  - CHAPTER I.
- PRELIMINARY MATTER.
- The Steam Engine, a Subject of popular Interest 4
- Effects of Steam 5
- Great Power of Steam 7
- Object of this Work 9
- Disputes respecting the Invention 11
- Hero of Alexandria's Machine 13
- Blasco De Garay's Proposition to propel Vessels by a Machine 16
- Solomon De Caus 17
- Giovanni Branca proposes to work Mills by Steam 22
- Marquis of Worcester 23
- Mechanical Properties of Fluids 25
- Elastic and Inelastic Fluids 25
- Elasticity of Gases 28
- Effects of Heat 29
- Application of these Principles to the Engines of Hero, De Caus, and Lord Worcester 30
- Sir Samuel Morland 34
- Denis Papin 36
- Atmospheric Pressure 38
- Weight of Air 39
- Pressure of Air 41
- Barometer 41
- Elastic Force of Air and Gases 42
- Force obtained by a Vacuum 43
- Common Pump 43
- Rarefaction by Heat 44
- Process of filling Thermometers 44
- Papin's Method of producing a Vacuum 44
- His Discovery of the Condensation of Steam 45
- Thomas Savery 47
- CHAP. II.
- ENGINES OF SAVERY AND NEWCOMEN.
- Savery's Engine 49
- Boilers and their Appendages 50
- Working Apparatus described 51
- Mode of Operation 52
- Defects of Savery's Engine 58
- Newcomen's Engine described by Papin 62
- Newcomen and Cawley obtain a Patent for Atmospheric Engine 65
- Accidental Discovery of Condensation by Injection 69
- Potter's Discovery of the Method of working the Valves 71
- His Contrivance improved by the Substitution of a Plug Frame 72
- Advantages of the Atmospheric Engine over that of Savery 72
- The Power of Savery's Engine restricted 73
- It contained no new Principle 73
- Its practical Superiority 73
- CHAP. III.
- EARLY CAREER AND DISCOVERIES
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- Single-clack Valves 227
- Double-clack Valves 228
- Conical Valves 228
- Slide Valves 229
- Murray's Slides 229
- D Valves 230
- Seaward's Slides 235
- Single Cock 238
- Two-way Cock 239
- Four-way Cock 239
- Pistons 242
- Common hemp-packed Piston 242
- Woolf's Piston 243
- Metallic Pistons 244
- Cartwright's Engine 245
- Cartwright's Piston 247
- Barton's Piston 248
- CHAP. IX.
- BOILERS AND FURNACES.
- Analysis of Coal 252
- Process of Combustion 253
- Heat evolved in it 254
- Form and Structure of Boiler 255
- Waggon Boiler 255
- Furnace 256
- Method of feeding it 257
- Combustion of Gas in Flues 260
- Williams's Patent for Method of consuming unburned Gases 260
- Construction of Grate and Ash-pit 261
- Magnitude of heating Surface of Boiler 262
- Steam-space and Water-space in Boiler 263
- Position of Flues 264
- Method of feeding Boiler 265
- Method of indicating the Level of Water in Boiler 266
- Level Gauges 266
- Self-regulating Feeders 267
- Steam Gauge 270
- Barometer Gauge 272
- Watt's Invention of the Indicator 274
- Counter 278
- Safety-valve 279
- Fusible Plugs 280
- Self-regulating Damper 281
- Brunton's Self-regulating Furnace 283
- Gross and useful Effect of an Engine 285
- Power and Duty of Engines 287
- Horse-power of Steam Engines 289
- Evaporation proportional to Horse-power 290
- Sources of Loss of Power CHAP. XIV.
- AMERICAN STEAM NAVIGATION.
- Steam Navigation first established in America 487
- Circumstances which led to it 488
- Attempts of Fitch and Rumsey to apply the single-acting Engine to the Propulsion of Vessels 489
- Stevens of Hoboken commences Experiments in Steam Navigation 489
- Experiments of Livingstone and Fulton 489
- Fulton's first Boat 490
- The Hudson navigated by Steam 491
- Extension and Improvement of River Navigation 492
- American Steamers 494
- Difference between them and European Steamers 494
- Steamers on the Hudson 494
- American Paddle-wheels 495
- Sea-going American Steamers 496
- Speed attained by American Steamers 497
- Lake Steamers 499
- The Mississippi and its Tributaries 499
- Steam-boats navigating it 500
- Their Structure and Machinery 500
- New Orleans Harbour 503
- Steam Tugs 503
- APPENDIX.
- On the Relation between the Temperature, Pressure, and Density of Common Steam.
- Empirical Formula of Biot, showing the Relation between the Pressure and Temperature 505
- Empirical formula of
- Southern 506
- Tredgold 506
- Mellet 506
- De Pambour 506
- MM. Dulong and Arago 506
- Law of the Expansion of elastic Fluids, discovered by Dalton and Gay Lussac 506
- Formula for the Relation between the Volumes and Temperatures 507
- Law of Mariotte 507
- Table of Pressures, Temperatures, Volumes, and Mechanical Effects of Steam 509
- Empirical FormulÆ for the Relation between the Volume of Water and that of the Steam produced by its Evaporation under given Pressures 511
- Formula of Navier 511
- Modified by De Pambour 511
- On the Expansive Action of Steam.
- Mechanical Effect produced during a given Extent of Expansion 511
- Mechanical Effect produced during Evaporation and subsequent Expansion 512
- Application to double-acting Engines 513
- Formula for Pressure of Steam in Cylinders 514
- Formula for total Mechanical Effect per Minute of Steam when cut off at any proposed Part of the Stroke 514
- FormulÆ exhibiting the Relation between the Resistance of the Load, the Resistances of the Engine, the Evaporation, the Speed of the Piston, and the Magnitude of the Cylinder 515
- FormulÆ showing the Relation between the Power of the Engine, the Evaporation, and the useful Load
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