INDEX OF SUBJECTS.

Previous
George Martin Lane

THE REFERENCES ARE TO SECTIONS.

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y

A

Abbreviations,

C. for Gaius, 20;

Cn. for Gnaeus, 20;

?. for Gaia, 20;

K. for Kalendae, 20.

Ability,

verbal expressions of, in indic. with infin., 1495, 1496;

in impf. indic., 1497;

in conditional periods, 2074, 2101;

words of, with gerundive construction, 2254.

Ablative case,

defined, 419;

sing., how formed, 425, 426;

plur., how formed, 428;

lacking, see Defective;

of words in -tu- (-su-), 235, 430.

-a- stems, in -ad, 426, 443;

in -eis, 440, 443;

in -ais and -eis, 441;

in -is for iis, 440;

in -abus, 442;

inscriptional forms, 443;

Greek nouns, 444, 445.

-o- stems, in -od, 426, 465;

in -ais, -eis, -ois, 458;

in -obus, 464;

inscriptional forms, 465;

Greek nouns, 466.

Consonant stems, for -e-, no certain evidence is cited, 502;

substs., in -i and -ei, 502, 507;

adjs., in -i, 503, 622, 626;

in -id, 426, 507;

inscriptional forms, 507;

Greek nouns, 508-512.

-i- stems, substs., in -i, -e, 552-558, 561, 517-527, 531;

adjs., in -i, -e, 558-561, 525-537, 634-636;

adjs., in -i alone, 559, 629;

pres. part., in -i, -e, 560, 633;

inscriptional forms, 564;

Greek nouns, 565.

-u- stems, in -uo (-ud), 593;

in -ubus, 592;

inscriptional forms, 593.

Pronouns, peculiar and inscriptional forms, of ego, tu, sui, 648, 650, 651;

of meus, tuus, suus, 653-655;

of hic, 663-665;

of ille, iste, 667, 668;

of illic, istic, 670;

of is, 673, 674;

of idem, 677, 678;

of ipse, 680;

of qui, quis, 688-690;

of aliquis, &c., 692.

Uses of, 1296-1400;

general, 1296-1301;

meaning of, 1297, 1299, 1300;

as adv., 703-707, 1376;

combined with acc., 1199, 1303.

Ablative proper, 1297, 1302-1330;

attached to subst., 1301, 1313, 1314;

of separation, want, departure, 1302-1306, 1293, 1294;

denoting place from which, with town and island names, 1307-1310;

denoting origin and place from which, with country names, 1309, 1310;

in dates, 1307;

domo, rure, humo, 1311;

of source, stuff, or material, 1312-1315;

of the doer of an action, 1318, 1319, 1476, 1477, 2243;

of cause, influence, or motive, 1316-1319;

with facio and sum, denoting that with which or to which something is done, 1315;

causa, gratia, &c., 1257, 1317;

denoting person, equivalent to abstract, 1319;

of comparison, 1320-1330;

with alter, alius, 1323;

with compar. advs., 1327;

in expressions of age, 1329;

opinione, exspectatione, spe, 1330;

amplius, longius, plus, minus, 1328, 1329;

with judicial verbs, 1280-1282.

Locative ablative, 1299, 1331-1355;

attached to subst., 1301, 1331;

in dates, 1307, 1331;

domi, ruri, humi, orbi, 1337;

belli, militiae, 1338;

joined with loc. adv., 1340;

of place where, with town and island names, 1331-1335, 1342, 1343;

of place where, with forum, urbs, oppidum, &c., 1332, 1333;

of place where, with other appellatives, 1344, 1347;

of place where, with country names, 1336, 1347;

with teneo, recipio, &c., 1348;

with fido, confido, glorior, laetor, nitor, sto, fretus, 1349;

of time at which, 1341, 1350, 1351;

of time within which, 1352-1354;

of time during which, 1355.

Instrumental ablative 1300, 1356-1399;

of accompaniment, 1356, 1357;

with iunctus, coniunctus, 1357;

of manner, 1358-1361;

absolute, 1362-1374, see also 1533, 1900, 2110, 2121;

of quality, 1375;

of the route taken, 1376;

of instrument or means, 1377-1384, 1476, 1477;

with fruor, fungor, potior, utor, vescor, usus est, opus est, 1379-1384;

of specification, 1385;

with verbs of fulness, 1386;

with adjs. of fulness, 1387;

of measure, exchange, price, 1388-1392;

with dignus, indignus, &c., 1392;

of amount of difference, 1393-1399, 1153, 1154, 1459;

of time before or after which, 1394, 1154;

with absum and disto, 1153;

of intervallum and spatium in designations of distance, 1399;

of persons, instead of abl. with ab, 1477.

Combined with other abls. in same sentence, 1400;

with in and sub after verbs of rest, 1423;

with in after verbs of motion, 1424;

of gerundive construction and gerund, 2265-2268;

supine in -u as, 235, 2269, 2277.

Abounding,

verbs of, with gen., 1293;

with abl., 1386;

adjs. of, with gen., 1263, 1264;

with abl., 1387.

Abridgement,

of sentences, 1057, 2111.

Abstaining,

verbs of, with gen., 1294;

with abl., 1302-1306, 1294;

with quin, 1986.

Abstract,

substs., defined, 7;

plur. of, 416, 1109;

subst. suffixes denoting quality, 246-264;

adj. suffixes denoting quality, 281-297;

suffixes denoting action, 212-237, 249, 285;

abstract in rel. sentence instead of in main sentence, 1800.

Acatalectic verse,

defined, 2537.

Accent,

general rules of, 84-91;

in gen. and voc. of -o- decl., 87;

on final syllable, 88;

marks of, 29, 3; 30; 85;

of proclitics and enclitics, 92-94;

of preps., 92;

of rel. and indef. prons., 92;

of compounds of facio, 394;

in verse, 2548.

Accentual,

verse, 2548;

verse, in carmina, 2549;

theory of the Saturnian, 2553.

Accompaniment,

abl. of, 1356, 1357.

Accomplishing,

verbs of, with subjv., 1579, 1712;

with purpose clause, 1951;

with result clause, 1955, 1965;

with acc. and infin., 2196.

Accusative case,

defined, 419;

sing., of neut. nouns, how formed, 423;

plur., of neut. nouns, how formed, 423;

sing. and plur., of gender nouns, how formed, 424;

lacking, see Defective;

ending in d, 149.

-a- stems, in -am, 436;

inscriptional forms, 443;

Greek nouns, 444, 445.

-o- stems, in -om and -um, 452;

in -a-, 130, 2; 461;

inscriptional forms, 465;

Greek nouns, 466.

Consonant stems, in -is, 505, 507, 622;

inscriptional forms, 507;

Greek nouns, 508-512.

-i- stems, in -im, -em, 547-551, 517-525;

inscriptional forms, 564;

Greek nouns, 565.

-u- stems, inscriptional forms, 593.

Adverbs from, 699-702, 549, 1156.

Pronouns, peculiar and inscriptional forms, of ego, tu, sui, 648, 650, 651;

of meus, tuus, suus, 653-655;

of hic, 663-665;

of ille, iste, 667;

of illic, istic, 670;

of is, 673;

of idem, 677;

of ipse, 680.

Uses of, 1124-1174;

general, 1124-1131.

Of the object, 1132-1150;

with compounds of ad, circum, ex, in, ob, per, prae, praeter, trans, 1137;

double, with verbs compounded with preps., 1138, 1198;

with verbs of feeling, commonly intrans., 1139;

emphasizing or defining, 1140-1146, 1173, 1475;

of kindred derivation with verb, 1140, 1173;

of kindred meaning with verb, 1141;

neut., of adj., with verb, 1142;

with verbs of smelling and tasting, 1143;

neut., of pron., with verbal expression, 1144, 1840, 1851;

of appellative, used adverbially, 1145;

attached to subst., 1129, 1146;

of part concerned, 1147;

of thing put on or off, 1148;

of exclamation, 1149, 1150, 2112;

with verb not expressed, 1150.

Of space and time, 1151-1156, 1475;

with abhinc, 1154;

with ordinals, 1155;

expressing ‘time at which,’ 1156;

of aim of motion, 1157-1166;

of end of motion with in and sub, 1423;

with verbs of rest, 1424;

with names of towns, islands, peninsulas, 1157-1160;

with names of countries, 1161;

with appellatives, 1159, 1161;

domum, rus, foras, 1162-1164;

exsequias, infitias, malam crucem, malam rem, 1165.

Two accusatives combined, 1167-1174;

of obj. and pred., 1167, 1168;

with verbs of teaching, hiding, demanding, questioning, 1169-1171;

with verbs of wishing, reminding, inducing, accusing, 1172;

defining acc. and acc. of person, 1173;

acc. of extent or duration or aim of motion and acc. of object, 1174.

With verbs otherwise taking dat., 1184, 1185;

with compounds of verbs of intrans. use, 1191;

combined with dat. or abl., 1199, 1303;

with propior, proximus, prope, &c., 1201;

with nomen do, &c., 1214;

pred., instead of dat., 1221, 1224;

with prep., instead of objective gen., 1261;

with verbs of remembering and forgetting, 1288;

with verbs of reminding, 1291;

with per, to express instrument, 1378;

with abutor, fungor, fruor, perfruor, potior, 1380;

with opus est, 1383;

with usus est, 1384;

with post and ante in expressions of time, 1394-1397;

of extent, with verbs of surpassing, 1398;

with comparatives, 1398;

with preps., see Prepositions.

With infin., 1134, 2172-2203, 2312, 2313, 2321, 2330-2334;

infin. as subst. acc., 2204-2206;

acc. subj. of infin. omitted, 2183;

pred. noun referring to unexpressed subj. of infin. in, 2213;

use of reflexive pron. in construction of acc. with infin., 2338-2340;

obj. of gerundive, 2247;

acc. of gerundive and gerund, use of, 2250-2253, 2243;

obj. of gerund, 2242, 2255, 2259, 2265;

supine in -um as, 235, 1166, 2269;

following supine in -um, 2272.

Accusing,

verbs of, with two accusatives, 1172;

with gen., 1280-1282;

with abl., 1280-1282;

with quod, 1852;

with cur, 1852;

with acc. and infin., 2185.

Acquitting,

verbs of, with two accusatives, 1172;

with gen., 1280-1282;

with abl., 1280-1282.

Action,

suffixes denoting, 212-237, 249, 285;

words denoting, range of meaning of, 213.

Conceivable, subjv. of, in simple sentence, 1554-1562;

in subordinate sentence, 1731;

in rel. characteristic or result sentences, 1818;

in quam sentences, 1888;

in quamquam sentences, 1901;

in sentences of result with ut, 1947;

in sentences of purpose with ut, 1962;

in sentences with quando, 2010;

tense of, in subordinate sentence, 1753.

Congruent and coincident, 1733;

coincident, introduced by quod, quia, 1850;

introduced by qui, 1826;

introduced by cum, 1874.

Repeated, subjv. of, 1730;

non-occurrent, tense of, in subordinate sentence, 1753;

defined, 2024;

treated, 2091-2108, see Conditional;

pres., &c., see Present, &c.;

continued, see Continued.

Active voice,

defined, 723, 1469;

pereo, veneo, fio, meaning of, 1471;

of coepi and desino, 1483;

perf. partic. with force of, 907, 1485;

deponents having, 1488, 1489;

deponents having pres. system in, 1488;

changed to pass., 1472-1480.

Adjectives,

defined, 8;

iambic shortening of the endings of, 129, 130;

used substantively, with -e, -i in abl. sing., 558, 561, 631;

pres. partic. used as, with -i in abl. sing., 560, 633;

formation of, 180-203;

roots and stems, 183-198;

without formative suffix, 195, 198, 199;

with formative suffix, 195-198, 200-203.

Suffixes of, 280-360;

primitive, with act. meaning, 281-290, 293, 294, 296;

primitive, with pass. meaning, 291-297, 282, 283, 305;

denominative, 298-360, 287;

of material or resemblance, 299-301;

of appurtenance, 302-330;

of supply, 331-338;

diminutive, 339, 340;

of the compar., 342-348;

of the superl., 342-345, 349-352;

comparison of, see Comparison.

Compound, formation and meaning of, 379-390, see Composition;

inflection of, 398-643, see Gender, Number, Case, Declension;

of ‘one,’ ‘two,’ ‘three’ endings, 611.

Agreement of, 1082-1098;

used substantively, 1099-1104, 1106, 1093, 1203, 1250;

with acc. appended, 1130;

neut. acc. of, denoting manner, 1142;

pred., with verbs of making, choosing, naming, &c., 1167;

with dat., 1183, 1200-1204;

with acc., 1201;

with acc. and prep., 1201;

with gen., 1202-1204, 1238, 1245, 1263-1270;

with abl., 1202, 1306;

with loc., 1339;

instead of gen., 1233, 1262;

compar., with abl. or with quam, 1320-1330;

prepositional expressions equivalent to, 1428;

two adjs. compared, 1457;

explanatory, put in rel. sentence, 1810;

rel. sentence coordinated with, 1820;

quamquam with, 1900;

quamvis with, 1903;

infin. with, 2166;

gerundive used as, 2248, 2249;

with acc. of gerundive construction or gerund, 2252;

with dat. of gerundive construction, 2254;

with gen. of gerundive construction or gerund, 2258;

with supine in -u, 2274;

partic. as, 2283, 2284;

adj. relatives, see Relative;

pred., see Predicate;

attributive, see Attributive;

numeral, see Numeral adjectives.

Adjunct,

adverbial, defined, 1053.

Admiring,

verbs of, with gen., 1286.

Adonic,

the, 2655-2657.

Advantage,

dat. of, 1178, 1205-1210.

Adverbial,

adjunct, defined, 1053;

acc., 1140-1146;

ablatives, iure, ratione, &c., 1358.

Adverbs,

defined, 10, 696;

diminutives of, 341;

comparison of, 361-364;

compounded with nouns or noun stems, 382, 383, 385;

compounded with verbs, 396;

in -im, 549, 700, 710;

origin of, 696-710, 712;

from acc., 699-702, 549, 1156;

from abl., 703-707;

from loc., 708, 709, 1340;

from prons., 706, 710;

from adjs., 701, 702, 704, 705;

from partic., 704, 1372;

denoting route by which, 707, 1376;

of manner, 700, 704, 710;

of place at which, 708, 709;

of place to which, 710;

of place from which, 710;

sentences as, 712;

correlative, 711, 1831;

adjs. used with force of, 1142-1146.

With gen., 1242, 1248, 1253, 1254;

acc. of appellative used as, 1145;

compar., followed by abl. or quam, 1327-1330;

development into preps., 696, 1402-1404;

preps. with force of, 1407, 1408, 1432;

words used as preps. and advs., 1412-1416, 1421;

prepositional expressions equivalent to, 1428;

function of, 1438;

with meaning of adj., 1439;

with partic. used as substs., 1440;

with substs., 1441;

used in place of substs., 1442;

use of neg. advs., 1443-1453;

neg. advs., two in one sentence, 1452, 1453;

two advs., compared, 1457;

used as connectives, 1687-1692, 2133-2159;

postpositive, 1688;

subordinate sentences as, 1715;

quo, unde, &c., in place of rel. pron. with prep., 1793;

indef. rel., introducing indic., 1814;

numeral, 2404, 2405;

numeral, forms in -iens, -ies, 2414.

Adversative,

words, use of, 1676-1686, 2131, 2150-2153.

Advising,

verbs of, case with, 1181-1185;

with purpose clause, 1950.

Affirmative,

expressed by two negatives, 1452;

answer, expected with -ne, -n, 1504;

answer, expected with nonne, 1506;

answer, expected with num, 1507;

answer, how expressed, 1511, 1512;

meaning of haud scio an, &c., 1782;

coordination, 2159;

sentence, aliquis in, 2390;

sentence, quivis, quilibet, utervis, uterlibet in, 2401.

Agent,

suffixes denoting, 204-211;

of action, see Doer.

Agreement,

of subst., 1077-1081;

of mobile substs., 1078;

explaining two or more substs., 1079;

collective or distributive, explaining plur., 1080;

in apposition with thought or clause, 1081.

Of adjective, 1082-1098;

with persons or things implied in subst., 1083;

attributive, with one of several substs., 1084;

attributive, sing. with plur. subst., 1085;

with combined adj. and subst., 1086;

pred., with substs. denoting persons, 1088;

with substs. denoting things, 1089;

with substs. denoting persons and things, 1090;

with nearest subst., 1091;

absente nobis, 1092;

neut. adj. used as subst. in pred., 1093.

Of verb, 1062-1076, 1080, 1807;

in plur. with several sing. subjs., 1064, 1065;

in sing. with several sing. subjs., 1066, 1067;

with mixed subjs., sing. and plur., 1068;

with sing. subj. and abl. with cum, 1069;

when subjs. are connected by nec . . . nec, aut, aut ... aut, 1070;

with collectives, 1071;

agreeing with appositive or pred. subst., 1072;

when subjs. are of different pers., 1076;

agreeing with subst. introduced by quam, &c., 1073;

age, &c., 1075;

agreeing in pers. with antec. of rel. or implied antec., 1807.

Of pronouns, demonstrative, determinative, rel., 1093-1098, 1801-1811;

agreement determined by sense, 1095, 1804;

with several substs., 1096, 1803;

agreeing with pred. subst., 1097, 1806;

in agreement, equivalent to gen., 1098.

Aim,

of motion, denoted by acc., 1157-1166;

of motion, acc. of, combined with a second acc., 1174;

verbs of, with purpose clause, 1949.

Alcaic,

strophe, 2545;

the nine-syllabled, 2642;

the lesser (decasyllabic), 2663;

the greater (hendecasyllabic), 2667, 2668;

in Horace, 2736.

Alcmanian,

verse, 2577;

strophe, 2724.

Alphabet,

treated, 16-29;

source of, 18;

changes in, 17, 19, 21, 25;

letters of, gender, 412;

see Pronunciation.

Amphibrach, 2522.

Anaclasis, 2711.

Anacrusis, 2529, 2530.

Analogical lengthening, 123.

Anapaest,

defined, 2521;

cyclic, 2523.

Anapaestic,

rhythms, 2682-2690;

tetrameter acatalectic, 2684, 2685;

tetrameter catalectic, 2686;

dimeter acatalectic, 2687;

dimeter catalectic, 2688, 2689.

Anaphora, 1692.

Anaptyctical vowel, 172; 111, b.

Annalistic present, 1591.

Answers,

forms of expected, 1504-1510, 1563;

yes and no, how expressed, 1511-1514;

of alternative questions, how expressed, 1525.

Antecedent,

defined, 1796;

position of, 1796-1798;

omitted, 1798, 1799;

indef., 1799;

implied in possess., 1807;

rules for agreement of rel. with, 1082-1098, 1801-1811;

see also Relative.

Antepenult,

defined, 175;

when accented, 86, 2.

Antibacchius, 2522.

Antispast, 2522.

Antitheses,

asyndeton in, 1640.

Anxiety,

expressions of, with ut, ne clauses, 1957, 1958.

Apex, 29, 3.

Aphaeresis, 110, 112, 168.

Apocope, 110, 113, 168.

Apodosis,

defined, 1061;

fut. perf. in, coincident in time with fut. perf. in prot., 1627;

with tam, non minus, non magis, aeque, perinde, iuxta, 1889, 1890;

correlative lacking in, 1890;

see Conditional, Relative, Conjunctive.

Appeal,

questions of, in pres. indic., 1531;

in fut., 1531, 1623;

in subjv., 1563;

in subordinate sentence, 1731;

tense of, in subordinate sentence, 1753;

in indirect question, 1786;

in ind. disc., 2313, 2314.

Accusative in, 1150.

Appellatives,

defined, 5;

in acc. with expressions of motion, 1161;

loc. of, 1337-1341;

used without prep. to denote place where, 1344-1347;

used with prep. to denote place where, 1347.

Appointing,

see Making.

Appositive,

defined, 1045;

verb agreeing with, 1072;

agreement of, 1077-1081;

to a thought or clause, 1081;

with loc., 1333, 1340, 1341;

gen. as, with possess. pron., 1235;

gen. used for, 1256;

dat. used for, 1213;

to a rel., 1809;

sentence with quod as, 1845;

infin. as subst. acc. in apposition, 2204;

infin. as subst. nom. in apposition, 2207;

appositive partic., 2293-2296.

Appurtenance,

adj. suffixes denoting, 302-330.

Archilochian,

verse, 2578-2580;

the lesser, 2579;

the greater, 2677;

strophe, in Horace, 2725-2728.

Aristophanic, 2658.

Arsis, 2520.

Ascending rhythms, 2528.

Asclepiadean,

the lesser, 2669;

the greater, 2670;

in Horace, 2729-2733.

Asking,

verbs of, with two accusatives, 1169-1171;

with acc. and prepositional phrase, 1170;

with indirect question, 1774;

with gerundive construction, 2250.

Asseverations,

pres. subjv. in, 1542;

fut. in, 1622;

ita . . . ut in, 1542, 1622, 1937;

expressed by nam, 2155.

Assimilation,

of vowels, 144;

of consonants, 163-166;

subjv. of, 1728;

subjv. of, sequence of tenses in, 1770-1772.

Assumption,

expressed by subjv. of desire, 1553;

expressed by fut., 1620.

Asynartetic verses, 2535.

Asyndetic,

coordination, defined, 1637;

in simple sentences, 1638-1642;

between sentences or periods, 2123-2127.

Asyndeton,

enumerative, 2126;

of summary, 2127;

see Asyndetic.

Atonic syllable, 102.

Attraction,

of verb, subst., adj., pron., partic., see Agreement,

subjv. of, 1728;

sequence of tenses in, 1770-1772;

in cum sentences, 1859;

in quoniam sentences, 1882-1884;

in quam sentences, 1888;

in quamquam sentences, 1901;

in sentences with postquam, ubi?, ut, &c., 1924;

with dum, donec, quoad, quamdiu, 1994.

Attribute,

defined, 1039;

kinds of, 1040-1043;

attached to proper name, 1044;

with loc., 1332, 1333;

with domum, domos, 1164.

Attributive,

subst., agreement of, 1077-1081;

adj., agreement of, 1082-1098, see Agreement;

subordinate sentence as, 1715;

use of antequam, 1920;

gerundive, 2248, 2249;

partic., 2282-2286.

Avoiding,

verbs of, with ne and subjv., 1960.

B

Bacchiac rhythms, 2698-2706.

Bacchius, 2521.

Begin,

verbs meaning, with infin., 2169.

Believing,

verbs of, with dat., 1181, 1182.

Benefiting,

verbs of, case with, 1205-1210.

Birth,

place of, in abl., 1309;

verbs of, with abl., 1312.

Blaming,

verbs of, used with quod, 1852.

Books,

pres. used in, 1592;

see Titles.

Brachycatalectic verse, 2538.

Bucolic diaeresis, 2559.

Buying,

verbs of, with gen., 1274;

with abl., 1388-1392.

C

Caesura, 2542-2544;

hiatus in, 2477;

masculine and feminine, 2557;

after the third trochee, 2558.

Calling,

verbs of, with two accusatives, 1167;

with indef. subj., 1033.

Can,

verbs meaning, with infin., 2169.

Capability,

suffixes denoting, 284, 292-294.

Capable,

adjs. meaning, with gerundive construction or gerund, 2252.

Cardinal numerals,

decl. of, 637-642, 431;

list of, 2404, 2405;

some forms of, 2415-2418;

in dates, 2419;

in combination with singuli, 2420.

Case,

endings, function of, 398;

endings, lacking in prons., 645;

the cases, defined, 419, 420;

oblique cases, defined, 419;

nouns, defective in, see Defective;

rules for formation of the cases of nouns, general, 422-428;

in -a- stems, 436-443;

in -o- stems, 452-465;

in cons. stems, 495-507;

in -i- stems, 540-564;

in -u- stems, 590-595;

in -e- stems, 602-607;

principal and secondary cases, 1111, 1112;

see Agreement, Nominative, &c., Prepositions.

Catalectic verse,

defined, 2537;

in syllabam, &c., 2539.

Catalexis, 2537.

Catullus,

lyric strophes of, 2738.

Causal,

sentences, defined, 1716;

mood in, 1721;

subjv. of ind. disc. and attraction in, 1722, 2319;

tense of, after secondary, 1756;

words, use of, 2133, 2154-2158;

see Cause.

Causative,

verbs, 368;

use of verb, 2304.

Cause,

gen. of, 1232-1238;

abl. of, 1316-1319;

expressed by abl. abs., 1317, 1367;

coordinated member denoting, 1703;

rel. sentences of, 1824-1830;

expressed by sentence with quod, quia, 1838-1858;

expressed by sentence with cum, 1859, 1874-1880;

expressed by sentence with quoniam, 1882, 1884;

expressed by sentence with postquam, ubi?, ut, &c., 1926, 1930;

expressed by sentence with dum, 1998;

expressed by sentence with quando, quandoque, 2010, 2013, 2014;

expressed by abl. of gerundive construction or gerund, 2266;

expressed by partic., 2295, 1317;

otherwise expressed, 1317.

Cease,

verbs meaning, with infin., 2169.

Change,

in characters of alphabet, 17, 19, 21, 25;

in sound of vowels, 95-145;

in sound of diphthongs, 95-101;

in sound of consonants, 146-174;

see Substitution, Development, Disappearance, Assimilation, Dissimilation, Interchange, Lengthening, Shortening, Weakening, Hiatus, Contraction, Elision, Affinities.

Characteristic,

rel. sentences of, 1818-1823.

Charge,

gen. of, 1280-1282.

Choliambus, 2597-2600.

Choosing,

verbs of, with two accusatives, 1167;

with pred. abl., 1363.

Choriambic rhythms, 2707.

Choriambus, 2521.

Circumflex accent, 174-177.

Circumstances,

expressed by abl. abs., 1362, 1365;

by abl. of gerundive construction or gerund, 2266.

Cities,

see Towns.

Claudus,

trochaic tetrameter, 2639-2641.

Clause,

defined, 1055;

subst. in apposition to, 1081;

see Sentence, Subordinate.

Clausula, 2536.

Climax,

asyndeton in, 1639;

introduced by vero, 1684.

Cognate,

see Kindred.

Coincident action,

defined, 1733;

introduced by qui, 1826;

introduced by quod, quia, 1850;

introduced by cum, 1864, 1874;

introduced by dum, 1998.

Collectives,

defined, 6;

suffixes forming, 228, 249;

with sing. and plur. verb, 1071, 1080;

with plur. subst., 1080;

words denoting person used as, 1099;

used in abl. with ab, 1477.

Colon, 2532.

Combination,

of sentences, 1055;

of substs. by a prep., 1426-1428;

of different copulatives, 1662-1666.

Command,

acc. in, 1150;

intimated by question, 1531;

expressed by subjv., 1547-1552;

expressed by imper., 1571-1586;

accompanied by voc. or voc. nom., 1571;

expressed by fut., 1624;

introduced by proinde, proin, 2157;

verbs of, case with, 1181-1185;

subjv. coordinated with verbs of, 1708;

verbs of, with purpose clause, 1950;

verbs of, with acc. and infin., 2200-2202.

Common,

names, defined, 5;

quantity, definition and sign of, 30;

gender, nouns of, 410.

Comparative,

of adjectives, diminutive formed from stem of, 340;

formed from stems and roots, 342;

stem of, 346, 470;

suffixes of, 346-348;

doubled suffix of, 348;

lacking, 358, 360;

formed by magis, 360;

declension and case forms of, 621-623, 503, 505, 507;

used as adverbs, 701;

of adverbs, ending of, 361, 363, 364;

lacking, 364.

Use of, 1455-1464;

general function of, 1455;

used in comparison of adjs. and advs., 1457, 1458;

combined with a positive, 1458;

modified by abl. of difference, 1393, 1459;

modified by acc., 1398;

expressing disproportion, 1460, 1461;

in neg. sentence, for superl., 1462;

emphasized by magis, 1463;

modified by aeque, 1463;

with abl., for positive, 1464;

strengthening a superl., 1468;

agreeing with a rel., 1810;

followed by quam, quam ut, quam qui, 1896;

quo of purpose with, 1974;

followed by quasi, 2122;

followed by abl. of gerundive construction, 2268;

double, with quam . . . tam, 1893;

with quanto . . . tanto, 1973.

Sentence, defined, 1716;

with ut, coordinated member equivalent to, 1704;

quisquam and ullus in, 2402;

period of equality, tam . . . quam, &c. in, 1889, 1895;

of inequality, 1894;

with quo and eo, 1973.

Comparison,

of adjs., 342-360;

in -ior, issimus, 343;

of adjs. in -ilis, 345, 359;

of adjs. in -er, 344;

with superl. in -rimus, 344, 350;

with superl. in -limus, 345, 350;

with superl. in -timus, 351;

with superl. in -mus or -imus, 352;

with compar. in -eri or -er, 347, 348;

with compar. and superl. from different forms of same stem or from different stems, 353-355;

without positive, 356, 357;

without compar., 358;

without superl., 359;

with magis and maxime, 360;

not admitted, 360.

Of adverbs, 361-364;

with superl. in -ed, 362;

with superl. in -o or -um, 362;

without positive, 363;

without compar., 364;

without superl., 364.

Of participles, 2284.

Use of degrees of, 1454-1468, see Positive, Comparative, Superlative.

Ablative of, 1320-1330;

atque, et in, 1653, 1654;

periods of, with quam, 1888-1898;

with tamquam, 1908-1910;

conditional periods of, 2117-2122.

Compensation, 121.

Complement,

the essential, defined, 1177;

the essential, uses of, 1180-1204;

the optional, defined, 1178;

the optional, uses of, 1205-1218;

see Dative.

Complementary,

dat., see Dative;

final clauses, 1948-1960;

consecutive clauses, 1948, 1965-1969;

infin., 2168-2171, 2223-2225, 1953.

Completed,

action, tenses of, 1603, 1605, 1614, 1626, 2218.

Complex,

sentence, defined, 1058;

varieties of, 1058-1061;

treated, 1714-2122, see Sentence.

Composition,

treated, 376-396;

of nouns, 379-390;

real compounds, 379-385;

apparent compounds, 386-390;

of verbs, 391-396;

real compounds, 391, 392, 790;

apparent compounds, 393-396, 790;

verb with verb, 394;

subst. with verb, 395;

adv. with verb, 396;

of partic., 2284.

Compound,

words, defined, 181;

containing mute or f followed by l or r, 178;

direct, defined, 377;

indirect, defined, 377;

real, defined, 378;

apparent, defined, 378;

determinative, defined, 382-384;

objective, defined, 384;

possess., defined, 385;

compound formative suffixes, defined, 200;

compound verbs, with stem differing from simple, 821-823;

perf. of, 823;

reduplication in, 860, 861;

forms of, 922-1020;

cases with, 1137, 1138, 1187, 1191, 1194-1199, 1209;

formation of, 1402-1409;

compound sentence, defined, 1056;

abridged, 1057;

treated, 1636-1713;

see Sentence, Composition.

Compounds,

of dic, duc, accent of, 88;

of roots fac-, ag-, cap-, 370;

of facio, accent of, 394;

of facio, form of, 394;

in -cola and -gena, gen. plur. of, 439;

in -fer and -ger, decl. of, 454, 616;

of do, 756, 757;

of eo, 763-767;

of edo, 771;

in -fio and -ficior, 790;

of duco, imper. of, 846;

of ne, 1444, 1445;

changes within, 174.

Conative,

use of verb, 2301-2303.

Conceivable,

action, subjv. of, in main sentence, 1554-1562;

in subordinate sentence, 1731;

tense of, in subordinate sentence, 1753;

in rel. characteristic or result sentences, 1818;

in quam sentences, 1888, 1896;

in quamquam sentences, 1901;

in sentences of result with ut, 1947;

in sentences of purpose with ut, 1962;

with dum, donec, quoad, quamdiu, 1994;

in sentences with quando, 2010.

Concession,

expressed by abl. abs., 1367;

expressed by subjv. of desire, 1553;

expressed by imper., 1571;

expressed by fut., 1620;

coordinated member equivalent to clause of, 1702, 1710;

rel. sentences of, 1824-1830;

expressed by sentence with quod, 1843;

expressed by sentence with quamquam, 1900;

expressed by sentence with quamvis, 1904;

expressed by sentence with quamlibet, 1907;

expressed by sentence with ut, ne, 1963;

expressed by sentence with etsi, tametsi, &c., 2116;

expressed by partic., 2295;

ille (quidem), hic, is, iste in, 2361.

Concessive,

sentences, defined, 1716;

tense of, after secondary, 1756;

cum, 1876-1880;

ut . . . ita, sic, 1938;

protases, 2116;

conjunctions and advs., use of, 2133, 2150-2153.

Conclusion,

introduced by ergo, itaque, igitur, 2158;

see Conditional.

Concrete,

substs., defined, 5.

Condemning,

verbs of, with gen., 1280-1282;

with abl., 1280-1282;

with quod, 1852.

Conditional,

sentences, defined, 1716;

subjv. of ind. disc. and attraction in, 1722;

subjv. of repeated action in, 1730;

wish in form of, with si, o si, 1546;

unchanged after primary tense, 1753;

with si, si forte, for indirect question, 1777;

rel. sentences equivalent to, 1812;

cum sentences equivalent to, 1859;

expressed by ut, ne . . . sic, proviso, 1964.

Periods, 2016-2021;

development of, 2016;

words introducing prot., 2019-2021;

classes of, 2022-2024.

Indeterminate protases, 2025-2090;

indic. use, 2025-2071.

Present indicative in prot., 2026-2033;

with apod. in pres. indic., 2026;

with apod. in perf. indic., 2027;

with apod. in impf. indic., 2028;

with apod. in plup. indic., 2029;

with apod. in fut., 2030;

with apod. in fut. perf., 2031;

with apod. in imper., 2032;

with apod. in pres. subjv., 2033.

Perfect indicative in prot., 2034-2041;

with apod. in pres. indic., 2034;

with apod. in perf. indic., 2035;

with apod. in plup. indic., 2036;

with apod. in fut., 2037;

with apod. in imper., 2038;

with apod. in pres. subjv., 2039;

with apod. in impf. subjv., 2040;

with apod. in plup. subjv., 2041.

Imperfect indicative in prot., 2042-2047;

with apod. in pres. indic., 2042;

with apod. in perf. indic., 2043;

with apod. in impf. indic., 2044;

with apod. in fut., 2045;

with apod. in pres. subjv., 2046;

with apod. in impf. subjv., 2047.

Pluperfect indicative in prot., 2048-2051;

with apod. in pres. indic., 2048;

with apod. in perf. indic., 2049;

with apod. in impf. indic., 2050;

with apod. in impf. subjv., 2051.

Future in prot., 2052-2058;

with apod. in pres. indic., 2052;

with apod. in perf. indic., 2053;

with apod. in fut., 2054;

with apod. in fut. perf., 2055;

with apod. in imper., 2056;

with apod. in pres. subjv., 2057;

with apod. in perf. subjv., 2058.

Future perfect in prot., 2059-2064;

with apod. in pres. indic., 2059;

with apod. in perf. indic., 2060;

with apod. in fut., 2061;

with apod. in fut. perf., 2062;

with apod. in imper., 2063;

with apod. in pres. subjv., 2064.

General, 2034, 2035, 2044, 2050, 2054, 2069-2071;

special uses, 2065-2067;

non, si ... 2067;

with miror, mirum est, 2068;

use of subjv. for indic., 2069-2071.

Indeterminate protases, subjv. use, 2072-2090;

indic. for subjv. in expressions of ability, duty, &c., 2074;

non-occurrent action viewed as occurrent, 2075.

Prot. in pres. subjv., 2076-2083;

prot. in perf. subjv., 2084-2088;

apod. in pres. subjv., 2076, 2084;

apod. in perf. subjv., 2077, 2085;

apod. in pres. indic., 2078;

apod. in fut., 2079, 2086;

apod. in fut. perf., 2080;

apod. in periphrastic, 2081, 2087;

apod. in impf. subjv., 2082, 2088;

apod. in plup. subjv., 2083;

conversion to past time, 2089;

periods of exemplification, 2054, 2090.

Protases of action non-occurrent, 2024, 2091-2108;

force of tenses, 2091-2093;

prot. in impf. subjv., 2094-2097;

prot. in plup. subjv., 2096, 2098-2107;

periphrastic prot., 2108;

apod. in impf. subjv., 2094, 2097, 2108;

apod. in plup. subjv., 2095, 2098, 2108;

apod. in pres. subjv., 2098;

periphrastic apod., 2096, 2100;

apod. in impf. indic., 2101, 2102, 2104, 2106;

apod. in perf. indic., 2101, 2103-2105;

apod. in plup. indic., 2104, 2107.

Variation of prot., 2109-2111;

variation of apod., 2112-2115;

forms which apod. may take, 2018;

coordinated member equivalent to prot., 1574, 1701;

imper. as prot., 1574;

prot. expressed by abl. abs., 2295;

prot. expressed by partic., 2295;

conditional comparisons, 2117-2122;

protases in ind. disc., 2326-2329;

apodoses in ind. disc., 2330-2334;

sentence, quisquam and ullus in, 2402.

Conjugation,

defined, 397;

of sum, 744-750;

of possum, 744, 751-753;

of do, 744, 754-757;

of bibo, sero, sisto, 744, 758;

of inquam, 759-761;

of eo, 759, 762-767;

of queo, nequeo, 759, 768;

of edo, 769-771;

of volo, 772-774;

of nolo, 772, 775-777;

of malo, 772, 778, 779;

of fero, 772, 780, 781;

of verbs in -ere (third conjug.), 782-784;

of aio, 785-787;

of fio, 785, 788-790;

of verbs in -io, -ere, 784-791;

of verbs in -are (first conjug.), 792, 793;

of verbs in -ere (sec. conjug.), 794, 795;

of verbs in -ire (fourth conjug.), 796, 797;

of deponent verbs, 798-801;

of periphrastic forms, 802-804;

see Stems, Person, Formation.

Conjunctional,

see Conjunctive.

Conjunctions,

defined, 13;

origin of, 696;

copulative, use of, 1644-1661, 1687-1692, 1881, 2133-2149;

combination of different, 1662-1666;

disjunctive, use of, 1667-1675, 2133-2149;

adversative, use of, 1676-1686, 2133, 2150-2153;

postpositive, 1676;

quamquam as, 1899, 1900;

quamvis as, 1904, 1905;

qui, 1976;

concessive, use of, 2133, 2150-2153;

causal and illative, use of, 2133, 2154-2158;

affirmative coordination, 2159;

see Connectives.

Conjunctive,

particle sentences, 1838-2122;

introduced by quod, quia, 1838-1858;

by non quod, non quo, &c., 1855;

by cum, 1859-1881;

by quoniam, 1882-1884;

by quotiens, quotienscumque, 1885-1887;

by quam, 1888-1898;

by quantus, ut, 1892;

by quamquam, 1899-1902;

by quamvis, 1903-1906;

by quamlibet, 1907;

by tamquam, 1908-1910;

by quemadmodum, 1908;

by antequam, priusquam, 1911-1921;

by pridie quam, postridie quam, 1922;

by postquam, ubi?, ut, cum primum, 1923-1934;

by uti, ut, ne, 1935-1970;

by ubi?, 1971;

by quo, qui, 1972-1976;

by quanto, 1973;

by quominus, 1977, 1978;

by quo setius, 1979;

by quin, 1980-1990;

by dum, donec, quoad, quamdiu, 1991-2009;

by modo, 2003;

by quando, quandoque, 2010-2014;

by si, nisi, &c., 2015-2115;

by etsi, tametsi, tamenetsi, etiamsi, si, 2116;

by quasi, quam si, tamquam si, &c., 2117-2122;

particle sentences, in ind. disc., 2315, 2317, 2319.

Connection,

of the parts of sentence, 1636-1692;

of sentences or periods, 2123-2159;

relationship, &c., words of, with gen., 1203.

Connectives,

compound sentence without, 1636-1642;

separate sentences or periods without, 2124-2127;

relatives as, 2131;

demonstrative and determinative words as, 2129, 2130;

concessive words as, 2150-2153;

disjunctive words as, 1667-1675, 2134-2149;

copulative words as, 1644-1661, 2134-2149;

adversative words as, 1676-1686, 2150-2153;

other words than conjunctions as, 1687-1692;

causal words as, 2154-2158;

illative words as, 2154-2158;

affirmative coordination, 2159.

Consecutive,

sentences, defined, 1716;

tense of, after secondary, 1757-1759;

complementary, 1948, 1965-1969;

pure, 1948, 1970.

Consonants,

cons. and vowel i and u, 22-28;

x a double cons., how sounded, 70;

x makes long syllable, 177;

doubled cons., how written and how pronounced, 80;

doubled, never ends a word, 177;

doubled, makes long syllable, 177;

pronunciation of, 53-72;

classification of the consonants, 73-79;

consonant changes, 146-174, see Substitution, Development, Disappearance, Assimilation, Dissimilation, Interchange;

mute or f followed by l or r, how affecting preceding short vowel, 178;

cons. roots, defined, 188;

cons. stems of substs., decl. of, 467-512, see Declension;

cons. stems of substs., general rules of gender of, 570-584;

cons. stems of adjs., decl. of, 621-626, 467-512.

See also Glides.

Contempt,

expressed by diminutives, 269;

expressed by nescio quid, &c., 1789;

expressed by hic, 2350;

expressed by iste, 2357;

expressed by homo, 2365;

expressed by quidam, 2393.

Continued action,

tenses of, 1587, 1594, 1619, 2218;

with cum, 1864, 1865;

see Incomplete action.

Continuants or Continuous, sounds, defined, 74;

classified, 74;

subst. stems in, decl. of, 481-493.

Contraction,

of vowels, 115, 118;

of verb forms, 885-893;

in versification, 2518.

Contrary to fact,

see Non-occurrent.

Contrasts,

asyndeton in, 1640;

introduced by et, 2140;

hic and ille in, 2352;

ipse in, 2374, 2375.

Convicting,

verbs of, with gen., 1280-1282;

with abl., 1280-1282.

Coordination,

of sentences, 1055-1060, 1636;

asyndetic, 1637-1642;

constructions, history of, 1693-1695, 1705, 1706, 1740, 1957;

treated, 1636-1692;

without connective, 1636-1642;

with copulative conjunctions, 1643-1666;

with disjunctive conjunctions, 1667-1675;

with adversative conjunctions, 1676-1686;

with other words as connectives, 1687-1692;

intermediate coordinate sentence, treated, 1693-1713;

coordination instead of acc. and infin., 1696;

question or exclamation in, 1697;

instead of rel. sentence, 1698;

instead of temporal expression, 1699;

instead of result clause, 1700;

instead of condition, 1701, 2110;

instead of concessive clause, 1702;

instead of causal clause, 1703;

instead of compar. clause with ut, 1704;

subjv. of desire in, 1705;

ne in, 1706;

with verbs of wishing, 1707;

with verbs of request, exhortation, command, &c., 1708;

with oportet, optumum est, &c., 1709;

with permitto, concedo, sino, licet, 1710;

with cave?, &c., 1711;

with cedo, do, persuadeo, curo, fac, &c., 1712;

with verbs in general, 1713;

of questions, 1787;

of imper., 1787, 1710-1712;

of rel. sentence with subst., adj., or partic., 1820;

of rel. sentences, 1832, 1833;

affirmative, 2159;

expressed by quamquam, etsi, tametsi, 2153;

expressed by quippe, 1690.

Copulative,

words, use of, 1644-1661, 1687-1692, 1881, 2133-2149;

combination of different, 1662-1666.

Correlative,

prons., table of, 695, 1831;

advs., table of, 711, 1831;

sentences, 1831;

idcirco, ideo, &c., 1855, 1858;

quoniam . . . continuo, &c., 1883;

quotiens . . . totiens, &c., 1886;

quam . . . tam, &c., 1889, 1890;

tamquam . . . sic, ita, 1908;

ut . . . ita, item, &c., 1937;

adversative, ut . . . ita, sic, 1938;

conditional, ut, ne . . . sic, 1964;

tantus . . . ut, &c., 1970;

quo . . . eo, hoc, 1973;

quanto . . . tanto, 1973;

dum . . . subito, repente, iam, &c., 1995;

dum, &c., ... tamdiu, &c., 1999;

dum, &c., ... usque, &c., 2004;

quando . . . tum, 2011;

sic . . . si, 2015;

si . . . igitur, &c., 2018, 2067;

etsi, &c. ... tamen, 2116;

lacking in apod., 1890, 1937.

Correption, 2517.

Costing,

verbs of, with gen., 1274;

with abl., 1388-1392.

Countries,

names of, in plur., 1107;

in acc. with expressions of motion, 1161;

used adjectively, 1233;

abl. of, attached to a subst., 1309;

denoting place from which, 1309, 1310;

place in or at which, 1336, 1347.

Cretic,

defined, 2521;

rhythms, 2691-2697.

Curses,

duim, &c. in, 756.

Customary,

action, expressed by pres., 1588;

expressed by impf., 1596.

Cyclic feet, 2523.

D

Dactyl,

defined, 2521;

cyclic, 2523.

Dactylic,

rhythms, 2555-2580;

hexameter, 2556-2569;

pentameter, 2570-2576;

tetrameter acatalectic, 2577;

tetrameter catalectic, 2578;

trimeter catalectic, 2579.

Dactylo-trochaic rhythms, 2675-2681.

Danger,

expressions of, with ut, ne clauses, 1957, 1958.

Dates,

expressed by abl., 1307;

expressed by loc., 1307, 1331;

cardinals and ordinals in, 2419;

marked by names of consuls, 2419.

Dative case,

defined, 419;

plur., how formed, 428;

lacking, see Defective, substantives, lacking cases.

-a- stems, in -i, 618-620, 656, 693;

in -eis, 440, 443;

in -is for -iis, 440;

in -ais and -eis, 441;

in -abus, 442;

inscriptional forms, 443;

Greek nouns, 444.

-o- stems, in -i, 618-620, 656, 693;

in -ais, -eis, -ois, 458;

in -obus, 464;

inscriptional forms, 465;

Greek nouns, 466.

Consonant stems, in -e, 501, 507;

inscriptional forms, 507;

Greek nouns, 508-512.

-i- stems, inscriptional forms, 564;

Greek nouns, 565.

-u- stems, in -ubus, 592;

inscriptional forms, 593.

-e- stems, in -e, 602, 606;

in -i, 606;

sing., of res, fides, 160, 602.

Pronouns, peculiar and inscriptional forms, of ego, tu, sui, 651;

of meus, tuus, suus, 653, 654;

of hic, 663-665;

of ille, iste, 667, 668;

of illic, istic, 670;

of is, 672-674, 160;

of idem, 677, 678;

of qui, quis, 688, 690.

Uses of, 1175-1225;

general, 1175-1179.

The complementary, 1180-1218;

as essential complement, 1180-1204;

as optional complement, 1205-1218;

made subj. in pass., 1480, 1181;

with verbs of intrans. use denoting state, disposition, feeling, quality, 1181, 1184, 1185;

with sum and a pred. noun, 1183;

with verbs of union, contention, difference, 1186, 1357;

with verbs combined with adversum, obviam, praesto, bene, male, satis, 1187;

with verbs of intrans. use compounded with a prep., 1188-1191;

with verbs of trans. use, 1192;

with verbs of trans. use compounded with a prep., 1194-1199;

with adjs., 1200-1204;

with verbs of trans. or intrans. use to denote person or thing interested, benefited, harmed, 1205, 1315;

with similis, 1204;

with interjections, 1206;

with sentences, 1207;

with verbs denoting warding off, robbing, ridding, 1209;

with verbs of motion, 1210;

emotional, 1211;

of possessor, 1212-1216, 1478, 2181, 2243;

with compounds of sum, 1212;

with mihi? est nomen, &c., 1213, 1214;

of the doer of an action, 1215, 1216, 1478, 2181, 2243;

of relation, 1217, 1218.

The predicative, 1219-1224;

of tendency or result, 1219-1222;

with verbs of considering or accounting, 1222;

of purpose or intention, 1223-1225.

Double, 1213, 1214, 1219-1225;

combined with acc., 1199, 1201, 1214, 1221, 1224;

combined with nom., 1213, 1214, 1221, 1224;

attached to subst., 1183, 1208, 1225;

used with conscius, 1265;

with refert, 1278;

with impersonal verbs in pass., 1181;

pred. noun in, 2214;

of gerundive construction and gerund, 2254-2257;

supine in -u as, 2269;

following supine in -um, 2272;

with idem, 2373.

Decasyllabic Alcaic, 2663.

Declarations,

neg. adv. in, 1443;

indic. used in, 1493;

verbal expressions denoting ability, duty, propriety, necessity, &c. in, 1495-1497;

confounded with questions and exclamations, 1502;

subjv. used in, 1540-1562;

expressed by indic. in rel. sentence, 1813;

expressed by quod, 1838.

Declarative,

sentence, defined, 1025;

in ind. disc., mood of, 2312.

Declension,

defined, 397.

Substantives, 432-607;

-a- stems, 432-445;

-a- stems, Greek nouns, 444, 445;

-o- stems, 446-466;

-o- stems, Greek nouns, 466;

cons. stems, 467-512;

guttural mute stems (-g-, -c-), 471-473;

lingual mute stems (-d-, -t-), 474-478;

labial mute stems (-b-, -p-), 479, 480;

stems in -l-, -n-, 481-486;

stems in -r-, -s-, 487-493;

stems in -u- or -v-, 494;

cons. stems, Greek nouns, 508-512;

case endings of cons. stems, 495-507, see Nominative, &c.;

-i- stems, 513-569;

parisyllables with nom. in -is, 517-522;

parisyllables with nom. in -es, 523, 524;

parisyllables with stems in -bri-, -cri-, -tri-, 525;

parisyllabic neuters with nom. in -e, 526-528;

imparisyllables with stem in -ci-, 531;

imparisyllables with stem in -di-, 532;

imparisyllables with stem in -ti-, 533;

imparisyllables with stem in -bi-, 534;

imparisyllables with stem in -pi-, 535;

imparisyllables with stem in -li-, 536;

imparisyllables with stem in -ri-, 537, 538;

imparisyllables with stem in -si-, 539;

-i- stems, Greek nouns, 565;

case endings of -i- stems, 540-564, see Nominative, &c.;

-u- stems, 585-595;

-e- stems, 596-607.

Adjectives, 605-643, 432-569;

stems in -o- and -a- (‘three endings’), 613-620, 432-466;

cons. stems of ‘two endings’ (the compar.), 621-623, 503, 505, 507;

cons. stems of ‘one ending,’ 624-626, 467-512, 561;

-i- stems, 627-636, 529-569;

adjs. used as substs., 558, 561;

numeral adjs., 637-643.

Present participles, 632, 633, 560, 562-564.

Pronouns, 644-694;

personal, 644-651;

reflexive, 644-651;

possess., 652-655;

demonstrative, 656-670;

determinative, 656-659, 671-675;

of identity, 656-659, 676-678;

intensive, 656-659, 679, 680;

rel., interrogative, indef., 656-659, 681-694.

See Gender, Number, Case.

Decreeing,

see Resolve.

Defective,

substs., in number, 416, 417, see also 477, 489, 493, 518, 523, 524, 534, 545;

words of 4th decl., no sing., 588;

words of 5th decl., no plur., 597, 600;

in case, 430;

cases lacking in 3rd decl., 473-545;

cases lacking in 4th decl., 588;

cases lacking in 5th decl., 597, 600, 604-607;

adjs., in number, 623; in case, 430, 431, 356;

cases lacking in cons. stems, 472, 623-626;

cases lacking in -i- stems, 531-537, 627, 634-636;

in comparison, 356-360;

advs., in comparison, 363, 364;

prons., in case, 692;

verbs, 805-817, 900, 905, 907, 922-1019.

Defining,

acc., 1140-1146, 1173, 1475.

Definite,

perf., use of, 1602, 1605-1613;

sequence of, 1717, 1754;

see Perfect.

Time, in cum sentences, 1861-1867;

in sentences with ubi?, ut, simul atque, 1933, 1934.

Definition,

gen. of, 1255-1259;

perf. subjv. in, with antequam, 1913.

Degree,

denoted by advs., 1438;

of comparison, see Comparison;

of difference, see Difference.

Delaying,

verbs of, with quin, 1986;

see Hindering.

Deliberating,

verbs of, with indirect question, 1774.

Deliberation,

questions of, in pres. ind., 1531;

in fut., 1531, 1623;

in subjv., 1563;

in subordinate sentence, 1731;

tense of, in secondary sentence, 1753;

in indirect question, 1786, 1774.

Demanding,

verbs of, with two accusatives, 1169-1171;

with acc. and prepositional phrase, 1170;

with acc. and infin., 2194.

Demonstrative,

prons., decl. of, 656-670;

agreement of, 1095-1098, see Agreement;

with a compar., 1326;

omitted in rel. sentence, 1798;

as connectives, 2128-2130;

correlative prons., 1831;

use of hic, 2347-2355;

use of iste, 2356, 2357;

use of ille, 2358-2364;

see hic, &c.;

advs., 711.

Denominative,

defined, 198;

substs., 246-279, 226, 227, 232;

adjs., 298-360, 287;

verbs, formation of, 365-375, 839, 840;

inflection of, 792-797;

list of, 987-1022;

see Verbs, Formation.

Dentals, 77;

stems, 474-478.

Dependent,

see Subordinate.

Deponents,

defined, 725, 1486;

imper. of, 297, 731;

prin. parts of, 735;

how designated, 736, 737;

inflection of, 798-801;

in -i, list of, 977-986;

act. forms of, 798;

with act. and pass. endings, 800, 1488, 1489;

semi-deponents, 801, 1488;

perf. partic. of, with act. and pass. meaning, 907, 1364, 1492;

with reflexive, pass., or reciprocal force, 1487;

with pass. meaning, 1490;

pass. of, how expressed, 1491;

perf. with pres. force, 2280.

Deprive,

verbs meaning, with abl., 1302-1306.

Descending rhythms, 2528.

Descriptions,

impf. in, 1599;

asyndeton in, 1639;

in indic. in rel. sentence, 1813;

expressed by abl. abs., 1367;

expressed by partic., 2295.

Desiderative,

verbs, definition and formation of, 375;

defective, 810.

Desire,

subjv. of, 1540-1553;

in coordination, 1705-1713;

in rel. sentences of purpose, 1817;

in sentences with potius quam, &c., 1897;

in sentences of purpose with ut, 1947;

in sentences with dum, 2005.

Verbs of, with gen., 1286;

with purpose clause, 1950;

with acc. and infin., 2189-2192, 2228.

See Wish, Wishing, Desirous.

Desirous,

adjs. meaning, gen. with, 1263, 1264.

Determinative,

compounds, defined and classified, 382-384.

Pronouns., decl. of, 656-659, 671-675;

agreement of, 1094-1098, see Agreement;

omitted in rel. sentence, 1798;

as connectives, 2128-2130;

correlative prons., 1831;

use and force of, 2365-2370, 2361;

see is.

Adverbs, 711.

Development,

of vowel before cons., 172;

of vowel between consonants, 172;

of cons., 167;

p between m and s, m and t, 167.

Diaeresis,

defined, 2542, 2543;

bucolic, 2559.

Dialysis, 2501.

DiastolÉ, 2505.

Dicolic verses, 2535.

Difference,

verbs of, case with, 1186;

amount of, abl. of, 1393-1399, 1153, 1154, 1459, see Extent;

quo . . . eo, 1973.

Difficult,

adjs. meaning, with supine in -u, 2274.

Diiambus,

defined, 2522.

Dimeter,

defined, 2536;

iambic, 2617-2623;

trochaic, 2643-2646;

anapaestic, 2687-2689;

cretic, 2697;

bacchiac, 2704.

Diminutive,

substs., suffixes forming, 267-278;

meanings of, 267-270;

gender of, 270;

adjs., 339, 340;

formed from compar. stems, 340;

advs., 341.

Diphthongs,

defined, 47;

the, 49;

origin of, 48, 120;

pronunciation of, 49, 50;

quantity of, 47, 125;

quantity of, before a vowel, 125;

ei in inscriptions to denote i, 29, 2.

Diphthong, 95-101;

change of au, 97;

change of ou, 100;

change of eu, 101;

change of ai, ae, 96;

change of ai, 118, 2;

change of oi, oe, 99;

change of ei, 98, 764, 789.

Dipody,

defined, 2531;

iambic, 2624;

trochaic, 2649;

logaoedic, 2655-2658.

Direct,

compound, defined, 377, see Composition;

quotation, 1723, see Quotations;

discourse, defined, 2308;

question, see Questions.

Direction,

expressed by subjv., 1547-1551;

introduced by uti, ut, ne, &c., 1547;

expressed by fut., 1624;

verbs of, subjv. coordinated with, 1708;

introduced by proinde, proin, 2157.

Disadvantage,

dat. of, 1178, 1205-1210.

Disappearance,

of vowel, 110-113;

initial, 112;

medial, 111;

final, 113;

of cons., 168-171;

initial, 169;

medial, 170, 659;

final, 171, 426, 648, 705.

Disapprobation,

questions of, 1566-1569;

expressed by infin., 2216.

Disjunctive,

words, use of, 1667-1675, 2133-2149.

Displeasing,

expressions of, case with, 1181-1185.

Dispondee, 2522.

Disproportion,

expressed by positive, 1454;

expressed by compar., 1460, 1461;

compar. denoting, followed by quam, quam ut, quam qui, 1896.

Dissimilation,

of l to r, to avoid repetition of a liquid, 173,1;

by dropping a sound, 173, 2.

Distance,

designations of, abl. of intervallum and spatium in, 1399;

see Space, Time.

Distich,

defined, 2545;

elegiac, 2573.

Distress,

mental, verbs of, with gen., 1283-1286;

with loc. and abl., 1339, 1344.

Distributive,

numerals, suffix of, 317;

decl. of, 643;

list of, 2404, 2405;

some forms of, 2418;

uses of, 2420-2422;

words, with plur. subst., 1080;

with sing. and plur. verb, 1080.

Disyllabic,

preps., position of, 1434;

perfects and perf. partic., quantity of penult vowel of, 2434-2436.

Ditrochee, 2522.

Doer,

of action, expressed by dat., 1215, 1216, 1478, 2181, 2243;

expressed by abl. with ab, 1318, 1476, 1477, 2243;

expressed by abl. alone, 1319, 1477.

Doing,

verbs of, with quod, quia, introducing coincident action, 1850;

with qui, 1826;

with cum, 1874.

Double,

questions, see Alternative;

class, of rhythms, 2527.

Doubt,

questions of, in pres. indic., 1531;

in fut., 1531, 1623; in subjv., 1563;

in subordinate sentence, 1731;

tense of, in subordinate sentence, 1753;

in indirect question, 1786;

fortasse, &c., and subjv., 1554;

verbs of, loc. and abl. with, 1339, 1344;

indirect question with, 1774;

with quin, 1986.

Dreading,

verbs of, with gen., 1286.

Dual, 415.

Dubitative,

see Appeal.

Duration,

of time, denoted by acc., 1151-1156, 1475;

acc. of, combined with a second acc., 1174;

denoted by abl., 1355.

Duty,

verbal expressions of, in indic., 1495-1497;

in conditional periods, 2074, 2101.

E

Easy,

adjs. meaning, cases with, 1200;

with gerundive construction or gerund, 2252;

with supine in -u, 2274.

Ecthlipsis, 2493.

Effect,

suffixes denoting, 213, 217, 224, 241.

Effort,

see Striving.

Elegiac distich, 2573.

Elegiambus, 2680, 2681.

Elision,

within a word, 115, 119;

between words, 2481-2495;

at end of verse, 2533, 2568.

Emotion,

verbs of, with quod, quia, 1851;

with cum, 1851, 1875;

with acc. and infin., 2187, 2188, 2184;

with perf. infin., 2231.

Emotional dative, 1211.

Emphasizing,

acc., 1140-1146, 1173, 1475.

Enclitics,

the, 93;

defined, 93;

accent of, 93;

quantity of, 2433;

-met, 650, 655;

-pte, 655;

-ce, 662, 663, 669, 670, 2015;

dum, with imper., 1573, 1992;

at end of verse, 2568;

see -que, &c.

End,

of motion, see Motion.

Endeavour,

verbs meaning, with infin., 2169.

Endings,

case, function of, 398;

lacking, in prons., 645;

of nouns and verbs, shortened in the classical period, 132;

‘one,’ ‘two,’ ‘three,’ adjs. of, see Adjectives;

see Person, Declension, Suffix.

Enlargement,

of simple sentence, 1037-1054;

of subj., 1038-1047;

of pred., 1048-1054.

Entreaty,

expressed by imper., 1571;

verbs of, subjv. coordinated with, 1708.

Enumerative asyndeton, 2126.

Envy,

verbs of, with dat., 1181.

Epicenes, 411.

Epistolary,

impf., 1601;

plup., 1616.

Epitrite, 2522.

Equal class,

of rhythms, 2527.

Essential,

complement, see Complement.

Ethical,

see Emotional.

Euripidean verse, 2644-2646.

Exchange,

abl. of, 1388-1392.

Exclamation,

nom. of, 1117;

acc. of, 1149, 1150, 2112;

gen. of, 1295;

verbal expressions denoting ability, duty, propriety, necessity in, 1495-1497;

indic. in, 1499;

confounded with questions and declarations, 1502;

introduced by prons. and unde, ubi?, quo, cur, qui, quin, quam, quando, quotiens, 1526, 1527;

introduced by ut, 1528;

two or more exclamations with one verb, 1530;

as member of coordinate sentence, 1697;

subordinate, or indirect, 1773, see Questions;

mirum quantum, &c., 1790;

in apod. of conditional sentence, 2018;

infin. of, 2216.

Exclamatory,

sentence, defined, 1025;

questions, 1566-1569.

Exemplification,

periods of, 2054, 2090.

Exhortation,

intimated by question, 1531;

expressed by subjv., 1547-1551;

introduced by uti, ut, ne, nemo, nihil, &c., 1547;

expressed by imper., 1571;

expressed by fut., 1624;

verbs of, subjv. coordinated with, 1708.

Expectation,

expressions of, with si, si forte, 1777;

see Hope.

Explanatory,

cum, 1859, 1874-1880.

Explosives, 73.

Extent,

of space, denoted by acc., 1151-1156, 1475;

acc. of, combined with a second acc., 1174;

with verbs of surpassing, 1398.

F

Faithful,

adjs. meaning, cases with, 1200.

Favour,

verbs of, with dat., 1181, 1182.

Fearing,

verbs of, with indirect question, 1774, 1959;

with ut, ne clauses, 1957, 1958;

with acc. and infin., 1959;

with complementary infin., 1959, 2169.

Feeling,

verbs of, with acc., 1139;

with gen., 1283-1286;

with loc. and abl., 1339, 1344;

animi with verbs and adjs. of, 1339;

see Emotion, Mental distress, &c.

Feet,

metrical, defined, 2519;

kinds of, 2521, 2522;

cyclic, 2523;

irrational, 2524;

groups of, 2531, 2532.

Feminine,

gender, general rules of, 407;

for cons. and -i- stems, 577-581;

caesura, 2557.

Figures of prosody, 2473-2510.

Final,

disappearance, of vowel, 113;

of cons., 171.

Syllable, vowel of, shortened, 132;

retained long, 132;

with accent, 88;

quantity of, 2437-2457;

of verse, syllaba anceps, 2533, 2534.

e from i, 107, b;

short vowel followed by word beginning with two consonants or double cons., 2458.

Sentences, defined, 1716;

complementary, 1948-1960;

pure, 1948, 1961-1964;

tense of, after perf. definite, 1754.

Fitness,

adj. suffixes implying, 298, 302-330;

adjs. denoting, cases with, 1200;

adjs. denoting, with gerund and gerundive, 2252.

Flowers,

names of, gender, 407, 408, 573.

Forgetting,

verbs of, with gen., 1287-1291;

with acc., 1288;

with infin., 2169.

Formation,

one of the divisions of Latin grammar, treated, 1, 180-396;

defined, 180;

roots and stems, 183-198;

of nouns, without formative suffix, 195, 198, 199;

with formative suffix, 195-198, 200-203.

Substantives, 204-279, 296, 308, 309, 313, 314, 333, 334;

primitive, 204-245;

denominative, 246-279, 226, 227, 232;

suffixes denoting agent, 204-211;

action, 212-237, 249;

instrument or means, 238-245, 213, 224;

concrete effect, 213, 217, 224, 241;

result, 213, 222, 231, 234-236, 239, 249, 296;

collectives, 228, 249;

quality, 246-264;

person concerned, 265, 309;

place, 266, 228, 241, 242, 245, 249, 308, 309, 314, 334;

diminutive suffixes, 267-278;

suffixes forming patronymics, 279.

Adjectives, 280-360;

primitive, 280-297, 305;

denominative, 298-360, 287;

suffixes denoting act. quality, 281-290, 293, 294, 296;

pass. quality, 291-297, 282, 283;

material or resemblance, 299-301;

appurtenance, 302-330;

supply, 331-338;

diminutives, 339, 340;

compar. and superl. suffixes, 342-360;

suffixes denoting place, 317, 321, 347.

Adverbs, diminutives, 341;

compar. and superl. endings, 361-364.

Verb stem, 824-919;

variable vowel, 824-827;

theme, 738-740;

of denominative verbs, 365-375, 839, 840;

frequentatives or intensives, 371-374;

desideratives, 375;

meditatives, 375, 970;

inceptives or inchoatives, 834, see Inceptives;

pres. indic., 828-840;

pres. subjv., 841-843;

imper., 844-846;

impf. indic., 847, 848;

impf. subjv., 849, 850;

fut., 851-853;

perf. indic., 854-875;

perf. stem without suffix, 858-866;

perf. stem in -s-, 867, 868;

perf. stem in -v- or -u-, 869-875;

perf. subjv., 876-878;

perf. imper., 879, 813;

plup. indic., 880;

plup. subjv., 881;

fut. perf., 882-884;

short or old forms, in perf. system, 885-893;

infin., 894-898;

gerundive and gerund, 899;

supine, 900;

pres. partic., 901-903;

fut. partic., 904, 905;

perf. partic., 906-919.

See Composition.

Formative suffix,

defined, 195, see Suffix.

Fractions,

how expressed, 2424-2428.

Free,

verbs meaning, with abl., 1302-1306;

adjs. meaning, with abl., 1306.

Frequentative,

verbs, definition and formation of, 371-374;

conative use of, 2303.

Friendly,

adjs. meaning, cases with, 1200.

Friendship,

words of, with gen., 1203.

Fulness,

verbs of, with gen., 1293;

with abl., 1386;

adjs. of, with gen., 1263, 1264, 1387;

with abl., 1387.

Future action,

expressed by pres., 1593, 2026, 2030;

expressed by perf., 1541, 1549, 1551, 1558, 1612, 2027.

Future Perfect tense,

lacking in subjv. and imper., 716;

formation of, 882-884;

short or old forms, 885-893;

fuerit victurus, 803;

infin., 887;

dat. of possessor with, 1216, 1478;

uses of, in simple sentence, 1626-1632, 1607, 1609;

in prot. and apod., of coincident action, 1627;

denoting fut. resulting state, 1628;

expressing rapidity of action, 1629;

denoting action postponed, 1630;

denoting action which will have occurred while something takes place, 1631;

not differing from fut., 1632;

of inceptives, 1607;

pass., with fuero, &c., 1609;

perf. used as, 1612;

sequence of, 1717, 1740-1746, 1751, 1753;

in subordinate sentence, rel. time, 1733, 1736;

independent, 1738;

with cum, 1860-1862;

with antequam, priusquam, 1915;

with ubi?, simul atque, &c., 1934;

with dum, 2006;

with donec, donicum, 2009;

in conditional prot., 2023, 2059-2064;

in conditional apod., 2023, 2031, 2055, 2062, 2080;

represented by fore and perf. partic., 2234;

of direct discourse represented by plup. or perf. subjv. in ind. disc., 2324.

Futures,

virtual, 1718.

Future tense,

lacking in subjv., 716;

imper., 716, 1575;

formation of, 851-853;

-it, 68;

-or, -ar, 68;

dat. of possessor with, 1216, 1478;

uses of, in simple sentence, 1619-1625;

of fut. action, 1619;

expressing prediction, will, threat, &c., 1619;

of diffident assertion, 1620;

in predictions, 1621;

in asseverations, 1622;

in questions of appeal, 1623;

expressing exhortation, request, command, &c., 1624;

sequence of, 1717, 1740-1746, 1751, 1753;

in subordinate sentence, 1625;

fut. perf. with force of, 1632;

rel. time, 1733-1735;

independent, 1738;

with cum, 1860-1862;

with antequam, priusquam, 1913, 1916;

with ubi?, simul atque, &c., 1934;

with dum, donec, quoad, quamdiu, 1996, 2000, 2002, 2009;

in conditional prot., 2023, 2052-2058;

in conditional apod., 2023, 2030, 2037, 2045, 2054, 2061, 2079, 2086;

periphrastic, in conditional prot., 2092, 2108;

in conditional apod., 2074, 2081, 2087, 2093, 2097, 2100;

of direct discourse represented by impf. or pres. subjv. in ind. disc., 2324;

infin., see Infinitive;

partic., see Participles.

G

Galliambic, 2714-2716.

Gender,

kinds of, 402;

defined, 403;

nouns, defined, 402, 398;

mobile nouns, 409;

nouns of common, 410;

epicenes, 411;

variable, 413, 586, 597;

general rules of, 402-413;

of diminutives, 270;

of inanimate things, 403;

of Greek words, 570;

of -a- stems, 432, 433;

of -o- stems, 446, 447;

general rules of, for cons. and -i- stems, 570-584;

of cons. stems, 467, 471-494;

of -i- stems, 513, 517-539, 545;

of -u- stems, 585, 586, 588;

of -e- stems, 596, 597;

agreement of adj. and partic. in, 1082-1098;

agreement of rel. pron. in, 1082-1098, 1801-1811, see Relative;

agreement of demonstrative and determinative prons. in, 1082-1098, see Demonstrative, Determinative;

agreement of subst. in, 1077-1081;

see Neuter.

General,

truth, expressed by pres., 1588;

expressed by impf., 1599;

fut. in, 1620;

in subordinate sentence, tense of, 1748, 1760;

with antequam, priusquam, 1912-1914;

introduced parenthetically by ut, 1940;

introduced by sic, ita, 2159;

conditions, 2034, 2035, 2044, 2050, 2054, 2069-2071;

subj., in 1st pers. plur. and 2d pers. sing., omitted, 1030.

Genitive case,

defined, 419;

plur., how formed, 427;

stem of noun seen in, 421;

stem of noun indicated by, 421;

lacking, see Defective;

stem vowel of -o- stems lengthened in, 56, 462.

-a- stems, in -ius, -ius, 162, 618-620, 656, 657, 694;

in -ai, 160, 437;

in -as, 437;

in -u?m, 439;

inscriptional forms, 443;

Greek nouns, 443-445.

-o- stems, in -ius, -ius, 127, 7; 618-620, 656, 657, 694;

in -ai, -ei, -oi, 458;

of words in -ius, -ium, form and accent of, 87, 456, 457;

in -u?m, -om, 462, 463, 465, 640, 641, 643;

inscriptional forms, 465;

Greek nouns, 466.

Consonant stems, in -uum, 492, 506;

in -om, 494, 507;

in -ium, 477, 478, 489, 492, 494, 506, 507;

inscriptional forms, 507;

Greek nouns, 508-512.

-i- stems, in -um, 527-537, 563, 629, 631, 633, 636;

inscriptional forms, 564;

Greek nouns, 565.

-u- stems, in -uis, 590;

in -ti, 590;

in -om, 591;

in -um, 591;

inscriptional forms, 593.

-e- stems, in -e, 602, 606;

in -es, 602, 606;

in -i, 602, 606;

of res, fides, 160, 602.

Present participles, in -um, 563.

Pronouns, peculiar and inscriptional forms, of ego, tu, sui, 646, 649;

of meus, tuus, suus, 653;

of hic, 663, 665;

of ille, iste, 667, 668;

of illic, istic, 670;

of is, 672-674;

of idem, 677;

of qui, quis, 688, 690;

of neuter, 694.

Uses of, 1226-1295;

general, 1226.

With substantives, 1227-1262;

combined with one or more genitives limiting same subst., 1228;

with limited subst. omitted, 1229;

of the subj., cause, origin, owner, 1232-1238, 1207;

of personal and reflexive prons., 1234;

of word in apposition with possess. pron., 1235;

as pred. with verbs meaning am, belong, become, &c., 1236, 1237;

with communis, proprius, alienus, sacer, totus, 1238;

of quality, attributively and predicatively, 1239, 1240;

partitive, 1241-1254;

with advs., 1242, 1248, 1253, 1254;

partitive, with adjs., 1245;

partitive, in pred., 1251;

partitive, nostru?m, vestru?m, 2335;

of definition, 1255-1259;

with causa, gratia, nomine, ergo, 1257;

with quidquid est, &c., 1259;

the objective, 1260-1262;

objective, nostri, vestri, 2335.

With adjectives, 1263-1270, 1203, 1204;

with conscius and dat., 1265;

with partic., 1266;

with similis, 1204;

with dignus, indignus, 1269.

With verbs, 1271-1294;

with verbs of valuing, &c., 1271-1275, 1279;

with refert and interest, 1276-1279;

with judicial verbs, 1280-1282;

with miseret, paenitet, piget, pudet, taedet, 1283, 1284;

with misereor, misereo, miseresco, 1285;

with personal verbs of desiring, loathing, admiring, dreading, 1286;

with verbs of memory, 1287-1291;

with verbs of participation and mastery, 1292;

with verbs of fulness and want, 1293;

with verbs of separating and abstaining, 1294.

Of exclamation, 1295;

with mihi? est nomen, nomen do, &c., 1213, 1214;

with opus, 1383;

with post and intra in expressions of time, 1396;

with preps., 1406, 1413, 1419, 1420, 1232;

possess., with infin., 1237, 2208, 2211, 1232;

of gerundive construction and gerund, 2258-2264, 2164.

Genus,

par, duplex, sescuplex, 2527.

Gerund,

no plur. of, 416;

a verbal noun, 732, 2237;

formation of, 899;

dat. of doer of action with, 1215, 1478, 2243;

abl. with ab with, 2243;

in reflexive sense, 1482;

treated, 2237-2268;

character of, 2237-2239;

with and without obj., 2241, 2242;

of verbs of trans. use, 2242, 2255, 2259, 2265;

use of acc. of, with ad, 2252, 2164;

with other preps., 2253;

use of dat. of, 2255, 2257;

in gen., 2259;

denoting purpose, 2263;

with causa expressing purpose, 2164;

use of abl. of, 2265-2268;

denoting means, cause, &c., 2266;

with preps., 2267;

in abl. of separation, 2268.

Gerundive,

a verbal noun, 732, 2237;

formation of, 899, 288;

originally neither act. nor pass., 288, 2238;

dat. of possessor with, 1215, 1478, 2243;

abl. with ab with, 2243;

treated, 2237-2268;

character of, 2237-2239;

the construction, 2240;

use of nom. of, 2243-2249, 2251;

with sum, 2243;

inflection of, with sum, 804;

with sum in conditional periods, 2101;

fruendus, fungendus, &c., 2244;

habeo with, 2245;

impersonally, 2246, 2180, 2244;

impersonally with obj., 2247;

adjectively, 288, 2248;

denoting possibility, 2249;

with pass., 2251;

use of acc. of, 2250-2253, 2243;

with verbs, 2250;

with ad, 2252, 2164;

with other preps., 2253;

use of dat. of, 2254, 2256, 1208;

use of gen. of, 2258-2264;

with subst. or adj., 2258, 2259;

with nostri, &c., 2260, 2261;

predicately with sum, 2262;

with causa expressing purpose, 2164;

alone, denoting purpose, 2263;

with judicial verbs, 2264;

use of abl. of, 2265-2268;

denoting means, cause, &c., 2266;

with preps., 2267;

in abl. of separation, 2268;

with compar. expression, 2268.

Giving,

verbs of, subjv. coordinated with, 1712;

with gerundive construction, 2250.

Glides,

consonantal, 167.

Glyconic, 2660-2662.

Gnomic,

see Often.

Gradation,

quantitative vowel, 135;

qualitative, 145.

Grave accent, 90.

Greek,

characters of the alphabet, 17, 18;

words, eu in, 101;

changed in Latin, 172, 2;

quantity in, 125; 127, 8, 9;

patronymics, 279;

nouns, gender of, 406, 408, 570;

nouns of -a- decl., forms of, 443-445;

of -o- decl., 466;

of cons. decl., 508-512;

of -i- decl., 565;

idiom, imitated in Latin with dat. of volens, &c., 1218;

acc., see Part concerned.

Grief,

verbs of, with quod, quia, 1851;

with cum, 1851, 1875;

with acc. and infin., 2187, 2188, 2184.

Gutturals, 44, 77;

guttural mute stems, decl. of, 471-473.

H

Haplology, 179.

Happening,

verbs of, case with, 1181-1185;

qui with, 1826, 1850;

quod with, introducing coincident action, 1850;

cum with, 1874, 1850;

with result clause, 1965;

with result clause, how translated, 1966.

Hardening, 2503.

Harming,

verbs of, case with, 1205-1210.

Having,

verbs of, with two accusatives, 1167.

Hearing,

verbs of, in pres. of past action, 1592;

with indirect question, 1774.

Helping,

expressions of, case with, 1181-1185.

Hemiolic class,

of rhythms, 2527.

Hendecasyllabic Alcaic, 2667, 2668.

Hendecasyllable, 2664, 2665.

Hephthemimeral caesura, 2544.

Hephthemimeris, 2531.

Hesitate,

verbs meaning, with quin, 1987;

with infin., 2169.

Hexameter,

defined, 2536;

dactylic, 2556-2569;

bacchiac, 2705.

Hexapody, 2531.

Hiatus,

within a word, 114-116;

between words, 2473-2480;

at end of verse, 2533.

Hidden quantity, 2459-2463.

Hiding,

verbs of, with two accusatives, 1169-1171;

with acc. and prepositional phrase, 1170.

Hindering,

verbs of, with ne, 1960, 1977;

with quominus, 1960, 1977;

with quin, 1986;

with acc. and infin., 2203;

with acc. of gerundive construction or gerund, 2252.

Hipponactean verse, 2597-2600, 2639-2641;

strophe, in Horace, 2721.

Hiring,

verbs of, with gen., 1274;

with abl., 1388-1392.

Historical,

perf., 1602-1604, see Perfect;

infin., see Intimation;

pres., see Vivid narration.

Hope,

expressions of, with si, si forte, 1777;

with acc. and infin., 2186;

with pres. infin., 2186.

Horace,

lyric metres of, 2718-2737, 2739.

Hortatory,

see Desire.

Hostility,

words of, with gen., 1203.

Hypothesis,

expressed by abl. abs., 1367;

expressed by partic., 2295;

variation of prot., 2109-2111.

Hypermetrical verse, 2568.

I

Iambelegus, 2678, 2679.

Iambic,

words, last syllable of, shortened in verse, 129;

shortening, law of, 129, 2470;

rhythms, 2581-2627;

trimeter (senarius), 2583-2596;

choliambus, 2597-2600;

trimeter catalectic, 2601-2603;

tetrameter acatalectic, 2604-2609;

septenarius, 2610-2616;

dimeter acatalectic, 2617-2620;

dimeter catalectic, 2621-2623;

acatalectic dipody and catalectic tripody, 2624;

versus Reizianus, 2625, 2626;

trimeter, in Horace, 2719;

strophe, in Horace, 2720.

Iambus, 2521.

Ictus, 2511;

in combination with word accent, 2548.

Identity,

pron. of, decl. of, 676-678;

use of, 2371-2373;

see idem.

Illative,

words, use of, 2133, 2154-2158.

Illustrations,

ut in, 1941;

introduced by nam, 2155.

Imparisyllables,

defined, 469;

decl. of, cons. stems, 471-512;

-i- stems, 529-569;

gender of, 571-584.

Imperative,

with short final vowel, 130, 4;

tense of, 716, 1575;

of dico, duco, facio, 113, 846;

of compounds of duco, 846;

accent of compounds of dic, duc, 88;

endings of, 297, 731;

in -d, 748;

formation of, 844-846;

perf., 879, 813;

sing., of more than one, 1075;

with quin, 1527;

in commands, 1571-1580;

accompanied by amabo, age, sane, &c., 1572, 1573, 1992;

in protasis of conditional sentence, 1574, 2032, 2038, 2056, 2063;

use of third person and longer forms, 1575-1578;

the fut., 1575;

fac, fac ut, cura ut, vide, &c., 1579;

periphrastic perf. pass., 1580;

in prohibitions, 1581-1586;

non used with, 1582;

noli, 1583;

fuge, parce, mitte, &c., with infin., 1584;

cave?, cave? ne, fac ne, &c., 1585;

in laws, treaties, &c., 1575, 1586;

asyndeton in, 1641;

in coordination, 1574, 1697, 1710-1712, 1787;

primary, 1717;

sentence, defined, 1025; in ind. disc., 2312.

Imperfect tense,

indicative, formation of, 847, 848;

-at, 132;

dat. of possessor with, 1216, 1478;

uses of, in simple sentence, 1594-1601, 1495-1497;

of action not performed in the past, 1495;

of action not performed at present time, 1497;

of past action going on, 1594;

of past action lasting while something occurs, 1595;

of repeated or customary action, 1596;

of past action still continued in past, 1597;

of action suddenly recognized, 1598;

in descriptions and general truths, 1599;

in letters and messages, 1601;

in conative use, 2302;

sequence of, 1717, 1740-1745, 1747, 1760, 2322, 2328;

in subordinate sentence, rel. time, 1733-1735;

independent, 1738;

with cum, 1860, 1861, 1864, 1865;

with antequam, priusquam, 1918;

with postquam, ubi, ut, &c., 1930, 1932, 1933;

with dum, donec, quoad, quamdiu, 1997, 2001, 2002, 2009;

in conditional prot., 2023, 2042-2047, 2068;

in conditional apod., 2023, 2028, 2044, 2050, 2101, 2102, 2104, 2106.

Subjunctive, formation of, 849, 850;

-et, 132;

in wishes, 1544, 1545;

in expressions of obligation or necessity, 1552;

of action conceivable, 1559, 1560, 1565;

of past action, 1545, 1559, 1563, 1565, 1567, 1569;

of repeated action, 1730;

in subordinate sentence, following secondary, 1747, 1762, 1766, 1771, 2322;

referring to fut. time, 1743, 1749, 2324;

following primary, 1751, 1753, 2329;

following pres. of vivid narration and pres. of quotation, 1752;

following perf. definite, 1754;

following perf. infin. or perf. partic., 1767;

secondary, 1762;

with indef. rel. pron. or adv., 1814;

with cum, 1872, 1873;

with quotiens, quotienscumque, 1887;

with antequam, priusquam, 1914, 1917, 1919, 1920;

with postea quam, postquam, &c., 1924;

with dum, donec, quoad, quamdiu, 1997, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2007-2009;

with modo, 2003;

in conditional prot. of indeterminate protases, 2024, 2071, 2089;

in conditional prot. of action non-occurrent, 2091, 2092, 2094-2097;

in conditional apod, of indeterminate protases, 2024, 2040, 2047, 2051, 2068, 2071, 2073, 2082, 2088, 2089;

in conditional apod. of action non-occurrent, 2091, 2092, 2094, 2098;

with quasi, tamquam si, &c., 2120;

in conditional apod. of direct discourse, how represented in ind. disc., 2331-2334.

Impersonal,

verbs, forms of, 815-817;

defined, 1034;

classified, 815, 816, 1034;

in pass., with dat., 1181; used personally, 1181, 1284;

of mental distress, with gen., 1283;

verbs of trans. use used as, 1479;

verbs of intrans. use used as, 724, 763, 1479;

with infin. as subj., 2208-2210;

use of abl. of perf. partic., 1372;

iri with supine, 2273;

construction, with verbs of perceiving, knowing, thinking, saying, 2177-2182;

fruendum, fungendum, &c., 2244;

of other gerundives, 2180, 2246, 2247.

Imprecation,

expressed by imper., 1571;

in verse, 2549.

Inceptives,

defective, 808;

formation of, 834;

the, 927, 939, 965, 968, 976, 980, 984;

meaning of perf. of, 1607;

quantity of vowel preceding -sco, 2462.

Inchoatives,

see Inceptives.

Incomplete action,

expressed by gerundive construction, 2240;

expressed by perf. partic., 2280;

see Continued.

Indeclinable,

adjs., 431, 637, 642;

centum, 637;

see Defective.

Indefinite,

advs., 711;

prons., decl. and list of, 658, 659, 681-694;

adj. and subst. forms of, 686;

abl., qui, quicum, 689;

table of correlative prons., 695;

questions introduced by ecquis, &c., 1509;

nescio quis, nescio unde, scio ut, &c., 1788, 1789;

rel. prons. and advs., followed by indic., 1814;

use of, 2388-2403, see quis, &c.

Use of 2nd pers. sing., in commands and prohibitions, 1550, 1551;

of action conceivable, 1556, 1558, 1559;

of repeated action, 1730;

in cum sentences, 1859, 1860;

with antequam, priusquam, 1912;

with postquam, ubi?, ut, &c., 1924;

with sive . . . sive, 2019;

in conditional sentences, 2070.

Antecedent, omitted, 1799;

multi, quidam, &c., used with sunt qui, &c., 1822;

abl. qui used with quippe, ut, 1828;

adv., quamquam, 1899;

adv., quamvis, 1903;

adv., quamlibet, 1907;

use of ut quisque, 1939;

use of quo quisque, 1973;

adv., quando, 2010;

time, with quando, 2011;

time, denoted by impf. subjv. of action non-occurrent, 2091;

subj., of infin., not expressed, 2212;

expressed, 2212;

unexpressed, with pred. noun in acc., 2213;

in 1st pers. plur. and 2nd pers. sing., omitted, 1030.

Independent,

time, of subordinate sentence, 1738, 1744.

Indeterminate,

meaning, verbs of, 1035;

with pred. nom., forming pred., 1035;

rel. agreeing with pred. subst., 1806;

period, defined, 2024;

protases, defined, 2023;

treated, 2025-2090, see Conditional;

in pres. or perf. subjv. in ind. disc. after secondary, 2328;

apodoses to, in ind. disc., 2330.

Indicative mood,

tenses of, 716;

how translated, 717.

Formation of tenses of, pres., 828-840;

impf., 847, 848; perf., 854-875;

stem without suffix, 858-866;

stem in -s-, 867, 868;

stem in -v- or -u-, 869-875;

fut., 851-853;

plup., 880;

fut. perf., 882-884;

short or old forms, 885-893.

Uses of, in declarations, 1493;

the neg. of, 1494;

in verbal expressions denoting ability, duty, propriety, necessity, &c., 1495-1497;

in questions and exclamations, 1499-1533, see Questions;

use of tenses in simple sentence, 1587-1633, see Present, &c.;

in subordinate sentence, 1732-1739;

tenses of, sequence after, 1717, 1746-1761;

general rule for indic. in subordinate sentence, 1721;

in ind. disc., 1729, 2318;

with si, si forte, 1777;

with nescio quis, &c., 1788, 1789;

with mirum quantum, &c., 1790;

in rel. sentence equivalent to conditional prot., 1812;

in rel. sentence of simple declaration or description, 1813;

in rel. sentence introduced by indef. pron. or adv., 1814;

with sunt qui, &c., 1823;

with qui tamen, 1825;

in rel. sentence resembling causal sentence, 1826;

with quippe qui, ut qui, ut pote qui, 1827;

with quippe qui (adv.), ut qui, 1828;

quod attinet ad, &c., 1830;

with quod, quia, 1838-1858;

with cum, 1859-1871, 1873-1876, 1881;

with quoniam, 1882-1884;

with quotiens, quotienscumque, 1885, 1886;

with quam, 1888-1895;

with quantum, ut, 1892;

with quamquam, 1899, 1900;

with quamvis, 1905, 1906;

with tamquam, 1908;

with quemadmodum, 1908;

with antequam, priusquam, 1911-1921;

with pridie quam, postridie quam, 1922;

with postquam, ubi?, ut, cum primum, 1923-1934;

with uti, ut, 1935-1946;

with ubi?, 1971;

with quo, qui, 1972, 1973, 1976;

with quanto, 1973;

with dum, donec, quoad, quamdiu, 1991-2009;

with quando, 2010-2014;

in conditional periods of indeterminate protases, 2023, 2025-2071, 2074, 2078-2081, 2086, 2087, 2090;

in conditional periods of action non-occurrent, 2092, 2097, 2100-2108, 2112-2114;

with etsi, tametsi, tamenetsi, etiamsi, si, 2116.

Indirect compound,

defined, 377, see Composition.

Indirect discourse,

defined, 1723, 2309;

verbs introducing, 1724, 2309;

with main verb not expressed, 1725, 2310, 2319;

verb of saying, introduced by qui, quod, cum, put illogically in subjv., 1727, 2320;

subjv. of attraction, 1728;

sequence of tenses in, 1770-1772;

in quod sentences, 1838, 2319;

in quia sentences, 2319;

in quoniam sentences, 1882-1884;

in quamquam sentences, 1901;

in tamquam sentences, 1909;

in antequam, priusquam sentences, 1916, 1919, 1921;

in sentences with postquam, ubi?, ut, &c., 1924;

with non dubito, 1987;

with dum, donec, quoad, quamdiu, 1994, 1995, 2005, 2007, 2008;

in sentences with quando, 2010;

fut. perf. of main sentence how represented in, 2234;

mood of main sentence in, 2312-2314;

declarative sentences in, 2312;

imper. sentences in, 2312;

interrogative sentences in, 2312;

rhetorical questions in, 2313;

original subjv. questionsin, 2314;

mood of subordinate sentences in, 1722-1729, 2315-2320;

indic. in, 1729, 1995, 2318;

rel. sentence equivalent to main sentence in acc. with infin., 2316;

sentences introduced by conjunctive particles in acc. with infin., 2317;

tense of infin. in, 2321;

tense of subjv. in, 2322-2324;

fut. and fut. perf. of subordinate sentence how represented in, 2324;

use of prons. in, 2325, 2341, 2342;

conditional protases in, 2326-2329;

conditional apodoses in, 2330-2334;

see Infinitive.

Indirect object,

see Complement.

Indirect question,

see Questions.

Induced lengthening, 122.

Infinitive,

in -e, -e, 134, 2;

gender of, 412;

the infinitives, verbal nouns, 732, 2160-2163;

fut. act. and pass, and perf. pass., 732, 898, 2273;

short or old forms of, 885-893;

the fut. perf., 887;

formation of, 894-898;

pass. in -ier, 897.

Use of, treated, 2160-2236;

origin and character of, 2160-2163;

old and poetical use of, 2164-2166;

of purpose, 2164, 2165;

with adjs., 2166;

ordinary use of, 2167-2215;

the complementary, 2168-2171, 2223, 1953;

acc. with, 2172-2203;

acc. with, origin of construction of, 1134, 2172, 2173;

with verbs of perceiving, knowing, thinking, saying, 2175-2184, 2219, 2226;

with verbs of accusing, 2185;

with verbs of hoping, promising, threatening, 2186;

with verbs of emotion, 2187, 2188, 2184;

with verbs of desire, 2189-2192, 2228;

with verbs of resolving, 2191;

with verbs of demanding, 2194;

with suadeo, persuadeo, precor, 2195;

with verbs of accomplishing, 2196;

with verbs of teaching and training, 2197;

with verbs of bidding, forbidding, allowing, 2198-2202;

with verbs of hindering, 2203, 1960;

as subst. acc., 2204-2206;

as subj., 2207-2215;

of exclamation, 2216;

use of pres., 2218-2222, 2236;

use of perf., 2218, 2220, 2223-2231;

use of fut., 2218, 2232-2236;

fut. pass., use of, 2273;

with verbs signifying represent, 2299;

in declarative sentences in ind. disc., 2312;

in rhetorical questions in ind. disc., 2313;

in rel. sentences equivalent to main sentences in ind. disc., 2316;

in conjunctive particle sentences in ind. disc., 2317;

force of tenses in ind. disc., 2321;

use of tenses in conditional apodoses in ind. disc., 2330-2334;

use of reflexive pron. in construction of acc. with infin., 2338-2340;

partic. in agreement with, 1373;

act. and pass., with forms of coepi and desino, 1483;

with forms of possum, queo, nequeo, 1484;

with noli, fuge, parce, mitte, &c., 1583, 1584;

of intimation, 1534-1539;

used interrogatively, 1538;

after cum, ubi?, ut, postquam, 1539, 1868, 1869, 1924;

after donec, 2009;

sequence after, 1717, 1766-1769;

with dignus, indignus, idoneus, aptus, 1819;

with quam, 1898;

with verbs of fearing, 1959;

with sequitur, efficitur, 1965;

with non dubito, 1987.

Inflection,

defined, 397;

of the noun, 398-712, see Gender, Number, Case, Declension;

of the verb, 713-1022, see Conjugation, Formation, Verbs.

Influence,

abl. of, 1316-1319;

otherwise expressed, 1317;

see Inducing.

Initial,

disappearance, of vowel, 112;

of cons., 169.

Injuring,

expressions of, case with, 1181-1185.

Inscriptions,

cons. i, how represented in, 29, 2;

i longa in, 24;

long vowel, how represented in, 29;

the apex in, 29;

ou in, 100;

ai in, 96;

e in, 29, 1;

oi, oe, ei in, 99;

final m dropped in, 61, 443, 465, 564;

final s dropped in, 465, 507, 564, 593;

ablatives in -ad, -od, -id, -ud, in, 426, 443, 465, 507, 593;

case forms of -a- decl. in, 443;

of -o- decl. in, 465;

of cons. decl. in, 507;

of -i- decl. in, 564;

of -u- decl. in, 593;

of ego, tu, sui in, 651;

of meus, tuus, suus in, 654;

of hic in, 665;

of ille in, 668;

of is in, 674;

of

idem in, 678;

of qui, quis in, 690;

person endings in, 729;

form of sum in, 748;

form of possum in, 753;

forms of eo in, 764, 765;

form of tuli in, 781;

fut. perf. in, 884, 888;

perf. subjv. in, 877, 887;

pass. infin. in, 897, 965;

use of nom. in, 1114.

Instrument,

suffixes denoting, 238-245, 213, 224;

abl. of, 1377-1384, 1476, 1477.

Instrumental case,

meaning of, 1300;

uses of, 1356-1399, see Ablative.

Intensive,

verbs, definition and formation of, 371-374;

pron., decl. of, 656, 657, 679, 680;

use of, 2374-2384;

see ipse.

Intention,

dat. of, 1223-1225.

Interest,

dat. of, 1205-1210;

expressed by emotional dat., 1211.

Interjections,

defined, 14;

used with nom., 1117, 1123;

used with voc., 1123;

used with dat., 1206;

used with acc., 1149, 1150;

used with gen., 1295;

hiatus after, 2475;

monosyllabic, not elided, 2484.

Intermediate,

coordinate sentence, treated, 1693-1713.

Interrogations,

neg. adv. in, 1443;

as apod. in tam . . . quam sentences, 1889.

Interrogative adverbs, 711, 1526.

Interrogative implication,

infin. of intimation with, 1538.

Interrogative pronouns,

decl. of, 658, 659, 681-694;

adj. and subst. forms of, 683-685;

use of, in simple sentences, 1526-1533, 1787-1791;

in subjv. questions, 1563-1570;

in indirect question, 1785, 1786;

quid tibi? hanc curatiost rem, 1136:

of kindred meaning with verb, 1144, 1840, 1851;

with verbs of intrans. use, 1183-1186;

with emotional dat., 1211;

with refert, interest, 1276-1279;

rel. developed from, 1795, 1808;

difference between uter and quis, qui, 2385;

difference between quis, quid, and qui, quod, 2386.

Interrogative sentences,

defined, 1025;

quisquam and ullus in, 2402;

see Questions.

Interrogative subjunctive, 1563-1569;

in subordinate sentence, 1731;

in indirect question, 1786.

Intimation,

infin. of, 1534-1539, 1717, 1868, 1869, 1924, 2009.

Intransitive use,

verbs of, used impersonally in pass., 724, 1479;

verbs of trans. use used as, 1133;

used transitively, 1137, 1139, 1191;

with dat., 1181-1191, 1205;

use of gerundive of, 2246.

Ionic,

rhythms, 2708-2717;

a maiore, 2708-2713;

a minore, 2708, 2709, 2714-2717;

system, in Horace, 2737.

Ionic a maiore,

defined, 2521;

see Ionic.

Ionic a minore,

defined, 2521;

see Ionic.

Irrational syllables and feet, 2524.

Irregular,

verbs, defined, 743;

conjugated, 744-781, see Conjugation.

Islands,

names of, in acc., with expressions of motion, 1157, 1158;

constructions with, to denote place from which, 1307-1310;

constructions with, to denote place in or at which, 1331-1336, 1342, 1343;

rel. advs., ubi?, quo, unde, referring to, 1793.

Iterative,

see Frequentative.

Ithyphallic verse, 2647.

J

Joy,

verbs of, with quod, quia, 1851;

with cum, 1851, 1875;

with acc. and infin., 2187, 2188, 2184.

Judicial,

verbs, with gen., 1280-1282;

with abl., 1280-1282;

with gen. of gerundive construction, 2264.

K

Keeping,

verbs of, with two accusatives, 1167;

with pred. abl., 1363.

Kindred,

derivation, acc. of, 1140, 1173;

meaning, acc. of, 1141.

Know how,

verbs meaning, with infin., 2169.

Knowing,

verbs of, coordinated, 1696;

with indirect question, 1774;

with acc. and infin., 2175;

time of infin. with, 2219, 2226;

adjs. meaning, gen. with, 1263, 1264.

Known,

adjs. meaning, cases with, 1200.

L

Labials, 45, 77;

labial mute stems, decl. of, 479, 480.

Labiodental, 77.

Lacking,

adjs. of, with gen., 1263;

with abl., 1306;

verbs of, with gen., 1293;

with abl., 1293, 1302-1306.

Lamentation,

expressed by infin., 2216.

Laws,

duim, &c. in, 756;

forms of perf. subjv. and fut. perf. in, 887;

infin. in -ier in, 897;

imper. in, 1575, 1586;

use of -que in, 1649;

use of ast in, 1685;

extra quam in, 1894;

quo of purpose in, 1974;

quandoque in, 2012, 2014.

Learn,

verbs meaning, with infin., 2169.

Leaving,

verbs of, infin. of purpose with, 2165.

Legal,

see Laws.

Lengthening,

of vowels, 121-123;

by compensation, 121;

in gen. plur., 123, 462.

Letters,

tenses in, 1601, 1616;

of alphabet, see Alphabet.

Letting,

verbs of, with gen., 1274;

with abl., 1388-1392.

Lightening, 168.

Like,

adjs. meaning, cases with, 1200.

Loathing,

verbs of, with gen., 1286.

Local sentences, 1716.

Locative case,

defined, 420;

in what words used, 420;

form of, in -a- stems, 438, 443;

in -o- stems, 457, 460;

in cons. stems, 504;

in -i- stems, 554;

in -u- stems, 594;

of hic, 665;

of qui, quis, 689;

used as adv., 708, 709, 1340;

meaning of, 1299;

uses of, 1331-1355;

attached to subst., 1301, 1331;

in dates, 1307, 1331;

of names of towns and islands, 1331-1335;

meaning near, 1331;

with attribute, 1332, 1333;

of names of countries, 1336;

domi, ruri, humi, orbi, 1337;

belli, militiae, 1338;

of other appellatives, 1339;

joined with loc. adv., 1340;

denoting time when, 1341;

as abl., 1342-1355, see Ablative;

quin, use of, 1980-1990;

si, 2015.

Logaoedic rhythms, 2650-2674.

Loss,

see Disappearance.

M

Main,

sentences, in ind. disc., mood of, 2312-2314.

Making,

verbs of, with two accusatives, 1167;

with pred. abl., 1363.

Manner,

expressed by neut. acc. of adj., 1142;

abl. of, 1358-1361;

expressed by abl. abs., 1367;

denoted by advs., 700, 704, 710, 1438;

denoted by abl. of gerundive construction or gerund, 2266;

expressed by partic., 2295.

Masculine,

gender, general rules for, 405, 406;

for cons. and -i- stems, 571-576;

caesura, 2557.

Mastery,

verbs of, with gen., 1292;

with abl., 1379;

with acc., 1380.

Material,

substs., defined, 6;

substs., plur. of, 416, 1108;

adj. suffixes denoting, 299-301;

abl. of, 1312-1315, 1426;

expressed by gen., 1232;

expressed by adj., 1427.

Maxims,

imper. in, 1575, 1586.

Means,

suffixes denoting, 238-245, 213, 224;

expressed by abl. abs., 1367;

abl. of, 1377-1384;

expressed by cum, 1874;

expressed by quod, quia, 1850;

expressed by qui, 1826;

expressed by abl. of gerundive construction or gerund, 2266;

expressed by partic., 2295.

Measure,

abl. of, 1388-1392;

expressed by gen., 1255;

unit of, defined, 2515.

Medial,

disappearance, of vowel, 112;

of cons., 170.

Meditative,

verbs, definition and formation of, 375;

the, 970.

Memory,

adjs. of, with gen., 1263;

verbs of, with gen., 1287-1291;

with acc., 1286, 1291;

with de and abl., 1289, 1291.

Mental distress,

verbs of, with gen., 1283-1286.

Metre, 2512.

Metrical lengthening, 123, 2.

Middle,

see Reflexive.

Military,

expressions, dat. in, 1223, 1225;

abl. in, 1356.

Mobile,

nouns, defined, 409;

substs., agreement of, 1078.

Modal sentences, 1716.

Modesty,

plur. of, 1074.

Molossus, 2522.

Monometer,

defined, 2536;

trochaic, 2649.

Monopody, 2531.

Monosyllables,

defective in case, 430;

quantity of, 2430-2433;

rarely elided, 2484, 2485, 2487, 2494, 2495.

Months,

names of, adjs., 627;

decl. of, 627.

Moods,

names of, 715;

subjv. in simple sentence, syntax of, 1540-1570, see Subjunctive;

imper., uses of, 1571-1586, see Imperative;

indic. in simple sentence, syntax of, 1493-1533, see Indicative;

of subordinate sentence, 1720-1731;

indic. in subordinate sentence, general rule, 1721;

indic. in subordinate sentence, in ind. disc., 1729, 2318;

subjv. of repeated action in subordinate sentence, 1730;

subjv. of wish, action conceivable, interrogation in subordinate sentence, 1731;

subjv. in indirect question, 1773-1786;

moods in rel. sentence, 1812-1830;

use of moods in ind. disc. and subjv. of attraction, 1722-1729, 2312-2320;

see quod, cum, &c.

Mora, 2515.

Motion,

aim of, denoted by acc., 1157-1166;

end of, denoted by dat., 1210;

from, how expressed, 1307-1311;

abl. of route taken with verbs of, 1376;

verbs of,

with in and sub and acc., 1423;

with in and sub and abl., 1424;

with infin. of purpose, 2164;

with supine in -um, 1166, 2270.

Motive,

abl. of, 1316-1319;

expressed by abl. abs., 1367, 1317;

otherwise expressed, 1317;

introduced by quod, 1853;

expressed by tamquam, 1909.

Mountains,

names of, gender, 405, 406.

Multiplicatives, 2423.

Mutes, 73;

mute stems, decl. of, 471-480, see Declension.

N

Names,

of characters of alphabet, 16;

proper, defined, 5;

plur. of, 416, 1105;

form of gen. and voc. of, in -o- decl., 87, 457, 459;

with accent on final syllable, 83;

ending in -aius, -eius, -oius, declensional forms of, 458;

with attribute attached, 1044;

see Greek;

common, defined, 5;

of males, gender of, 405;

of females, gender of, 407.

Naming,

verbs of, with two accusatives, 1167;

with indef. subj., 1033.

Narration,

vivid, pres. of, 1590;

asyndeton in, 1639;

see Present.

Nasals, 76.

Near,

adjs. meaning, cases with, 1200-1203.

Necessary,

adjs. meaning, cases with, 1200-1203.

Necessity,

verbal expressions of, in conditional periods, 2074, 2101;

verbal expressions of, subjv. coordinated with, 1709;

verbal expressions of, in indic., 1495-1497;

expressed by subjv., 1552.

Need,

adjs. of, with gen., 1263;

verbs meaning, with abl., 1302-1306;

with gen., 1293.

Negative,

advs., general use of, 1443-1453;

with wishes, 1540;

with exhortations, prohibitions, &c., 1547;

two in one sentence, 1452, 1453, 1660, 1661;

non, with subjv. of action conceivable, 1554;

ne, non, in subjv. questions, 1563, 1566;

ne, neve, neque, non, nemo, with imper., 1581, 1582, 1586;

conjs., use of, 1657-1661, 2141-2144;

combination of, with affirm. conjs., 1665;

ne in coordinated subjv., 1706;

necne and an non in indirect questions, 1778;

meaning of haud scio an, &c., 1782;

ut ne, ne, ut non, &c., of purpose and result, 1947;

in conditional prot., 2020, 2021;

non, position of, in conditional sentences, 2067;

apod. in tam . . . quam sentences, 1889;

implied by perf., 1610;

answer, expected with -ne, -n, 1504;

expected with nonne, 1506;

expected with num, 1507;

how expressed, 1513;

sentence, quivis, quilibet, utervis, uterlibet in, 2401;

sentence, quisquam in, 2402.

Neglect,

verbs meaning, with infin., 2169.

Neuter,

gender, defined, 402;

general rule for, 412;

for cons. and -i- stems, 582-584;

nom. and acc. plur., form of, 423;

in -a, 130, 2; 461;

of -u- stems, 586;

of adjs., as substs., use of, 1093, 1101, 1106, 1250;

acc., of pron., with verbal expressions, 1144;

word, with partitive gen., 1247;

adjs., in gen. with verbs of valuing, 1271;

use of gerundive in, 2180, 2244, 2246, 2247.

Nine-syllabled Alcaic, 2642.

Nominative case,

defined, 419;

sing., of gender nouns, how formed, 422, 448, 495, 587, 598;

sing., of nouns with stems in -a-, -l-, -n-, -r-, -s-, how formed, 422, 434, 496-500;

sing., of neut. nouns, how formed, 423, 448, 496;

plur., of neut. nouns, how formed, 423;

lacking, see Defective;

of fem. and neut. in -a, -a, 130, 1 and 2;

in -or, -or, 132;

ending in d, 149; 171, 2.

-a- stems, with long final vowel, 130, 1; 436; 445;

in -as, 436;

inscriptional forms, 443;

Greek nouns, 444, 445.

-o- stems in -os and -us, 452;

in -us, -er, -r, 453, 454, 613-617;

in -ei, -eis, -is, 461, 465;

in -ai, -ei, -oi, 458;

neut. plur., in -a, 65, 461;

inscriptional forms, 465;

Greek nouns, 466.

Consonant stems, sing., how formed, 495-500;

plur., in -is, 505, 507;

inscriptional forms, 507;

Greek nouns, 508-512.

-i- stems, sing., how formed, 540-546;

plur., in -es, -is, -eis, -ia, -ia, 562, 564;

inscriptional forms, 564;

Greek nouns, 565.

-u- stems, inscriptional forms, 593.

Pronouns, without case ending, 645;

peculiar and inscriptional forms, of tuus, meus, suus, 653;

of hic, 663-665;

of ille, iste, 667, 668;

of illic, istic, 670;

of is, 673, 674;

of idem, 677, 678;

of ipse, 680;

of qui, quis, 688, 690;

alis, alid, for alius, aliud, 619.

Uses of, 1113-1123;

subj. of verb, 1113, 1027;

general, 1113;

as subj., in titles, &c., 1114-1116;

in exclamations, 1117;

as case of address, 1118-1123;

combined with voc., 1121;

with mihi? est nomen, &c., 1213, 1214;

pred., instead of dat., 1221, 1224;

with opus est, 1383;

as subj. of infin., 1535;

accompanying imper., 1571;

pred. noun with infin. in, 2184;

pred., see Predicate;

of gerundive construction, 2243-2249, 2251.

Non-occurrent,

action, tense of, in subordinate sentence, 1753, 2329;

protases of, defined, 2024;

treated, 2091-2118, see Conditional;

apodoses of, in ind. disc., 2331-2334.

Notation, 2406-2411.

Nouns,

defined, 3-8;

endings of, with shortened vowel, 129, 130;

with long vowel retained, 132;

formation of, 180-203;

roots and stems, 183-198;

without formative suffix, 195, 198, 199;

with formative suffix, 195-198, 200-203;

suffixes of, 204-364, see Formation;

compound, formation and meaning of, 379-390;

gender nouns, defined, 398, 402;

mobile, defined, 409;

epicenes, 411;

of common gender, 410;

inflection of, 398-712, see Gender, Number, Case, Declension;

with two forms of stem, 401, 413, 470, 475, 531, 545, 566-569, 603;

agreement of, 1077-1098, see Agreement;

use of, 1099-1468, see Ablative, &c., Substantives, Adjectives.

Nouns of the verb,

enumerated, 732;

formation of, 894-919, see Formation;

sequence of tenses following, 1766-1769;

uses of, 2160-2299;

see Infinitive, Gerund, Gerundive, Supine, Participles.

Number,

in nouns, defined, 414;

in verbs, defined, 722;

dual forms, 415;

nouns defective in, see Defective;

sing. and plur., with different meaning, 418, 480;

agreement of verb in, 1062-1076;

agreement of subst. in, 1077-1081;

agreement of adj. and partic. in, 1082-1098;

agreement of rel. pron. in, 1082-1098, 1801-1811, see Relative;

agreement of demonstrative and determinative prons. in, 1082-1098, see Demonstrative, Determinative;

sing., in collective sense, 1099;

sing., of a class, 1100;

sing., of neut. adjs. used as substs., 1101, 1093, 1250;

plur., of a class, 1104;

plur., of proper names, 1105, 416;

plur., of neut. adjs. used as substs., 1106;

plur., of names of countries, 1107;

plur., of material substs., 1108, 416;

plur., of abstracts, 1109, 416;

plur., in generalizations and in poetry, 1110;

denoted by gen. of quality, 1239;

denoted by advs., 1438.

Numeral adjectives,

decl. of, 637-643;

agreeing with a rel., 1810;

kinds of, 2404;

table of, 2405;

see Numerals.

Numeral adverbs, 2404;

table of, 2405;

forms in -iens, -ies, 2414.

Numerals,

cardinals, decl. of, 637-642, 431;

ordinals and distributives, decl. of, 643;

kinds of, 2404;

table of, 2405;

notation, 2406-2411;

some forms of, 2412-2418;

some uses of cardinals and ordinals, 2419;

some uses of distributives, 2420-2422;

multiplicatives, proportionals, and adjs. derived from numerals, 2423;

fractions, 2424-2428;

see Numeral Adjectives, Cardinal numerals, Ordinal, Distributive.

Numeri Italici, 2549.

O

Obeying,

expressions of, case with, 1181-1185.

Object,

of a subst., defined, 1046;

of a verb, direct, becomes nom. in pass., 1125;

constructions of, 1132-1150, 1167-1174, see Accusative;

subordinate sentence as, 1715;

expressed by sentence with quod, 1845;

complementary clause as, 1948;

infin. as, 2167-2206, see Infinitive;

of gerundive, 2247;

of gerund, 2242, 2255, 2259, 2265;

indirect, see Complement.

Objective,

compounds, defined, 384;

gen., 1260-1262;

gen., nostri, vestri used as, 2335.

Obligation,

expressions of, in indic. with infin., 1495-1497;

expressed by subjv., 1552;

expressed by gerundive, 2243, 2248.

Obligatory,

use of verb, 2306.

Oblique cases, 419.

Octonarius,

defined, 2536;

iambic, 2604-2609;

trochaic, 2636-2638;

anapaestic, 2684, 2685.

Office,

suffixes denoting, 216, 235;

titles of, with gerundive construction, 2254.

Often,

perf. expressing action often or never done, 1611.

Omission,

of prep., with several substs., 1430;

of antecedent of rel., 1798, 1799;

of subj. acc. of infin., 2183, 2184.

Open vowels, 46.

Optative,

see Wish.

Oratio Obliqua,

see Indirect Discourse.

Order,

see Command.

Ordinal,

numerals, decl. of, 643;

in acc., to express time, 1155;

with post and ante in expressions of time, 1394-1397;

list of, 2404, 2405;

in dates, 2419;

some forms of, 2412-2418;

with subst. not used in sing., 2419;

quisque with, 2397.

Origin,

adj. suffixes implying, 298, 302-330;

gen. of, 1232-1238;

expressed by abl., 1312-1315, 1309, 1426;

expressed by adj., 1427.

Ought,

verbs meaning, with infin., 2169.

Owner,

gn. of, 1232-1238.

P

Paeon, 2521, 2522.

Palatal, 44, 77.

Palimbacchius, 2522.

Pardoning,

expressions of, case with, 1181-1185.

Parentage,

denoted by abl., 1312.

Parentheses,

asyndeton in, 1642;

introduced by nam, et, &c., 1642;

quod sciam, qui quidem, 1829;

with ut, sicut, prout, 1905, 1940, 1942, 2017;

expressed by purpose clause with ut, ne, 1962;

si placet, &c., 2113.

Parisyllables,

defined, 515;

decl. of, 517-528, 540-569, see Declension;

gender of, 577-579.

Paroemiac, 2688, 2689.

Part concerned,

acc. of, 1147.

Participation,

adjs. of, with gen., 1263, 1264;

verbs of, with gen., 1292.

Participles,

defined, 732, 2278;

suffix, -nus, 296, 316-322;

in -mino-, 297;

agreement of, 1082-1093, see Agreement;

in dat., to denote person viewing or judging, 1217;

cause or motive expressed by, 1317;

question with, 1533;

rel. sentence coordinated with, 1820;

quamquam with, 1900;

quamlibet with, 1907;

quamvis, with, 1907;

intimating condition, 2110;

quasi, tamquam, ut, velut with, 2121;

with gerundive construction, 2254;

uses of, treated, 2278-2299;

character of, 2278;

time of, 2279-2281;

the attributive, 2282-2286;

expressing permanent condition, 2282;

compared, &c., 2284;

the subst., 2287-2292;

the appositive, 2293-2296;

representing rel. sentence, 2294;

expressing time, means, &c., 2295;

the predicative, 2297-2299.

Present, stem of, 543, 632;

abl. sing. of, 560, 633;

decl. of, 632, 633;

gen. plur. of, in -um, 563;

of sum, 749;

formation of, 901-903;

with gen., 1266;

in abl. abs., 1362;

in reflexive sense, 1482;

with verbs signifying represent and verbs of senses, 2298, 2299.

Perfect, formation of, 906-919;

lacking, 811, 905, 907, 922-1019;

advs. from, 704, 1372;

dat. of possessor with, 1216, 1478;

of origin, with abl., 1312;

in abl. abs., 1362, 1364;

of deponents, 907,, 1364, 1492, 2280;

abl. neut. of, used impersonally, 1372;

agreeing with sentence or infin., 1373;

with usus est and opus est, 1382;

used as subst., 1440;

with act. meaning, 1485;

with fui, fueram, fuero, 1609;

sequence after, 1766, 1767;

of contemporaneous action, 2280;

translated as abstract, 2285, 2286;

with habeo, facio, do, &c., 1606, 2297;

quantity of penult vowel in disyllabics, 2434-2436.

Future, formation of, 904, 905;

with sum, 802, 803;

with sum, use of, 1633, 1737, 1742, 1746, 1747;

use of, in conditional sentences, 2074, 2081, 2087, 2092, 2093, 2097, 2100, 2108;

in abl. abs., 1362;

as adj., 2283.

Perfect active, 907.

Particles,

interrogative, see Interrogative;

exclamatory, see Questions;

of wishes, 1540;

conjunctive particle sentence, 1838-2122, see Conjunctive.

Partitive,

gen., 1241-1254;

nostru?m, vestru?m used as, 2335.

Parts,

of speech, 2-15;

prin., of verbs, 733-735;

prin., classification of verbs according to, 920-1022, see Verbs.

Passive voice,

defined, 723, 1472;

of verbs of intrans. use, 724, 763, 1479;

nom. of, for acc. of act., 1125, 1473;

of compound verbs, with acc., 1138;

of verbs of feeling, commonly intransitive, 1139;

two accusatives of the act. in, 1167-1171, 1474;

act. of a different verb serving as, 1471;

defining acc. or acc. of extent or duration made subj. in, 1475;

verbs of trans. use used impersonally in, 1479;

the doer of the action how expressed with, 1318, 1319, 1476-1478, 2181, 2243;

use of, 1472-1485;

complementary dat. of act. made subj. in, 1181,

1480, 2202;

with reflexive meaning, 1481, 1487, 1148;

of coepi and desino, 1483;

perf. partic. with act. meaning, 1485;

deponents with force of, 1487;

deponents with meaning of, 1490;

perf. partic. of deponents with act. and pass. meaning, 907, 1364, 1492;

forms with fui, &c., 1609;

of verbs of perceiving, knowing, thinking, saying, &c., personal and impersonal constructions of, 2177-2182;

of iubeo, veto, sino, used personally, 2201;

with gerundive, 2251;

fut. infin., formation and use of, 2273.

Patronymics,

suffixes forming, 279;

gen. plur. of, 439.

Pauses, 2540.

Penalty,

denoted by gen., 1282;

denoted by abl., 1282.

Pentameter,

defined, 2536;

dactylic, 2570-2576.

Pentapody,

defined, 2531;

logaoedic, 2664-2668.

Penthemimeral caesura, 2544.

Penthemimeris, 2531.

Penult,

defined, 175;

when accented, 86, 87;

quantity of, in polysyllables, 2434-2436.

Perceiving,

verbs of, coordinated, 1696;

in pres. with postquam, ubi?, ut, &c., 1926;

with acc. and infin., 2175;

time of infin. with, 2219, 2226.

Perfect tense,

indicative, formation of, 854-875;

stem without suffix, 858-866;

stem in -s-, 867, 868;

stem in -v- or -u-, 869-875;

short or old forms, 885-893;

-runt and -re in 3rd pers. plur., 727;

quantity of vowel preceding -runt, -re, 856, 857;

-it, 857, 68;

reduplication of, 858-861, 922-932, 989, 995, 1011;

quantity of penult vowel in disyllabic perfects, 2434-2436.

Dative of possessor with, 1216, 1478;

in simple sentence, uses of, 1602-1613, 1616;

definite, defined, 1602;

historical, defined, 1602;

historical, function of, 1603;

historical, for plup., 1604;

definite, function of, 1605;

definite, expressed by habeo and partic., 1606;

definite, of inceptives, 1607;

definite, denoting pres. resulting state, 1608;

definite, pass. with fui, &c., 1609;

definite, other uses of, 1610-1616, 2027, 2030;

sequence of, 1717, 1740-1761, 2322-2324, 2326-2329;

in subordinate sentence, rel. time, 1733, 1736;

independent, 1738;

with cum, 1860, 1861, 1866, 1867, 1869, 1871;

with antequam, priusquam, 1912, 1917, 1920;

with postquam, ubi?, ut, &c., 1925, 1927, 1929, 1930, 1932;

with dum, donec, quoad, quamdiu, 1998, 2001, 2002, 2006, 2007, 2009;

in conditional prot., 2023, 2034-2041, 2066-2068;

in conditional apod., 2023, 2027, 2035, 2043, 2049, 2053, 2060, 2101, 2103-2105.

Subjunctive, formation of, 876-878;

short or old forms, 885-893;

in wishes, 1541, 1543;

in exhortations, prohibitions, &c., 1549, 1551;

of action conceivable, 1557, 1558;

with force of fut., 1541, 1549, 1551, 1558;

of repeated action, 1730;

sequence of, 1764, 1765;

in subordinate sentence, following primary, 1746, 1762, 1766, 1771, 2323;

following pres. of vivid narration and pres. of quotation, 1752;

following perf. definite, 1754;

following secondary, in rel., causal, and concessive sentences, 1756;

following secondary, in consecutive sentences, 1757;

following secondary, in indirect question, 1760;

following secondary, in ind. disc., 2328;

in sequence with adjacent verb, 1761;

of action non-occurrent, in pres. sequence, 1763;

in sequence with perf. infin., 1768;

with antequam, priusquam, 1913, 1916, 1919;

with ut purpose, 1962;

in conditional prot., 2023, 2070, 2072, 2084-2088, 2090;

in conditional apod., 2023, 2058, 2073, 2077, 2085, 2090;

with quasi, tamquam si, &c., 2119;

in ind. disc. representing a fut. perf., 2324.

Imperative, formation of, 813, 879;

pass., 1580.

Infinitive, see Infinitive.

Participle, see Participles.

Periods,

connection of, 2123-2159.

Periphrastic,

forms of the verb, 802-804;

fut. partic. with form of sum, 802, 803;

fut. partic. with form of sum, use of, 1633, 1737, 1742, 1746, 1747;

in conditional sentences, 2074, 2081, 2087, 2092, 2093, 2097, 2100, 2108;

gerundive with

sum, 804, 2101, 2243;

circumlocutions for perf. pass., fut. act., fut. pass. infin., 732, 898, 2273;

perf. pass. imper., 1580;

perf. with habeo, 1606, 2297;

fore, futurum esse, ut, 2233;

fore with perf. partic., 2234;

forms in conditional apodoses of action non-occurrent in ind. disc., 2331-2334.

Permission,

verbs of, subjv. coordinated with, 1710;

verbs of, with purpose clause, 1950;

expressed by quamvis, 1904;

expressed by quamlibet, 1907.

Permissive,

use of verb, 2307.

Person,

in verbs, defined, 721;

in imper., 731;

3rd pers. plur., in indef. sense, 1033;

agreement of verb in, 1062;

when subjects are of different pers., 1076;

when subj. is rel., 1807;

use of nos for ego, 1074;

order of persons, 1076;

pers. of qui, 1792.

Personal pronouns,

decl. of, 644-651;

possess., 652-655;

when used with 1st and 2nd pers., 1029;

possess. used instead of gen., 1234, 1262;

gen. of, used possessively, 1234;

preps. following, 1435;

use of nostru?m, vestru?m, nostri, vestri, 2335;

possess. omitted, 2346;

possess. meaning proper, appropriate, favourable, 2346;

ipse with, 2376;

see ego, &c.

Personal verbs,

impersonal verbs used as, 1181, 1284;

verbs of intrans. use used as, in pass., 1181, 1480, 2203;

verbs of perceiving, knowing, thinking, saying as, in pass., 2177-2182;

iubeo, veto, sino as, in pass., 2201.

Person endings,

vowel of, short, 129, 130;

vowel of, long, 132;

-mino in imper., 297, 731;

-mini in 2nd pers. plur., 297, 730;

function of, 713, 721;

table of, 726;

-runt and -re in perf., 727;

of 1st and 2nd pers., 728;

-ris and -re in 2nd pers. pass., 730;

in inscriptions, 729;

3rd pers. plur. -ont, -unt, 827.

Persuading,

verbs of, case with, 1181-1185;

subjv. coordinated with, 1712.

Phalaecean, 2664, 2665.

Pherecratean, 2659.

Phonetic,

see Sound.

Pity,

see Mental distress.

Place,

subst. suffixes denoting, 266, 228, 241, 242, 245, 249;

adj. suffixes denoting, 317, 321, 347;

advs. denoting, 708, 709, 1438;

expressed by loc., 1331-1341;

expressed by loc. abl., 1342-1349;

expressed by attributive prepositional phrase, 1426, 1233;

expressed by adj., 1427, 1233;

expressed by gen., 1427, 1232;

from which, advs. denoting, 710;

from which, how expressed, 1307-1311;

to which, advs. denoting, 710;

to which, how expressed, 1157-1166, 1210;

rel. advs., ubi?, quo, unde, 1793.

Places,

names of, see Towns.

Plants,

names of, gender, 407, 408, 573.

Pleasing,

expressions of, case with, 1181-1185.

Plenty,

see Fulness.

Pluperfect tense,

indicative, formation of, 880;

short or old forms, 885-893;

dat. with, 1216, 1478;

uses of, in simple sentence, 1614-1618, 1607, 1609;

of past action completed, 1614;

expressing past resulting state, 1615;

in letters, 1616;

for perf., 1617;

of time anterior to past repeated action, 1618;

of inceptives, 1607;

pass. with fueram, &c., 1609;

sequence of, 1717, 1740-1745, 1747, 1748, 1755-1760, 2322-2324, 2326-2329;

in subordinate sentence, rel. time, 1733, 1736;

independent, 1738;

with cum, 1860, 1861;

with antequam, priusquam, 1918;

with postquam, ubi?, ut, &c., 1928, 1929, 1932, 1933;

with dum, donec, 1997, 2009;

in conditional prot., 2023, 2048-2051;

in conditional apod., 2023, 2029, 2036, 2104, 2107.

Subjunctive, formation of, 881;

-et, 68;

short or old forms, 885-893;

in wishes, 1544;

in expressions of obligation or necessity, 1552;

of action conceivable, 1561;

of repeated action, 1730;

sequence of, 1762, 1763;

in subordinate sentence, following secondary, 1747, 1762, 1766, 1771, 2322;

following pres. of vivid narration and pres. of quotation, 1752;

following primary, 1753, 2329;

following perf. definite, 1754;

following perf. infin., or perf. partic., 1767;

with cum, 1872, 1873;

with quotiens, quotienscumque, 1887;

with antequam, priusquam, 1914, 1920, 1921;

with postea quam, postquam, &c., 1924;

with donec, 2009;

with indef. rel. pron. or adv., 1814;

in conditional prot., 2024, 2071, 2089, 2091, 2096, 2098-2107;

in conditional apod., 2024, 2041, 2071, 2073, 2083, 2089, 2091, 2095, 2099;

with quasi, tamquam si, &c., 2120;

in ind. disc. representing a fut. perf., 2324;

in conditional apod. of direct discourse, how represented in ind. disc., 2331-2334.

Plural number,

in nouns, defined, 414;

lacking, see Defective;

with different meaning from sing., 418, 480;

of material substs., 416, 1108;

of abstracts, 416, 1109;

of proper names, 416, 1105;

of names of countries, 1107;

in generalizations and in poetry, 1110;

adjs. in, used as substs., 1103, 1104, 1106;

in substs., in agreement, 1077-1081;

in adjs., prons., and partic., in agreement, 1082-1098;

in verbs, defined, 722;

with sing. and plur. subjects, 1062-1076;

of modesty, 1074;

of gerundive with nostri, &c., 2261.

Polysyllables,

quantity of penult in, 2434-2436;

quantity of final syllable in, 2437-2457.

Position,

syllables long by, 177;

syllable containing vowel before mute or f followed by l or r, 178;

final short vowel before word beginning with two consonants or double cons., 2458;

final s does not always make, 2468;

of preps., 1433-1437.

Positive,

expressing disproportion, 1454;

used in comparison of adjs. and advs., 1457, 1458;

combined with a compar., 1458;

expressed by compar. with abl., 1464;

see Comparison, Affirmative.

Possession,

adj. suffixes implying, 298, 302-330;

expressed by dat., 1207, 1212-1216;

expressed by gen., 1232-1238.

Possessive compounds, 385.

Possessive pronouns,

decl. of, 652-655;

agreement of, 1082-1098;

used instead of gen. of personal or reflexive pron., 1234, 1262;

with word in apposition in gen., 1235;

with refert and interest, 1277;

gen. of, with infin., 1237, 2208, 2211;

implying antecedent to rel., 1807;

of reflexive, referring to subj. of verb, 2336;

of reflexive, referring to word not subj. of verb, 2337;

of reflexive, in construction of acc. with infin., 2338-2340;

of reflexive, in subordinate clauses, 2341-2343;

omitted, 2346;

meaning proper, appropriate, favourable, 2346;

see meus, &c.

Possessor,

dat. of, 1212-1216, 1478, 2181, 2243.

Possibility,

expressed by subjv., 1554-1562;

denoted by gerundive, 2249;

verbal expressions of, see Ability.

Postpositive,

words, 1676, 1688;

preps., 1433-1436.

Posttonic syllable, 102.

Potential, use of verb, 2305;

see Action conceivable.

Prayer,

duim, &c. in, 756;

forms of perf. subjv. and fut. perf. in, 887;

expressed by imper., 1571;

in verse, 2549.

Predicate,

defined, 1023, 1035;

omitted, 1036;

enlarged, 1048-1054;

pred. subst., verb agreeing with, 1072;

agreement of pred. subst., 1077-1081;

in oblique case, 1052, 1363;

pred. adj., agreement of, 1082-1098;

pred. nom., with verb of indeterminate meaning, 1035;

with other verbs, 1051;

infin. as pred. nom., 2207;

noun, in nom. with complementary infin., 2171;

in acc., referring to subj. acc. 2174;

in nom., with verbs of perceiving, knowing, &c., used in pass., 2177;

in nom., with verbs of perceiving, knowing, &c., used in act., 2184;

in acc., referring to unexpressed indef. subj. of infin., 2213;

in dat., with implied subj. of infin., 2214;

in acc., with verbs of making, choosing, naming, &c., 1167, 1168;

pred. uses of gen., 1236, 1237, 1239, 1251;

pred. use of abl. of quality, 1375;

with utor. 1381;

pred. partic. with usus est, opus est, 1382;

pred. use of prepositional expressions, 1428;

pron. agreeing with pred. subst., 1097, 1806;

pred. use of gen. of gerundive construction, 2262-2264;

see Predicative.

Predicative,

dat., 1219-1225;

partic., 2297-2299.

Prefixes,

advs. as verbal, 1402-1409.

Prepositions,

defined, 11, 696, 1402;

as proclitics, 92;

accent of, when following case, 92;

how written in inscriptions and mss., 92;

as positive, 357;

compounded with nouns or noun stems, 381-383, 385, 390;

compounded with verbs, 391, 392;

inseparable, 392, 1409;

origin of, 696, 1402-1404;

function of, 1405;

inflected forms of substs. used as, 1406, 1413, 1419, 1420;

trace of adverbial use in tmesis, 1407;

use as advs. and as preps. discussed, 1412-1416, 1421;

used with acc., 1410-1416;

used with abl., 1415-1421;

used with abl. proper, 1297, 1415, 1419-1421;

used with loc. abl., 1299, 1416;

used with instrumental abl., 1300;

with acc. or abl., 1422-1425, 1415;

substs. combined by, 1426-1428;

repetition of, with two or more substs., 1429;

omission of, with a second subst., 1430;

two. with one subst., 1431, 1432;

position of, 1433-1437;

in oaths, 1437;

verbs compounded with, cases after, 1137, 1138, 1188-1191, 1194-1199, 1209;

with infin. as obj., 2205;

with gerundive construction or gerund in acc., 2252, 2253;

in abl., 2267;

with subst. and partic., 2285, 2286;

for special uses of different preps., see Index of Latin Words.

Present stems,

used as roots, 190-194, 855;

roots used as, 738-743, 828, 844.

Present system,

of verbs, formation of, 828-853.

Present tense,

indicative formation of, 828-840;

-it, -at, -et, 132;

-or, 132;

dat. of possessor with, 1216, 1478, 2181;

uses of, in simple sentence, 1587-1593, 1601;

of pres. action, 1587;

of customary or repeated action, or general truth, 1588;

of past action, still continued, 1589;

of vivid narration, 1590, 1639;

the annalistic, 1591;

of verbs of hearing, seeing, saying, 1592;

in quotations, 1592;

of fut. action, 1593, 2026;

in letters, 1601;

sequence of, 1717, 1740-1746, 1749-1753, 2322-2324, 2326-2329;

in subordinate sentence, rel. time, 1733-1735;

independent, 1738;

with cum, 1860-1862, 1866, 1867, 1869, 1871;

with quoniam, 1883;

with antequam, priusquam, 1915, 1918;

with postquam, ubi?, ut, &c., 1926, 1927, 1930, 1932;

with dum, donec, quoad, quamdiu, 1995, 2000, 2001, 2006, 2007, 2009;

in conditional prot., 2023, 2026-2033, 2065-2068, 2074;

in conditional apod., 2023, 2026, 2034, 2042, 2048, 2052, 2059, 2078.

Subjunctive, formation of, 841-843;

-it, -at, -et, 132;

-ar, 132;

in wishes, 1541, 1542;

in exhortations, prohibitions, &c., 1548, 1550, 1551;

of action conceivable, 1556;

of repeated action, 1730;

primary, 1762;

referring to fut. time, 1743, 1749;

following perf. definite, 1754;

following secondary in rel., causal, and concessive sentences, 1756;

following secondary in consecutive sentences, 1757;

following secondary in indirect question, 1760;

following secondary in ind. disc., 2328;

in sequence with adjacent verb, 1761;

of action non-occurrent, in pres. sequence, 1763;

in sequence with perf. infin., 1768;

with antequam, priusquam, 1912, 1915, 1919;

with ut purpose, 1962;

with dum, donec, quoad, 2003, 2005, 2007;

with modo, 2003;

in conditional prot., 2023, 2070, 2072, 2076-2083, 2090, 2093, 2096;

in conditional apod., 2023, 2033, 2039, 2046, 2057, 2064, 2070, 2076, 2084, 2090;

with quasi, tamquam si, &c., 2119;

in ind. disc. representing a fut., 2324.

Infinitive, see Infinitive.

Participle, see Participles.

Preventing,

see Hindering.

Priapean, 2674.

Price,

gen. of, 1271;

abl. of, 1388-1392.

Primary tenses, 1717, 1762.

Primitive,

defined, 198;

substs., 204-245, see Substantives;

adjs., 280-297, 305, see Adjectives;

verbs, theme in, 738-741;

inflection of, 743-791;

formation of pres. stem of, 828-838;

list of, 922-986, see Verbs.

Principal cases, 1111, 1112.

Principal parts,

of the verb, 733-735;

classification of verbs according to, 920-1022, see Verbs.

Privation,

see Separation.

Proceleusmatic, 2521.

Proclitics, 92.

Prohibitions,

expressed by subjv., 1547-1551;

expressed by imper., 1581-1586;

expressed by fut., 1624;

perf. infin. with volo, nolo in, 2224.

Promise,

expressed by fut., 1619;

implication of, in fut. perf., 1629.

Promising,

verbs of, with acc. and infin., 2186;

with pres. infin., 2186, 2221, 2236.

Pronominal,

see Pronouns.

Pronoun,

questions, 1526-1530;

questions, indirect, 1785.

Pronouns,

defined, 9;

as proclitics, 92;

inflection of, 644-694;

personal, 644-651;

reflexive, 644-651;

possess., 652-655;

demonstrative, 656-670;

determinative, 656-659, 671-675;

of identity, 656-659, 676-678;

intensive, 656-659, 679, 680;

rel., interrogative, indef. 656-659, 681-694;

interrogative, adj. and subst. forms of, 683-685;

indef., adj. and subst. forms of, 686;

reduplicated, 650;

correlative, 695, 1831;

advs. from, 696-698, 701, 702, 704-710.

Agreement of, 1093-1098, 1801-1811, see Agreement;

adj., equivalent to gen., 1098, 1234, 1262;

used in neut. acc. with verbal expressions, 1144;

as connectives, 2129-2132;

use of, in ind. disc., 2325, 2338-2342;

use of, 2335-2403;

use of personal, 2335;

use of reflexive, 2336-2345;

use of possess., 2346;

use of hic, 2347-2355;

use of iste, 2356, 2357;

use of ille, 2358-2364;

use of is, 2365-2370;

use of idem, 2371-2373;

use of ipse, 2374-2384;

use of uter, quis, 2385, 2386;

use of rel., 1792-1837;

use of indef. quis, qui, 2388, 2389;

use of aliquis, 2390, 2391;

use of quidam, 2392, 2393;

use of quisque, 2394-2398;

use of uterque, 2399, 2400;

use of quivis, quilibet, utervis, uterlibet, 2401;

use of quisquam, ullus, 2402;

use of nemo, nihil, nullus, neuter, 2403;

place of reciprocal taken by inter nos, &c., invicem, &c., 2344, 2345;

see Relative, &c., qui, &c.

Pronunciation,

of names of characters of alphabet, 16, 31-72;

of vowels, 33, 37-42;

of diphthongs, 47, 49;

of consonants, 53-72;

change of sound of vowels, 103-145;

of diphthongs, 95-101;

of consonants, 146-174;

rules of vowel quantity, 34-36, 2429-2472, see Quantity;

division of syllables, 175;

long and short syllables, 177, 178;

of es, est in combination with other words, 747;

see also Accent, Substitution, Development, Disappearance, Assimilation, Dissimilation, Interchange, Lengthening, Shortening, Weakening, Hiatus, Contraction, Elision.

Proper,

names, defined, 5;

of -o- decl., form and accent of voc. and gen. sing. of, 87, 456-459;

with accent on final syllable, 88;

plur. of, 416, 1105;

ending in, -aius, -eius, -oius, declensional forms of, 458;

with attribute attached, 1044;

see Greek.

Proportionals, 2423.

Propriety,

verbal expressions of, in indic., 1495-1497;

subjv. coordinated with verbal expressions of, 1709;

verbal expressions of, in conditional periods, 2074, 2101;

expressed by subjv., 1547-1552;

expressed by gerundive construction, 2243, 2248.

Prosody, 2429-2739;

see Quantity, Figures of prosody, Versification.

Protasis,

defined, 1061;

fut. perf. in, coincident in time with fut. perf. in apod., 1627;

concessive, 2116;

see Conditional, Relative, Conjunctive.

Protest,

introduced by sentence with quod, 1842.

Protestations,

subjv. in, 1542;

fut. in, 1622;

ita . . . ut, 1542, 1622, 1937.

Protraction, 2516.

Proviso,

introduced by ut, ne . . . ita, 1964;

by dum, 2003;

by modo, 2003.

Punishment,

see Penalty.

Purpose,

dat. of, 1223-1225;

clauses, tense of, after perf. definite, 1754;

rel. sentences of, 1817;

expressed by quod, id, 1840;

sentences of, with priusquam, 1919;

sentences of, with ut, ne, &c., 1947-1964;

sentences of, with quo, 1974;

sentences of, with adv. qui, 1976;

sentences of, with dum, donec, &c., 2005-2009;

infin. of, 2164, 2165;

expressed by acc. of gerundive construction, 2250;

expressed by dat. of gerundive construction, 2256;

expressed by gerundive construction or gerund with causa, 2164, 2258, 2270;

expressed by gen. of gerundive construction alone, 2263;

expressed by gen. of gerund alone, 2263;

expressed by acc. of gerundive construction or gerund with ad, 2164, 2270;

denoted by supine, 1166, 2270;

expressed by partic., 2295;

use of reflexive pron. in subjv. clauses of, 2341, 2342.

Pyrrhic, 2522.

Pythiambic strophe,

in Horace, 2722, 2723.

Q

Qualitative,

vowel changes, 136-143;

gradation, 145.

Quality,

subst. suffixes denoting, 246-264;

adj. suffixes denoting, 281-297;

gen. of, 1239, 1240;

abl. of, 1375.

Quantitative,

vowel gradation, 135;

verse, 2548;

theory of the Saturnian, 2551.

Quantity,

of diphthongs, 47, 125;

how denoted in inscriptions, 24, 29;

how denoted in books, 30, 2514;

common, definition and sign of, 30, 2514;

pronunciation of long and short vowels, 33, 38-40;

change in quantity of vowels and preservation of long quantity, 123-133;

long and short syllables, 177;

of syllable containing vowel before mute or f followed by l or r, 178;

general principles of vowel quantity, 35-36;

vowel before another vowel or h, 35;

diphthong before a vowel, 125;

compounds of prae, 125;

gen. in ai, 127, 7;

length of e in die?i, re?i, fide?i, e?i, 127, 4; 601, 602;

the endings -ai, -ais, -oi, -ois, -ei, -eis, 127,7;

gen. in -ius, -ius, 127, 6; 618, 656, 657, 694;

vowel before nf, ns, cons. i, gn, 122;

as determining accent, 86-88;

-it in perf., 857;

i, i, in perf. subj. 877, 878;

i, i, in fut. perf., 883, 884;

rules of, in classical Latin, 2429-2463;

monosyllables, 2430-2433;

penults, 2434-2436;

final syllables ending in vowel, 2437-2446;

final syllables ending in single cons. not s, 2447-2450;

final syllables ending in s, 2451-2457;

position, 2458;

hidden, 2459-2463;

some peculiarities of, in old Latin, 2464-2469;

law of Iambic shortening, 2470-2472;

in versification, 2514-2518.

Quaternarius,

iambic, 2617-2620;

trochaic, 2643;

anapaestic, 2687.

Questioning,

verbs of, with two accusatives, 1169-1171;

with acc. and prepositional phrase, 1170;

with indirect question, 1774.

Questions,

indic. in, 1499;

commoner in Latin than in English, 1500;

two, short (quid est, quid vero, &c.) leading to longer, 1500;

kinds of, 1501.

Yes or No questions, 1501-1525;

confounded with exclamations and declarations, 1502;

without interrogative particle, 1502;

with non, 1502;

with -ne, -n, 1503-1505;

with nonne, 1503, 1506;

with nonne . . . non . . . non, 1506;

with num, 1503, 1507;

with numne, 1507;

an, anne, an non in single, 1503, 1508;

with ecquis, ecquo, ecquando, en umquam, 1509;

with satin, satin ut, 1510;

how answered, 1511-1514.

Alternative, history of, 1515-1517;

without interrogative particle, 1518;

with utrum, -ne, -n, and an, anne, an non, 1519;

with necne, 1520;

with several alternatives, 1521;

with utrum, and -ne and an, 1522;

with utrumne . . . an, 1522;

with no alternative expressed, 1523;

how answered, 1525.

Pronoun questions, 1526-1530;

introduced by interrogative advs., 1526;

with ut, how, 1528;

with quisne, &c., 1529;

two or more with one verb, 1530.

Subjunctive questions, 1563-1570;

of appeal, 1563;

in alternative form, 1564;

asking whether action is conceivable, 1565;

in exclamative sentences, with no interrogative word or with -ne, 1566, 1567;

with uti, ut, 1568;

with uti, ut, and -ne, -n, 1569;

in subordinate sentence, 1731;

tense of, in subordinate sentence, 1753.

Indirect, defined, 1773;

subjv. in, 1773;

expressions introducing, 1774;

with verbs of fearing, 1774, 1959;

sequence of tenses in, 1760;

Yes or No questions as, 1775-1777;

introduced by si, si forte, 1777;

alternative questions as, 1778-1784;

introduced by qui scio an, qui scis an, quis scit an, 1781;

introduced by haud scio an, 1782;

without interrogative particle, 1784;

pron. questions as, 1785;

original subjv. questions as, 1786;

rel. constructions distinguished from, 1791;

use of reflexive pron. in, 2341, 2342.

Accusative without verb in, 1150;

verbal expressions denoting ability, duty, propriety, necessity in, 1495-1497;

in indic. pres. or fut., intimating command, exhortation, deliberation, appeal, 1531, 1623;

set forms expressing curiosity, incredulity, wrath, captiousness, 1532;

threats introduced by sci?n quo modo, 1532;

united with partic., abl. abs., or subordinate sentence, 1533;

coordinate with imper. or te rogo, sci?n, &c., 1697, 1787;

introduced by indef. nescio quis, &c., 1788, 1789;

mirum quantum, &c., 1790;

direct, defined, 1723;

question and answer, original form of rel. sentence, 1795;

in apod. of conditional sentence, 2018;

introduced by nam, 2155;

in ind. disc., 2312-2314;

use of uter, quis, qui, 2385, 2386.

R

Reason,

introduced by quod, 1853;

introduced by non quo, &c, 1855;

introduced by quoniam, 1884;

expressed by tamquam, 1909;

coordinated members denoting, 1703;

see Cause.

Recessive accent, 89-91.

Reciprocal,

action, deponents expressing, 1487, see Reflexive;

pron., place taken by inter nos. &c., invicem, &c., 2344, 2345;

relations, expressed by uterque and alter, 2400.

Redundant verbs, 818-823, 924-1019.

Reduplication,

defined, 189; in prons., 650;

in verb roots, 758, 828, 829;

in perf., 858-861, 922-932, 989, 995, 1011.

Reflexive pronouns,

decl. of, 644-651;

possess., 652-655;

possess. used instead of gen., 1234, 1262;

gen. of, used possessively, 1234;

preps. following, 1435;

referring to subj. of verb, 2336;

referring to word not the subj. of verb, 2337;

in construction of acc. with infin., 2338-2340;

in subordinate clauses, 2341-2343;

inter se, invicem inter se, invicem se, invicem, and expressions with alter, alius, for reciprocal, 2344, 2345;

possess. omitted, 2346;

possess. meaning proper, appropriate, favourable, 2346;

is used for, 2370;

ipse with, 2376;

see sui, suus.

Reflexive verbs, 1481;

pres. partic. of, in reflexive sense, 1482;

gerund of, in reflexive sense, 1482;

deponents, 1487;

with acc., 1148.

Reizianus versus, 2625, 2626.

Relation,

dat. of, 1217, 1218.

Relationship,

words of, with gen., 1203.

Relative adverbs, 711;

in place of rel. pron. and prep., 1793;

correlative prons. and advs., 1831;

adv., uti, ut, 1935;

quoad, 1991.

Relative conjunctive particles, 1794;

sentences introduced by, 1838-2122.

Relative pronouns,

decl. of. 658, 659, 681-694;

agreement of, 1094-1098, 1801-1811;

agreement determined by sense, 1095, 1804;

with several substs., 1096, 1803;

referring to proper name and explanatory appellative combined, 1805;

agreeing with pred. subst., 1097, 1806;

equivalent to gen., 1098;

verb agreeing in pers. with antec. of rel., 1807;

verb agreeing in pers. with antec. of rel. implied in possess., 1807;

rel. attracted to case of antec., 1808;

word in appos. with rel., 1809;

word explanatory of antec. agreeing with rel., 1810;

quod, id quod, quae res, 1811;

rel. introducing main sentence, 1835;

rel. introducing main sentence put in acc. with infin. in ind. disc., 2316;

with a compar., 1321, 1326;

preps. following, 1434, 1435;

introducing rel. sentence, 1792;

representing any pers., 1792;

rel. advs. instead of, 1793;

developed from interrogative pron., 1795, 1808;

quod before si, &c., 1837;

as connectives, 2128, 2131, 2132;

see qui.

Relative sentence,

treated, 1792-1837;

introduced by rel. words, 1792-1794;

development of, 1795;

preceding main sentence, 1795;

with subst. in both members, 1795, 1796;

following main sentence, 1796;

urbem quam statuo vostra est, 1797;

with determinative, demonstrative, subst., omitted, 1798;

qua prudentia es, nihil te fugiet, 1800;

indic. in, 1721;

tense of, after secondary, 1756;

subjv. of ind. disc. and attraction in, 1722, 1815;

subjv. of repeated action in, 1730, 1815;

equivalent to conditional prot., indic. or subjv. in, 1812, 2110;

of simple declarations or descriptions, indic. in, 1813;

introduced by indef. prons. and advs., indic. in, 1814;

of purpose, subjv. in, 1817;

of characteristic or result, subjv. in, 1818-1823;

with dignus, indignus, idoneus, aptus, 1819;

coordinated with subst., adj., or partic., 1820;

with antec. omitted, indef. antec., or nemo est qui, nihil est quod, &c., 1799, 1821, 1822;

sunt qui, &c., with indic., 1823;

of cause, reason, proof, concession, subjv. in, 1824-1830;

qui tamen with indic., 1825;

sentences with indic., resembling causal sentences, 1826;

quippe qui, ut qui, ut pote qui, with indic. and subjv., 1827;

quippe qui (adv.), ut qui, 1828;

parenthetical subjv., quod sciam, qui quidem, 1829;

quod attinet ad, &c., 1830;

following praeut, 1945;

coordination of rel. sentences, with rel. omitted, 1832, 1833;

with rel. repeated, 1833;

with second rel. replaced by is, hic, &c., 1833;

subordination of, 1834;

equivalent to main sentence, 1835;

equivalent to main sentence, in ind. disc., 2316;

other rel. sentences in ind. disc., 2315, 2318, 2319;

quo facto, &c., 1836;

coordinated member equivalent to, 1698;

represented by partic., 2294.

Relative time,

of subordinate sentence, 1732, 1741.

Remembering,

adjs. meaning, with gen., 1263, 1264;

verbs of, with gen., 1287-1291;

with acc., 1288;

with de and abl., 1289, 1290;

with infin., 2169.

Reminding,

verbs of, cases with, 1172, 1291.

Remove,

verbs meaning, with abl., 1302-1306;

with dat., 1195, 1209.

Repeated,

action (ter in anno, &c.), 1353;

expressed by pres. indic., 1588;

by impf. indic., 1596;

subjv. of, 1730; subjv. of,

in cum sentences, 1859, 1860;

subjv. of, in sentences with quotiens, quotienscumque, 1887;

subjv. of, in sentences with dum, donec, quoad, quamdiu, 1994, 2002, 2009;

with postquam, ubi?, ut, 1932;

in general conditions, 2026, 2034, 2035, 2037, 2044, 2050, 2071.

Represent,

verbs meaning, with pres. partic. used predicatively, 2298, 2299;

with infin., 2299.

Request,

expressed by imper., 1571;

expressed by fut., 1624;

verbs of, subjv. coordinated with, 1708;

with purpose clause, 1950.

Resemblance,

adj. suffixes denoting, 299-301.

Resisting,

verbs of, with dat., 1181;

with ne and subjv., 1960;

with quominus, 1977;

with quin, 1986.

Resolution, 2518.

Resolve,

verbs meaning, with purpose clause, 1950;

with infin., 1953, 2169;

with acc. and infin., 2193.

Rest,

verbs of, followed by in or sub and abl., 1423;

followed by in and acc., 1424.

Restraining,

verbs of, with ne, 1960, 1977;

with quominus, 1960, 1977;

with quin, 1986;

with acc. and infin., 2203;

with acc. of gerundive construction or gerund, 2252.

Result,

clauses, tense of, after secondary, 1757-1759;

rel. sentences of, 1818-1823;

with dignus, indignus, &c., 1819;

after assertions or questions of existence or non-existence, 1821, 1822;

sentences with ut, ut non, &c., 1947, 1948, 1965-1970;

tantum abest, 1969;

quam ut, 1896;

coordinated member equivalent to clause of, 1700;

dat. of, 1219-1222;

suffixes denoting, 213, 222, 231, 234-236, 239, 249, 296.

Rhetorical questions,

see Appeal.

Rhythm,

defined, 2511;

kinds of, 2525-2528;

Numeri Italici, 2549;

Saturnian, 2550-2554;

dactylic, 2555-2580;

iambic, 2581-2627;

trochaic, 2628-2649;

logaoedic, 2650-2674;

dactylo-trochaic, 2675-2681;

anapaestic, 2682-2690;

cretic, 2691-2697;

bacchiac, 2698-2706;

choriambic, 2707;

ionic, 2708-2717.

Rhythmical sentence, 2532, 2533.

Rhythmical series, 2532, 2533.

Rivers,

names of, gender, 405, 406;

decl., 518, 519, 549, 554, 556.

Roots,

defined, 183;

nature of, 184;

three kinds, noun roots, verb roots, pron. roots, 186;

two or more forms of one root, 187;

vowel and cons. roots, 188;

reduplicated, 189;

reduplicated in verbs, 758, 828, 829;

pres. stems used as, 190-194, 855;

used as stems, 195, 198, 199;

used as stems in verbs, 738-743, 844;

root stem, defined, 195;

root verbs, defined, 743;

root verbs, inflected, 744-781, 828;

prin. parts of root verbs, 922.

Route taken,

advs. denoting, 707, 1376;

abl. of, 1376.

S

Sapphic,

strophe, 2545;

the lesser, 2666;

the greater, 2671-2673;

in Horace, 2734, 2735.

Saturnian, 2550-2554.

Saying,

verbs of, with indef. subj., 1033;

in pres. of past action, 1592;

in plup., 1617;

ind. disc. with, 1724, 2309;

illogically in subjv. in clause introduced by qui, quod, cum, 1727, 2320;

coordinated, 1696;

with acc. and infin., 2175;

time of infin. with, 2219, 2226;

see Indirect discourse.

Scazon,

choliambus, 2597-2600;

trochaic tetrameter, 2639-2641.

Secondary cases, 1111, 1112.

Secondary tenses, 1717, 1762;

rules for use of, 1740-1772;

subordinate to indic., 1746-1761;

subordinate to subjv., 1762-1765;

subordinate to noun of verb, 1766-1769;

subjv. in ind. disc. or by attraction, 1770-1772, 2322-2324, 2326-2329;

perf. def. and pres. of vivid narration, 1717, 1752, 1754;

secondary sequence with primary, 1751-1753;

primary sequence with secondary, 1755-1760.

Seeing,

verbs of, in pres. of past action, 1592;

with indirect question, 1774;

in pres. with postquam, ubi?, ut, &c., 1926.

Selling,

verbs of, with gen., 1274;

with abl., 1388-1392.

Semi-deponents, 801, 1488.

Semi-elision, 2497.

Semi-hiatus, 2497.

Semiquinaria caesura, 2544.

Semiseptenaria caesura, 2544.

Semiternaria caesura, 2544.

Semivowels, 52.

Senarius,

defined, 2536;

iambic, 2583-2596.

Sentence,

defined, 1023;

simple, defined, 1024;

simple, enlarged, 1037-1054;

simple, combined, 1055;

simple, treated, 1099-1635;

declarative, defined, 1025;

exclamatory, defined, 1025;

imper., defined, 1025;

coordinate and subordinate, 1055-1061;

subordinate, history of, 1693-1695, 1705, 1706, 1957, see Subordinate sentences;

compound, defined, 1056;

compound, abridged, 1057;

compound, treated, 1636-1713;

complex, defined, 1058;

complex, varieties of, 1058-1061;

as advs., 712;

interrogative, defined, 1025, see Questions;

coordinate, treated, 1636-1692;

intermediate coordinate, treated, 1693-1713, see Coordination;

complex, treated, 1714-2122;

compar., defined, 1716;

local, defined, 1716;

temporal, defined, 1716, see Temporal;

modal, defined, 1716;

correlative, 1831;

main, introduced by rel. pron., 1835-1837;

conjunctive particle, 1838-2122, see Conjunctive;

connection of sentences, 2123-2159;

rhythmical, 2532, 2533;

see Conditional, Causal, Concessive, Final, Consecutive, Relative sentence.

Separating,

verbs of, with dat., 1195, 1209;

with gen., 1294;

with abl., 1302-1306, 1294;

with gerundive construction or gerund, 2268;

adjs. of, with gen., 1263;

with abl., 1306.

Separation,

expressed by supine in -u, 2277;

see Separating.

Septenarius,

defined, 2536;

iambic, 2610-2616;

trochaic, 2629-2635;

anapaestic, 2686.

Sequence of tenses, 1745-1772;

subjv. subordinate to indic., 1746-1761;

subjv. subordinate to subjv., 1762-1765;

subjv. subordinate to noun of verb, 1766-1769;

subjv. in ind. disc. or by attraction, 1770-1772, 2322-2324, 2326-2329.

Series,

rhythmical, 2532, 2533;

stichic, 2546.

Service,

adjs. of, with dat., 1200.

Serving,

verbs of, with dat., 1181, 1182.

Sharing,

verbs meaning, with gen., 1263.

Shortening,

of vowels, 124-132;

of vowel before another vowel, 124;

in final syllable, 129-132;

in nom. of -a- stems, 130, 1; 436;

in neut. plur., 130, 2; 461;

in abl. ending e of cons. stems, 502;

in verb endings, 130, 132;

in nom. ending -or, 132;

in mihi?, tibi?, sibi?, ibi?, ubi?, alicubi?, necubi, sicubi, ubinam, ubivis, ubicumque, ibi?dem, 129,2;

in iambic words in verse, 129, 1;

before -n for -sn, 129, 1;

in perf. ending -erunt, 857;

in perf. subjv., 876;

variations of quantity, 134;

in first syllable of ille, illic, quippe, immo, &c., 2469;

iambic, rule of, 2470-2472;

vowel before another vowel retained long, 127;

long vowel in specific endings in Old Latin, 132.

Showing,

verbs of, with two accusatives, 1167.

Sibilants, 79.

Simple,

words, defined, 181;

formative suffixes, defined, 200;

sentence, defined, 1024, see Sentence.

Singular number,

in nouns, defined, 414;

lacking, see Defective;

with different meaning from plur., 418, 480;

in substs., in agreement, 1077-1081, see Agreement;

in adjs., prons., partic., in agreement, 1082-1098, see Agreement;

in collective sense, 1099;

of a class, 1100;

neut., of adjs. used as substs., 1093, 1101, 1250;

of other adjs. used as substs., 1102, 1103;

in verbs, defined, 722;

in verbs, in agreement, 1062-1076, 1080, see Agreement;

of gerundive, with nostri, &c., 2260.

Smell,

verbs of, with acc., 1143.

Softening, 2504.

Sonants, 75.

Sotadean, 2712, 2713.

Sound,

one of the divisions of Latin Grammar, treated, 1, 16-179;

change of, in vowels, 55-113;

change of, in diphthongs, 80-88;

change of, in consonants, 114-154;

see Substitution, Development, Disappearance, Assimilation, Dissimilation, Interchange, Lengthening, Shortening, Weakening, Hiatus, Contraction, Elision, Affinities, Pronunciation, Accent, Quantity.

Sounds,

continuous, defined, 51;

momentary, defined, 51;

classified, 54.

Source,

abl. of, 1312-1315, 1426;

expressed by gen., 1232;

expressed by adj., 1427.

Space,

extent of, denoted by acc., 1151-1156, 1398, 1475;

denoted by abl., 1153, 1399.

Sparing,

expressions of, case with, 1181-1185.

Specification,

abl. of, 1385;

acc. of, see Part concerned;

gen. of, see Genitive.

Spirants, 78.

Spondaic verse,

defined, 2556;

use, 2566, 2567.

Spondee, defined, 2521;

irrational, 2524.

Statements,

general, with antequam, priusquam, 1912-1914;

particular, with antequam, priusquam, 1915-1921.

Stems,

defined, 195;

roots used as, 195, 198, 199;

root used as stem in root verbs, 738-743, 828, 844;

pres., used as roots, 190-194, 855;

new, how formed, 196;

root stem, defined, 195;

stem vowel retained before ending, in verbs, 367, 840;

retained in nouns, 400;

noun stems classified, 399;

noun stems, how found, 421;

how indicated, 421;

nouns with two forms of stem or two stems, 401, 413, 470, 475, 531, 545, 566-569, 603, 632;

prons. with, 645, 652, 672;

verbs with, 720, 818-823, 924-1019;

-a- stems of substs., decl. of, 432-445;

-o- stems of substs., decl. of, 446-466;

cons. stems of substs., decl. of, 467-512, see Declension;

-i- stems of substs., decl. of, 513-569, see Declension;

mixed, 513;

-u- stems, decl. of, 585-595;

-e- stems, decl. of, 596-607;

-o- and -a- stems of adjs., decl. of, 613-620, 432-466;

cons. stems of adjs., decl. of, 621-626, 467-512, see Declension;

-i- stems of adjs., decl. of, 627-636, 529-569, see Declension;

of pres. partic., 632;

of personal prons., 645;

of hic, 662;

of is, 672;

of ipse, 679;

of qui, quis, 681, 687-689;

of the verb, number of, 718;

defective verbs, 805-817;

formation of, 824-919, 365-375, see Formation;

verbs arranged according to prin. parts, 920-1022, see Verbs.

Stichic series, 2546.

Stipulation,

verbs of, with purpose clause, 1950.

Striving,

verbs of, with purpose clause, 1950;

with complementary infin., 1953.

Strophe,

defined, 2545;

Alcaic and Sapphic, 2545.

Stuff,

abl. of, 1312-1315;

gen. of, 1255.

Subject,

of sentence, defined, 1023;

subst. or equivalent word or words, 1026;

in nom., 1027;

when expressed and when omitted, 1028-1034;

enlarged, 1038-1047;

subordinate sentence as, 1715;

quod sentence as, 1845;

cum sentence as, 1871;

complementary clause as, 1948;

infin. as, 2167, 2207-2215;

perf. partic. as, 2289;

nom., of infin., 1535;

acc., of infin., 2173;

of infin., omitted, 1537, 2183;

gen. of, 1232-1238.

Subjunctive mood,

tenses of, 716;

how translated, 717.

Formation of tenses of, pres., 841-843;

impf., 849, 850;

perf., 876-878;

plup., 881;

short or old forms, 885-893.

Uses of, forms of possum and debeo in, 1498;

of desire, 1540-1553;

in wishes, 1540-1546;

in exhortation, direction, statement of propriety, obligation, necessity, prohibition, 1547-1552;

expressing willingness, assumption, concession, 1553;

of action conceivable, in simple sentences, 1554-1562;

accompanied by fortasse, &c., 1554;

velim, nolim, malim, 1555;

vellem, nollem, mallem, 1560;

in questions, in simple sentences, 1563-1569;

tenses of, in simple sentences, 1634, 1635;

tenses of, in subordinate sentences, 1740-1772;

sequence of tenses, 1740-1745;

subordinate to indic., 1746-1761;

subordinate to subjv., 1762-1765;

subordinate to noun of verb, 1766-1769;

tenses of, in ind. disc. and by attraction, 1770-1772, 2322-2324;

tenses of, in conditional protases in ind. disc., 2326-2329;

in coordination, 1705-1713, see Coordination;

in ind. disc., 1722-1727, 2312-2324, 2326-2329;

of attraction or assimilation, 1728;

of repeated action, 1730;

of wish, action conceivable, interrogation, in subordinate sentence, 1731;

of indirect question, 1773-1786, see Questions;

indic. questions apparently indirect, 1787-1791;

si, si forte with, 1777;

rel. sentence equivalent to conditional prot., 1812;

with indef. rel. prons. and advs., 1814;

rel. sentences of purpose in, 1816, 1817;

rel. sentences of characteristic or result in, 1816, 1818-1823;

with dignus, indignus, idoneus, 1819;

coordinated with subst., adj., or partic., 1820;

with antec. omitted, indef. antec., or nemo est qui, nihil est quod, &c., 1821, 1822;

rel. sentences of cause, reason, proof, concession in, 1824-1830;

quippe qui, ut qui, ut pote qui with, 1827;

parenthetical, quod sciam, qui quidem, 1829;

with quod, quia, 1838-1858;

with cum, 1859, 1870, 1872, 1873, 1877-1881;

with quoniam, 1882-1884;

with quotiens, quotienscumque, 1887;

with quam, 1896, 1897;

with quamquam, 1900, 1901;

with quamvis, 1904, 1905;

with quamlibet, 1907;

with tamquam, 1909;

with antequam, priusquam, 1911-1921;

with pridie quam, 1922;

with ubi?, ut quisque, 1932;

with uti, ut, ne, 1947-1970;

with ubi?, 1971;

with quo, qui, 1972, 1974-1976;

with quominus, 1977, 1978;

with quo setius, 1979;

with quin, 1980-1990;

with dum, donec, quoad, quamdiu, 1991-2009;

with modo, 2003;

with quando, 2010;

in conditional periods, 2023-2115;

with etsi, tametsi, tamenetsi, etiamsi, si, 2116;

with quasi, quam si, tamquam si, &c., 2117-2122;

use of reflexive in subordinate clauses containing, 2341, 2342.

Subordinate constructions,

history of, 1693-1695, 1705, 1706, 1740, 1957.

Subordinate relations,

expressed coordinately, 1693-1713, see Coordination.

Subordinate sentences, 1055, 1058-1061;

question in, 1533;

treated, 1714-2122;

how expressed, 1714;

value of, 1715;

names of, 1716;

tenses of indic. in, 1732-1739;

tenses of subjv. in, 1740-1772;

mood of, 1720-1731, 1773-2122;

following supine in -um, 2272;

introduced by supine in -u, 2275;

mood of, in ind. disc., 2315-2320;

use of reflexive pron. in, 2341-2343;

is used for reflexive in, 2370.

Subordination,

of rel. sentence, 1834.

Substantives,

defined, 4-7;

abstract, 7;

concrete, 5;

material, 6;

endings of, law of iambic shortening applied to, 129-132;

formation of, 180-203;

roots and stems, 183-198;

without formative suffix, 195, 198, 199;

with formative suffix, 195-198, 200-203;

suffixes of, 204-279, see Suffix;

compound, formation and meaning of, 379-390;

inflection of, 398-607, see Gender, Number, Case, Declension;

adjs. used as, with -e, -i in abl. sing., 558, 561, 631;

advs. from, 696-700, 703, 708, 710.

Modifiers of, 1038-1047;

obj. of, defined, 1046;

pred., see Predicate;

agreement of, 1077-1081, see Agreement.

Uses of, 1099-1468;

used adjectively, 1042;

adjs. used as, 1099-1104, 1106, 1093, 1250;

with acc. appended, 1129, 1136;

with dat. appended, 1183, 1208, 1225;

with gen., 1227-1262;

with abl. appended, 1301, 1307, 1309, 1314, 1342, 1375-1377;

with loc. appended, 1301, 1331;

omitted in abl. abs. 1371;

used alone as abl. abs., 1372;

used as preps., 1406;

combination of, by a prep., 1426-1428;

prepositional expressions equivalent to, 1428;

repetition of prep. with several, 1429;

omission of prep. with several, 1430;

two preps. with one subst., 1431, 1432;

qualified by adv., 1439-1441;

advs. used as, 1442;

subordinate sentences with value of, 1715;

expressed in both members of rel. sentence, 1795, 1796;

put before the rel., 1797;

omitted before rel., 1798;

rel. sentence coordinated with, 1820;

quod clause with value of, 1845;

complementary clause with value of, 1948;

infin. as subst. acc., 2204-2206;

with acc. of gerundive construction or gerund, 2252;

with dat. of gerundive construction 2254;

with gen. of gerundive construction or gerund, 2258;

the subst. partic., 2287-2292.

Substitution,

of consonants, 147-164, passim;

of l for d or r, 147, 148;

of r for s, 154;

of h for guttural aspirate, 152;

of b for p, 164, 2;

of g for c, 164, 6;

of d for t, 149, 2.

Suffix,

formative, defined, 195;

nouns with, 195-198, 200-203;

nouns without, 195, 198, 199;

simple and compound, defined, 200;

preceded by vowel, 202.

Substantive suffixes, 204-279;

primitive, 204-245;

denominative, 246-279, 226, 227, 232;

denoting agent, 204-211;

denoting action, 212-237, 249;

forming collectives, 228, 249;

denoting concrete effect, 213, 217, 224, 241;

denoting instrument or means, 238-245, 213, 224;

denoting result, 213, 222, 231, 234-236, 239, 249, 296;

denoting quality, 246-264;

denoting person concerned, 265, 309;

denoting place, 266, 228, 241, 242, 245, 249, 308, 309, 314, 334;

forming diminutives, 267-278;

denoting patronymics, 279.

Adjective suffixes, 280-360;

primitive, 280-297, 305;

denominative, 298-360, 287;

denoting active quality, 281-290, 293, 294, 296;

denoting passive quality, 291-297,

282, 283;

denoting material or resemblance, 299-301;

denoting appurtenance, 302-330;

denoting supply, 331-338;

forming diminutives, 339, 340;

compar. suffixes, 346-348;

superl. suffixes, 349-352;

denoting place, 317, 321, 347.

Adverb suffixes, diminutive, 341;

of compar. and superl., 361-364.

Verbal suffixes, denominative, 365-375;

frequentative or intensive, 371-374;

desiderative, 375;

meditative, 375;

inceptive or inchoative, 834;

-no, -to, -io, 832, 833, 835-838.

Pronoun suffix -met, 650, 655;

-pte, 655;

-ce, 662-664, 669, 670.

Summary,

asyndeton of, 2127.

Superlative,

Of adjs., suffixes of, 349-352;

of adjs. in -er, 344, 350;

of adjs. in -ilis, 345, 350, 359;

lacking, 359, 360;

formed from stems and roots, 342;

formed by maxime, 360.

Of adverbs, endings of, 361-363;

lacking, 364;

with gen., 1242.

Use of summus, &c., 1249;

abl. with words of superl. meaning, 1393;

used when two things are compared, 1456;

expressed by compar. and neg., 1462;

of more than two things, 1465;

strengthened by unus, quam, maxime, &c., 1466, 1892, 1903;

denoting high degree, 1467;

absolute, 1467;

of eminence, 1467, 1468;

strengthened by a compar., 1468;

accompanied by vel, 1671;

agreeing with a rel., 1810;

tam . . . quam qui, quantus, ut, &c., 1892;

double, with quam . . . tam, 1893;

represented by quamvis with adj. or adv., 1903;

ut quisque, quisque with, 1939.

Supine,

acc. or abl. of substs. in -tu- (-su-), 235, 2269;

the supines, verbal nouns, 732, 2269;

formation of, 900;

lacking, 900;

denoting purpose, 1166, 2270;

use of supine in -um, 2269-2273;

use of supine in -u, 2269, 2274-2277.

Surds, 75.

Surprise,

expressed by dat., 1211;

questions of, 1532, 1566-1569;

verbs of, with quod, quia, 1851;

with cum, 1851, 1875;

with acc. and infin., 2187, 2188, 2184;

expressed by infin., 2216.

Syllaba anceps, 2533, 2534.

Syllabic function, 22, 82, 83.

Syllables,

final, vowel of shortened, 129-132;

see Shortening;

vowel of retained long, 132;

quantity of, 177;

containing h, qu, 177;

containing short vowel before mute or f followed by l or r, 178;

division of, 175;

names of, 175;

irrational, 2524;

see Accent, Atonic.

Synaeresis, 2500.

Synaloepha, 2498.

Synapheia, 2510.

Syncope,

defined, 111, 168, 2508;

in versification, 2541.

Synecdochical,

acc., see Part concerned.

Synizesis, 117, 2499.

System,

the pres., 828-853, 365-367, 738-740;

the perf., 854-919, 738-740, see Formation;

in versification, defined, 2547.

SystolÉ, 2507.

T

Taking away,

verbs of, with dat., 1209;

with infin. of purpose, 2165.

Taking up,

verbs of, with infin. of purpose, 2165.

Taste,

verbs of, with acc., 1143.

Teaching,

verbs of, with two accusatives, 1169-1171;

with acc. and infin., 2197.

Telling,

verbs of, with indirect question, 1774.

Temporal,

sentences, defined, 1716;

subjv. of ind. disc. and attraction in, 1722, 2319;

subjv. of repeated action in, 1730;

cum, 1859-1873;

quoniam, 1882, 1883;

antequam, priusquam, &c., 1911-1922;

dum, donec, quoad, quamdiu, 1991;

quando, 2010-2012;

postquam, ubi?, ut, &c., 1923-1934;

coordinated member equivalent to, 1699.

Tempus,

in versification, 2515.

Tendency,

dat. of, 1219-1222.

Tenses,

of the indic., 716;

of the subjv., 716;

of the imper., 716;

meanings of, 717;

from two stems, 720;

formation of, 824-919, see Formation;

primary and secondary, 1717;

sequence of, 1740-1745.

In simple sentences, pres. indic., 1587-1593, 1601;

impf. indic., 1594-1601, 1495-1497;

fut., 1619-1625;

perf. indic., 1602-1613, 1616;

plup. indic., 1614-1618, 1607, 1609;

fut. perf., 1626-1632, 1607, 1609;

subjv., 1634, 1635, 1540-1569.

In subordinate sentences, indic., 1732-1739;

subjv., general remarks, 1740-1745;

subjv. subordinate to indic., 1746-1761;

subjv. subordinate to subjv., 1762-1765;

subjv. subordinate to noun of the verb, 1766-1769;

subjv. in ind. disc. or by attraction, 1770-1772, 2322-2324;

conditional protases in ind. disc., 2326-2329;

use in indirect questions, 1773-1791;

use in rel. sentence, 1792-1837;

use with conjunctive particles, 1838-2122.

Of infin., 2218-2236, 2321;

conditional apodoses in ind. disc., 2330-2334;

of partic., 2278-2299;

see Present, &c.

Ternarius,

iambic, 2621-2623;

trochaic, 2644-2646.

Tetrameter,

defined, 2536;

dactylic, 2577, 2578;

iambic, 2604-2609;

trochaic, 2629-2641;

anapaestic, 2684-2686;

cretic, 2694-2696;

bacchiac, 2701-2703;

ionic, 2712-2716.

Tetrapody,

defined, 2531;

logaoedic, 2660-2663.

Tetraseme, 2516.

Tetrastich, 2545.

Thanks,

expressed by fut., 1622;

ita . . . ut in, 1542, 1622, 1937.

Theme,

of verb, 738-740.

Thesis, 2520.

Thinking,

verbs of, with indef. subjv., 1033;

with two accusatives, 1167;

coordinated, 1696;

ind. disc. with, 1724;

illogically in subjv. in rel. clause, 1727, 2320;

with acc. and infin., 2175;

time of infin. with, 2219, 2226;

see Indirect Discourse.

Threat,

introduced by question, 1532;

expressed by fut., 1619;

implication of in fut. perf., 1629.

Threatening,

expressions of, case with, 1181-1185;

with acc. and infin., 2186;

with pres. infin., 2186.

Thymelicus, 2697.

Time,

duration of, denoted by acc., 1151-1156;

acc. of duration of made subj. in pass., 1475;

duration of, denoted by abl., 1355;

at which, denoted by acc., 1156;

at which, denoted by loc., 1341;

at which, denoted by abl., 1350, 1351, 1353;

within which, denoted by abl., 1352-1354;

before or after which, 1394-1397, 1154;

denoted by advs., 1438;

rel., of subordinate sentence, 1732, 1741;

independent, of subordinate sentence, 1738, 1744;

antequam with nouns denoting, 1920;

postquam with nouns denoting, 1929;

denoted by abl. of gerundive construction or gerund, 2266;

of partic., 2279-2281;

expressed by abl. abs., 1367;

expressed by partic., 2295;

see Temporal.

A, in versification, defined, 2515.

Titles,

of books, use of nom. in, 1114-1116;

of office, with gerundive construction, 2254.

Tmesis,

defined, 1407, 2509;

in quicumque, 692.

Towns,

names of, form of loc. case of, 438, 460, 504, 554;

decl. of, 518, 549, 554, 557;

in acc. with expressions of motion, 1157-1160;

used adjectively, 1233;

constructions with, to denote place from which, 1307-1310;

constructions with, to denote place in or at which, 1331-1336, 1342, 1343;

rel. advs., ubi?, quo, unde, referring to, 1793.

Transfer of quantity, 133.

Transition,

expressed by quid quod, 1849;

expressed by quoniam, 1884;

hic and ille in, 2353, 2360.

Transitive use,

verbs of, defined, 1133;

used intransitively, 1133, 1479;

verbs usually intransitive used as, 1137, 1139, 1191;

with double acc., 1138;

with dat., 1192-1199, 1205-1210;

used impersonally, 1479;

use of gerundive of, 2180, 2246, 2247;

use of gerund of, 2242, 2255, 2259, 2265.

Trees,

names of, gender, 407, 408, 573.

Trial,

expressions of, with si, si forte, 1777.

Tribrach, 2521.

Trimeter,

defined, 2536;

dactylic, 2579;

iambic (senarius), 2583-2596;

the choliambus, 2597-2600;

iambic, catalectic, 2601-2603;

cretic, 2697.

Tripody,

defined, 2531;

iambic, 2624;

trochaic, 2647, 2648;

logaoedic, 2659.

Triseme, 2516.

Tristich, 2545.

Trithemimeral caesura, 2544.

Trithemimeris, 2531.

Trochaic,

rhythms, 2628-2649;

tetrameter catalectic, 2629-2635;

tetrameter acatalectic, 2636-2638;

tetrameter claudus, 2639-2641;

nine-syllabled Alcaic, 2642;

dimeter acatalectic, 2643;

dimeter catalectic, 2644-2646;

tripody acatalectic, 2647;

tripody catalectic, 2648;

monometer, &c., 2649;

dactylo-trochaic, 2675-2681;

strophe, in Horace, 2721.

Trochee, 2521.

Trusting,

verbs of, case with, 1181-1185.

Try,

verbs meaning, with infin., 2169.

U

Undertaking,

verbs of, with gerundive construction, 2250.

Unfulfilled,

wishes, tenses of, 1544, 1545;

conditions, see Non-occurrent.

Union,

verbs of, case with, 1186.

Unit of Measure, 2515.

Unsyllabic function, 22, 82, 83.

Useful,

adjs. meaning, cases with, 1200;

with gerundive construction or gerund, 2252.

V

Value,

abl. of, 1388-1392.

Valuing,

verbs of, with gen., 1271-1275.

Variable,

vowel, 824-827, 839, 840, 758, 759, 366.

Variations of quantity, 134.

Velars, 44, 77.

Verbs,

defined, 12;

endings of, shortened, 129;

endings of, retained long, 132;

reduplicated verb roots, 758, 828, 829;

reduplicated perf., 858-861, 923-932;

primitive, theme in, 738-741;

compounded with nouns or noun stems, 384, 395;

with preps., 391, 392, 396;

with verb stems, 394;

with advs., 396;

root verbs, defined, 743;

irregular, defined, 743;

inflected, 744-781;

semi-deponents, 801, 1488.

Inflection of, 713-1022;

the stem, 714-720;

the person ending, 721-731;

nouns of the verb, 732;

prin. parts, 733-735;

designation of the verb, 736, 737;

theme of the verb, 738-740;

arrangement of the verb, 741, 742;

inflection of primitive verbs, 743-791;

inflection of denominative verbs, 792-797;

deponent, 798-801;

periphrastic forms, 802-804;

defective verbs, 805-817, 907, 922-1019;

redundant verbs, 818-823, 924-1019.

Formation of stems of, 824-919;

variable vowel, 824-827;

pres. indic. of root verbs, 828;

pres. indic. of verbs in -ere, 829-838;

pres. indic. of denominatives, 339, 840;

pres. subjv., 841-843;

imper., 844-846;

impf. indic., 847, 848;

impf. subjv., 849, 850;

fut., 851-853;

perf. indic., 854-875;

perf. subjv., 876-878;

perf. imper., 879;

plup. indic., 880;

plup. subjv., 881;

fut. perf., 882-884;

short or old forms, 885-893;

infin., 894-898;

gerundive and gerund, 899;

supine, 900;

pres. partic., 901-903;

fut. partic., 904, 905;

perf. partic., 906-919;

formation of denominative verbs, 365-375.

List of, 920-1022;

root verbs, 922;

verbs in -ere, perf. stem without suffix, 923-951;

verbs in -ere, perf. stem in -s-, 952-961;

verbs in -ere, perf. stem in -v-, 962-970;

verbs in -ere, perf. stem in -u-, 971-976;

deponents in -i, 977-986;

verbs in -are, perf. stem without suffix, 989, 990;

verbs in -are, perf. stem in -v-, 991, 992;

verbs in -are, perf. stem in -u-, 993;

deponents in -ari, 994;

verbs in -ere, perf. stem without suffix, 985-998;

verbs in

-ere, perf. stem in -s-, 999, 1000;

verbs in -ere, perf. stem in -v-, 1001-1003;

verbs in -ere, perf. stem in -u-, 1004-1007;

deponents in -eri, 1008-1010;

verbs in -ire, perf. stem without suffix, 1011-1013;

verbs in -ire, perf. stem in -s-, 1014, 1015;

verbs in -ire, perf. stem in -v-, 1016-1018;

verbs in -ire, perf. stem in -u-, 1019;

deponents in -iri, 1020-1022.

Use of, 1469-2299;

in 3rd pers. with indef. subjv., 1033;

omitted, 1036;

agreement of, 1062-1076, 1080, 1807, see Agreement;

gen. with, 1271-1294, see Genitive;

compounded, 1402-1409, see Prepositions;

sequence of tenses following noun of, 1766-1769;

use of nouns of, 2160-2299;

with acc. of gerund and gerundive, 2250, 2252;

with abl., 2254-2257;

some occasional peculiarities of, 2300-2307;

conative use, 2301-2303;

causative use, 2304;

potential use, 2305;

obligatory use, 2306;

permissive use, 2307;

cases with, see Ablative, &c., Prepositions;

of transitive and intransitive use, see Transitive use, Intransitive use;

impersonal, see Impersonal;

see Subjunctive, &c., Present, &c.

Verse,

defined, 2533;

treatment of end of, 2533;

dicolic, 2535;

asynartetic, 2535;

names of, 2536;

catalectic and acatalectic, 2537;

brachycatalectic, 2538;

catalectic in syllabam, &c., 2539;

verses combined to make strophe, 2545;

accentual and quantitative, 2548;

spondaic, 2556, 2566, 2567;

hypermetrical, 2568.

Versification, 2511-2739.

Vivid narration,

pres. of, 1590, see Present.

Vocative case,

defined, 420;

in what words used, 420;

origin of form of, in -o- decl., 71, 76;

form and accent of, in -o- decl., 172, 452, 454, 458, 459;

forms of, in Greek words of -a- decl., 445;

in Greek words of cons. decl., 509, 512;

in Greek words of -i- decl., 565;

of meus, 652;

use of, 1119-1123;

nom. used as, 1118-1123;

combined with nom., 1121;

used in pred., 1122;

accompanied by o, pro, eho, heus, au, &c., 1123;

use of tu, 1118, 1566, 1571;

accompanying imper., 1571;

as apod., 2112.

Voice,

in verbs, defined, 723, 1469, 1472;

see Active, Passive.

Voiced and Unvoiced, 75.

Vowels,

cons. and vowel i and u, 22, 52;

long and short, how denoted, 29;

classification of, 43-46;

pronunciation of, 33, 37-42;

vowel changes, 95-145;

see Lengthening, Shortening, Weakening, Diphthongs, Development, Disappearance, Hiatus, Contraction, Elision, Assimilation, Dissimilation, Gradation, Interchange;

rules of vowel quantity, 35, 36, 2429-2472;

vowel roots, defined, 188;

stem vowel retained before ending, in verbs, 367, 840;

in nouns, 400;

variable, 824-827, 758, 759, 829, 839, 840, 366;

long vowel in perf. stem, 862-865, 936-946;

vowel stems, substs. and adjs., see -i- stems.

W

Want,

verbs of, with gen., 1293;

with abl., 1302-1306, 1293;

adjs. of, with gen., 1263;

with abl., 1306.

Warding off,

verbs of, with dat., 1209.

Weakening,

of vowels, 102-109;

in medial syllables, 103-106;

in final syllables, 107;

of diphthongs, 108, see Diphthongs.

Weeping,

verbs of, used transitively, 1139.

Will,

expressed by fut., 1619;

shall and will, 1619;

verbs of, with purpose clause, 1949;

with infin., 2169;

with perf. infin., 2225.

Willingness,

expressed by subjv. of desire, 1553.

Winds,

names of, gender, 405.

Wish,

expressed by subjv., 1540-1546;

introduced by utinam, uti, ut, qui, modo, ne, non, nec, 1540;

with si, o si, 1546;

expressed by subjv. in subordinate sentence, 1731;

expressed by imper., 1571;

as prot. of conditional period, 2110.

Wishing,

verbs of, with double acc., 1172;

subjv. coordinated with, 1707;

with ut, ne, 1950;

with infin., 2169;

with acc. and infin., 2189, 2190, 2228;

with perf. act. infin., 2223, 2224;

with perf. pass. infin., 2229;

see Desire.

Without,

expressed by partic. and neg., 2296.

Wondering,

verbs of, with indirect question, 1774;

with quod, quia, 1851;

with cum, 1851, 1875;

with acc. and infin., 2187, 2188, 2184.

Words,

simple, defined, 181;

compound, defined, 181;

gender words, 398, 402;

their sound, 2-179;

their formation, 180-396;

their inflection, 397-1022.

Y

Yes,

how expressed, 1511, 1512.

Yes or No Questions, 1501-1525;

in indirect questions, 1775-1777;

see Questions.

Yielding,

expressions of, case with, 1181-1185.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

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