Off the Coast of Maine. July.
A week ago I was fighting with mosquitoes and flies, on the head waters of the Penobscot, and now that I am upon the ocean once more, I fancy that my feelings are allied to those of an old moose that I lately saw standing in a mountain lake, with the water up to his chin. The noble river which I have mentioned, “is all my fancy painted it,” and in spite of its insect inhabitants, I shall ever remember it with pleasure.
The length of this stream, from the mouth of its bay, to where its principal branches come together, is about one hundred and forty miles; from this junction, to the fountain head of the west branch, the distance is supposed to be one hundred and fifty miles, while the east branch is probably only one hundred miles in length. Both of these streams rise in the midst of a mountain wilderness, looming above which, is old Katahden, the loftiest mountain in Maine, and elder brother to Mount Washington, in New Hampshire. This mountain is distant from Moosehead Lake only about twenty miles; but it towers into the sky so grandly, that nearly all the people who inhabit the northern part of Maine, look upon it as a familiar friend. The two branches of the Penobscot, run through a mountainous region, both of them abounding in rapids, though the west branch contains a number of picturesque falls. The soil of this region, generally speaking, is good, but remains in its original wilderness. Its stationary inhabitants are few and far between; but it gives employment to about three thousand lumbermen. They spend the winter in wielding the axe in the forests, and the spring and summer in driving down the stream logs which they have prepared for the saw-mills, which are mostly situated on the lower part of the Penobscot. Nine months in the year they labour without ceasing, but usually appropriate to themselves a three months holiday, which is the entire autumn. They are a young and powerfully built race of men, mostly New Englanders, generally unmarried, and, though rude and intemperate in their manners, are very intelligent. They seem to have a passion for their wild and toilsome life, and, judging from their dresses, I should think possess a fine eye for the comic and fantastic. The entire apparel of an individual usually consists of a pair of grey pantaloons, and two red flannel shirts, a pair of long boots, and a woollen covering for the head, and all these things are worn at one and the same time. The head-covering alluded to, when first purchased, is what might be called a hat; but the wearers invariably take particular pains to transform the article into such queer shapes, as to render it indescribable. Sometimes they take the crown and tic it in the shape of a fool’s-cap, and sometimes they trim the rims with a jack-knife, into many different fashions. Their wages vary from twenty to thirty dollars per month; and they are chiefly employed by the lumber merchants of Bangor, who furnish them with necessary supplies.
The Penobscot, I suppose, is unquestionably the most fruitful lumber river in the United States, and its pine and hemlock forests seem yet to be inexhaustible. And the State of Maine is indebted to the lumber business for many of its beautiful cities and towns.
From the Forks of the Penobscot to Bangor, the distance is about sixty miles. This portion of the river is about a quarter of a mile wide. The banks are rather low and level, and somewhat cultivated. The water is deep and clear, and the current strong. Generally speaking, the scenery of the river is not remarkable, and were it not for its numerous islands, it might be considered tame, by the lover of a mountain land. The islands alluded to, however, are exceedingly beautiful. Covered as they are with venerable elms, and containing no underbrush, but a continuous plot of green, they have all the appearance of cultivated parks. The stage-route, from Woodstock, after reaching the Penobscot, continues along the eastern bank, and as the coaches are comfortable, and the horses good, the ride is very pleasant. The principal village, of which there are four, is Old Town. It is a busy little place, and the present termination of a railroad from Bangor, which is twelve miles distant. Directly opposite Old Town is a small island, where reside a remnant of the Penobscot Indians. They number some four hundred souls, and are just sufficiently civilized to lead a very miserable sort of life.
I come now to speak of Bangor. It is a well-built and handsome city, eighty miles from the ocean, and contains about eight thousand inhabitants. It is at the head of tide water navigation, and has a good harbour, where I counted from one point near two hundred sails. The principal article of trade is lumber, which is distinguished for its good qualities. All the heaviest merchants are engaged in the lumber trade, and almost every body deals in it to a limited extent. A few thousand shingles will pay your tailor for a coat, a few loads of plank will settle your account with the butcher, and bundles of clap-boards are gladly received by the grocer, in exchange for his tea and sugar.
With the people of Bangor I was much pleased. Their manners and habits are stamped with the true New England character, they mind their own business, and are distinguished for their intelligence, virtue, and hospitality. When I reached this place, my beard was more than half as long as that of the Wandering Jew; and it took me nearly a whole day to forget the bad French which I had acquired in Canada and New Brunswick, and transform myself into the semblance of a civilized man. I had been in the woods for so long a time, that I seized the first paper I saw to find out whether I had forgotten to read. You may readily imagine, therefore, what a refreshing effect the appearance and conversation of intelligent people had upon my feelings. But the class of citizens who made the deepest impression upon me, were the children of Bangor. I met them at every corner, and heard their happy voices in every dwelling, and a more perfectly beautiful race of creatures, I never before saw in any city.
The distance from Bangor to the ocean is eighty miles. For twenty miles the river averages three quarters of a mile in width, when it gradually widens into an expansive bay or gulf. The water is deep, always covered with vessels, and abounds with salmon, which are only taken with the net. The shores are hilly, and well-cultivated, and the towns of Bucksport, Frankfort, Belfast and Thomaston, as you pass them, present each a thriving and pleasant appearance.
