made on, 183.
Passengers the chief source of profit to the proprietors, 204

Liverpool and London, supposed advantages from the connexion of these places by railroad, 206

Llangennech coal, its economy, 267

Locomotive engines, description of the "Rocket," 171.
The "Sanspareil," 173.
The "Novelty," 175.
Mr. Booth's method of using tubes to conduct heated air through boilers, 177.
Mr. Stephenson's method of subdividing the flue, 179.
Amount of fuel consumed in, 180.
Progressive improvement of, 180.
Description of an improved form of engine, 181.
Circumstances on which their efficiency depends, 183.
Experiments with, on Liverpool and Manchester railroad, 184.
Defects of, 186.
Improvement in the method of tubing, 188.
Proposed methods for working them on levels and inclined planes, 194.
Extraordinary speed and power of, 204.
Their introduction on turnpike roads, 213

Locomotive power, expense of, 188

Locomotive boilers, improved form of, 177

Machines, definition of, 19

Manufactures, motions required in, 19

Morgan, Mr., his patent paddle-wheel, 259

Morland, Sir Samuel, his application of steam to raise water, 47

Motion, a primary agent in the cultivation of cotton, 18.
Variety of, 19

Murray, Mr., description of his suggested slide valve, 113

Newcomen, Thomas, and John Cawley, turn their attention to the practicability of applying steam engines to the drainage of mines, 61

Newcomen, Thomas, his construction of the atmospheric engine, 63

"Novelty," description of the, 175

Ogle, Mr., his steam carriage, 239

Oldham, Mr., his modification of the self-regulating furnace, 132

Paddle-wheel, the common one, 257.
Mr. Morgan's patent one, 259

Papin, Denis, his contrivance, by which atmospheric pressure is rendered available as a mechanical agent, 48.
Description of his steam engine, 71

Parallel motion, description of the, 95

Piston, its velocity, 302

Post-office steam packets, their speed, 268

Potter, Humphrey, his contrivance for working the valves, 67

Power of a steam engine, how estimated, 291

Railroads, first introduction of locomotives on, 151.
Important effects to be expected from their adoption, 155.
Imaginary difficulty respecting the progression of carriages on, 160.
Various methods resorted to, to remedy this supposed difficulty, 161.
One of these methods described, 162.
Comparative estimate of the expenses of locomotive and stationary engines, 168.
Difficulties arising from changes of level, 192.
Their great extension, 206.
Comparison of, with turnpike roads, 213.
Inclined planes on, 194

Railway speculators, plain rules for, 307

Roads, their resistance to draft, 213.
Compared with railroads, 213

Robinson, Dr., 73

Roebuck, Dr., assistance rendered by him to Watt, 87.
His embarrassments, 88

"Rocket," description of the, 171

Savery, Thomas, obtains a patent for an engine to raise water, 49.
His discovery of the principle of condensation, 49.
Constructs the first engine brought into operation, 50.
Description of, 51.
Inefficiency of, 57.
Great consumption of fuel necessary in his engines, 60.
Different purposes to which he proposed to apply the steam engine, 61.
Limited power of his engine, 69

"Sanspareil", description of the, 173

Smeaton turns his attention to the details of the atmospheric engines, 73

Solids converted into liquids by the application of heat, 27

Solomon De Caus, description of the apparatus of, 43

Somerset, Edward, Marquis of Worcester, invention of the steam engine ascribed to him, 45.
Description of his contrivance, 45.
Similar to Savery's, 46.
His "Century of Inventions," 46

Steam carriages, Mr. Gurney's, 216.
Mr. Hancock's, 235.
Mr. Ogle's, 238.
Dr. Church's, 239

Steam, its properties described, 30.
Its mechanical power in proportion to the water evaporated, 277.
Its volume, 279.
Its quantity of heat, 279.
Its power in respect of fuel, 280.
Its expansive action, how advantageous, 280.
Combination of expansion with condensation, 285.
High-pressure, its expansive action, 288.
Examples illustrative of its mechanical force, 305

Steam engine, first mover in, 19.
Physical effects connected with, 20.
Claims to the invention of, 38.
Efficacy of, as a mechanical agent, 39.
First brought into operation by Savery, 50.
Its inefficiency, 58.
First proposed to be applied to the drainage of mines, 61.
Accidental discovery of condensation by jet, 65.
Further improvements by Humphrey Potter and Beighton, 67,
68.
Description of Papin's engine, 71.
First experiments of Watt and subsequent improvements, 73.
Dr. Black's theory of latent heat, 76.
Watt's method of condensation, 76.
Further improvements of Watt, 77.
Description of Watt's single-acting engine, 80.
The cold water pump, 86.
The hot water pump, 86.
Erection of a specimen engine at Soho, and gradual demand for them, 89.
The single-acting engine inapplicable to manufactures, 91.
The double-acting engine, 92.
Invention of the parallel motion, 95.
Introduction of the rotatory motion, 100.
The fly-wheel, 104.
The governor, 105.
The throttle valve, 105.
The eccentric, 111.
The D valve, 113.
The four-way cock, 115.
Methods for ascertaining the level of water in the boiler, 118.
The engine made to feed its own boiler, 120.
Waste of water prevented, 121.
The steam gauge, 122.
Barometer gauge, 123.
The damper, 125.
Methods proposed for preventing the waste of fuel, 128.
Mr. Brunton's furnace described, 130.
Mr. Oldham's modification of the self-regulating furnace, 132.
Improvements by Hornblower and Woolf, 134.
Description of the improvements of Mr. Cartwright, 142.
High-pressure engines, 145.
Leupold's engine described, 147.
Construction of the first high-pressure engine by Messrs. Trevithick and Vivian, 148.
First application of the steam engine to propel carriages on railroads, 151.
How applied to navigation, 242.
Marine engine; its form and arrangement, 243.
Mr. Howard's patent engine described, 253.
Mr. Hall's engine described, 248

Steam gauge, the, 122

Steam navigation, incredulity which existed respecting, 159.
The limit of its present powers, 264

Steam vessels, their average speed, 265.
Their average consumption of fuel, 265.
Proportion of their power to their tonnage, 266.
Speed of post-office packets, 268.
Iron steam vessels, 269.
American vessel called the "Cigar Boat," its great speed, 270

Stephenson's, Mr., description of an engine constructed by him, 164.
Premium awarded to this engine by the Liverpool and Manchester Railway Directors, 170.
His method of dividing the flues, 179

Stephenson and Lock, Messrs., appointed by the Directors of the Liverpool and Manchester Railroad to make reports on the merits of various railroads, 167

Sun and planet wheels, 101

Thermometer, description of, 24

Throttle valve, use of, 104

Traction, force of, on a railroad, 192

Tredgold, 70

Trevithick and Vivian, Messrs., construct the first high-pressure engine used in this country, 148

United States, steam communication with, 274

Vacuum, production of, by experiment, 37

Vapour, elastic, force of, 35

Valves, Watt's method of working the, 109

Walker and Rastrick, Messrs., apparent discrepancy of their estimated expense of locomotive power, 189

Washborough takes out a patent for Watt's invention of the rotatory motion, 100

Water, sea, injurious to marine boilers, 245.
How remedied by blowing out, 246

Watt, James, important discoveries of, 39.
His acquaintance with Dr. Robinson and first experiments on the steam engine, 73.
His subsequent improvements, 75.
His method of condensation, 76.
His first introduction of the air-pump into the steam engine, 77.
Further improvements, 78.
His difficulties, 78.
Description of his single-acting engine, 80.
His introduction to Dr. Roebuck, 88.
Erects his first engine on the estate of the Duke of Hamilton, 88.
After further improvements, obtains a patent for this engine, in conjunction with Roebuck, 88.
His difficulties owing to Dr. Roebuck's failure, and subsequent connexion with Bolton, 88.
Obtains an extension of his patent, 89.
Ingenious invention of, to determine the rate of remuneration he should receive, 89.
His invention of the parallel motion, 95.
His method for producing a rotatory motion anticipated by Washborough, who takes out a patent for it, 101.
His contrivance of the governor, 104.
His method of working the valves, 109.
His suggestion of the D valve, 113

Wood, Mr. Nicholas, 168

Woolf, Mr., his improvements in the steam engine, 134.
Obtains a patent for the double-cylinder engine, 137