  Abarbanel, intercedes with Queen Isabella on behalf of Jews, 196; enters the service of Ferdinand I, King of Naples, 212. Abbu Rabbi, President of Medical School of Narbonne, 108. Abdallah Ibn Xamri, the Moorish poet, 44, 47; eulogizes the Jews, 99. Abder Rahman III, patron of art and learning, 6; assists in the erection of the great Mosque, 40. Aben Esra, the poet, 129. Abou Othman, author of treatise on Geology, 120; accounts for the origin of mountains, 120. Acids, discovery of by the Jews and Moors, 120. Agriculture, zealously fostered by Jews and Moors, 162; amount of its revenue, 162; its neglect after expulsion of Jews and Moors, 163. Albertus Magnus, is served by a brazen android, 23. Albigenses, the first to suffer by the Inquisition, 175. Alchofni, Jehuda ben Solomon ben, the poet, 131; extracts from his writings, 132. Alcohol, introduced by the Jews and Moors; 120. Alexandria, great center of learning, 105, 149; condition of Jews in, 152; its learning extinguished by the Church, 153. Alfonso X, (El Sabro) his astronomical tables, 119; his boast, 119. Algebra, dispute as to whom belongs the honor of its invention, 116; first applied to geometry, 116. Alhakem II Caliph, splendor of his court, his great library, 125; an enthusiastic student and annotator, 30. Alhambra, pride of the Moors, 172; its capture by Ferdinand and Isabella, 173. Ali, son in law of Mohammed, fourth Caliph, 112; his maxim in favor of Science, 112. Alkhazi, his views on evolution, 121, (note). Almamum, Caliph, his maxim in favor of learning, 124. America, its discovery hastened by the teachings of Averroes, 166. Ammon St., his asceticism, 16. Andalusia, beauty of, 5, 35, 59, conquest of by Arab-Moors, 55. Anthony St., cures inflammations, 107. Antipodes, existence of, denied by the church, 119. Antonio Joseph de Silva, burned by the Inquisition, 182-188. Apothecary, first introduced in Europe by Moors, 111. Aquinas Thomas St., disturbed by the brazen android of Albertus Magnus, 23; resists Averroism, 157. Arabs, history of, 48; their skill in the use of martial weapons, 49; their mental endowments, 49; their skill in training horses, 49; their hospitality, 49; their change of religion, 49; their religious creed tinctured with Judaism, 50; influenced by Magian and Sabean creeds, 50; how affected by teachings of Mohammed, 50; their western movements, 53; their coalescing with the Moors, 54. Arab-Moors, their march of conquest, 54; their services to Europe, 105; their contributions to medical science, 110; to the other sciences, 112, 122; to literature, 123-128; to philosophy, 154-158; to the industries, 162-167; their great culture causes their political decline, 171; their last defeat and last surrender, 172; their deplorable deterioration, 236. Arabian Nights; stories of their origin, 127. Archimedes, studies mathematics in Alexandria, 150. Ariosto, his debt to Moorish literature, 128. Aristotelian Philosophy, influenced by Alexandrian learning, 151; engrafted upon the theology of Jews, 153; propagated by the Jews, 154; Moors adopt it, 154-155. Arithmetic, science of, first generally introduced into Europe by Moors, 114. Arles, seat of Medical College, 108. Asceticism, its prevalence, 16. Astronomy, zealously cultivated by Jews and Moors, 118. Atmosphere, height of determined by Jews and Moors, 118. Atomistic philosophy, 151. Avenzoar, (Ibn Zohr), physician to the court of Seville, 110; his famous medical work, 110; becomes the medical authority for European University, 110. Avicenna (Ibn Sina), his medical work, 110. B. Bacon Roger, influenced by Averroism, 158. Bajazet, Sultan of Turkey, welcomes exiled Spanish Jews, 212. Banks, first established by Jews, 166, (note.) Bechai ben Joseph, author of a celebrated work on Ethics, 137. Belisarius, opposed by Jews of Naples, 88. Bills of Exchange, first introduced by Jews, 165, 170. (Note.) Boabdil el Chico, besieged by Ferdinand and Isabella, 172; his surrender, 172; begs for clemency, 173. Boccaccio, borrows from the literature of Moors, 128. Bookkeeping, introduced by Jews, 166. (Note.) Bridge of Al Sirat, Mohammedan superstition concerning it, 43. Bulan, King of Khozars, adopts religion of Jews, 79. C. Caaba, great mosque at Mecca, rivalled by the Mezquita of Cordova, 38. Caliphs, patrons of learning, 125. Cape of Good Hope, discovered by Jews, 166. Carpet, weaving of, a specialty of the Moors, 164. Cassiodorus, his opinion of the Jews, 88. Castile, refuses admission to inquisition, 179. Ceuta, stronghold of Spain near the straits of Gibraltar, 54; valiantly defended by Count Julian, 54. Chagan Joseph, king of Khozars, corresponds with Chasdai ben Isaac, 80. Chanoch Moses ben, description of, 64; starts for Europe to collect money for academy at Sura, 65; taken captive, 65; tragic death of his wife, 66; sold as slave to Cordova, 66; is appointed Dayan of all European Jews, 62-67. Charisi, the Jewish poet, 131; extracts from his poetry, 132. Chasdai ben Isaac Ibn Shaprut, his importance at the court of the Caliph, 44; description of, 66; his home life, 75; his correspondence with Chagan Joseph, king of the Khozars, 80. Chaucer, borrows from literature of Moors, 128. Chemistry, originated by Jews and Moors, 120. Church Catholic, its ignorance during the Dark Ages, 18-20; 107, 119, 153, 157; its greed, 22, 24, 27, 107; its cruelty, 26, 122, 171, et sequ; its superstition, 24-26; its corruption, 28. Chushiel Rabbi, taken captive with Moses ben Chanoch, 65; establishes a school at Kairuan, 67. Civilization of Europe, exclusive of Spain, during Dark Ages, 12, 33. Clara St., cures sore eyes, 107. Clement VII, Pope, friendly to Jews, 218. Clock, invented by Jews and Moors, 118. Colleges, abundance of in the Moorish realm, 125. Columbus, is led to discovery of America by Averroism, 156. Conon, teaches mathematics in Alexandria, 150. Copernicus, alludes to astronomical discoveries of Profiat, 118; his discovery anticipated by Jews, 119. Copper, its chemical affinity determined, 120. Cotton, fabrics extensively manufactured in the Moorish commonwealth, 164. Council decrees, Fourth of Carthage, prohibits bishops from reading secular books, 18; third council of Toledo, 589, A. C.; begins the martyrology of the Jews, 93; fourth council of Toledo (633 A. C.) enacts decree that children of Jewish converts be taken from their parents, 95; sixth, ninth and twelfth councils of Toledo enact still more cruel laws against Jews 95, 96; prohibit Jewish physicians to attend Christian patients, 107. Cordova, description of during 10th cent., 5-11, 34, 46, 47. Crucifix, sheds tears of blood, 23. Ctesibius, invents steam-engine, 150. Cubic Equations, first taught by Ibn Ibrahim, 116. Cyril St., his fanaticism and murder of Hypatia, 153. D. Decline of Moors, 17. Demons, teachings of Church concerning them, 23; tempt the virtue of ecclesiastics, 24. Diaspore, account of, 83. Diophantus, credited with the invention of Algebra, 116. Dispersion of Jews, 206. Distillation, apparatus for invented by Jews and Moors, 120. Dominic St., founder of Dominican Order, and of Inquisition, 175. Drugs, first introduced in Europe by Jews and Moor, 109, 110. E. Earth, its form and dimension and revolution determined by Jews and Moors, 118. Ecliptic, obliquity of earth's, proven by Ibn Junis, 118. Edict of expulsion, 193. Eleatics, their philosophy, 151. England, during Dark Ages, 14; its literature influenced by that of the Moors, 128. Eratosthenes, makes astronomy a science, 150. Esra, Moses ben, selections from his poetic writings, 130, 136. Euclid, the mathematician, 150. Euphraxia St., shudders at the mention of a bath, 16. Evolution, doctrine of, anticipated by Al Khazim, 121. (Note.) Expulsion, edict of, 193. Ezra Ibn, polyhistor of his age, 109; distinguished as physician, commentator and author, 109. F. Fatalism, Moorish belief in, 42. Ferdinand, King of Aragon, marries Isabella, queen of Castile, 172; his march against. Ferdinand I, King of Naples welcomes exiled Spanish Jews, 212. Filigree work, cultivated by Jews and Moors, 164. Filtration, apparatus for, invented by Jews and Moors, 120. Florinda, daughter of Count Julian, maid of honor at the court of Roderick, 54; her ruin, 54; her father's revenge, 54. France, during Dark Ages, 14; influenced by culture of Jews and Moors, 108. Franciscan, monks favor Averroism, 157. Fusion, apparatus for, invented by Jews and Moors, 120. G. Gabirol, Solomon ben Jehudah, selections from his poetry, 134, 135, 137-140. Genoa, description of exiled Jews landing Granada, 172; approves of the inquisition, 179; at, 211. Geology, work on, by Avicenna, 120. Geometry, advance made in it by Moors, 116. Germany, during Dark Ages, 14. Gibraltar, origin of its name, 55. Glass, manufactured by Jews and Moors during Dark Ages, 165. Gold, its chemical affinity determined by Jews and Moors, 120. Granada, its commercial importance, 167; last province of Moors, 172; its surrender, 172. Graveyards, Jews resort to graveyards for consolation, 197. Guadelete, decisive battle of, 55. Gunpowder, introduced in Europe by Jews H. Ha-levi, Jehudah, selections from his poetry, 130, 132, 136, 143. Hegira, its date, 38. Hell, conception of as taught by Christianity during Dark Ages, 24; as taught by Mohammedanism, 43. Heraclius, conspires with Sisebut for extirpating the Jews, 94. Hero, invents steam-engine, 150. Hindoos, credited with invention of Algebra, 116. Holland, welcomes exiled Spanish and Portuguese Jews, 215. Holy Ghost, finger of, preserved in Alsatian Monastery, 23. Hypatia, murder of, 154. I. Ibn Roshd (Averroes.) The greatest philosopher of the Arab-Moors, 156. Ibn Sina, (see Avicenna.) Ibn Sohr (see Avenzoar.) Ignorance, in Europe during Dark Ages, 29. Indies, settled by exiled Portuguese Jews, 218. Industries, lack of in Europe during Dark Ages, 30; flourishing in Spain, 160; lead to the discovery of America, 166. Infants, their burning in hell described, 25. Innocent III, pope, aids in the establishment of the Inquisition, 175. Insurance, fire and marine introduced by Jews, 166. (Note.) Opposed by the church, 166. (Note.) Inquisition described by Samuel Usque, 174; its introduction, 175; its cruelties, 175-182. Iron, chemical affinity determined by Jews and Moors, 120. Irrigation, treaties on, 163. Isaac ben Sid, prepares Alphonsine tables, 119. Isabella, queen of Castile marries Ferdinand, King of Aragon, 172; opposed to Inquisition, 179; her opposition overcome by her husband and Torquemada, 179; desires to revoke expulsion edict, 196; a scene with Torquemada, 196. Israeli Isaac ben Suleiman, author of medical work on fever, 110. Italy, welcomes exiled Portuguese Jews, 218. J. James, the apostle, his arm preserved in an Alsatian Monastery, 23. Jerome St., opposes bishops studying secular subjects, 18. Jews, their dispersion, 85, 87; their early suffering, 83, 85, 89; their entrance into Spain, 91; their earliest sufferings in Spain, 92, 95; favorably treated by Arab-Moor, 98, 100; aid Arab-Moors in their conquest of Spain, 54, 98; devoted to industry in Europe during Dark Ages, 31; make Spain garden spot of Europe, 91; their learning, 108; their contribution to medical science, 110; in the pure sciences, 113; their treatment in Alexandria, 152; devoted to Aristotelian philosophy, 154; their importance in commerce, 165-170 (Note.) their prosecutions, 173-177; feign allegiance to Christianity, 177; their expulsion from Spain, 189-205; their sufferings, 207-214; rest and peace at last, 219; their eternity, 237. John the Baptist, his skeleton preserved in an Alsatian Monastery, 23. John II, king of Portugal, grants an eight month's sojourn in Portugal to exiled Spanish Jews, 213; his cruelty to the Jews, 214, 215. Joseph Chagan, king of Khozars, his proposition to Chasdai ben Isaac, 80. Julian, count, his valiant defence of Ceuta, 54; his revolt, 54; insult to his daughter, 54; swears revenge, 54; conspires with Arab-Moors, 54, 55. Junis Ibn, proves obliquity of Earth's ecliptic, 118. K. Kaddish, meaning of, 72. Kepler, alludes to discovery of Levi ben Gerson, 118. Khozars, Jewish kingdom of, described, 79. Koran, its place in Mohammedan worship, 39, 40; selections from it, 40, 41, 42, written by angel Gabriel, 42. Korrah, Ibn, applies Algebra to Geometry, 116. L. Labrat Dunash ben, poet and grammarian, 44. Laplace, refers to Ibn Musa's astronomical theories, 118. Las Navas, battle of, decides fate of Moors, 172. Lead, its chemical affinity determined by Jews and Moors, 120. Leather, extensively manufactured by Jews and Moors, 165. Levi ben Gershon, honorably mentioned by Kepler, 118. Libraries, great abundance of, in Moorish caliphate, 125. Light, theory of refraction and its curvilinear paths determined by Jews and Moors, 118. Linen, extensively manufactured by Jews and Moors, 164. Llorento, on the Inquisition, 182. Loretto, house of, Virgin deposited there by angels, 23. Louis de Parre, a Jew, of the crew of Columbus (the first European) who steps upon the American soil, 192. (Note.) Luxury, its indulgence hastens Moorish decline, 171. M. Maimonides, his position in Jewish literature, 109, 156; coveted as body physicians by great potentates, 109; accepts position with Sultan Saladin, 109; summoned to the sick bed of Richard Coeur de Lion, king of England, for consultation, 109; his contribution to medical science, 156. Magnet, introduced by Jews and Moors, 165. Manoel, king of Portugal, favorably disposed towards Jews, 215; marriage proposed between him and daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella, 216; expulsion of Jews from Portugal required in his marriage contract, 216; he consents, 217; surpasses Torquemada in cruelty, 217-218. Manufacture, extensively carried on by Jews and Moors, 164. Manuscripts, destroyed by Church, 19. Mariners, compass introduced by Jews and Moors, 165. Mary St., of Egypt, her asceticism, 16. Menachem ben Saruk, compiles first Hebrew Lexicon, 44. Menasseh ben Israel, pleads with Oliver Cromwell for settlement of Jews in England, 218. Medinah al Zohar, the caliph's palace, 46. Medicine, cultivated by Jews and Moors, 102; reasons why Jews excelled in medical sciences, 106. Medicis, imitate example of Caliphs, 125. Mezquita of Cordova, description of, 38. Miracles, wrought by clergy, 23. Mohammed, miracles accompany his birth, 50; his conquests, 51. Mohammedanism, its creed, 42; inspiration claimed for it, 42. Montpellier, seat of the most famous medical school of Middle Ages, 108. Monts de piete, houses of loaning on pledges established by Bernardin de Feltre in opposition to Jewish banking houses, note, 169; abandoned as a failure, note, 170. Moors, (see Arab-Moors.) "More Nebuchim" greatness of, 156. Moses ben Chanoch, (see Chanoch). Mosque, (see Mezquita). Mountains, their origin geologically accounted for, 120. Musa Ibn Nosseyr, invades Spain, 54; dispatches Tarik for conquest of Andalusia, 55. Museum of Alexandria, 153. Muezzin's, call for prayer, 37. Musa Ibn, mathematician, credited with invention of Algebra, 116; his astronomical researches accepted by La Place, 118; determines the diminution and eccentricity of earth's orbit, 118. N. Naples, accepts exiled Jews, 212. Narbonne, school established in, by Nathan ben Isaac Kohen, 65; becomes the seat of a famous medical school. Nathan, Rabbi, Dayan of Jews of Cordova, 66; resigns in favor of Moses ben Chanoch, 67. Navigation, extensively carried on by Jews and Moors, 166. New Platonism, its mysticism no permanent influence upon Jews, 153. New Christians, name of Jews who feigned allegiance to Christianity, 177, 178; charges against them, 180. Nitric Acid, discovered by Jews and Moors, 120. O. Observatory, first observatory in Europe built at Seville, 119. Opus Majus, of Roger Bacon permeated by Averroism, 158. Orient, conducive to religious speculation, but not to philosophy, 150. P. Padua, university of admits Averroism in its curriculum of studies, 158. Paper invented and manufactured by Jews and Moors, 165. Paradise, Mohammedan conception of, 42. Paul III, pope, favorable to Jews, 218. Pendulum clock, invented by Jews and Moors, 118. Pernel St., cures ague, 107. Pharmacy, first introduced in Europe by Moors, 110. Philosophy, cultivated by Jews and Moors, 148, 155; not a favored study with Orientals, 150. Physicians, Jewish physicians excel, 110; opposed by church, 107-108; Jewish physicians preferred by popes and kings, 107-108. Plague, breaks out in Portugal and Jews held responsible, 213. Platonic philosophy exercises no lasting influence upon Jews, 151. Poetry, reasons for its flourishing among Jews and Moors, 127; its influence upon European literature, 127-128; its sacred character among Jews, 129-137. Portugal, exiled Spanish Jews permitted an eight month's sojourn, 213; its cruelty against Jews, 215-218. Profatius Duran, president of medical school of Montpellier, 118; honorably mentioned by Copernicus, 118. Ptolemy, author of the Syntaxes, 150. Pythagorian philosophy, 151. Q. Quadratic equations, first taught by Ibn Musa, 116. Quick silver, its chemical affinity determined, 120; successfully mined, 164. R. Rashi (Rabbi Solomon ben Isaac), distinguished surgeon and commentator, 108. Relics, traffic in, by Church, 22; applied to cure disease, 107. Renaissance, stimulated by Averroism, 158. Rome, entrance of Jews into, 87. Roshd Ibn, (see Averroes). Rumachis Ibn, captures the four Rabbis, 65. S. Sahal Abraham Ibn, his poetry prohibited. 131. Sahamaria ben Elchanan, one of the four captured Rabbis, 65; establishes a school in Kahira, 67. Science, introduced in Europe by Arab-Moors, 112. Serapion of Alexandria, gathering place for the learned, 149. Sid Isaac ben, prepares Alphonsin tables, 119. Silk, extensively manufactured by Jews and Moors, 164. Silver, its chemical affinity determined, 120. Silvia, her asceticism, 16. Sinai Ibn, (see Avicenna). Sixtus, fifth, favors the Jews, 170. (Note.) Social life, in Europe during Dark Ages, 14. Socratic Philosophy, contrasted with that of Aristotle, 151. Song, challenge, described, 35. Spain, during Dark Ages, 5, 11, 34, 90; invasion of by Moors, 46-57, enacts cruel laws against Jews, 92-96; inquisition established in, 171; Jews expelled from it; 189; suffers because of expulsion of Jews and Moors, 225. Specific Gravity, tables constructed, 120. Spinoza influenced by Averroism, 158. Steam engine, invented by Hero and Ctesbius, 150. Story-telling, cultivated by Moors, 127, influence upon European literature, 128. Sublimation, apparatus for, invented by Jews and Moors, 120. Sulphuric acid, discovered by Jews and Moors, 120. Sun, its spots noted by Averroes, 118. Superstition, in Europe during Dark Ages, 23. Swords, Jews and Moors skilled in their manufacture, 165. Sylvester II, pope, studies philosophy at Seville, 155. Synagogue, of Cordova described, 58. Syntaxes, written by Ptolemy in Alexandria. 150. T. Tarik, invades Spain, 55. Tibbon Ibn, insists upon study of Botany for medical purposes, 109. Time, computed by Jews and Moors, 118. Tin, its chemical affinity determined, 120. Torquemada, the inquisitor, 79; his cruelties, 79; resolves to expel Jews from Spain, 191; conquers the scruples of Isabella, 196. Trigonometry, improved by Moors, 116. U. Usque, Samuel, describes the Inquisition 74; suffers death by it, 174. United States, prosperity of Jews in, 219. W. Witches, burning of described, 27. Women, burnt as witches, 27; not permitted by Jews and Moors to worship with the men, 38, 86. |
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