 
2. See Jacobi, “Das Ramayana,” Bonn, 1893. 3. Geiger, “Dipavansa und Mahavansa, die beiden Chroniken der Insel Ceylon,” Erlangen, 1901. 4. Legge, “The Shu King,” Oxford, 1879, pp. 67, 69. 5. See p. 404. 6. Rawlinson, “Cuneiform Inscriptions of Babylonia and Assyria,” London, 1850, p. 38. 7. Gen. R. xl. 6. This story also exists somewhat altered in Arabic literature; see Weill’s “Biblical Legends of the Mussulmans,” New York, 1846. 8. Sale, “Preliminary Discourse to the Quran,” London, 1882, Vol. I, pp. 153–159. 9. Lib. XXIII, c. 6. 10. “PlinianÆ Exercitationes in Solinum,” 1629, pp. 822–4. 11. “Historia naturalis,” Lib. IX, c. 59. 12. Ibid., Lib. XXXVII, c. 2. 13. Ibid., Lib. IX, c. 53. 14. Ibid., Lib. XXXIII, c. 3. Also BÖttiger, “Sabina oder Morgenscenen,” Leipzig, 1803, Vol. I, p. 158. 15. Martial, “Epigrammata,” VIII, 81. 16. Seneca, “De beneficiis,” Lib. VII, c. 9. 17. Pliny, “Historia naturalis,” Lib. IX, c. 35. 18. Equivalent to 1,875,000 ounces of silver, worth about $1,300,000 at the present time, but of far greater value in Roman days. 19. “Divus Julius CÆsar,” c. 50. 20. “Dictionnaire des AntiquitÉs Grecques et Romaines,” Paris, 1904, Vol. III, pp. 1595–6. 21. See p. 449. 22. Froehner, “La Collection Tyszkiewicz,” Munich, 1892. 23. See p. 415. 24. Renaudot, “Ancient Accounts of India and China by Two Mohammedan Travelers,” London, 1733, p. 98. 25. “The Book of Ser Marco Polo,” London, 1871, Vol. II, p. 275. 26. Analogous to the uniform European word for this gem, is the extension of the Sanskrit form, mukta, from Persia to the Sulu Islands. In Tamil, the word for pearl is mootthoo; in Hindustani, it is mootie; in Cingalese, mootoo; and in Malay, mutya or mootara. (Ainslie, “Materia Indica,” London, 1826, Vol. I, pp. 292–297.) 27. Gollancz, “Pearl, an English Poem of the Fourteenth Century,” London, 1891. 28. Sachs, “Kaiserchronik,” Vol. IV, p. 261. 29. Staudenraus, “Chronik der Stadt Landshut,” 1832, Vol. I, p. 172. 30. Jones, “History and Mystery of Precious Stones,” London, 1880, p. 135. 31. Humboldt, “Personal Narrative of Travels to the New Continent,” London, 1822, Vol. II, p. 273. 32. See p. 473. 33. Yriarte, “Autour des Borgia,” Paris, 1891, pp. 136, 137. 34. See Yriarte, “Venice,” Paris, 1878, p. 236. 35. Ibid., pp. 252, 253. 36. Guidius, “De Mineralibus,” Frankfort, 1627, p. 74. 37. Ibid., p. 73. 38. Ibid., pp. 75–77. 39. Croker, “Lord Hervey’s Memoirs,” London, 1848, Vol. I, pp. 88, 89. 40. “The Naturall Historie of C. Plinius Secundus,” London, 1601, Book IX, ch. 35. 41. “Travels of Rabbi Benjamin of Tudela,” Gerrans’s edition, London, 1783, p. 23. 42. “Camden Britannia,” 2d edition, London, 1722, Vol. II, p. 801. 43. Ibid., Vol. II, p. 1003. 44. Richard Eden edition, London, 1577, 10th ch. of 3rd Decade, fol. 148a. 45. Hawkins, “Voyage to the South Sea in 1593,” London, 1847, p. 133. 46. Benzoni, “NovÆ Novi Orbis HistoriÆ,” Geneva, 1578, pp. 161–163. 47. “Philosophical Transactions,” 1674, No. 101, p. 11. 48. Goldsmith, “History of the Earth and Animated Nature,” 1774, Vol. VI, p. 54. 49. Rondelet, “UniversÆ Aquitilium HistoriÆ Pars Altera,” Lugduni, 1554. 50. “Gemmarum et Lapidum Historia,” HanoviÆ, 1609. 51. “The Travels of Pedro Teixeira,” Hakluyt Society, p. 180. 52. “Memoires de l’AcadÉmie des Sciences,” 1717, pp. 177–194. 53. Grill, in “Abhandlungen der KÖniglichen Schwed. Akademie der Wissenschaften,” Vol. XXXIV, p. 88, 1772. 54. “Philosophical Transactions,” 1826, Pt. III, pp. 338–341. 55. “Sull’origine delle Perle. II Cimento, revista di Scienze,” Torino, 1852, Vol. I, pp. 429–439. 56. “Memorie della Reale Academia delle Scienze di Torino,” 1855, Vol. XV, pp. 331–358; 1857, Vol. XVI, pp. 419–442, and 1859, Vol. XVIII, pp. 201–232. 57. MÜller’s “Archiv fÜr Anatomie,” 1856, pp. 269–281. 58. “Die echten Perlen,” Hamburg, 1858. Dr. MÖbius died in Berlin, on April 26, 1908. He was born at Eilenburg, in Saxony, in 1825. 59. “Report on the Natural History of the Pearl Oyster of Ceylon,” Trincomali, 1859. 60. “Journal of the Linnean Society,” Vol. XI, pp. 426–428. 61. “SociÉtÉ de Biologie, SÉance du 29 dÉcembre, 1903.” 62. “Comptes Rendus de l’AcadÉmie des Sciences,” Vol. 133, pp. 603–605, Oct. 14, 1901. 63. “Proceedings of the ZoÖlogical Society of London,” Vol. I, pp. 140–166. 64. “Proceedings of the ZoÖlogical Society of London,” 1902, pp. 148–150. 65. “Comptes Rendus de l’AcadÉmie des Sciences,” Paris, 1903, Vol. CXXXVII, pp. 611–613. 66. Seurat, “Observation sur l’Évolution de l’Huitre perliÈre des Tuamotu et des Gambier,” 1904. 67. “Pearl Oyster Fisheries of the Gulf of Manaar,” London, 1903, Vol. I, p. 11. 68. Hornell, “Report on the Placuna placenta Pearl Fishery of Lake Tampalakamam,” Colombo, 1906. 69. “Pearl Oyster Fisheries of the Gulf of Manaar,” London, 1903, Vol. I, p. 10. 70. Harley, “Proceedings of the Royal Society,” Vol. XLIII, p. 461. 71. “Die Perlenmuscheln,” Leipzig, 1859, pp. 294, 295. 72. Harley, “Proceedings of the Royal Society of London,” Vol. XLV, p. 612. 73. “Historia Naturalis,” Lib. IX, c. 35. This is also referred to by Macrobius in Saturnaliorum conviviorum Lib. II, c. 13. 74. Now in the French crown brooch in the possession of the Princess Youssoupoff of Russia. 75. See p. 465. 76. Taunton, “Australind,” London, 1903, p. 224. 77. “Tavernier’s Travels,” London, 1889, Vol. II, p. 115. See p. 97. 78. See “Report of the Royal Society,” Oct. 13, 1688. 79. Neither is there any special significance in the popular terms “clams,” “mussels,” etc., as applied to the pearl-bearing species of the rivers. The “clams,” or Unios of the Mississippi Valley, resemble neither the long clams (Mya) nor the round clams (Venus) of the Atlantic coast; the mussels of the fresh-water lakes are quite distinct from the edible ones of brackish waters, and the Pinna oyster and the giant clam (Tridacna) have little resemblance to the mollusks with which these terminal names are commonly associated. 80. Jameson, “On the identity and distribution of the mother-of-pearl oysters; with a revision of the subgenus Margaritifera.” Proceedings of the ZoÖlogical Society of London, Vol. L, 1901, pp. 372–394. 81. Vassel, “Sur la Pintadine du Golfe de Gabes, Comptes Rendus Assoc. FranÇ.,” 1896, pp. 458–466. 82. See “Comptes Rendus de l’AcadÉmie des Sciences,” Paris, 1904, Vol. CXXXVIII, pp. 301, 302. 83. See p. 288. 84. Garbe, “Die Indischen Mineralien,” Leipzig, 1882. 85. Gray’s Elegy. 86. In 1905, the Ceylon pearl yield approximated $2,000,000 in value. 87. Including African coast. 88. Including Sharks Bay. 89. Oppert, “L’Ambre jaune chez les Assyriens.” 90. Holland’s edition of 1601, p. 254. 91. Reinaud, “MÉmoire sur l’Inde,” Paris. 1849 92. “Travels of Rabbi Benjamin of Tudela,” London, 1783. 93. Lee, “Ibn Batuta,” 1829, p. 65. 94. “The Travels of Lodovico di Barthema, 1503 to 1508,” London, 1863, p. 95. 95. “Discours of Voyages into ye Easte and West Indies,” London, 1598, folio, ch. 84. 96. See p. 457, for Tavernier’s description of this gem. 97. Tavernier, “Travels in India,” London, 1889, Vol. II, p. 108. 98. Wellsted, “Travels in Arabia,” London, 1838, Vol. I, ch. 17, pp. 264, 265. 99. In report to the Government of Bombay, dated December 15, 1865. 100. Schlagintweit, “Nachrichtsblatt der deutschen Gesellschaft,” Frankfurt-am-Main, 1883, pp. 153–156. 101. Malcolm, “Sketches of Persia,” London, 1827, p. 27. 102. “Personal Narrative of Journey through Arabia,” London, 1865, p. 100. 103. Lord Curzon reports 4500 boats, and some other authorities state 5000, but this probably includes a number of tenders. 104. For this and some other data on the pearling fleet of Bahrein we are indebted to the kindness of Dr. S. M. Zwemer, who has spent many years at the Bahrein Islands as a missionary. 105. “Reports by the Superintendent of the Fishery and the Inspector of the Pearl Banks,” Colombo, 1887. 106. Wellsted, “Travels in Arabia,” London, 1838, Vol. I, p. 266. 107. “Histoire de l’Isle de Ceylon,” Amsterdam, 1701, ch. 22, p. 169. 108. “An Account of the Island of Ceylon,” London, 1803, ch. 3, p. 91. 109. “Asiatic Researches,” London, 1798, Vol. V, p. 402. 110. Chardin, “Voyages en Perse,” Paris, 1811, Vol. III, p. 363. 111. Sprat, “History of the Royal Society,” London, 1667, p. 169. 112. Philosophical Transactions for 1669, No. 43, p. 863. 113. Diemerbroeck, “Anatome Corporis Humani,” Ultrajecti, 1672. 114. Sixth American Edition, New York, 1835, Vol. I, p. 239. 115. Reinaud, “Fragments Arabes,” Paris, 1845, p. 126. Lee, “Ibn Batuta,” London, 1829, p. 65. 116. A Christian physician who lived in the time of the Khalif Wathek Billa, about 842 A.D. 117. “Specimen Arabicum,” Traiecti ad Rhenum, 1784, p. 64. 118. Ibid., p. 65. 119. Writers describing the early pearl fisheries on the American coast, and especially at Cubagua on the present coast of Venezuela, also reported very lengthy stays. In 1526, Gonzalo Fernandez de Oviedo y ValdÉs wrote: “The thing that causeth men most to marvel is to consider how many of them can remain at the bottom for the space of one whole hour, and some more or less, according to expertness.” (“Natural Historia de las Indias,” Toledo, 1526.) About 1588, the Jesuit priest JosÉ de Acosta wrote: “I did see them make their fishing, the which is done with great charge and labor of the poor slaves, which dive 6, 7, yea 12 fathoms into the sea...; but yet the labor and toil is greatest in holding their breath, sometimes a quarter, yea, half an hour together under water.” (Acosta, “Natural and Moral History of the Indies,” Hakluyt Society, 1880, p. 227.) 120. Tavernier, “Travels in India,” Ball edition, Vol. II, pp. 114, 115. 121. London, 1812, p. 55. 122. See infra., p. 125. 123. “The Book of Ser Marco Polo,” London, 1871, Vol. II, pp. 267, 268. 124. Jordanus, “Mirabilia Descripta,” Hakluyt Society, 1863, p. 28. 125. “The Voyage of John Huyghen van Linschoten to the East Indies,” Hakluyt Society, 1884, Vol. II, pp. 133–135. 126. “Hakluyt’s Voyages,” Vol. V, Glasgow, 1904, pp. 395–397. Benjamin Franklin states that the Mediterranean divers, finding the light below obscured by the surface waves, used to let a little oil out of their mouths at intervals, which, rising to the surface, smoothed the waters. This might be a suggestion to modern marine and fresh-water pearl fishers. 127. “The Travels of Pedro Teixeira,” Hakluyt Society, 1902, pp. 174–181. 128. “Asiatic Researches,” London, 1798, pp. 393, et seq. 129. “The Island of Ceylon,” 1803, ch. 3. 130. “Description of Ceylon,” 1807, Vol. II, pp. 36–78. 131. In 1881, the number of days was the same—47, the season extending from March 4 to April 27. In 1891 there were 40 working days, in 1904 there were 33, in 1903 there were 36, and in 1906 there were 36 days of actual fishing. 132. See Reinaud’s “Fragments Arabes,” Paris, 1845, p. 125. 133. “Pearl Oyster Fisheries of the Gulf of Manaar,” 5 vols., London, 1903–1906. 134. Tavernier, “Travels in India,” Vol. II, ch. 21. 136. The report of the Chief of Police at the 1905 fishery states: “In the camp there were 40,000 to 50,000 persons, of whom it may be said that not less than a tenth were gamblers, vagrants, and rogues, who, without occupation in their own country, made their way to Marichchukkadi with the hope of making money to gamble in oysters.” (“Reports on the Pearl Fisheries for 1905,” Colombo, p. 17.) 137. In 1906 there were 473 boats employed; in 1905, 318; in 1857, 1858, 1859, and 1863, over 400 boats reported for employment. 138. Some years ago, notably in the early sixties, each and every boat was required to have ten divers, thus making a total of 23 persons in each boat. (See Vane’s “Report on Ceylon Pearl Fisheries,” 1863.) 139. Supra., p. 100. 140. Hornell, “Reports on the Pearl Fisheries of 1904,” Colombo, p. 31. 141. “Reports on the Pearl Fishery for 1904,” p. 7. 142. “Reports on the Pearl Fishery for 1905,” p. 23. 143. Ibid., p. 22. 144. “The Book of Ser Marco Polo,” London, 1871, Vol. II, p. 267. 145. Cordiner, “Description of Ceylon,” Vol. II, p. 52. 146. “Reports on the Pearl Fisheries of 1904,” p. 17. 147. Ibid., p. 17. 148. Ibid., p. 34. 149. “Royal Asiatic Society Proceedings,” 1887–1888, p. 100. 150. “Reports on the Pearl Fisheries of 1905,” p. 40. 151. Ibid., p. 24. 152. “Reports on the Pearl Fishery for 1904,” Colombo, p. 6. 153. “Colonial Sessional Papers,” 1904, Colombo, p. 653. 154. “Colonial Sessional Papers,” 1906, Colombo, p. 330. 155. “Reports on the Pearl Fisheries for 1905,” Colombo, p. 25. 156. Ordinance No. 8 of 1906. 157. “Ceylon Sessional Papers,” 1906, p. 328. 158. Ibid., pp. 333, 335. 159. “Ceylon Sessional Papers,” 1906, p. 650. 160. The Government Commission has interdicted the fishing for this year (1908), as experts have reported the pearl-oysters were not plentiful enough and were also immature, being only five years old. The next fishery will be in 1909. 161. Kelaart, “Report on the Tablegram Pearl-Oysters,” Trincomali, 1857, 6 pp. 162. Hornell, “Report on the Placuna placenta Pearl Fishery of Lake Tampalakamam,” Colombo, 1906. 163. Jardine, “Report Relating to the Mergui Pearl Fisheries,” Rangoon, 1894, p. 6. 164. Nisbet, “Burma Under British Rule and Before,” Westminster, 1901, Vol. I, p. 362. 165. Nisbet, “Burma Under British Rule and Before,” Vol. I, p. 363. 166. See Proverbs xxxi, 1. 167. Hesse, “Der Zoologische Garten,” Dec. 1, 1898. 168. Wellsted, “Travels in Arabia,” London, 1838, Vol. II, p. 238. 169. Ibid., Vol. I, pp. 268, 269. 170. “Bolletino della SocietÀ d’esplorazione commerciale in Africa,” Milan, June, 1898. 171. Von Hessling, “Die Perlenmuscheln,” Leipzig, 1859, p. 6. 172. See p. 288 for an account of the methods. 173. Statist. “Beschreibung des chines. Reiches,” 1842, Vol. II, p. 11. 174. Ranft, “VollstÄndige Beschreibung des russischen Reiches,” Leipzig, 1767, p. 415. 175. Witsen, “Nord en Oost Tartarye,” 1705. p. 762. 176. Tavernier, “Travels in India,” Ball edition, London, 1889, Vol. II, pp. 113, 114. 177. One candareen equals 5.72 grains. 178. One koban equals 66 cents. 179. $4200. 180. Kaempfer, “History of Japan,” 1728, Vol. I, pp. 110, 111. 181. Ibid., Vol. I, p. 139. 182. Joao dos Santos, “Ethopia Oriental,” Lisbon, 1609, Vol. i, c. 27. 183. Lisbon Geographical Society Report, January, 1903. 184. “Britanniam petiisse spe margaritarum, quarum amplitudinem conferentem, interdum sua manu exegisse pondus.” “Divus Julius Caesar,” c. 47. 185. “Naturall Historie,” Holland edition, London, 1601, Lib. IX, c. 35. 186. “Vita AgricolÆ,” c. 12. 187. Giles’s edition, London, 1840, p. 6. 188. Joyce. “Social History of Ancient Ireland.” New York. 1903. Vol. II, p. 227. 189. Nicolai, “Anglia Sacra,” Vol. II, p. 236. Also “Alberti Magni Opera Omnia,” ed. Augusti Borgnet, Paris. 1890, Vol. V., p. 41. 190. “Histoire de l’OrfÈvrerie-Joaillerie.” Paris, 1850, p. 46. De Laborde, “Emaux,” Paris, 1852, Vol. II, p. 437. 191. Camden. “Britannia.” 2nd edition, London, 1722, Vol. II, p. 802. 192. Macpherson, “Annals of Commerce,” Vol. II, p. 131. 193. Sibbald, “Hist. Nat. Scotiae,” 1684, Vol. III, p. 27. 194. Camden, “Britannia,” London, 1695, p. 924. 195. London, 1777, Vol. II., p. 24. 196. “History of Cumberland,” London, 1794, Vol. I, p. 573. 197. Joyce. “Social History of Ancient Ireland,” New York, 1903, Vol. II, p. 227. 198. “Transactions of the Royal Society of London, for 1693,” Vol. XVIII, No. 198, pp. 659–663. 199. Pennant, “Tour in Scotland,” Chester, 1771. 200. London “Times,” December 24, 1863. 201. Hugh Miller, “My Schools and Schoolmasters,” 1852, p. 201. 202. Puton, “Mollusques terrestres et fluviales des Vosges: Le DÉpartement des Vosges, statistique, historique, et administrative, par Henri Lepaye et Ch. Charton,” Nancy, 1845, 8vo, 2 vols., Vol. I. 203. Godron, “Les perles de la Vologne, et le ChÂteau-sur-Perle.” “MÉmoires de l’AcadÉmie de Stanislas, 1869,” Nancy, 1870, pp. 10–30. 204. Volcyr, “Cronicque abrÉgÉe par petits vers huytains des Empereurs, Roys, et Ducz d’Austraisie,” etc., Paris, 1530. 205. Reues, “De Gemmis aliquot,” etc., Tiguri, 1566, p. 47. 206. Claude de la Ruelle, “Les pourtraicts des ceremonies,... et pompe funÈbres faitez au corps de feu Charles III, Duc de Lorraine,” etc. Nancy, 1609. 207. Lister, “Journey to Paris in the year 1698,” London, p. 143. 208. Durival, “Description de la Lorraine et du Barrois,” Nancy, 1779, Vol. I, p. 280. 209. Bonnemere, “Les perles fines de l’Ouest de la France,” “Revue des sciences naturelles de l’Ouest,” 1899, Vol. III, p. 97–99. 210. “La Nature,” 1899, pp. 347, 348. 211. Von Hessling, “Ueber die Erzeugung kÜnstlicher Perlen,” “Gelehrte Anzeigen der MÜnchener Akademie,” 1856, Vol. II, p. 159. 212. Weinmann, “Bresslauer Naturgeschichten,” 1725. 213. Tavernier, “Travels in India,” 1889, Vol. II, p. 113. 214. Von Hessling, “Die Perlenmuscheln,” Leipzig, 1859, p. 179. 215. “BeitrÄge zur Naturkunde des Herzogthums Celle,” Halle, 1766, Pt. I, p. 70. 216. Von Hessling, “Die Perlenmuscheln,” p. 180. 217. MÖbius, “Die echten Perlen,” Hamburg, 1858., p. 47. 218. Jahn, “VoigtlÄndische Perlenfischerei,” p. 165; Von Hessling, “Die Perlenmuscheln,” p. 182. 219. Von Hessling, “Die Perlenmuscheln,” p. 182. 220. “Die echten Perlen,” p. 48. 221. Gesner, “De aquatilibus,” Tiguri, 1560. 222. Bohuslai Balbini, “Miscellanea historica regni BohemiÆ,” Prague, 1679, Vol. I, p. 73. 223. “Allg. Zeitung,” Nov. 1, 1858, No. 305. 224. Von Hessling, “Die Perlenmuscheln,” Leipzig, p. 178. 225. Holberg, “Danmarks Riges Historie,” Reicharot edition, 1743, Vol. II, p. 632. 226. Thaaruys, “Versuch einer Statistik der dÄnischen Monarchie,” Copenhagen, 1795, Pt. I, p. 416. 227. Jahn, “VoigtlÄndische Perlenfischerei,” p. 175; and Von Hessling, “Die Perlenmuscheln,” p. 189. 228. Pontoppidan, “Versuch einer natÜrlichen Historie von Norwegen,” Copenhagen, 1754, Vol. II, p. 309. 229. Olaus Magnus, “Historia de gentibus septentrionalibus,” Antwerp, 1562, c. 6, p. 192. 230. LinnÆus, “Lach. Lapponica,” Vol. II, pp. 104–107. 231. See “Abhandlungen der Schwedischen Akademie,” 1742, Vol. IV, p. 240; 1759, Vol. XXI, p. 136, and 1762, Vol. XXIV, p. 64. 232. “Die Perlenmuscheln,” Leipzig, 1859, p. 194. 233. Kawall, “La pÊche des perles en Livonie,” “Annales de la SociÉtÉ Malacologique de Belgique,” 1872, Vol. VII, pp. 38–46. 234. Dionysius Fabricius, “Scriptor rerum Livonicarum,” 1612, Vol. II, p. 440. 235. G. F. Mylius, “Memorabilium Saxoniae subterraneae,” Leipzig, 1709–1718, Vol. II, p. 20. 236. Charles Zeze, “Considerations sur les liÈvres blancs en Livonie,” 1749, p. 52. 237. A. H. Hupel, “Nouvelles topographiques de Livonie et d’Esthionie,” 1774, Vol. I, p. 134. 238. “Die Perlenmuscheln,” Leipzig, p. 196. 239. Baer and Helmersen, “BeitrÄge zur Kenntniss des russischen Reiches,” St. Petersburg, 1845, Vol. XI, pp. 143, 144. 240. Kohl, “Reisen in SÜdrussland,” 2nd edition, Leipzig, 1846, Vol. I, p. 15. 241. “Voyage aux Iles du Grand OcÉan,” Paris, 1838; also “Le Correspondant,” March 10, 1906. 242. “La Peche et la Culture des Huitres PerliÈres À Tahiti; PÊcheries de l’Archipel Tuamotu,” Paris, 1885. 243. Seurat, “L’huitre perliÈre,” Paris, 1900, p. 133. 244. Lucatt, “Rovings in the Pacific from 1837 to 1849,” London, 1851, Vol. I, p. 245. 245. “Bulletin United States Fish Commission,” Vol. V, p. 293. 246. Alexander, “Report United States Fish Commission,” Vol. XXVII, p. 764. 247. “Tahiti et les Colonies FranÇaises de la PolynÉsie,” Paris, 1887, p. 173. 248. “Report on Pearl Fisheries of North Queensland,” Brisbane, 1890. 249. Garran, “Australasia Illustrated,” Sydney, 1892, Vol. II, p. 886. 250. Gill, “Life in the Southern Isles,” London, 1876, p. 294. 251. “Australind,” London, 1900, pp. 233–239. 252. 45 VictoriÆ, No. 2. 253. 50 VictoriÆ, No. 2. 254. 55 VictoriÆ, No. 29. 255. 50 VictoriÆ, No. 7. 256. 55 VictoriÆ, No. 29. 257. “Departmental Commission on Pearl Shell and BÊche-de-Mer Fisheries,” Brisbane, 1897. 258. “Report on the Fishing Industry for the Year 1905,” Perth, 1906, pp. 4–7. 259. During the month of June, 1908, a severe storm destroyed a pearling fleet, with a loss of 40 vessels and 270 lives. 260. “Report of Departmental Commission on Pearl Shell and BÊche-de-Mer Fisheries,” Brisbane, 1897. 261. 55 VictoriÆ, No. 29. 262. To this should be added the output of Sharks Bay, amounting to £2000 in 1906, making a total of $450,000. 263. See pp. 70 and 200. 264. Comyn, “State of the Philippine Islands,” London, 1820, pp. 38, 39. 265. “Storia Naturale delle Gemme,” Naples, 1730. Vol. I, p. 461. 266. Crawfurd, “History of the Indian Archipelago,” Edinburgh, 1820, Vol. III, p. 445. 267. Act No. 51, June 7, 1904. 268. A letter from the Bureau of Insular Affairs, dated November 20, 1906, states: “It is proposed by the officials of the Moro province to amend the regulations so that, under certain restrictions, vessels of foreign build may engage in pearl fisheries.” 269. Act No. 43, amended June 7, 1904. 270. “Historia general de las Indias,” by Francisco Lopez de Gomara, 12mo, 1554, pp. 104–106 b. 271. Herrera, “Historia general de los hechos de los Castellanos en las islas y Tierra Firme del Mar Oceano,” Dec. iii, Book VII, ch. 3. 272. Herrera, “Descripcion de las Indias Occidentales,” Dec. iv, Book VI, ch. 12. 273. Humboldt’s “Personal Narrative,” Vol. II, p. 273. 274. Translated from “Historia del Mondo Nuovo,” Geneva, 1578. 275. Translation of Chauveton’s Notes to Benzoni’s “Historia del Mondo Nuovo,” Geneva, 1578, fol. 170. 276. Ibid., fol. 168. 277. “Natural and Moral History of the Indies,” Hakluyt Society, London, 1880, p. 228. 278. Humboldt, “Personal Narrative of Travels to the Equinoctial Regions of the New Continent, 1799–1804.” 279. Findlay, “Directory for the Navigation of the Pacific Ocean,” London, 1851, Vol. I, p. 217. 280. Rosales, “Gran RecopilaciÓn de Venezuela,” Caracas, 1889. 281. Gomara, “Historia general de las Indias,” 1554, pp. 268, 269 b. 282. 111½ ounces of gold; present value about $2300. 283. Gemelli-Careri, “Giro del Mondo,” Venezia, 1719, p. 240. 284. Ulloa, “RelaciÓn historica del viage Á la AmÉrica meridional,” Madrid, 1748. 285. “Ulloa’s Voyage to South America,” translated by J. Adams, London, 1758. 286. Hakluyt’s “Voyages,” Glasgow, 1904, Vol. IX, pp. 318, 319. 287. Clavigero, “Storia della California,” Venezia, 1789, Vol. I, p. 161. 288. Venegas, “Noticia de las Californias,” Madrid, 1757, p. 454. 289. Clavigero, “Historia de la Baja antigua California.” Esteva, “Boletin de la Sociedad Mexicana de Geographia y Estadistica,” Vol. X, pp. 673–697. 290. Pedro Alvarado, “Historia California,” Vol. I, p. 10. 291. Baegert, “Nachrichten von der Amerikanischen Halbinsel Californien,” Mannheim, 1772. 292. Arch. Cal. Prov. St. Pap. xvi. Ben. Mil. xvi, xvii, xviii. 293. Hardy, “Travels in Mexico,” London, 1829, pp. 231–238. 294. Diguet, “Bulletin de la SociÉtÉ Centrale d’Aquiculture,” Paris, 1895, Vol. VII, pp. 1–18. 295. Esteva, “Memoria sobre la Pesca de la Perla,” “Boletin de la Sociedad Mexicana de GeographÍa,” Vol. X, pp. 681–688. 296. Lassepas, “Historia de la Baja California,” Mexico, 1859, p. 65. 297. Pujol, “Estudio BiolÓgico sobre la ostra Avicula margaritiferus,” “Boletin de la Sociedad de GeographÍa,” Epoc. 2, Vol. III, p. 139 et seq. 298. Diguet, “Bulletin de la SociÉtÉ Centrale d’Aquiculture,” 1895, Vol. VII. 299. Lassepas, “Historia de la ColonizaciÓnde la Baja California,” Mexico, 1859. 300. “Recueil des piÈces sur la Floride,” Paris, 1841. 301. “RelaÇam verdadeira dos Trabalhos q ho gouernador do Fernado de Souto e certos fidalgos portugueses passarom no descobrimeto da provincia da Frolida. Agora nouamente feita per hu fidalgo Deluas.” 302. “La Florida del Ynca,” Lisbon, 1605. 303. One arroba = twenty-five pounds’ weight. 304. “Discovery of Florida,” Hakluyt Society, 1851, Vol. IX, p. 181. 305. Ibid., p. 50. 306. “Discovery of Florida,” Hakluyt Society, 1851, Vol. IX, p. 60. 307. Bernard Shipp, “The History of Hernando de Soto and Florida from 1512 to 1568,” Philadelphia, 1881, 8vo, p. 364. 308. Bernard Shipp, “The History of Hernando de Soto and Florida from 1512 to 1568,” Philadelphia, 1881, 8vo, p. 369. 309. Ibid., p. 372. 310. “Relation of Alvar Nunez CabeÇa de Vaca,” translated by Buckingham Smith, New York, 1871. 311. Bernard Shipp, “History of Hernando de Soto and Florida,” Philadelphia, 1881, p. 586. 312. Hakluyt, “The Principall Navigations, Voiages, and Discoveries of the English Nation,” London, 1589. 313. “Purchas’s Pilgrims,” London, 1625, Vol. IV, p. 179. 314. Hakluyt’s “Voyages,” Glasgow, Vol. VIII, p. 357. 315. P. F. X. de Charlevoix, “History of New France,” New York, 1900, p. 129. 316. “Voyage of Father Gravier in 1700 From the Country of Illinois to the Mouth of the Mississippi,” Cleveland, 1900, p. 141. 317. Coxe, “A Description of the English Province of Carolana, by the Spaniards call’d Florida, and by the French La Louisiane, as also of the Great and Famous River Meschacebe or Missisipi,” London, 1722, pp. 82, 83. 318. “Allgemeine Handelszeitung,” Leipzig, April, 1789, p. 218. 319. “Frank Leslie’s Magazine,” New York, May 23, 1857, Vol. III, pp. 384–386. 320. “Gems and Precious Stones of North America,” by George F. Kunz, New York, 1889–1892, pp. 211–257. “The Fresh-Water Pearls of the United States,” Washington, 1898, 50 pages and plates. 321. “Neue Zeit,” in Ausland, 1858, No. 8, p. 192. 322. See p. 258. 323. Illinois State has passed a bill to regulate pearl fishing. See Addendum on p. 513. 324. Philostratus, “Vita Apollonii,” Lib. III, c. 57, edit. Olearii, p. 139. Also see Konrad von Gessner, “HistoriÆ natura,” Lib. IV, p. 634. 325. Vol. XXII, pp. 425–437. 326. Pulteney, “General View of the Writings of LinnÆus,” London, 1805. 327. “Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London,” October, 1905. p. 26. 328. Pearl: an excrescence on the inside of a shell when the outside has been perforated. 329. Beckmann, “History of Inventions,” London, 1846, Vol. I, p. 263. 330. London, 1821, p. 48. 331. “Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London,” October, 1905, p. 29. 332. See Grill, “Abhandlungen der kÖniglichen Schwedischen Akademie der Wissenschaften auf das Jahr 1772,” Leipzig, Vol. XXXIV, pp. 88–90. 333. “Journal of the Society of Arts,” Vol. II, pp. 72–75. 334. “Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London,” October, 1905, p. 28. 335. “La PÈche et la Culture des Huitres PerliÈres À Tahiti,” Paris, 1885. 336. “Comptes Rendus de l’AcadÉmie des Sciences,” Vol. CXXVII, pp. 828–830. 337. See p. 73. 338. KÆmpfer, “History of Japan,” London, 1728, Vol. I, pp. 110–112. 339. “Notes and Queries,” 3rd Series, Vol. II, p. 228. 340. “Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society,” Singapore, 1878, Vol. I., pp. 31–37. 341. “Jewelers’ Review,” May 10, 1892. 342. Bloomfield, “Hymns of the Atharvaveda,” Oxford, 1897, p. 62. 343. Macgowan, “Journal of the Society of Arts,” Vol. II, p. 73. 344. Pfirzmaier, “Kaiserliche Akademie der Wissenschaften,” Wien, 1868, Vol. LVII, p. 623. 345. Translated from Klenn, “Culturgeschichte,” Leipzig, 1852, Vol. X, p. 318. 346. Tennyson, “Idylls of the King.” 347. “Opera omnia,” Paris, 1864, Vol. V, p. 473. 348. W. & G. Audsley, “Handbook of Christian Symbolism,” London, 1865, p. 140. 349. “Lucile,” Pt. II, c. 6, st. 16. 350. “Le Mercure Indien, ou le TrÉsor des Indes,” Paris, 1672, p. 160. 351. Many Greek scholars maintain that this is a knotted cord or fillet; but this view is contested by others. 352. Edited by Jibananda Vidyasagara, Calcutta, 1877. 353. Edited by Vidyasagara, 1873. 354. Garbe, “Die Indischen Mineralien.” Narahari’s “Raganighantu,” Varga XIII, Leipzig, 1882, p. 74. 355. Ainslie, “Materia Indica,” London, 1826, Vol. I, p. 292. 356. “Ma?i-mÁlÁ,” Calcutta, 1881, p. 871. 357. “Ma?i-mÁlÁ,” Calcutta, 1879, p. 315. 358. Finot, “Les Lapidaires Indiens,” Paris, 1896, p. 15. 359. “Materia medica of India and their Therapeutics,” Bombay, 1903, p. 98. 360. “Alberti Magni Opera omnia,” ed. Augusti Borgnet, Paris, 1890, Vol. V, p. 41. 361. “Lapidario del Rey D. Alfonso X,” Codice original, Madrid, 1881, p. 4. 362. De Boot, “Gemmarum et Lapidum Historia,” Hanover, 1609, Lib. II, c. 38, p. 87. 363. Margaritologia, Monachii, 1637. 364. Lovell, “Panmineralogicon,” Oxford, 1661, pp. 77, 78. 365. Jones, “Credulities Past and Present,” London, 1880, p. 166. 366. “Speculum lapidum,” Venice, 1502, p. 37. 367. Yriarte, “Florence,” Paris, 1881, p. 39. 368. Bacon, “Historia VitÆ et Mortis,” Londini, 1623, p. 100. 369. Grew, Nehemiah, “MusÆum Regalis Societatis,” London, 1681, p. 145. 370. “A Queen’s Delight,” London, 1671, pp. 75, 76. 371. “Hamlet,” Act V, sc. 2. 372. W. J. Lawson, “History of Banking,” London, 1850, pp. 24, 25. 373. “The Naturall Historie of C. Plinius Secundus,” Lib. IX, c. 35. This anecdote is mentioned also by Macrobius (Circa 400 A.D.) in “Saturnaliorum conviviorum libri septem,” Lib. II, c. 13. 374. See p. 55. 375. “The Naturall Historie of C. Plinius Secundus,” Lib. IX, c. 35. 376. See the epitaph of Tutichylus “qui fuit margaritarius,” Orelli, 4076. 377. Lowis d’A. Jackson, “Modern Metrology,” London, 1881, p. 370. 378. Grimm, “Deutsches WÖrterbuch,” Leipzig, 1873, Vol. V, p. 205. 379. Guillaume, “Les rÉcents progrÈs du systÈme mÉtrique,” Paris, 1907, pp. 62–66, “La rÉforme du carat.” 380. William Hallock and Herbert T. Wade. “Outlines of the Evolution of Weights and Measures and the Metric System,” New York, 1906, p. 25. 381. “A New English Dictionary,” Oxford and New York, 1893, Vol. II, Pt. I, p. 105. 382. Buteonis, “Opera Geometrica,” Lugduni, 1554, pp. 88–96. 383. See “Edelsteinkunde,” Wilhelm Rau, Leipzig, 1907, p. 137. 384. “Les Lapidaires Indiens,” Paris, 1896. 385. The guÑja was one fifth of a mÂsaka and equaled about 2¼ grains. 386. Finot, “Les Lapidaires Indiens,” Paris, 1896, p. 22. 387. “Fior di Pensieri sulle Pietre Preziose di Ahmed al Teifascite,” text and translation by Antonio Raineri, Florence, 1818, pp. 8, 9. 388. Charles Barbot, “Traite ComplÈte des Pierres PrÉcieuses,” Paris, 1858, p. 467. 389. Emanuel, “Diamonds and Precious Stones,” 2nd edition, London, 1867, p. 6. 390. Anselmi de Boot, “Gemmarum et Lapidum Historia,” Hanoviae, 1609, pp. 88–90. 391. De Rosnel, “Le Mercure Indien,” Paris, 1672, Pt. III, pp. 17, 18. 392. Rice Vaughan, “A Discourse of Coin and Coinage,” London, 1675, p. 241. 393. David Jeffries, “A Treatise on Diamonds and Pearls,” London, 1751, pp. 128–141. 394. “EncyclopÉdie de Diderot et d’Alembert,” NeuchÂtel and Paris, 1774, Vol. XII, p. 385. 395. Pio Naldi, “Delle Gemme e delle Regole per Valutarle,” Bologna, 1791, p. 207. 396. Emanuel, “Diamonds and Precious Stones,” London, 1867, p. 197. 397. “L’EncyclopÉdie ou Dictionnaire RaisonnÉ des Sciences,” NeuchÂtel and Paris, 1774, Vol. XII, p. 385. 398. “Delle Gemme,” etc., 1791. 399. See “Report to the Government of Ceylon on the Pearl Oyster Fisheries of the Gulf of Manaar,” by W. A. Herdman, F.R.S., Pt. V, London, 1906, pp. 34–36. 400. See pp. 124–127. 401. See “Modern Metrology,” Lowis d’A. Jackson, London, 1882, p. 369. 402. From “Navaratnapariska,” in Finot, “Les Lapidaires Indiens,” p. 158. 403. Guillielmi Budaei, “De Asse,” Venice, 1522, Lib. V, pp. 67, 68. 404. Caire and Dufie, “La Science des Pierres PrÉcieuses appliquÉe aux Arts,” Paris, 1833. 405. Charles Barbot, “TraitÉ ComplÈte des Pierres PrÉcieuses,” Paris, 1858, pp. 464, 465. 406. “The Book of Ser Marco Polo, the Venetian.” Trans. and ed. by Col. Henry Yule, London, 1871, Vol. II, p. 275. 407. General Appraisers 5146 (Treasury Department 23748). 408. December 6, 1901; 112 Fed. Rep. 672. 409. Suit No. 3328. 410. Dec. 29, 1903. 411. Suit No. 4974. 412. General Appraisers 4166. 413. General Appraisers 5148. 414. Suits Nos. 2781 and 3324. 415. John and Andrew van Rymsdyk, “Museum Brittanicum,” London, 1778, p. 8, note. 416. Finot, “Les Lapidaires Indiens,” Paris, 1896, p. 24. 417. “An Essay upon Various Arts, in Three Books by Theophilus, called also Rugerus, Priest and Monk, Forming an Encyclopedia of Christian Art of the Eleventh Century.” Translated, with notes, by Robert Hendrie. London, 1847. 418. “Indian Art,” by Sir George C. M. Birdwood (South Kensington Museum Art Books), Pt. II, pp. 188, 248. 419. Anselmi de Boodt, “Gemmarum et Lapidum Historia,” Hanover, 1609. Lib. II, c. 40, “Quomodo margaritae perforuntur,” p. 91. 420. See portrait facing page 442. 421. Charles Barbot, “TraitÉ ComplÈte des Pierres PrÉcieuses,” Paris, 1858, pp. 464, 465. 422. “DÉlÉgation en Perse,” Paris, 1905, Vol. VIII, p. 52. 423. De Morgan, “DÉlÉgation en Perse,” Paris, 1905, Vol. VIII, p. 52. 424. Imhoof-Blumer, “PortrÄtkÖpfe auf antiken MÜnzen,” pl. 7, figs. 12 sqq. 425. See “DÉlÉgation en Perse,” Vol. VIII. “Recherches ArchÉologiques.” Paris, 1905, third series, pp. 51–2, pl. 5. 426. Equivalent to about 1,250,000 ounces of silver; Hardouin says 7,600,000 francs. 427. “Naturall Historie,” London, 1601, Lib. IX, c. 35. 428. MS. BibliothÈque Nationale, Paris, 2089, XLVII, No. 12. 429. “Dictionnaire des Antiquites Grecques et Romaines,” ed. by Deremberg and Saglio: Art. “Inaures” by Pottier, Paris, 1899, Vol. III, pp. 440–447. 430. Babelon, “Cab. des Antiq.,” pl. 33, fig. 3. 431. Duruy, “Hist. des Romains,” Vol. I, p. 511. 432. Custodian of the coin collection of the Philadelphia Mint. 433. Imperial Museum of ArchÆology, St. Petersburg, Russia. 434. “Della Storia Naturale delle Gemme delle Pietre e di tutti i Minerali,” Giacinto Gimma, Naples, 1730. 435. Tabari, “Chronique,” translated by Zotenberg, Paris, 1869, Vol. II, p. 304. 436. Ibid., Vol. III, p. 417. 437. Alexander, “The History of Women,” London, 1782, Vol. II, p. 136. 438. “The Book of Ser Marco Polo, the Venetian,” trans. and ed. by Col. Henry Yule, London, 1871, Vol. I, p. 343. 439. De MÉly, “Les Lapidaires Chinois,” Paris, 1896, p. 178. 440. “The Book of Ser Marco Polo, the Venetian,” trans. and ed. by Col. Henry Yule, London, 1871, Vol. II, p. 275. 441. Alexander, “The History of Women,” London, 1782, Vol. II, p. 172. 442. Max MÜller, “Rig-Veda Samhita,” 1862, Vol. IV, p. 64. 443. Alexander, “The History of Women,” London, 1782, Vol. II, p. 171. 444. From a letter of Charles Roach Smith, Esq., F. S. A., to John Gage Rokewode, F. R. S. “ArchÆologia,” Vol. XXIX, p. 70. 445. Augustus C. Hamlin, “Leisure Hours Among the Gems,” Boston, 1884, p. 22. 446. Dieulafoy, “L’art antique de la Perse,” Paris, 1884. Pt. V, p. 137. 447. See Maskell, “Russian Art” (South Kensington Museum Handbooks), London, 1884, pp. 83, 84; also “La Russie MÉridionale,” by Reinach-Kondakoff-Tolstoy, pp. 489, 490. 448. “Die Domkirche bei St. Veit in Prag,” Prague, 1890, pp. 13, 19, 21. 449. Abridged from a description by Professor Tennant. 450. Davenport Debrett, “Dictionary of the Coronation,” London, p. 52. 451. Sir Walter Scott, “Description of the Regalia of Scotland,” Edinburgh, 1869. 452. Communicated by Prof. H. Schumacher of Bonn and Johann Wagner & Sohn, Jewelers of the German Court. 453. W. Jones, “Crowns and Coronations,” London, 1883, p. 425. 454. Otto von Falke and Heinrich Frauberger, “Deutsche Schmelzarbeiten des Mittelalters,” Frankfort-on-the-Main, 1904, p. 2. 455. Otto von Falke and Heinrich Frauberger, “Deutsche Schmelzarbeiten des Mittelalters,” Frankfort-on-the-Main, 1904, pp. 6, 7. 456. Ibid., p. 9. 457. Ibid., p. 16. 458. Josef DankÓ, “Aus dem Graner Domschatz,” Gran, 1880, pp. 64–66. 459. Josef DankÓ, “Aus dem Graner Domschatz,” Gran, 1880, pp. 67–70. 460. Ibid., pp. 74, 75. 461. “Katalog der Schatzkammer von Maria Loretto am Hradschin zu Prag,” Prague, 1891, pp. 34, 40. 462. Maskell, “Russian Art” (South Kensington Museum Handbooks), London, 1884, pp. 119, 120. 463. Baedeker, “Russland,” Leipzig, 1888, p. 317. 464. One of the authors has in his possession twenty manuscript volumes of these inventories. They are careful copies from the originals, most of which are in the BibliothÈque Nationale in Paris. These copies were executed for M. E. Molinier, a conservator of the Louvre Museum, and were disposed of after his death in 1906. The values in the money of the times are usually given, and we have endeavored where possible to indicate the equivalent in United States currency, taking account of the progressive changes in the French monetary standard. 465. “Inventaire des Joyaux de Louis Duc d’Anjou,” In De Laborde’s “Emaux,” Paris, 1853, Vol. II. 466. BibliothÈque Nationale. MS. fr. 6542 (suppt. 4622) parchemin original, 13 pp. in folio. 467. De Laborde, “Emaux,” Paris, 1853, Vol. II, p. 437. 468. “Inventaire des Biens de Marguerite de Flandre,” BibliothÈque Nationale coll., Moreau, 1725 (Mouchet 5). 469. Bibl. Nat. MS. Latin. 9941 (suppt. 1656), folio, parchment, 40 leaves. 470. BibliothÈque Nationale MS. fr. 18766 (S. Germain fr. 910) 40 ff. Bound in green velvet. 471. Bibl. Natl. MS. franÇais, 4611, folio, pp. 433 in parchment. 472. “Inventaires des Ducs de Bourgogne,” De Laborde, “Emaux,” Vol. II, p. 438. 473. See De Laborde. “Emaux,” Paris, 1853, Vol. II, p. 437. 474. “Jahrbuch der kunsthistorischen Sammlungen des allerhÖchsten Kaiserhauses,” Vienna, 1895, Vol. XIV, Pt. II, p. 52. “Inventories of Philip II” (1598–1607). 475. Ibid., Vol. XIX, Pt. II, p. 170. 476. From eptli—shell, and yollott—heart, i.e., life. 477. “Heraldic. Curios.,” Pars III, c. 8, p. 12. 478. Debrett, “Dictionary of the Coronation,” p. 127. 479. “Illustrated London News,” April 13, 1878, p. 347. 480. Pliny, “Naturall Historie,” London, 1601, Lib. IX, c. 35. 481. BudÉ, “De Asse,” Paris, 1514. 482. Pliny, “Historia Naturalis,” Lib. IX, c. 35. 483. “Historia,” Lib. I, c. 4, ed. Niebuhr, Bonnae, 1833. 484. Panciroli, “Rerum Memorabilium, libri duo,” Frankfort. 1660, Pt. I, p. 44. We have been unable to find this statement in the Annals of Zonaras; it was possibly derived from some gloss or annotation. 485. Published by Lambeccius in “Bibliotheca CÆsarea,” Vol. II, p. 516. 486. See p. 254 for Garcilasso’s description. 487. Garcilasso, “Historie des Incas, Rois du PÉrou,” Amsterdam, 1704, Vol. II, p. 352. 488. Ibid., p. 351. 489. Miscel. Academ. Nat. Curios, Dec. 1, Ann. II, obs. 288. 490. “Hawkins’ Voyages,” Hakluyt Society, 1878, p. 315 note. 491. See Robertson, “Inventaires de la Royne d’Ecosse,” Bannatyne Club, 1863. 492. See Lang, “Portraits and Jewels of Mary Stuart,” Edinburgh, 1906. 493. Teulet, “Relations politiques de la France et de l’Espagne avec l’Ecosse,” Vol. II, p. 352. 494. Teulet, “Relations,” etc., p. 364. 495. Walpole, “Anecdotes of Painting in England,” London, 1849, Vol. I, p. 151. 496. An interesting account of this collection was given in a little book, now quite rare, published in London in 1793 by John Roberts, entitled “A View of the Waxen Figures in Henry VII’s Chapel.” 497. Bolton, “Curious Relics of English Funerals,” Boston, 1894, p. 233. 498. Lawson, “History of Banking,” London, 1750, pp. 24, 25. 499. Burgon, “The Life and Times of Sir Thomas Gresham,” London, 1839, Vol. I, p. 69. 500. See p. 451. 501. London, 1631, p. 1297. 502. Tavernier, “Travels in India,” London, 1889, Vol. II, p. 130. 503. Tavernier used the Florentine carat, which equaled 3.04 grains troy. 504. Tavernier, “Travels in India,” London, 1889, Vol. II, p. 110. 505. One rati equaled seven eighths of the Florentine carat, or 2.66 grains troy. 506. Tavernier, “Travels in India,” London, 1889, Vol. I, pp. 397–399. 507. Sir Henry Miers Elliot, “The Mohammedan Period as described by Its Own Historians,” Vol. V. of “The History of India,” ed. by A. V. W. Jackson, New York, 1907, p. 324. 508. See Fig. 2 of Tavernier’s diagram. 509. Tavernier, “Travels in India,” trans. by V. Ball, London, 1889, Vol. II, p. 384. 510. Benjamin, “Persia,” p. 73. 511. Brydges, “An Account of the Transactions of His Majesty’s Mission to the Court of Persia, in the Years 1807–1811,” London, 1834, p. 383. 512. Porter, “Travels in Georgia, Armenia, Ancient Babylon,” etc., London, 1821, Vol. I, p. 325. 513. Robert de Berquen, “Les Merveilles des Indes Orientales et Occidentales,” Paris, 1661, p. 78 b. 514. Bibl. Nat. MS. “MÉlanges de Colbert,” Tome 218, p. 14. 515. De Waldheim, “Essai sur la Pellegrina,” p. 48. 516. See p. 452. 517. Hertz, “Catalogue of the Collection of Pearls and Precious Stones Formed by Henry Philip Hope, Esq.,” London, 1839. 518. “Gems and Precious Stones of North America,” New York, 1892, Pl. VIII, p. 229. 519. Streeter, “Pearls and Pearling Life,” London, 1886, pp. 295, 296. 520. Taunton, “Australind,” London, 1900, p. 231. 521. Austrian Court Journal, 1899. 522. See p. 461. 523. The senior author was permitted to handle these treasures in 1899. 524. Winckler, “Die Reichskleinodien,” Berlin, 1872, p. 17. 525. Ibid., p. 9. 526. As this pearl was brought from the East later on, it may be the same as the Reine des Perles, stolen from the French crown jewels in 1791. It is evidently the same as the La Pellegrina of the Zozima brothers (1814) and later stolen from them, reappearing as the pearl described by Kohl, in 1840, first in the possession of a Russian merchant and then later in the Russian Treasury. 527. “American Anthropologist,” Lancaster, Pa., Vol. IX, No. 1, Jan.–March, 1907, pp. 57–86. 528. “True Travels,” Richmond edition, 1819, p. 144. 529. Strachey, “Historie of Travaile into Virginia Britannia,” Hakluyt Society, London, 1849, p. 65. 530. Smith, op. cit., p. 130. 531. Strachey, op. cit., p. 57. 532. Smith, op. cit., p. 83. 533. Strachey, op. cit., p. 67. “The ‘blue’ or ‘violet-colored’ pearls shown in White’s original drawings are probably stained pearls.” These were most probably the dark purple pearls of the round clam or quohog of the coast, although it is possible that they were only glass beads. 534. Smith, op. cit., Pt. II, p. 19. 535. Thomas Hariot, “A Brief and True Report of the New Found Land of Virginia,” Holbein edition, p. 11. 536. Willoughby, “American Anthropologist,” Lancaster, Pa., Vol. IX, No. 1, January, 1907, pp. 61, 62. 537. Beverley, “History of Virginia,” 1722, pp. 167, 186. 538. Strachey, op. cit., p. 89. 539. Smith, op. cit., p. 143. 540. Squier and Davis, Smithsonian “Contributions to Knowledge,” Vol. I, 1848, p. 283. 541. “Science,” April 6, 1906, Vol. XXIII, No. 588. 542. “History of Alabama,” Charlestown, 1851, Vol. I, p. 12. 543. “Moundville Revisited,” Reprint from the Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, 1907, Vol. XIII, pp. 398–403. 544. “Antiquities of the Southern Indians,” New York, 1873, p. 483; also, “Monumental Remains of Georgia,” Savannah, 1861, p. 14. 545. “Ancient Aboriginal Trade in North America,” Report of the Smithsonian Institution for 1872, p. 38 of the author’s reprint. 546. See “Artificial Shell Deposits in the United States,” in the Report of the Smithsonian Institution for 1866, p. 357. 547. “Antiquities of Southern Indians,” p. 490. 548. Transactions of the Philosophic Society for 1693. 549. See p. 494. 550. “Exploration of the Edwin Harness Mound,” Columbus, O., press of F. J. Heer, 1907, p. 76. 551. “Ancient Monuments of the Mississippi Valley,” Squier & Davis, Washington, 1848, p. 232. 552. “Explorations in Ohio,” from the Eighteenth Report of the Peabody Museum, Cambridge, 1886, p. 462. 553. Collection of Peabody Museum of ArchÆology, Cambridge, Mass. 554. Now in the Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Ill. 555. “American ArchÆologist,” May, 1897, to May, 1898. 556. “ArchÆologia Americana,” 1820, p. 182. 557. See p. 499. 558. See p. 498. 559. “La Salle and the Discovery of the Great West,” Parkman, p. 281. 560. William C. Mills, “Explorations of the Edwin Harness Mound, Columbus, O.”; press of Fred. J. Heer, 1907. “Ohio ArchÆological and Historical Quarterly,” Vol. XVI, No. 2. 561. Herrmann, “Mound-builders of the Mississippi Valley,” pp. 92, 93. 562. A large number of these works are in the library of George F. Kunz. TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES
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