2 De Boot, “Gemmarum et lapidum historia,” lib. i, cap. 25, Lug. Bat., 1636, pp. 87, 91.

3 De Boot, “Gemmarum et lapidum historia,” lib. i, cap. 26, Lug. Bat., 1636, p. 103.

4 Mackey, “Memoirs of Extraordinary Popular Delusions,” London, n. d., p. 144.

5 Nicols, “Faithful Lapidary,” London, 1659, pp. 32, 33.

6 GÖrres, “Die christliche Mystik,” Regensburg, 1840, vol. iii, pp. 190 sqq.

7 Virna Sheard, “The Jewelled Princess,” in Canadian Magazine.

8 De MÉly, “Les lapidaires de l’antiquitÉ et du moyen-Âge,” vol. ii, “Les lapidaires grecs,” Paris, 1898, pp. 1-50.

9 Lucas, “The Swallowing Stones by Seals,” Science, N.S., vol. xx, No. 512, pp. 537, 538; Report of Fur Seal Investigation, vol. iii, p. 68.

10 Hoernes, “Urgeschichte der bildenden Kunst,” Wien, 1898, p. 108.

11 Giglioli, “Materiale per lo studio della ‘EtÀ della Pietra,’” Archivio per l’Antropologia e l’Etnologia, vol. xxxi, p. 83, Firenze, 1901.

12 Rose, “Handleiding tot de Kennis van diamanten,” etc., Amsterdam, 1891, p. 110.

13 “Della storia naturale delle Gemme,” Napoli, 1730, Vol. I, pp. 131-137.

14 Il., xxiv, 795, 796.

15 Paper by Dr. Paul Ferez in the Revue de l’Hypnotisme, Paris, No. 10, April, 1906, p. 306.

16 Erasmi, “Colloquia,” LipsiÆ, 1713, pp. 597-8. Suggested by Pliny, lib. xxxvii, cap. 71-73.

17 Morris Jastrow, “Die Religion Babyloniens und Assyriens,” vol. i, Giessen, 1905, p. 374.

18 Morris Jastrow, l.c., p. 462.

19 Delitzsch, “Assyrisches WÖrterbuch,” Leipzig, 1896, p. 604.

20 “Aegyptische Goldschmiedearbeit,” ed. by Heinrich SchÄffer, Berlin, 1910, pp. 25-32; necklace figured on Pl. V, other objects on Pls. V-VII.

21 Ibid., p. 14, Pl. II, figs. 3a, 3b.

22 See Reisner, “Catalogue gÉnÉrale des antiquitÉs Égyptiennes du MusÉe du Caire: Amulets” Le Caire, 1907.

23 Pitra, “Specilegium Solesmense,” Parisiis, 1855, vol. iii, p. 393.

24 Kropatschek, “De amuletorum apud antiquos usu,” GryphiÆ, 1907, p. 24 (Paris papyrus, 2630).

25 Surindro Mohun Tagore, “Mani MÁlÁ,” Pt. II, Calcutta, 1881, p. 943.

26 Seler, “Codex Borgia: Eine altmexicanische Bilderschrift,” Berlin, 1904, vol. i, p. 16.

27 Francisci Ruei, “De gemmis,” Tiguri, 1566, f.4.

28 “Histoire critique des pratiques superstitieuses; par un prÊtre de l’Oratoire,” Paris, 1702, p. 320.

29 Blum, “Das altjÜdische Zauberwesen,” Strassburg, 1898, p. 91.

30 A projection serving to fasten down the belt.

31 Compleat Works of Geoffrey Chaucer, ed. Skeat, Oxford, 1894 vol. i, p. 139.

32 MatthÆi Paris, “Historia major,” London, 1684, p. 318.

33 “Le Grand Lapidaire” of Jean de Mandeville, Vienna, 1862, pp. 126-128.

34 GÜdermann, “Das jÜdische Unterrichtswesen,” Wien, 1873, p. 225.

35 “Ethics of the Dust,” New York, 1886, p. 96.

36 See also the writer’s pamphlet: “The Folk-Lore of Precious Stones,” Chicago, 1894; a paper read before the Folk-Lore Congress held at the World’s Columbian Exhibition, and describing the Kunz Collection exhibited in the Anthropological Building there. This collection is now in the Field Museum, Chicago.

37 King’s version in his “Natural History of Precious Stones,” London, 1865, p. 392.

38 Marbodei, “De lapidibus,” Friburgi, 1531, fol. 10.

39 Camilli Leonardi, “Speculum lapidum,” Venetia, 1502, fol. 22.

40 Albertus Magnus, “Le Grand Albert des secretz des vertus des Herbes, Pierres et Bestes. Et aultre livre des Merveilles du Monde, d’aulcuns effetz causez daulcunes bestes,” Turin, Bernard du mont du Chat (c. 1515). Liv. ii, fol. 8 recto.

41 Cardani, “De subtilitate,” BasileÆ, 1560, p. 460.

42 Cardani, “De gemmis,” BasileÆ, 1585, p. 323.

43 Valentini, “Museum museorum oder die vollstÄndige Schau-BÜhne,” Franckfurt am Mayn, 1714, vol. ii, pt. 3, p. 34; figure of air-ship on p. 35.

44 Hoernes, “Urgeschichte der bildenden Kunst,” Vienna, 1898, p. 376. Figured in S. Muller’s “Ordn. af Danm. Olds.,” i, Pl. XV, Figs. 252 sq.

45 Ovidii, “Metamorphoses,” lib. ii, 11. 340 sqq. Some have proposed to read Redanus instead of Eridanus and have seen in the former name the designation of a stream flowing into the Vistula.

46 Plinii, “Naturalis Historia,” lib. xxxvii, cap. 7.

47 Bk. xviii, 11, 295-298, trans. of William Cullen Bryant.

48 Du Chaillu, “The Viking Age,” New York, 1889, vol. ii, p. 314. (Figs. 1210, 1211, 1212.)

49 Sendelii, “ElectrologiÆ,” ElbingÆ, 1725, Pt. I, p. 12, note.

50 Camilli Leonardi, “Speculum lapidum,” Venetia, 1502, fol. 22.

51 Johannis de Cuba, “Hortus Sanitatis,” [Strassburg, 1483] tractatus de lapibus, cap. vii.

52 Belleau, “Œuvres poÉtiques,” ed. Marty-Laveaux, Paris, 1878, vol. ii, pp. 172 sqq. The poem in which this tale occurs is the “Amours et nouveaux eschanges des pierres prÉcieuses,” written in 1576 and dedicated to Henri III.

53 Rose, “Aristotles de lapidibus und Arnoldus Saxo,” in Zeitschr. fÜr D. Alt., New Series, vol. vi, p. 431.

54 Konrad von Megenberg, “Buch der Natur,” ed. by Dr. Franz Pfeiffer, Stuttgart, 1861, p. 436.

55 Pitra, “Specilegium Solesmense,” Parisiis, 1855, vol. iii, p. 325.

56 Kropatschek, “De amuletorum apud antiquos usu,” GryphiÆ, 1907, p. 16.

57 Cardani, “Philosophi opera quÆdam lectu digna,” BasileÆ, 1585, p. 323. “De gemmis.”

58 Rumphius, “Amboinsche Rariteitkamer,” Amsterdam, 1741, p. 308.

59 Goethe WestÖsterlicher Divan I, SegenspfÄnder.

60 “Lapidario del Rey D. Alfonso X,” codice original, Madrid, 1881, fol. 77, p. 49.

61 Hendley, “Indian Jewellery,” London, 1909, p. 158.

62 Arakel, “Livre d’histoire,” chap. liii; transl. in Brosset, “Collection d’historiens armÉniens,” St. PÉtersburg, 1874, vol. i, pp. 544, 545.

63 Josephi Gonelli, “Thesaurus philosophicus, seu de gemmis,” Neapoli, 1702, p. 112.

64 “Gemmarum et lapidum historia,” Lug. Bat., 1636, p. 230.

65 Agatharcides, “De Mare ErythrÆo,” §2. The topaz of the ancients was unquestionably the gem commonly called chrysolite at present (olivine, peridot).

66 Diodorus Siculus, lib. iii, cap. 38.

67 Plinii, “Naturalis Historia,” lib. xxxvii, cap. 32.

68 Marbodei, “De lapidibus,” Friburgi, 1531, fol. 16.

69 Volmar, Steinbuch, ed. by Hans Lambel, Heilbronn, 1877, p. 22.

70 Alberti Magni, “Opera Omnia,” ed. Borgnet, Parisiis, 1890, vol. v, p. 43. De mineralibus, lib. ii, tract. 2.

71 Bauer, “Edelsteinkunde,” Leipzig, 1909, p. 750.

72 Albertus Magnus, “Le Grand Albert des secretz des vertus des Herbes, Pierres et Bestes. Et aultre livre des Merveilles du Monde, d’aulcuns effetz causez daulcunes bestes,” Turin, Bernard du mont du Chat (c. 1515). Liv. ii, fol. 9 recto.

73 Bellucci, “Il feticismo primitivo in Italia,” Perugia, 1907, pp. 22-25.

74 “De lapidibus,” Friburgi, 1531, f.8.

75 St. HildegardÆ, “Opera Omnia,” in Pat. Lat. ed Migne, vol. cxcvii, col. 1254.

76 “De gemmis,” Tiguri, 1566, f. 52.

77 “Philosophi opera quÆdam lectu digna,” BasileÆ, 1585, p. 322. “De gemmis.”

78 Anonymous writer in Ital. MS. of the fourteenth century in the author’s library; fol. 41 p. verso.

79 See page 278 for description of this diamond by St. Epiphanius.

80 Finot, “Les lapidaires indiens,” Paris, 1896, p.9.

81 Finot, “Les lapidaires indiens,” Paris, 1896, p.8.

82 Finot, l.c., p.9.

83 Konrad von Megenberg, “Buch der Natur,” ed. by Dr. Franz Pfeiffer, Stuttgart, 1861, p. 433.

84 New edition of the Babylonian Talmud, ed. and trans. by Michael L. Rodkinson, vol. v (xiii), Baba Batra, New York, 1902, p. 207.

85 Ratzel, “VÖlkerkunde,” Leipzig, 1885, vol. i, p. 36.

86 Dr. Julius Ruska, “Das Steinbuch aus der Kosmographie des al-Kazwini,” Beilage zum Jahresbericht 1894-5 der Oberrealschule Heidelberg, p. 35. See Aristoteles De Lapidibus und Arnoldus Saxo, ed. Rose, Z.f.D.A. New Series VI, pp. 364, 365, 389, 390. The “other writer” is probably Ahmed Teifashi.

87 The work on precious stones attributed to Aristotle was composed in Arabic probably in the ninth century.

88 Teifashi, “Fior di pensieri sulle pietre preziose,” Firenzi, 1818, p. 13.

89 Proc. of the Royal Irish Academy, 2d Ser., Polite Literature and Antiquities, vol. ii, Dublin, 1879-1888, p. 303.

90 Epiphanii, “De XII gemmis,” Tiguri, 1565, fol. 5.

91 Morales, “De las piedras preciosas,” Valladolid, 1604, fol. 101.

92 Marbodei, “De lapidibus,” Friburgi, 1531, fol. 48; Camilli Leonardi, “Speculum lapidum,” Venetia, 1502, fol. xliii.

93 Fol. 55 recto of Ital. MS., 14th Century. Reference is to Bela IV (1235-1270). Lo reo dilugaria bela loqale in di nostri tempi regna.

94 Weil, “Biblische Legenden,” p. 225.

95 Cardani, “Philosophi opera quÆdam,” BasileÆ, 1585, p. 328. “De gemmis.”

96 Albertus Magnus, “Le Grand Albert des secrets des vertus des Herbes, Pierres et Bestes. Et aultre livre des Merveilles du Monde, d’aulcuns effetz causez daulcunes bestes,” Turin, Bernard du mont du Chat (c. 1515). Liv. ii, fol. 11.

97 “Naturalis historia,” lib. xxxvii, cap. 60.

98 George H. Pepper, “The Exploration of a Burial-room in Pueblo Bonito, New Mexico,” Putnam Anniversary Volume, New York, 1909, p. 239; Fig. 5.

99 Marbodei, “De lapidibus,” Friburgi, 1531, fol. 38.

100 Cardani, “Philosophi opera quÆdam,” BasileÆ, 1585, p. 323. “De gemmis.”

101 S. HildegardÆ, Opera omnia; in. Pat. Lat. ed. J.P. Migne, vol. cxcvii, Parisiis, 1855, col. 1251.

102 Cardani, “De subtilitate,” BasileÆ, 1560, pp. 442-3.

103 Chalfante, “Early Chinese Writing,” Mem. of Carnegie Museum, vol. iv, No. 1, Pittsburg, 1906, p. 10 and Pl. XX, No. 275. See also Pl. X, No. 132; pei, “shell,” “value,” as shells were used as money in very ancient times.

104 Chalfante, “Early Chinese Writing,” Pl. XXII, No. 299.

105 “Catalogue of the Woodward Collection of Jades and other Hard Stones,” by John Getz, Privately printed (New York), 1913, p. 11, No. 24.

106 Zelia Nuttall, “The Fundamental Principles of Old and New World Civilization,” Cambridge, Mass., 1901, p. 195. ArchÆological and Ethnographical Papers of the Peabody Museum, Harvard University, vol. ii.

107 The Bishop Collection. “Investigations and Studies in Jade,” New York, privately printed, 1906, vol. i, pt. iii, “Jade as a Mineral,” by George Frederick Kunz, p. 117. Nos. 421 and 646 of the collection are excellent examples of this special jade.

108 The Bishop Collection. “Investigations and Studies in Jade,” New York, 1906, vol. i, p. 12. Privately printed and edition limited to 100 copies. For a description of this monumental work see “The Printed Catalogue of the Heber R. Bishop Collection of Jade,” by George Frederick Kunz, supplement to the Bulletin of the Metropolitan Museum of Art for May, 1906, Occasional Notes, No. 1.

109 See Fischer, “Ueber die Nephritindustrie der Maoris in Neuseeland,” Archiv fÜr Anthropologie, vol. xv, Braunschweig, 1884, pp. 463-466.

110 King’s version in his Natural History of Precious Stones, London, 1865, p. 382.

111 Pitra, “Specilegium Solesmense,” Parisiis, 1855, p. 328.

112 Epiphanius, “De XII gemmis,” Tiguri, 1565, fols. 7, 8.

113 Birlinger, “Kleinere deutsche SprachdenkmÄler,” in Germania, vol. viii (1863), p. 302.

114 BartolomÆi Anglici “De proprietatibus rerum,” London, Wynkyn de Worde, 1495, lib. xvi, cap. 51, De Jaspide. Old English version by John of Trevisa.

115 Hoernes, “Urgeschichte der bildenden Kunst,” Wien, 1898, pp. 22, 24.

116 Dupont, “L’homme pendant les Âges de la pierre,” Brussels, 1872, pp. 156 sqq.

117 Pepper, “The Exploration of a Burial-room in Pueblo Bonito,” Putnam Anniversary Volume, New York, 1909, p. 237.

118 Ward, “Seal Cylinders of Western Asia,” Washington, D.C., 1910, p. 121; citing Jastrow, “Religion,” p. 303.

119 Albertus Magnus, “Le Grand Albert des secretz des vertus des Herbes, Pierres et Bestes. Et aultre livre des Merveilles du Monde, d’aulcuns effetz causez daulcunes bestes,” Turin, Bernard du mont du Chat (c. 1515). Liv. ii, fol. 11, recto.

120 The TimÆus of Plato, ed. by R.R. Archer-Hind, London, 1888, p. 302, note.

121 Plinii, “Historia naturalis,” Venetiis, 1507, fol. 269 verso, lib. xxxvi, cap. 16.

122 Plinii, l.c., fol. 254, verso, lib. xxxiv, cap. 14.

123 King’s metrical version in his “Natural History of Gems,” London, 1865, p. 226.

124 John of Trevisa’s version (made in 1396) of BartholomÆus Anglicus’ “De proprietatibus rerum,” London, Wynkyn de Worde, 1495, lib. xvi, cap. 43, De Magnete.

125 BartolomÆi Anglici, “De proprietatibus rerum,” l.c.

126 Lucian, Imag. I.

127 Klaproth, “Lettre À M. le Baron A. de Humboldt sur l’invention de la boussole,” Paris, 1834, p. 20.

128 From El Kazwini’s “AdjÂÏl el makluquat”; cited in marginal note, vol. i, pp. 310, 311, of El Damu’s “Hayat el hayauÂn,” Cairo, 1313 (1895).

129 Kunz, “Gems and Precious Stones of North America,” New York, 1890, p. 192.

130 Marbodei, “De lapidibus,” Friburgi, 1531, fol. 51; Camilli Leonardi, “Speculum lapidum,” Venetia, 1502, fol. xxxviii.

131 Chiocci, “Museum Calceolarium,” VeronÆ, 1622, p. 227.

132 De Boot, “Gemmarum et lapidum historia,” Lug. Bat., 1636, p. 264, lib. ii, cap. 113.

133 Marbodei, “De lapidibus,” Friburgi, 1531, fol. 51.

134 “Les secrets de la Lune,” Paris, 1571.

135 Cardani, “De subtilitate,” lib. vii, BasileÆ, 1560, p. 464.

136 “Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico,” ed. by Frederick Webb Hodge; Smithsonian Inst.; Bur. Am. Ethn., Bull. 30; Washington, 1910, Pt. 2, p. 331.

137 Kunz, “Gems and Precious Stones of North America,” New York, 1890, pp. 299, 300.

138 Sancti Eusebii Hieronymi “Opera Omnia,” ed. Migne, vol. iv, Parisiis, 1865, col. 545.

139 Pfizmeier, “BeitrÄge zur Geschichte der Edelsteinen und des Goldes,” Sitzungsbericht d. phil. hist. Kl., Wien, vol. lviii, 1868, p. 200.

140 Pfizmeier, l.c., p. 201.

141 Garbe, “Die indische Mineralien; Naharari’s RÂjanighantu, Varga XIII,” Leipzig, 1882, p. 70.

142 Epiplianii, “De XII gemmis,” Tiguri, 1565, fol. 5.

143 Camilli Leonardi, “Speculum lapidum,” Venetia, 1502, fol. xxvi.

144 Pannier, “Les lapidaires franÇais,” Paris, 1882, pp. 246, 264, 295. Cited in Schofield, “The Pearl,” Pub. of Mod. Lang. Asso. of Am., vol. xxiv, Pt. 4, p. 599.

145 Surindro Mohun Tagore, “Mani MÁlÁ,” Pt. I, Calcutta, 1879, p. 199.

146 “Le grand lapidaire de Jean de Mandeville,” from the ed. of 1561, ed. by J.S. del Sotto, Vienne, 1862, p.8.

147 Taw Sein Ko, communication from his “Burmese Necromancy.”

148 Pitra, “Specilegium Solesmense,” Parisiis, 1855, vol. iii, p. 328.

149 Epiphanii, “De XII gemmis,” Tiguri, 1565, fol. 6.

150 Marbodei, “De lapidibus,” Friburgi, 1531, fols. 46, 47.

151 BartolomÆi Anglici, “De proprietatibus rerum,” London, Wynkyn de Worde, 1495, lib. xvi, cap. 86, De Saphiro.

152 Old English for spider.

153 BartolomÆus Anglicus, l.c.

154 The subject of the origin, development and reform of the carat-weight has been fully treated by the author in the Trans. of the Soc. of Min. Engineers, 1913, pp. 1225-1245, “The New International Metric Diamond Carat of 200 milligrams.”

155 Marbodei, “De lapidibus,” Friburgi, 1531, fol. 50, note of Pictor Villengensis.

156 Bellucci, “Il feticismo primitivo in Italia,” Perugia, 1907, pp. 25, 26.

157 Volmar, “Steinbuch,” ed. by Hans Lambel, Heilbronn, 1877, p. 19.

158 De Boot, “Gemmarum et lapidum historia,” Lug. Bat., 1636, pp. 266-268.

160 De Boot, l. c., p. 270.

161 Hendley, “Indian Jewelry,” London, 1909, p. 158.

162 Kunz, “Gems and Precious Stones of North America,” New York, 1890, pp. 61, 62, pl. opposite p. 56.

163 Kunz, l.c., see pl. 2, fig. A.

164 Pepper, “The Exploration of a Burial-room in Pueblo Bonito, New Mexico,” Putnam Anniversary Volume, New York, 1909, pp. 196-252.

165 Pepper, “The Exploration of a Burial-room in Pueblo Bonito, New Mexico,” pp. 223, 224.

166 Pepper, l.c., p. 227.

167 Burke, “The Medicine-men of the Apache,” Ninth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology, 1887-1888, Washington, 1892, p. 589.

168 Fernie, “Precious Stones for Curative Use,” Bristol, 1907, p. 269.

169 From “The Sacred Beetle,” by John Ward, London, 1902, Plate VIII, Nos. 46, 58, 89, 275, 276, 446.

170 Budge, “The Mummy,” Cambridge, 1894, pp. 234-235.

171 The Metropolitan Museum of Art; the Murch Collection of Egyptian antiquities; supplement to the Bulletin of the Met. Mus. of Art, January, 1910.

172 Middleton, “Engraved Gems of Ancient Times,” Cambridge, 1891, p. 151.

173 Diodori Siculi, “BibliothecÆ historicales,” ed. Dindorf, Parisiis, 1842, vol. i, p. 65; lib. i, cap. 75.

174 Æliani, “De animalibus,” lib. x, cap. 15.

175 Hoernes, “Urgeschichte der bildenden Kunst,” Wien, 1898, pp. 155, 156.

176 Konrad v. Megenberg, “Buch der Natur,” ed. Pfeiffer, Stuttgart, 1861, p. 448; see also Johannis de Cuba, “Hortus Sanitatis” [Strassburg, 1483], tractatus de lapidibus, cap. xliii.

177 Marbodei, “De lapidibus,” Friburgi, 1531, fol. 19.

178 Fischer and Wiedemann, “Ueber Babylonische ‘Talismane’ aus dem hist. Mus. im steierisch-landschaftl. Joanneum zu Graz,” Stuttgart, 1881, p.9.

179 See Ward, “The Seal Cylinders of Western Asia,” Carnegie Institution Pub., Washington, D.C., 1910, pp. 1-5.

180 Ward, l.c., p. 5 and pp. 5-8.

181 Fischer and Wiedemann, “Ueber Babylonische Talismane,” Stuttgart, 1881, p. 11. See Pl. I, fig. 3.

182 A. Evans, in “Journal of Hellenic Studies,” vol. xiv (1893), p. 270.

183 Trebelii Pollionis, De XXX tyrannis, LipsiÆ, p. 295.

184 Ad illum. catech., Hom. II, 5.

185 Krause, “Pyrgoteles,” Halle, 1856, pp. 197-8.

186 Caii Plinii Secundi, Naturalis Historia, ed. Harduin, Parisiis, 1741, vol. ii, p. 489.

187 King, Catalogue of Engraved Gems, Metropolitan Museum of Art, p. 81, No. 302, 1885.

188 Dissert. apol. de quibusdam Alexandri Severi numismat., p. 59. Cited in Dictionnaire de l’arch. chrÉt., vol. i, Pt. II, Paris, 1907, cols. 1789, 1790, where the amulet is figured.

189 Camilli Leonardi, Speculum Lapidum, Venetia, 1502.

190 Pitra, “Specilegium Solesmense,” Parisiis, 1885, vol. iii, pp. 326, 327.

191 Camilli Leonardi, “Speculum Lapidum,” Venetia, 1502, ff. lvi-lvii.

192 From an anonymous Italian treatise in a fourteenth century MS. in the author’s collection; fol. 40 verso, 41 recto.

193 Hoernes, “Urgeschichte der bildenden Kunst,” Vienna, 1898, p. 338.

194 Hoernes, “Urgeschichte der bildenden Kunst,” Vienna, 1898, p. 338.

195 King, “The Gnostics and their Remains,” London, 1864, p. 238, figure opp. p. 115.

196 Catalogue de l’Exposition de la SociÉtÉ d’Anthropologie (Exposition de 1900), p. 286.

197 Elworthy, “The Evil Eye,” London, 1895, pp. 353, 354.

198 Stern, “Medizin, Aberglaube und Geschlechtsleben in der Turkei,” Berlin, 1903, vol. i, p. 235.

199 Plini, “Historia naturalis,” lib. xxxvi, cap. 3.

200 ArchÆologia, vol. xxx, p. 541, London, 1844; MS. Harl. No. 80, folio 105, recto.

201 Pitra, “Specilegium Solesmense,” Parisiis, 1855, vol. iii, p. 336.

202 De MÉly, in La Grande EncyclopÉdie, vol. xxv, p. 885, art. Pierres prÉcieuses.

203 Konrad von Megenberg, “Buch der Natur,” Stuttgart, 1861, p. 469.

204 Pitra, “Specilegium Solesmense,” Parisiis, 1855, vol. iii, p. 335.

205 Agricola, “De natura fossilum,” lib. vi, BasileÆ, 1546, p. 291.

206 Nicols, “Faithful Lapidary,” London, 1659, p. 107.

207 Kluge, “Edelsteinkunde,” Leipsic, 1860, p. 366.

208 Fernie, “Precious Stones for Curative Wear,” Bristol, 1907, p. 109.

209 The opal is said to preserve its wearer from disease; and hence, in the East, is much used in the form of amulets.

210 From “Gems of Beauty,” by the Countess of Blessington, London, 1836.

211 Sir Walter Scott, “Novels,” The Janson Society, New York, 1907, vol. xxiii, pp. 126-138.

212 Plinii, “Naturalis historia,” lib. xxxvii, cap. 6.

213 Plinii, l.c.

214 Hesselquist, “Voyages and Travels in the Levant,” English trans., London, 1766, pp. 273, 274.

215 Alberti Magni, Opera Omnia, ed. Borgnet, Parisiis, 1890, vol. v, p. 42.

216 Communication of Dr. Frederick Knab, citing Castellani and Chalmers, “Manual of Tropical Medicine,” 1910.

217 Batman, “Uppon Bartholome,” London, 1582, p. 264, lib. xvi, cap. 73.

218 Shakespeare, “Twelfth Night,” Act ii, Sc. 4.

219 Cardani, “De subtilitate,” BasileÆ, 1560, p. 445.

220 Rose, “Aristoteles De lapidibus und Arnoldus Saxo,” in Zeitschr. fÜr D. Alt., New Series, vol. vi, p. 391. See also Avicenna, “Liber canonis,” BasileÆ, 1556, p. 182, lib. ii, Tract. ii, cap. 20.

221 Garcias ab Orta, “Aromatum historia” (Lat. version by Clusius). AntverpiÆ, 1579, p. 172. The Portuguese original was published in Goa, in 1563.

222 Surindro Mohun Tagore, “Mani MÁlÁ,” Pt. I, Calcutta, 1879, pp. 122, 125.

223 Justi Lepsii, “De fraude et vi,” cap. v, §8; cited in Pindar, “De adamante,” Berolini, 1829, p. 58.

224 Aldrovandi, “Museum metallicum,” BononiÆ, 1648, p. 949.

225 Vita di Benvenuto Cellini, ed. Carpani, Milano, 1806, p. 445.

226 Amos, “The Great Oyer of Poisoning,” London, 1846, pp. 336 sqq.

227 Aldrovandi, “Museum metallicum,” BononiÆ, 1648, p. 949.

228 Child, “The English and Scottish Popular Ballads,” Boston, 1882-96, vol. i, pp. 187 sqq.

229 Child, l.c.

230 Against thee.

231 Ravii, “Specimen Arabicum,” Trajecti ad Rhenum, 1784, pp. 97, 98.

232 AndreÆ Baccii, “De gemmis et lapidibus pretiosis,” Latin trans. by Wolfgang Gabelchover, Francofurti, 1603, pp. 63, 64.

233 “De gemmis errores vulgares,” LipsiÆ, 1688, sect. ii, §12.

234 Rose, Aristoteles De lapidibus and Arnoldus Saxo, Zeitschr. fÜr D. Alt., New Series, vol. vi, 1875, pp. 360, 361.

235 Cardani, “De subtilitate,” BasileÆ, 1554, lib. vii, pp. 191, 205.

236 Ginsburg, “Legends of the Jews,” Eng. trans., Phila., 1909, vol. i, p. 162. See also Levy, “Dictionary of the Targumim,” etc., New York and London, 1903, vol. ii, p. 836, s.v. ??????????. Pirke d’R. El., ch. xxiii.

237 Ginsburg, l.c., p. 298.

238 Claudii Æliani, “De animalium natura,” lib. viii, cap. 22, ed. Gesner, Tiguri, 1568, pp. 182, 183.

239 Grimm, “WÖrterbuch,” vol. ii, col. 1244.

240 “Lithica,” line 270.

241 De Mely, “La traitÉ des fleuves de Plutarche,” in Revue des Études Grecques, vol. v (1892), p. 331.

242 Luciani, “De Syria dea,” cap. 32.

243 Rose, “Aristoteles de lapidibus und Arnoldus Saxo,” Zeitschr. fÜr D. Alt., New Series, vol. vi, 1875, pp. 375, 376.

244 The abbey to which Hildegard gave the tablet was probably that built by Theodoric II and destroyed by the Reformers in 1572. The first building was of wood and was erected by Theodoric I in 923 or 924; this was ravaged by the Frisians not many years later.

245 Creuzer, “Antik geschnittene Steine vom Grabmahl der heiligen Elizabeth,” Leipsic and Darmstadt, 1834, pp. 25, 26.

246 Arnobio, “Il tesoro delle gioie,” Venice, 1602, p. 34.

247 See the English translation of his “Chu-fan-chÏ,” by Friedrich Hirth and W.W. Rockhill, St. Petersburg, 1911, p. 72.

248 “Die Reisebeschreibung des R. Benjamin von Tudela,” ed. by L. GrÜnhut and Marcus N. Adler, Jerusalem, 1903, pt. ii, trans., p. 17.

249 Beckmann, “History of Inventions,” English trans., London, 1846, vol. ii, p. 433.

250 Garcias ab Orta, “Aromatum historia” (Lat. version by Clusius), AntverpiÆ, 1579, lib. i, p. 174.

251 Plinii, “Naturalis historia,” lib. xxxvii, cap. 17.

252 Platonis, “Hippias major,” ed. Didot, vol. i, p. 745.

253 Norton’s “Ordinall”; in Ashmole “Theatrum Chemicum Britannicum,” London, 1652, p. 27.

254 Christiani Mentzelli, “Lapis Bononensis,” BilefeldiÆ, 1675.

255 See Kunz, “The Phosphorescence of the Diamond,” Trans. N.Y. Academy of Sciences, vol. x, p. 50, 1890-91; Kunz and Baskerville, “The Action of Radium, Actinium, Roentgen rays, and Ultra Violet Light in Minerals and Gems,” Science, vol. xviii, No. 468, pp. 769-783, December 18, 1903.

256 See page 172.

257 Boyle, “Works,” London, 1744, vol. ii, p. 85. The experiments were made October 27, 1663, and the results were communicated to the Royal Society the next day, the diamond which had been used being shown to the members at that time.

258 “Journal des SÇavans,” 1739, pp. 438, 439, of Amsterdam edition, citing “Hist. de l’Acad. Roy. des Sciences,” 1735 (vol. xxxviii).

259 See Transactions of the New York Academy of Sciences, vol. xiv, p. 260; 1895.

260 “Diamonds,” a lecture delivered before the British Association at Kimberley, Sept. 5, 1905; London, 1905, p. 37. See also the same author’s “Diamonds,” London and New York, 1909, pp. 96-101.

261 Kunz, “Gems and Precious Stones of North America,” New York, 1890, pp. 183, 184.

262 “Collection des anciens alchemistes grecs,” ed. by M. Berthelot, trans., p. 336-338; text pp. 351, 352, Paris, 1887, 1888.

263 “Sur un procÉdÉ antique pour rendre les pierres prÉcieuses et les vitrifications phosphorescentes,” Annales de Chimie et Physique, 6th ser., vol. xiv, pp. 429-432.

264 Moryson, “An Itinerary containing his Ten Yeeres Travell through the Twelve Dominions,” etc., Glasgow, 1907-8, vol. i.p. 216.

265 Burton, “Supplementary Nights,” London, 1886, vol. iii, p. 354, note.

266 PausaniÆ, “Descriptio GrÆciÆ,” ed. Schubart, vol. ii, LipsiÆ, 1883, pp. 54, 55, lib. ii, cap. 21, 12.

267 Luciani, “Vera Historia,” lib. i, 26.

268 Balz, “Die sogenannte magische Spiegel und ihr Gebrauch”; Archiv fÜr Anthrop. N.S., vol. ii, p. 45, 1904.

269 Sahagun, “Historia general de las cosas de Nueva EspaÑa,” Mexico, 1829, vol. i, pp. 2, 3; vol. ii, pp. 6, 12, 16, 17; lib. i, cap. 3; lib. v, cap. 3, 9, 11, 12.

270 Spartiani, “Vita Didii Juliani,” cap. 7.

271 Reichelti, “De amuletis,” Argentorati, 1676, p. 36.

272 “Synodum episcoporum Patricii, Auxilii et Issernani,” in Migne, Patr. Lat., vol. liii, Parisiis, 1865, col. 825.

273 Hincmari, “Opera Omnia,” in Migne, Patr. Lat., vol. cxxv, col. 7; De devortio Lotharii et TetbergÆ.

274 London, 1905, pp. xxiv, xxx.

275 Ibn Kaldoun, in Notices et Ext. de MSS. de la Bib. Imp., vol. xix, p. 221.

276 See Barrett, “The Magus,” London, 1801, p. 135.

277 JÂmi’s “SalamÂn and Absal,” trans. by Edward Fitzgerald, Boston, 1899, p. 84.

278 Description of the Regalia of Scotland, by Sir Walter Scott, Bart., Edinburgh, n.d., p. 13.

279 Johannis Saresberensis, “Policraticus,” Lyon, 1513, fols. lxxvii, verso, lxxviii, recto, lib. ii, cap. 28.

280 Johannis Saresberensis, l.c., fol. lxxvi, recto, lib. ii, cap. 28.

281 “The Hermetic and Alchemical writings of Aureolus Philippus Theophrastus Bombast of Hohenheim, called Paracelsus the Great,” trans. by Arthur Edward Waite, London, 1894, vol. i, p. 224.

282 “Unterricht vom Gebrauch des Erdspiegels, 1658” (Aus dem Kapuziner-Kloster in Immenstat. Eine Handschrift des Kapuziner-Paters Franziscus Seraph. Heider daselbst); in “Handschriftlichen SchÄtze aus Kloster Bibliotheken,” KÖln am Rhein, 1734-1810 (reprint).

283 Sloane MS. 3851, f. 50b.

284 Jonson, “The Alchemist,” ed. Hathaway, New York, 1903, pp. 101, 145, note.

285 Kiesewetter, “Faust in der Geschichte und Tradition,” Leipzig, 1893, p. 472.

286 Kiesewetter, “Faust in der Geschichte und Tradition”, p. 473.

287 Wieri, “De prestigiis demonum,” BasileÆ, 1563, p. 121.

288 “The Private Diary of Dr. John Dee,” ed. by Halliwell, London, 1842 (Camden Soc. Pub.), p. 9, note (“Compendious Memorial,” p. 516).

289 A true and faithful Relation of what passed for Many Yeeres between Dr. John Dee and Some Spirits. With preface by Meric. Casaubon, London, 1659, p.1.

290 See B.M. Dalton’s notes in the Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries, 2d ser., vol. xxi, 380-383. Sloane MS. A. 3188.

291 Casaubon’s “Relation,” p. 73.

292 Rist, “Die Aller-Edelste Zeit-VerkÜrtung der ganzen Welt,” Franckfurt on dem Mayn, 1668, p. 255.

293 Butler, “Hudibras,” Part II, Canto III, 11, 235-8, and 631-4. This second part was issued in 1663, four years after Casaubon’s publication of Dee’s journal.

294 Miscellanea graphica: Representations of Ancient Medieval and Renaissance remains in the Possession of Lord Londesborough; introd. by Thomas Wright, London, 1857, p. 81.

295 Aubrey, “Miscellanies,” London, 1890, pp. 156, 157. (There is a figure on p. 156.)

296 Glanvil, “Saducismus Triumphatus,” London, 1726, p. 281.

297 Aubrey, “Miscellanies,” London, 1890, p. 155.

298 Carlyle, “Works,” Ashburton ed., vol. xvi, p. 509; from Vie de Joseph Balsamo, traduite d’aprÈs l’original Italien, ch. ii, 111 (Paris, 1791).

299 Kiesewetter, “Faust in der Geschichte und Tradition,” Leipzig, 1893, p. 476.

300 George IV, cap. lxxxiii.

301 Brinton, “Essays of an Americanist,” Philadelphia, 1890, p. 165.

302 Burke, “The Medicine-men of the Apache,” Ninth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology, 1887-1888, Washington, 1892, p. 461.

303 Fraser, “The Golden Bough,” pt. i, “The Magic Art,” vol. i, London, 1911, p. 176.

304 Lang, “The Making of Religion,” London, 1898, pp. 91-92.

305 Thomas, “Crystal Gazing,” London, 1905, p. 48.

306 Nuttall, “The Fundamental Principles of Old and New World Civilization,” Cambridge, Mass., 1901, p. 80.

307 Tcheraz, “Notes sur la mythologie Armenienne,” in Trans. of the Ninth Cong. of Orient. (1892), London, 1893, vol. ii, p. 832.

308 Tcheraz, l.c., p. 835.

309 Proc. Soc. of Psych. Research, vol. viii, p. 470.

310 Proc. of the Soc. for Psych. Research, vol. v, p. 507.

311 Thomas, “Crystal Gazing,” London, 1908, Lang’s preface, pp. xi, xii.

312 Thomas, l.c., p. xxi.

313 Proc. of the Soc. for Psych. Research, vol. viii, p. 473.

314 Shepharial, “The Crystal and the Seer,” London [1900?], p. 14.

315 John Melville, “Crystal Gazing,” London, 1910, pp. 20, 21.

316 Shepharial, “The Crystal and the Seer,” London [1900?] pp. 11-13.

317 Melville, “Crystal Gazing,” London, 1910, p. 47.

318 Atkinson, “Practical Psychomancy and Crystal Gazing,” Chicago [1908], p. 46.

320 Verner, “How to Know Your Future,” London [1910?], p. 16.

321 See Hereward Carrington’s Correspondence Course of Instruction in Psychic Development, Lesson 24, New York, 1912.

322 Kunz, “The Occurrence and Manipulation of Rock Crystal,” Scientific American, vol. lv, pp. 103, 104 (Aug. 14, 1886). Trans. N.Y. Acad. Sciences, May 30, 1886.

323 Kunz, “The Occurrence and Manipulation of Rock Crystal.”

324 Gratacap, “The Mystic Crystal Sphere,” in the American Museum Journal, January, 1913, p, 24; plate on p. 22.

325 Montfaucon, Les monumens de la monarchie FranÇaise. Paris, 1729, p. 15.

326 Montfaucon, l.c.

327 Cochet, “Le tombeau de Childeric Ier roi des Francs,” Paris, 1859, pp. 16 sqq.

328 Cochet, op. cit., p. 305.

329 Cochet, op. cit., p. 302; figure.

330 Cochet, op. cit., p. 303, No. 1.

331 Simon, “Observations sur les sÉpulchres antiques dÉcouverts dans plusieures contrÉes des Gaules,” p. 5; pl. ii, fig. 14.

332 See Wylie’s “Fairford Graves,” pl. iv, fig. 1, pl. v, fig 2; Akerman’s “Remains of Pagan Saxondom,” Roach Smith’s “Collectanea antiqua”; Douglas’ “Nenia Brittanica,” and Hillier’s “Antiquities of the Isle of Wight.”

333 Akerman, op. cit., p. 10.

334 Journal of the ArchÆological Institute, vol. ix, p. 179.

335 Akerman, op. cit., pp. 39, 40.

336 Miscellanies upon various subjects, by John Aubrey, to which is added “Hydrotaphia, or Urn Burial,” by Sir Thomas Browne, London, 1890, p. 244; chap, ii.

337 Lady Wilde, “Ancient Legends, Mystic Charms, and Superstitions of Ireland,” Boston, 1888, p. 209.

338 Life Work of Sir Peter le Page Renouf, Paris, 1907, vol. iv, p. 342. In the vignette to chapter 93, to illustrate the protection afforded, a buckle with human hands seizes the arm of the deceased and prevents him from going toward the East, the inauspicious direction for departed souls, pl. xxv (Papyrus, Louvre iii, 93).

339 Budge, “The Mummy,” Cambridge, 1894, p. 259.

340 Budge, “The Mummy,” Cambridge, 1894, p. 261.

341 The deceased was identified with Osiris.

342 Budge, “The Mummy,” Cambridge, 1894, p. 263.

343 Birch, Catalogue of Egyptian Antiquities in Alnwick Castle, London, 1880, p. 224.

344 Pierret, “Le livre des Morts,” Paris, 1882, p. 138.

345 “Life Work of Sir Peter le Page Renouf,” Paris, 1907, vol. iv, p. 76, note.

346 Ibid., Paris, 1907, vol. iv, p. 295.

347 Æliani, “Varia historia,” lib. xiv, cap. xxxiv, Lug. Bat., 1731, Pars altera, p. 977.

348 Fossey, “La Magie Assyrienne,” Paris, 1902, p. 301; see Rawlinson, “Cun. insc. of West. Asia,” vol. iv, 18, No. 3.

349 Delitzsch, “Assyrisches WÖrterbuch,” Leipzig, 1896, p. 74, s.v. elmÊshu.

350 Jensen, “Assyrisch-Babylonische Mythen und Epen,” Berlin, 1900.

351 Ward, “Seal Cylinders of Western Asia,” Carnegie Institution Pub., Washington, D.C., 1910, pp. 232, 234.

352 For a fuller description of this valuable relic, and a discussion of the meaning of the inscription, see “On the ancient inscribed Sumerian (Babylonian) axe-head for the Morgan Collection in the American Museum of Natural History,” by George Frederick Kunz, with translation by Prof. Ira Maurice Price and discussion by Dr. William Hayes Ward. Bulletin of the Museum, vol. xxi, pp. 37-47, April 6, 1905.

353 Montfaucon, “L’antiquitÉ expliquÉe,” vol. ii, Pt. II, 1719, pp. 324, 325; Plate 136.

354 “The Questions of King Milinda,” tr. from the PÂli by T.W. Rhys Davids, vol. ii, Oxford, 1894, p. 128.

355 Buddha.

356 Surindro Mohun Tagore, “Mani MÁlÁ,” Pt. II, Calcutta, 1881, pp. 715, 717.

357 Bhuddist Suttas, trans. from Pali by T.W. Rhys Davids; “Sacred Books of the East,” vol. xi, Oxford, 1881.

358 Lib. ii, cap. 11. Luciani Opera, ex recog. C. Jacobitz, vol. i, Leipzig, 1884, p. 56.

359 Surindro Mohun Tagore, “Mani MÁlÁ,” Pt. II, Calcutta, 1881, p. 79.

360 Surindro Mohun Tagore, “Mani MÁlÁ,” Pt. II, Calcutta, 1881, pp. 645, 647.

361 Heuen Tsang, “MÉmoires sur les contrÉes occidentales,” French trans. by Stanislas Julien, Paris, 1857, vol. i, p. 461.

362 Gaina Sutras, trans. from Prakrit by Hermann Jacobi; “Sacred Books of the East,” vol. xxii, Oxford, 1884, pp. 227, 233.

363 Hendley, “Indian Jewellery,” London, 1909, p. 33.

364 Hendley, “Indian Jewellery,” London, 1909, pp. 33, 34.

365 Finot, “Les lapidaries indiens,” Paris, 1896, p. 175.

366 Morales, “De las piedras preciosas,” Valladolid, 1604 (fol. 16 verso).

367 Philostrati, “De Vita Apollonii,” lib. iii, cap. 36.

368 Personal communication from Taw Sein Ko.

369 The Bishop Collection: “Investigations and Studies in Jade,” New York, 1906, vol. i, p. 54, The “Yushuo” of T’ang Jing-tso, trans. by Stephen W. Bushnell.

370 The Bishop Collection: “Investigations and Studies in Jade,” New York, 1906, vol. i, p. 36.

371 Kobert, “Ein Edelstein der Vorzeit,” Stuttgart, 1910, p. 26.

372 Alfred Marston Tozzer, “Navajo Religious Ceremonials,” Putnam Anniversary Volume, New York, 1909, pp. 323-326, 329, Plate II.

373 Sahagun, “Historia general de las cosas de Nueva EspaÑa,” Mexico, 1830, vol. iii, p. 297.

374 Sahagun, l.c., 1829, vol. i, p. 18; lib. i, cap. xiii.

375 Garcilasso de la Vega, “Histoire des Incas.” Fr. trans. by Jean Baudoin, Amsterdam, 1715, vol. ii, pp. 255-257.

376 Ibid., p. 347.

377 “A Remarkable Jadeite Adze,” American Association for the Advancement of Science. Kunz, “Gems and Precious Stones of North America,” New York, 1890, pp. 278-280.

378 “Nephrit und Jadite,” Stuttgart, 1880.

379 The Bishop Collection, “Investigations and Studies in Jade,” New York, 1906, vol. i, pt. iii, “Jade as a Mineral,” by George Frederick Kunz, p. 177. This immense mass of nephrite which forms part of the Heber Bishop Collection loan of jade is now in the American Museum of Natural History, New York.

380 Kunz, “Chalchiuitl: a note on the jadeite discussion,” Science, vol. xii, No. 298.

381 Gesneri, “De figuris lapidum,” Tiguri, 1565, fol. 107 verso, 108 recto.

382 “De ornatu oris, nasi et aurium,” GottingÆ, 1832, p. 43.

383 “Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico,” ed. by Frederick Webb Hodge; Smithsonian Inst., Bur. of Am. Ethn. Bull. 30. Pt. I, p. 458; Washington, 1910.

384 “Historia de las Indias,” in “Bib. de autores espaÑoles,” vol. xxii, Madrid, 1852, p. 202.

385 Sahagun, “Historia general de las cosas de Nueva EspaÑa,” Mexico, 1829, vol. ii, pp. 389-391, lib. ix, cap. xvii.

386 Klot, “Ueber den NÜtzen und Gebrauch der alten geschnittenen Steine,” Altenburg, 1768, p. 57.

387 Erasmi StellÆ, “Interpretamentum Gemmarum,” 3d ed., Erfurti et LipsiÆ, 1736, p. 27.

388 AgricolÆ, “De natura fossilium,” lib. vi, BasileÆ, 1546, p. 289.

389 Gesner, “De figuris lapidum,” Tiguri, 1565, ff. 112v, 113r.

390 “Les six voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier,” La Haye, 1718, vol. i, p. 48; Voyages en Perse, liv. i, chap. iv.

391 JosÉ Ignacio MirÓ, “Estudio de las piedras preciosas,” Madrid, 1870, pp. 135, 136.

392 Lassels, “The Voyage of Italy,” Paris, 1670, Pt. II, p. 344.

393 Lassels, l.c., p. 339.

394 Scotto, “Itinerario d’Italia,” Roma, 1747, p. 314.

395 JosÉ Ignacio MirÓ, “Estudio de las piedras preciosas,” Madrid, 1870, pp. 136, 137, 229.

396 Cartularium abbathiÆ de Whiteby, Surtees Soc. Pub., vol. lxix, pp. xvi-xx.

397 Cardani, “De subtilitate,” lib. v, BasileÆ, 1560, p. 370.

398 Dr. Baelz, of the Imperial University of Tokyo, in Report of the Smithsonian Institution for 1904, pp. 523-547.

399 Mason, “Burmah, its People and Natural Productions,” Rangoon, 1860, pp. 109, 110.

400 Narrative of the Embassy of Ruy Gonzalez de Clavijo to the Court of Timour, trans. by Clement R. Markham, London, 1859, p. 38, Hakluyt Soc. Pub.

401 Chiocci, “Museum Calceolarium,” VeronÆ, 1622, p. 251.

402 Kircher, “Mundus Subterraneus,” Amstelodami, 1665, p. 36; Tabula IV, Fig. 6.

403 Creuzer, “Antik geschnittene Steine vom Grabmahl der heiligen Elizabeth,” Leipsic and Darmstadt, 1834, p. 25.

404 Barbier de Montault, “Le TrÉsor de l’Abbaye de Sainte-Croix de Poitier”; in MÉm. de la Soc. d’Antiq. de l’Ouest, Sec. Ser., vol. lv, 1881, pp. 105, 106; Poitiers, 1882.

405 Italian MS. of the fourteenth century in the author’s library; fol. 41 b.

406 Ravenshaw, “Antiente Epitaphs,” London, 1878, p. 110.

407 Ravenshaw, “Antiente Epitaphs,” London, 1878, p. 113.

408 See Audsley, “Handbook of Christian Symbolism,” London, 1865, pp. 135-137.

409 Flavii Josephi, “De Antiq. Jud.,” lib. iii, cap. viii, 9; Opera, ed. Dindorf, Parisiis, 1845, vol. i, pp. 100, 101.

410 “Ant. Jud.,” lib. iii, cap. vii, 5, Flavii Josephi Opera, BasileÆ, 1544, p. 75.

411 Sancti Patri Epiphanii, “De XII Gemmis,” Tiguri, 1566, ff. 12-14. Edited by Conrad Gesner from a unique MS. in his possession.

412 Ginsburg, “Legends of the Jews,” Eng. trans., Phila., 1909, vol. i, p. 34.

413 See J.L. Myers in the “EncyclopÆdia Biblica,” vol. iv, pp. 4799-4812.

414 See Gimma, “Della storia naturale delle gemme,” Napoli, 1730, vol. i, pp. 208, 209.

415 Hommel, “Altisraelitische Ueberlieferung,” pp. 281, sqq.; Erman, “Aegypten,” TÜbingen, 1885, p. 402.

416 Aureli Augustini, “Opera Omnia,” vol. iii, Part I, col. 637; PatrologiÆ LatinÆ, ed. Migne, vol. xxxviii, Paris, 1864.

417 “Natural History of Precious Stones,” London, 1870, p. 333.

418 Procopius, ed. Dindorf, Bonnae. 1833, vol. i, p. 445; “De bello Vandalico,” lib. ii, cap. 9.

419 Procopius, ed. Dindorf, Bonnae, 1833, vol. i, p. 445; “De bello Vandalico,” lib. ii, cap. 9.

420 For an account of the immense booty taken by the Arabs, under Sa’ad, on this occasion, see Rawlinson, “Seventh Great Oriental Monarchy,” London, 1876, pp. 564-566. The total value has been placed as high as $125,000,000.

421 C.H. Emerson, “Psychocraft” [Portland, Me., 1911].

422 “Der Midrasch Bemidbar Rabba,” German transl. by Dr. Aug. WÜnsche, Leipzig, 1885, pp. 15, 16. Parasha II. Of the tarshish it is said the color resembled that of “the costly stone with which women adorn themselves,” possibly the pearl is signified. Hebrew text in “Sepher Midrash Rabba,” Vilna, 1845, pt. iii, “Sepher Bemidbar,” p. 23.

423 There are two evident transpositions in the text of Josephus between the fifth and sixth and the eighth and ninth stones respectively.

424 Alford, “The Greek Testament,” vol. iv, Pt. 2, p. 594.

425 Rabani Mauri, “Opera Omnia,” vol. v, col. 470. PatrologiÆ Lat., vol. cxi, Parisiis, 1864.

426 “New Edition of the Babylonian Talmud,” ed. and trans. by Michael L. Rodkinson, vol. v (xiii), New York, 1902, p. 210. Baba Batra.

427 BrÜckmann, “Abhandlung von Edelsteinen,” 2d ed., Braunschweig, 1773, p. 358.

428 Flavii Josephi, ed. Dindorf, Parisii, 1847, vol. ii, p. 97; “Antiq. Jud.,” lib. iii, cap. 7, paragraph 7. In the second century, Clemens Alexandrinus (lib. v, cap. 6) repeats this idea of Josephus, adding that the four rows in which the gems were disposed signified the four seasons of the year.

429 Sancti Hieronymi, “Opera Omnia,” ed. Migne, Parisiis, 1877, vol. i, col. 616; Epistola lxiv, paragraph 16.

430 LÜcke, “Versuch einer Einleitung in die Offenbarung Johannes,” Bonn, 1852, p. 964.

431 PatrologiÆ GrÆcÆ, ed. Migne, vol. cvi, Parisiis, 1863, cols. 433-438.

432 Georgius Vitringa, “Nauwkeurige onderzoek van de goddelyke Openbaring der H. Apostels Johannes,” Dutch trans. of Latin by M. Gargon, Amsterdam, 1728, vol. ii, p. 681.

433 Sancti Patris Epiphanii episcopi Cypri ad Diodorum Tyri episcopum, “De XII. Gemmis, quÆ erant in veste Aaronis,” ed. Gesner, Tiguri, 1565.

434 Rabani Mauri, “Opera Omnia,” vol. v, col. 465; in PatrologiÆ LatinÆ, ed. Migne, vol. xvi, Paris, 1864.

435 Poujet fils, “TraitÉ des pierres prÉcieuses,” Paris, 1762, p.4.

436 Poujet fils, l.c.

437 Surindro Mohun Tagore, “Mani MÁlÁ,” Pt II, Calcutta, 1881, pp 619, 621

438 The star-sapphire has already been described on pp. 106, 107.

439 Eliphas LÉvi, “Rituel de la haute magie,” Paris, 1861.

440 For this number, and for the succeeding multiples of thirteen, the gem is believed to counteract the malign influence of the number.

441 Wilhelmus Eo, “CoronÆ Gemma Nobilissima,” Newheusern, 1621, pp. 38-9.

442 Gaffarelli, “Curiositates inauditÆ,” Hamburgi, 1706, pp. 146, 147.

443 Schindler, “Der Aberglaube des Mittelalters,” Breslau, 1858, p. 131.

444 Reichelti, “De amuletis,” Argentorati, 1676, p. 45; citing Ficini, “De vita coelit.,” cap. 13.

445 Mairan, “Lettres au R.P. Parrenin,” Paris, 1770, pp. 275 sqq.

446 Mairan, l.c., pp. 199, 211.

447 “Collection of Engraved Gems,” Metropolitan Museum of Art, Handbook No. 9, pp. 53, 54.

448 Garbe, “Die indische Mineralien,” Naharari’s RÂjanighantu, Varga XIII, Leipzig, 1882, p. 80.

449 Garbe, “Die indische Mineralien,” Naharari’s RÂjanighantu, Varga XIII, Leipzig, 1882, p. 83.

450 Garbe, “Die indische Mineralien,” Naharari’s RÂjanighantu, Varga XIII, Leipzig, 1882, p. 84.

451 Surindro Mohun Tagore, “Mani MÁlÁ,” Pt. II, Calcutta, 1881, p. 883.

452 Morales, “De las virtudes y propiedades marvillosas de las piedras preciosas,” Valladolid, 1604, fols. 15a, 15b.

453 Rantzau, “Tractatus de genethliacorum thematum judiciis,” Francofurti, 1633, pp. 46-55.

454 Lapidario del Rey D. Alfonso X; codice original, Madrid, 1881, fols. 101-109.

455 Lane, “Arabian Society in the Middle Ages,” ed. by Stanley Lane-Poole, London, 1883, p. 98.

456 Pantagruel, liv. v, chap. xlii, Paris, 1833, p. 341.

457 Morales, “De las Piedras Preciosas,” Valladolid, 1604.

458 Morales, “De las piedras preciosas,” Valladolid, 1604, pp. 16a-16b.

459 Camilli Leonardi, “Speculum Lapidum,” Venetia, 1502, f. liv-lvi.

460 Camilli Leonardi, “Speculum Lapidum,” Venetia, 1502, f. liii.

461 Butler, “Hudibras,” Part II, Canto III, 11, 1096-1103.

462 Artemidori Daldiani et Achametis Sereimi Oneirocritica, ed. Regaltius, LutetiÆ, 1603, pp. 86, 87.

463 Ibid., p. 228.

464 Venice, 1602, p. 254.

465 “The Hermetic and Alchemical writings of Aureolus Philippus Theophrastus Bombast of Hohenheim, called Paracelsus the Great,” trans. by Arthur Edward Waite, London, 1894, Vol. I, pp. 14, 225, Vol. II, p. 218.

466 Plutarchi, “VitÆ,” ed. Sinteris, LipsiÆ, 1884, p. 339; Pericles, 38.

467 Eusebii Pamphili, “De laudibus Constantini,” cap. v; in Eusebii, “Opera Omnia,” ed. Migne, Parisiis, 1857, cols. 1337, 1340; PatrologiÆ GrÆcÆ, vol. xx.

468 The Travels of Sir Jerome Horsey, Hakluyt Society, London, 1856, pp. 199, 200.

469 The Fuggers of Augsburg, the jeweller bankers of the 15th and 16th centuries.

470 Wolffii, “Curiosus amuletorum scrutator,” Francofurti et LipsiÆ, 1692, p. 363; citing Rodolphus Goclenius (De peste, p. 70).

471 Olaus Borrichius, in the Collection AcadÉmique, Paris, 1757, tome iv, p. 338.

472 Lapidario del Rey D. Alfonso X, Codice Original, Madrid, 1881, f. xi.

473 “De lapidibus,” Friburgi, 1531, f.8.

474 New edition of the Babylonian Talmud, ed. and trans. by Michael L. Rodkinson, vol. v (xiii), Baba Barat, New York, 1902, p. 53. See also Beer, “Leben Abraham’s,” Leipzig, 1859, p. 79.

475 Surindro Mohun Tagore, “Mani MÁlÁ,” Pt. I, Calcutta, 1879, pp. 137, 139, 141.

477 Raumer, “Historisches Taschenbuch,” I Ser., vol. vi, Leipzig, 1835, p. 370.

478 Josephi Gonelli, “Thesaurus philosophicus, seu de gemmis,” Neapoli, 1702, pp. 76, 77.

479 Lapidario del Rey D. Alfonso X, Codice Original, Madrid, 1881, f. xv.

480 Marbodus, l.c., f. 48.

481 Rueus, l.c., p. 36.

482 Morales, “De las piedras preciosas,” Valladolid, 1604, f. 101.

483 AndreÆ Bacci, “De gemmis et lapidibus pretiosis,” Francofurti, 1603, pp. 63, 64 (annotation of Gabelchover to his Latin version).

484 Plinii, “Naturalis historia,” lib. xxxvii, cap. 16.

485 Psellus, “De lapidum virtutibus,” Lug. Bat., 1745, p. 32.

486 Johannis Braunii, “De Vestitu sacerd. Heb.,” Amstel., 1680, p. 659.

487 From an old book the title-page of which reads: “In hoc volumine de Alchemia,” etc., Norimberghe, 1541, p. 363.

488 Garbe, “Die indische Mineralien; Naharari’s RÂjanighantu, Varga xiii,” Leipzig, 1882, p. 76.

489 Teifashi, “Fior di pensieri sulle pietre preziose,” Ital. trans. by Antonio Raineri, Firenzi, 1818, p. 20.

490 “The Discovery of the Large, Rich, and Beautiful Empire of Guiana,” London, 1848, p. 29, Hakluyt Pub. Originally published in 1596.

491 Lettres de Voiture, ed. by Octave Uzanne, Paris, 1880, vol. i, p. 66, Letter XXIII.

492 Josephi Gonnelli, “Thesaurus philosophicus, seu de gemmis,” Neapoli, 1702, pp. 157, 158.

493 Claudii Galeni, “De simplic. medicament., etc.,” lib. ix, cap. 19. “Opera Omnia,” ed. C.G. KÜhn, LipsiÆ, 1826, vol. xii, p. 207. See also Duffield Osborne, “Engraved Gems,” New York, 1912, pp. 138, 139.

494 Garbe, “Die indische Mineralien”; Naharari’s “RÂjanighantu,” Varga XIII, Leipzig, 1882, p. 70.

495 The Vision of William Concerning Piers the Plowman, by William Langley (or Langland). Ed. by Rev. Walter W. Skeat, Oxford, 1881, p. 16. Passus II, lines 8-15.

496 Trimmed with fur.

497 Handsomely.

498 Adorned.

499 Burning coal.

500 Aquamarines.

501 Poisons.

502 Dugdale, “History of Saint Paul’s Cathedral in London,” London, 1818, vol. i, pp. 15, 16. First edition published in 1658.

503 Alberti Magni, “Opera omnia,” ed. Borgnet, Paris, 1890, vol. v, p. 44.

504 Labarte, “Inventaire du mobilier de Charles V,” Paris, 1879, p. 308, No. 2937.

505 “A Ternary of Paradoxes, written originally by Joh. Bapt. Van Helmont and translated, illustrated, and amplicated by Walter Charleton,” London, 1650, p. 17.

506 S. HildegardÆ, “Opera omnia,” in Pat. Lat. ed. by J.P. Migne, vol. cxcvii, Parisiis, 1855, col. 1255.

507 Arnobio, “Il tesoro delle gioie,” Venice, 1602, p. 21.

508 Bellucci, “Il feticismo in Italia,” Perugia, 1907, p. 91, note.

509 Monardes, Semplicium medicamentorum ex novo orbe delatorum historia (Latin version by Clusius), AntverpiÆ, 1579, p. 51.

510 Sahagun, “Historia general de las cosas de Nueva EspaÑa,” vol. iii. Mexico, 1830, pp. 300, 301; lib. xi, cap. viii.