CONTENTS.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

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J. H. Kurtz
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 The so-called Apostolic Fathers.
(2) The Schism of Felicissimus at Carthage in A.D.250.
(3) The Schism of the Presbyter Novatian at Rome in A.D.251.
(4) The Schism of Meletius in Egypt in A.D.306.

SECOND SECTION.
The History of the GrÆco-Roman Church from the 4th-7thcenturies. A.D.323-692.
I. CHURCH AND STATE.
§42. The Overthrow of Paganism in the Roman Empire.
(1) The Romish Legend of the Baptism of Constantine.
(2) Constantine the Great and his Sons.
(3) Julian the Apostate (A.D.361-363).
(4) The Later Emperors.
(5) Heathen Polemics and Apologetics.
(6) The Religion of the Hypsistarians.
§43. The Christian Empire and the Ecclesiastical Law.
(1) The Jus Circa Sacra.
(2) The Institution of Œcumenical Synods.
(3) Canonical Ordinances.
(4) Pseudepigraphic Church Ordinances.
(5) The Apostolic Church Ordinances.
II. MONASTICISM, CLERICALISM AND HIERARCHISM.
§44. Monasticism.
(1) The Biography of St. Anthony.
(2) The Origin of Christian Monasticism.
(3) Oriental Monasticism.
(4) Western Monasticism.
(5) Institution of Nunneries.
(6) Monastic Asceticism.
(7) Anti-Ecclesiastical and Heretical Monasticism.
§45. The Clergy.
(1) Training of the Clergy.
(2) The Injunction of Celibacy.
(3) Later Ecclesiastical Offices.
(4) Church Property.
§46A. The Patriarchal Constitution and the Primacy.
(1) The Patriarchal Constitution.
(2) The Rivalry between Rome and Byzantium.
§46B. History of the Roman Chair and its Claims to the Primacy.
(3) From Melchiades to JuliusI., A.D.310 to A.D.a. Jul. Firmicus Maternus.
b. Lucifer of Calaris.
c. Marius Victorinus.
d. Hilary of Poitiers.
e. Zeno, Bishop of Verona.
f. Philaster, Bishop of Brescia.
g. Martin of Tours.
(15) g. Ambrose, Bishop of Milan.
h. Ambrosiaster.
i. Pacianus, Bishop of Barcelona.
(16) During the Period of Origenistic Controversy.
a. Jerome.
(17) b. Tyrannius Rufinus.
c. Sulpicius Severus.
d. Peter Chrysologus, Bishop of Ravenna.
(18) The Hero of the Soteriological Controversy—Augustine.
(19) Augustine’s Works.
a. Philosophical Treatises.
b. Dogmatic Treatises.
c. Controversial Treatises.
d. Apologetical Treatises.
e. Exegetical Works.
(20) Augustine’s Disciples and Friends.
a. Paulinus, Deacon of Milan.
b. Paul Orosius.
c. Marius Mercator.
d. Prosper Aquitanicus.
e. CÆsarius, Bishop of Arelate.
f. Fulgentius, Bishop of Ruspe.
(21) Pelagians and semi-Pelagians.
I. Pelagius.
II. Semi-Pelagians or Massilians.

a. Johannes Cassianus.
b. Vincent Lerinensis.
c. Eucherius, Bishop of Lyons.
d. Salvianus, Presbyter at Marseilles.
e. Faustus of Rhegium.
f. Arnobius the Younger.
(22) The Most Important Church Teachers among the Roman Popes.
a. Leo the Great.
b. Gelasius I.
c. Gregory the Great.
(23) The Conservators and Continuators of Patristic Culture.
a. BoËthius.
b. Magnus Aurelius Cassiodorus.
c. Dionysius Exiguus.
§48. Branches of Theological Science and Christian Poetry.
(1) Exegetical Theology.
(2) Historical Theology.
(3) Systematic Theology.
a. Apologetics.
b. Polemics.
c. Positive Dogmatics.
d. Morals.
(4) Practical Theology.
(5) Christian Poetry.
(6) Christian Latin Poetry.
(7) Poetry of National Syrian Church.
(8) The Legendary History of Cyprian.
IV. DOCTRINAL CONTROVERSIES AND HERESIES.
§49. The Development of Doctrine Generally.
Heretical Developments.
§50. The Trinitarian Controversy, A.D.318-381.
(1) Preliminary Victory of the Homoousia, A.D.318-325.
(2) Victory of Eusebianism, A.D.328-356.
(3) Victory of Homoiousianism, A.D.357-361.
(4) Final Victory of the Nicene Creed, A.D.361-381.
(5) The Pneumatomachians, A.D.362-381.
(6) The Literature of the Controversy.
(7) Post-Nicene Development of the Dogma.
(8) Schisms in consequence of the Arian Controversy.
I. The Meletian Schism at Antioch.
II. The Schism of the Luciferians.
III. The Schism of Damasus and Ursacius at Rome.
§51. The Origenist Controversies, A.D.394-438.
(1) The Monks of the Scetic and Nitrian Deserts.
(2) The Controversy in Palestine and Italy, A.D.394-399.
(3) The Controversy in Alexandria and Constantinople, A.D.399-438.
§52. The Christological Controversy.
(1) The Apollinarian Controversy, A.D.362-381.
(2) Christology of the Opposing Theological Schools.
(3) The Dyoprosopic or Nestorian Controversy, A.D.428-444.
(4) The Monophysite Controversy.
I. Eutychianism, A.D.444-451.
(5) II. Imperial Attempts at Union, A.D.451-519.
(6) III. Justinian’s Decrees, A.D.527-553.
(7) IV. The Monophysite Churches.
(8) The Monothelite Controversy, A.D.633-680.
(9) The Case of Honorius.
§53. The Soteriological Controversies, A.D.412-529.
(1) Preliminary History.
(2) The Doctrine of Augustine.
(3) Pelagius and his Doctrine.
(4) The Pelagian Controversy, A.D.411-431.
(5) The Semi-Pelagian Controversy, A.D.427-529.
§54. Reappearance and Remodelling of Earlier Heretical Sects.
(1) ManichÆism.
(2) Priscillianism, A.D.383-563.
V. WORSHIP, LIFE, DISCIPLINE AND MORALS.
§55. Worship in General.
The Age of Cyril of Alexandria.
§56. Festivals and Seasons for Public Worship.
(1) The Weekly Cycle.
(2) Hours and Quarterly Fasts.
(3) The Reckoning of Easter.
(4) The Easter Festivals.
(5) The Christmas Festivals.
(6) The Church Year.
(7) The Church Fasts.
§57. Worship of Saints, Relics and Images.
(1) The Worship of Martyrs and Saints.
(2) The Worship of Mary and Anna.
(3) Worship of Angels.
(4) Worship of Images.
(5) Worship of Relics.
(6) The Making of Pilgrimages.
§58. The Dispensation of the Sacraments.
(1) Administration of Baptism.
(2) The Doctrine of the Supper.
(3) The Sacrifice of the Mass.
(4) The Administration of the Lord’s Supper.
§59. Public Worship in Word and Symbol.
(1) The Holy Scriptures.
(2) The Creeds of the Church.
I. The NicÆno-Constantinopolitan Creed.
II. The Apostles’ Creed.
III. The Athanasian Creed.
(3) Bible Reading in Church and Preaching.
(4) Hymnology.
(5) Psalmody and Hymn Music.
(6) The Liturgy.
(7) Liturgical Vestments.
(8) Symbolical Acts in Worship.
(9) Processions.
§60. Places of Public Worship, Buildings And WorksofArt.
(1) The Basilica.
(2) Secular Basilicas.
(3) The Cupola Style.
(4) Accessory and Special Buildings.
(5) Church furniture.
(6) The Graphic and Plastic Arts.
§61. Life, Discipline and Morals.
(1) Church Discipline.
(2) Christian Marriage.
(3) Sickness, Death and Burial.
(4) Purgatory and Masses for Souls.
§62. Heretical Reformers.
(1) Audians and Apostolics.
(2) Protests against Superstition and External Observances.
(3) Protests against the Over-Estimation of Doctrine.
§63. Schisms.
(1) The Donatist Schism, A.D.311-415.
(2) The Concilium Quinisextum, A.D.692.
VI. THE CHURCH OUTSIDE OF THE ROMANEMPIRE.
§64. Missionary Operations in the East.
(1) The Ethiopic-Abyssinian Church.
(2) The Persian Church.
(3) The Armenian Church.
(4) The Iberians.
§65. The Counter-Mission of the Mohammedans.
(1) The Fundamental Principle of Islam.
(2) The Providential Place of Islam.
THIRD SECTION.
HISTORY OF THE GRÆCO-BYZANTINE CHURCH IN THE 8TH-15THCENTURIES (A.D.692-1453).
I. Developments of the Greek Church in Combination with the Western.
§66. Iconoclasm of the Byzantine Church (A.D.726-842).
(1) Leo III., the Isaurian, A.D.717-741.
(2) Constantine V. A.D.741-775.
< /td> (3) Leo IV., Chazarus, A.D.775-780.
(4) Leo V., the Armenian, A.D.813-820.
§67. Division between Greek and Roman Churches and Attempts at Union, A.D.857-1453.
(1) Foundation of the Schism, A.D.867.
(2) Leo VI., the Philosopher, A.D.886-911.
(3) Completion of the Schism, A.D.1054.
(4) Attempts at Reunion.
(5) Andronicus III. PalÆologus and Barlaam.
(6) Council of Florence.
(7) Decay of Byzantine Empire.
II. Developments in the Eastern Church without the Co-operation oftheWestern.
§68. Theological Science and Literature.
(1) Revival of Classical Studies.
(2) Aristotle and Plato.
(3) Scholasticism and Mysticism.
(4) The Branches of Theological Science.
(5) Distinguished Theologians.
(6) Barlaam and Josaphat.
§69. Doctrinal Controversies in the 12th-14th Centuries.
(1) Dogmatic Questions.
(2) The Hesychast Controversy, A.D.1341-1351.
§70. Constitution, Worship and Life.
(1) The Arsenian Schism, A.D.1262-1312.
(2) Public Worship.
(3) Monasticism.
(4) Endeavours at Reformation.
§71. Dualistic Heretics.
(1) The Paulicians.
(2) The Children of the Sun.
(3) The Euchites.
(4) The Bogomili.
§72. The Nestorian and Monophysite Churches of the East.
(1) The Persian Nestorians.
(2) Monophysite Churches.
(3) The Maronites.
(4) The Legend of Prester John.
§73. The Slavonic Churches ad Architecture and Painting.
§89. National Customs, Social Life and Church Discipline.
(1) Superstition.
(2) Popular Education.
(3) Christian Popular Poetry.
(4) Social Condition.
(5) Practice of Pubic Law.
(6) Church Discipline and Penitential Exercises.
IV. THEOLOGY AND ITS BATTLES.
§90. Scholarship and Theological Science.
(1) Rulers of the Carolingian Line.
Charlemagne, A.D.768-814.
Louis the Pious, A.D.814-840.
Charles the Bald, A.D.840-877.
(2) The most distinguished Theologians of the Pre-Carolingian Age.
1. Merovingian France.
2. South of the Pyrenees.
3. England.
(3) The most distinguished Theologians of the Age of Charlemagne.
1. Alcuin.
2. Paulus Diaconus.
3. Theodulf, Bishop of Orleans.
4. Paulinus, Patriarch of Aquileia and Bishop Leidrad of Lyons.
5. Hatto, Abbot of Reichenau.
(4) The most distinguished Theologians of the Age of Louis the Pious.
1. Agobard of Lyons.
2. Claudius, Bishop of Turin.
3. Jonas of Orleans.
4. Amalarius of Metz.
5. Christian Druthmar.
6. Rabanus Magnentius Maurus.
7. Walafrid Strabo.
(5) The Most Distinguished Theologians of the Age of Charles the Bald.
1. Hincmar of Rheims.
2. Paschasius Radbertus.
3. Ratramnus.
(4) III. Bridging the Gulf from the Side of Mysticism.
(5) IV. Bridging the Gulf from the Side of Dialectics.
(6) The Controversy on German Soil.
(7) Theologians of a Pre-eminently Biblical and Ecclesiastico-Practical Tendency.
1. Alger of LiÈge.
2. Rupert of Deutz.
3. HervÆus.
(8) 4. John of Salisbury.
5. Walter of St. Victor.
6. Innocent III.
(9) Humanist Philosophers.
§103. The Thirteenth Century.
(1) The Writings of Aristotle and his Arabic Interpreters.
(2) Theory of a twofold Truth.
(3) The Appearance of the Mendicant Orders.
(4) Distinguished Franciscan Schoolmen.
(5) Distinguished Dominican Schoolmen—Albert the Great.
(6) —— Thomas Aquinas.
(7) Reformers of the Scholastic Method—Raimund Lull.
(8) —— Roger Bacon.
(9) Theologians of a Biblical and Practical Tendency.
1. CÆsarius of Heisterbach.
2. William Peraldus.
3. Hugo of St.Caro.
4. Robert of Sorbon.
5. Raimund Martini.
(10) Precursors of the German Speculative Mystics.
IV. The Church and the People.
§104. Public Worship and Art.
(1) The Liturgy and the Sermon.
(2) Definition and Number of the Sacraments.
(3) The Sacrament of the Altar.
(4) Penance.
(5) Extreme Unction.
(6) The Sacrament of Marriage.
(7) (3) Nominalists and Realists.
(4) Casuistry.
(5) The Founder of Natural Theology—Raimund of Sabunde.
(6) Nicholas of Cusa.
(7) Biblical and Practical Theologians.--
1. Nicholas of Lyra.
2. Antonine of Florence.
3. John Trithemius.
§114. The German Mystics.
(1) Meister Eckhart.
(2) Mystics of Upper Germany after Eckhart.
(3) The Friend of God in the Uplands.
(4) Nicholas of Basel.
(5) Henry Suso.
(6) Henry of NÖrdlingen.
(7) Mystics of the Netherlands.
1. John of Ruysbroek.
2. Hendrik Mande.
3. Gerlach Peters.
4. Thomas À Kempis.
III. The Church and the People.
§115A. Public Worship and the Religious Education ofthePeople.
(1) Fasts and Festivals.
(2) Preaching.
(3) The Biblia Pauperum.
(4) The Bible in the Vernacular.
(5) Catechisms and Prayer Books.
(6) The Dance of Death.
(7) Hymnology.
(8) Church Music.
(9) Legendary Relics.
§115B. National Literature and Ecclesiastical Art.
(10) The Italian National Literature.
(11) The German National Literature.
(12) The Sacred Drama.
(13) Architecture and Painting.
§116. Popular Movements.
(1)1526-1535.
(2) Calvin before his Genevan Ministry.
(3) Calvin’s First Ministry in Geneva, A.D.1536-1538.
(4) Calvin’s Second Ministry in Geneva, A.D.1541-1564.
(5) Calvin’s Writings.
(6) Calvin’s Doctrine.
(7) The Victory of Calvinism over Zwinglianism.
(8) Calvin’s Successor in Geneva.
§139. The Reformation in Other Lands.
(1) Sweden.
(2) Denmark and Norway.
(3) Courland, Livonia, and Esthonia.
(4) England—Henry VIII.
(5) —— EdwardVI.
(6) —— Elizabeth.
(7) Ireland.
(8) Scotland.
(9) —— John Knox.
(10) —— Queen Mary Stuart.
(11) —— John Knox and Queen Mary Stuart.
(12) The Netherlands.
(13) France.
—— Francis I.
—— Henry II.
(14) —— Huguenots.
—— Francis II.
—— Charles IX.
(15) —— Persecution of the Huguenots.
(16) —— The Bloody Marriage—Massacre of St.Bartholomew.
(17) —— Henry III.
—— Henry IV.
—— Edict of Nantes.
(18) Poland.
(19) Bohemia and Moravia.
(20) Hungary and Transylvania.
Practical Christian life.
§150. Foreign Missions.
(1) Missions to the Heathen—East Indies and China.
(2) —— Japan.
(3) —— America.
(4) Schismatical Churches of the East.
§151. Attempted Regeneration of Roman Catholicism.
(1) Attempts at Regeneration in Germany.
(2) Throughout Europe.
(3) Russia and the United Greeks.
SECOND SECTION.
CHURCH HISTORY OF THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY.
I. Relations between the Different Churches.
§152. East and West.
(1) Roman Catholic Hopes.
(2) Calvinistic Hopes.
(3) Orthodox Constancy.
§153. Catholicism and Protestantism.
(1) Conversions of Protestant Princes.
(2) The Restoration in Germany and the Neighbouring States.
(3) Livonia and Hungary.
(4) The Huguenots in France.
(5) The Waldensians in Piedmont.
(6) The Catholics in England and Ireland.
(7) Union Efforts.
(8) The Lehnin Prophecy.
§154. Lutheranism and Calvinism.
(1) Calvinizing of Hesse-Cassel, A.D.1605-1646.
(2) Calvinizing of Lippe, A.D.1602.
(3) The Elector of Brandenburg becomes Calvinist, A.D.1613.
(4) Union Attempts.
§155. Anglicanism and Puritanism.
(1) The First Two Stuarts.
(2) The Commonwealth and the Protector.
(3) The Restoration and the Act of Toleration.
II. The Roman Catholic Church.
§156. The Papacy, Monkery, and Foreign Missions.
(1) The Papacy.
(2) The Jesuits and the Republic of Venice.
(3) (2) Pietism.
(3) The KÖnigsberg Religious Movement, A.D.1835-1842.
(4) The Bender Controversy.
§177. Evangelical Union and Lutheran Separation.
(1) The Evangelical Union.
(2) The Lutheran Separation.
(3) The Separation within the Separation.
§178. Evangelical Confederation.
(1) The Gustavus Adolphus Society.
(2) The Eisenach Conference.
(3) The Evangelical Alliance.
(4) The Evangelical Church Alliance.
(5) The Evangelical League.
§179. Lutheranism, Melanchthonianism, and Calvinism.
(1) Lutheranism within the Union.
(2) Lutheranism outside of the Union.
(3) Melanchthonianism and Calvinism.
§180. The “Protestantenverein.”
(1) The Protestant Assembly.
(2) The “Protestantenverein” Propaganda.
(3) Sufferings Endured.
(4) —— In Berlin.
(5) —— In Schleswig Holstein.
§181. Disputes about Forms of Worship.
(1) The Hymnbook.
(2) The Book of Chorales.
(3) The Liturgy.
(4) The Holy Scriptures.
§182. Protestant Theology in Germany.
(1) Schleiermacher, A.D.1768-1834.
(2) The Older Rationalistic Theology.
(3) Historico-Critical Rationalism.
(4) Supernaturalism.
(5) Rational Supernaturalism.
(6) Speculative Theology.
(7) The TÜbingen School.
193. Prussia.
(1) The Catholic Church to the Close of the Cologne Conflict.
(2) The Golden Age of Prussian Ultramontanism, 1841-1871.
(3) The Evangelical Church in Old Prussia down to1848.
(4) The Evangelical Church in Old Prussia, 1848-1872.
(5) The Evangelical Church in Old Prussia, 1872-1880.
(6) —— Continued.
(7) The Evangelical Church in the Annexed Provinces.
(8) —— In Hanover.
(9) —— In Hesse.
§194. The North German smaller States.
(1) The Kingdom of Saxony.
(2) The Saxon Duchies.
(3) The Kingdom of Hanover.
(4) Hesse.
(5) Brunswick, Oldenburg, Anhalt, and Lippe-Detmold.
(6) Mecklenburg.
§195. Bavaria.
(1) The Bavarian Ecclesiastical Polity under MaximilianI., 1799-1825.
(2) The Bavarian Ecclesiastical Polity under LouisI., 1825-1848.
(3) The Bavarian Ecclesiastical Polity under MaximilianII., 1848-1864, andLouisII.
(4) Attempts at Reorganization of the Lutheran Church.
(5) The Church of the Union in the Palatine of theRhine.
§196. The South German Smaller States and Rhenish Alsace and Lorraine.
(1) The Upper Rhenish Church Province.
(2) The Catholic Troubles in Baden down to1873.
(3) The Protestant Troubles in Baden.
(4) Hesse-Darmstadt and Nassau.
(5) In Protestant WÜrttemberg.
(6) The Catholic Church in WÜrttemberg.
(7) The Imperial Territory of Alsace and Lorraine since1871.
§197. The so-called Kulturkampf in the German Empire.
(1) The Aggression of Ultramontanism.
(2) Conflicts Occasioned by Protection of the Old Catholics,1871-1872.
(3) Struggles over Educational Questions, 1872-1873.

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