  The rapid extension of the railway across the American Continent, and the construction of lateral lines, have greatly diminished the volume of travel with wagons, and other primitive modes, but have by no means made an end of them. There is yet a large area without settlements, and unprovided with the iron road, and for many years to come the wagon of the emigrant and explorer will wend its way through the wilderness. For those who contemplate pushing beyond the borders of civilization, the writer presents this chapter. The means of transportation available in frontier or wilderness regions are wagons and pack-animals; the former are adapted to most open and prairie countries, but in mountain regions it often happens that the wagon cannot be used. The pack-animals in general use are horses and mules; the latter are the surest of foot, especially the Mexican variety, which is smaller than the American mule, and can live where the latter would starve. Where snow is to be encountered horses are to be preferred, as the horse will plod on through the drifts long after the mule has given up in despair. The writer of "How to Travel" has an unhappy recollection of crossing the divide between the Arkansas and Platte rivers in the winter of 1860, when paths had to be trodden in the snow for the mules before they would consent to go ahead. Our horses kept on through snow that was nearly thirty inches deep, but even when they had made a very good path it was difficult to urge the mules forward. The best pack-saddles for either horses or mules are of the "Grimsley" pattern; they are open at the top, and covered with rawhide that shrinks while drying, and is thus drawn straight. The Grimsley fits well on the animal's back, and saves it from soreness longer than any other form of saddle in use. The Indians have pack-saddles in the form of "saw-horses," and the Mexicans use a leather sack like a mattress, which is stuffed with hay, and has no projections for fastening the load in place. In putting it on a mule they draw the belt so tight that it seems to threaten to cut the poor brute in two, and certainly must give him great pain. All the forms of pack-saddles, as well as the best riding-saddles for frontier use, have broad girths of braided horse-hair, that are far less likely to slip than any girth of leather. The proper adjustment of a load on a pack-saddle is a work of art that can only be accomplished after long experience. In the first place, the load must be accurately balanced, so that it will not have a tendency to turn over, and, secondly, it must be lashed to prevent its working 'loose, and scattering' itself along the trail. It is not agreeable to find soon after leaving camp that your lashings have loosened, and the load, which was your pride at starting, is being distributed by the wayside. To add to the perplexity, the mule invariably helps the business along by executing a waltz, and kicking at imaginary dogs above the tree-tops. Men have been known to use profane language on such occasions, but a mule never does. At night the packs should be placed in a row and covered with the saddles and saddle-blankets, to protect them from possible dew or rain, and have them convenient for loading up in the morning. Great care should be exercised to prevent the backs of the animals from getting sore; the best preventive is a well-fitting saddle, but in any case the backs of the beasts should be closely watched. If a horse or mule is found to be sweating when unsaddled, it is well to allow the saddle-blanket to remain until the skin is dry. Grease can be applied to a spot that shows a tendency to soreness, and a piece of bacon-rind may be tied on and left over night. It is not a good plan to wash an animal's back immediately after unsaddling, and while he is hot and sweating; the back should be allowed to cool completely before water is applied. A very important member of a pack-train, especially when it is composed of mules, is the madrina, or bell-mare. She must be chosen for her dignity and docility, and be ornamented with a bell like the ordinary cow-bell of the eastern States. Its tinkle is a great attraction to the mules, and wherever she goes they are sure to follow. When the train is on the march she should be kept in front, and when rivers are to be crossed she must be sent over first. The affection shown by mules for the bell-mare is often very touching; they will crowd around her and struggle for the privilege of rubbing their noses against her sides, and, if she is accompanied by a colt, they show as much fondness for it as girls do for a baby. Many are the stories told by old plainsmen about the bell-mare, and the devotion of the rest of the animals to her; she saves a vast deal of trouble, both in camp and on the march, as she keeps the herd together when all other means would fail. For wagon travel on long and rough roads, where grain cannot be obtained, oxen are preferable to mules or horses, as they have more endurance, though they move more slowly. They keep in good condition where horses and mules would give out, and in cases of emergency, where the animals must be slaughtered for food, they make orthodox and more attractive beef. Fifteen to twenty miles is a good day's journey for an ox-team, while horses and mules can make from twenty to thirty, if the roads are fairly good. Oxen are less liable to be stampeded by Indians, and are easier to keep from straying; with a few days' training they can be made to work under the pack-saddle if necessary, and in South Africa pack-oxen are in general use. Anderson, who traveled in South Africa, said he had an ox named 'Spring' that he rode for two thousand miles, and found him an excellent beast under the saddle. It is well for a long journey to have some cows along, as they find their own food, and give milk, and, in emergencies, they may be worked in the teams like oxen. Wagons should be as light as possible, consistent with strength, and the wood should be perfectly seasoned, in order to resist the effects of the changes of the atmosphere. The wagon-body should be water-tight, so that it will preserve its contents when fording streams, and it can also be used as a boat where a river is too deep to be forded. There should be a joint in the pole where it enters the hounds, and the coupling pole should be movable; the joint will often prevent the breaking of the hounds, and the movable perch enables a part of the wagon to be converted into a cart, when a broken wheel or axle prevents the further use of the entire vehicle. Every wagon should have strong bows and a double cover of thick osnaburg to protect the contents from the rain and dew. The bolts that connect the running-gear should be riveted at the ends to prevent the nuts from falling off, as the loss of a nut in the wilderness often leads to the loss of the entire wagon. The load of the wagon should be closely and securely packed, and everything arranged to prevent chafing in the many jolts of the road. Provisions for the journey should be in the most compact form, and not a superfluous ounce of stuff should be taken along. Bacon and flour are best carried in strong sacks, and all boxes and barrels must be rejected, except one or two light flour barrels for getting water. Sugar and salt must be in canvas bags with an outer covering of India-rubber or oil-cloth, to prevent the moisture reaching the contents, and tea and coffee require air-tight cans for their preservation. Desiccated and canned vegetables are excellent; the former deserve the preference on account of their more condensed form. Citric acid and the essence of lemons should be taken on long journeys where fresh vegetables cannot be obtained, as they are an efficient anti-scorbutic, and it is well to have a few simple medicines in a small box that ought to be kept in a corner of one of the wagons, where it can be easily reached. The personal outfit of a campaigner in the wilderness is not very elaborate. White shirts should be discarded, and blue or red flannel worn instead. The coat should be short and of some strong woolen material, and the overcoat heavy without being stiff. The trowsers should be thick and soft, and if the wearer intends to do any saddle-riding he should have his nether garments "half-soled," or reËnforced with buckskin where they touch the saddle, and thus preserve them from wear. An outfit for a campaign of a hundred days might be about as follows:— Overcoat, coat, and soft hat, one each, two flannel over-shirts, two woolen undershirts, two pairs thick cotton drawers, four pairs woolen socks, two pairs cotton socks, three pairs shoes, one pair strong and high boots, one India-rubber poncho, and six colored silk handkerchiefs. Then add castile soap for toilet purposes, and three pounds bar soap for clothes, comb and brush, and tooth-brushes, and a quantity of needles, thread, pins, buttons, beeswax, etc., in a small bag of buckskin. By the way, don't forget a good quantity of buckskin and an awl; they come handy in many ways for repairing harness, clothing, saddles, shoes, and the like, and you will greatly miss them if you forget them till too late. For bed and bedding you want two blankets, a quilt, and a pillow, the whole wrapped in a cover of India-rubber or painted canvas, which can be spread on the ground at night to keep out the moisture. For dining-room and kitchen you want for every six persons a camp-kettle, a coffee-pot, a mess, a frying, and a bake-pan, all of wrought-iron. Have an extra camp-kettle for accidents, and a bucket of galvanized-iron for bringing water; don't trust to wood, as it is liable to many accidents from which iron is secure. Your judgment will tell you about knives, forks, and spoons; cups and plates should be of strong tin, and the handles of the former riveted on, never soldered. Pepper and matches should be in glass bottles, with close corks, and kept in the safest place. Every horse and mule should have at least two lariats, or picket-ropes, and every wagon needs an axe, and a spade, and some S's, and extra chain-links for repairs. So much for the outfit, to which you will add the firearms that suit your fancy and the requirements of the region you are about to visit. Those that use fixed ammunition are undoubtedly to be preferred, if you can be sure of a sufficient supply of cartridges at all times, but where this is not the case, it is best to adhere to the old-fashioned Colt's revolver, loading with loose powder and ball. A Remington, Winchester, or other cartridge rifle may be carried for rapid work in fighting Indians, or killing large game, and a Colt's revolver, with loose ammunition, will be a convenient thing for every day use and ornament. Now we are off, and must look out for ourselves. Provisions for our sustenance are in the wagons, and we must think of food and water for our riding and team animals. Make short and easy drives for the first few days, till the teams get accustomed to their work, and then we will increase the distance; we will not make more than half a dozen miles the first day, and even if we only go a mile or two, and camp just outside the town, we shall have gained so much. We will make our marches in the early part of the day, have a long rest at noon, especially if we are using oxen, and then go on again till sunset. We must always camp near grass and water, and it is better to make a very long drive than not to do so; if possible, we should have grass and water at the noon halt, but, in case of necessity, we can do without water, and then lengthen the afternoon march so as to reach it. An old traveler will find water where the novice declares it does not exist; none of the rules are absolutely infallible, and the shrewdest will sometimes be disappointed. Observe the fresh tracks of animals, and the flight of birds, and they will frequently lead to water, especially the tracks of deer and mustangs. Examine the dry beds of streams, and if they are sandy push a long stick or cane as far into the sand as it will go; if you find it moist when you withdraw it, you can be certain of water. Then dig a hole with your spade, and use an empty flour-barrel for a curb, and if the hole is deep you can place one barrel above another. In a little while the water will enter the barrel, and you may draw from this improvised well all you need for your party and your stock. In countries where streams and springs are scarce, water may be caught during showers by means of tents, awnings, wagon-covers, and even by rubber overcoats. Drinking-water may be obtained where there are heavy dews by dragging a blanket over the grass, and then wringing it out; it is hardly necessary to add that the blanket should be a clean one. Water from stagnant pools may be purified by thorough boiling, and then mixing with powdered charcoal; in a muddy pond, it may be partially cleansed by boring small holes in the lower half of a barrel, filling it two-thirds full with layers of moss or grass, with alternate layers of clean sand, if the latter can be had. Then place the barrel in the pond till the top is nearly level with the surface; as the water enters the barrel it will pass through the improvised filter; and be found far purer than in its original state. Always form your camp by the side of a river or stream of some kind, if it is possible to do so, as you thereby make sure of plenty of water for your stock; if in a hostile country, where attacks from Indians are possible, have an eye to the defences of the position. A peninsula in a river is the best place, as the water forms a natural fortification, and you have only the neck of the peninsula to look after; if you cannot find such a spot, take the place that most nearly resembles it, and if you cannot do better, have the river or stream on one side of you. If you camp away from water, select a spot so as to have the crest of a hill on one side of you, where a lookout can be stationed. It is the custom for large parties traveling on the western plains of the United States to arrange their wagons in a circle, or an oval, with an opening at each end, at every halt. A yard is thus formed, into which the stock may be driven to be harnessed or yoked. It may be enclosed at night, or when hostile attacks are made, and, finally, the yard, or corral, is an excellent redoubt from which to make a defense against Indians. Many a train has been captured by neglecting this precaution, and many another saved by observing it. No good captain of a train will ever allow it to go into camp even for an hour without forming the wagons into a corral. When the stock is driven in, the openings at the ends of the corral may be closed by the simple operation of stretching a chain across. Where there is a scarcity of water, you will find you can get along without it for many purposes for which at home it is considered absolutely necessary. All your cooking and dining utensils can be cleansed thoroughly without it; knives and forks by thrusting them several times into the ground till every vestige of their recent use is removed, and plates and pans by means of wisps of grass and dry earth, joined to what is known in the Eastern States as "elbow-grease." Great care should be exercised in regions where water contains alkaline matter, as it induces diseases that require a long time for curing. Fuel is the great need of a traveler next to water. In a wooded country he has no trouble in finding it, but he should never waste it, no matter how plentiful. Never build a fire in a hollow log, or one that is partially decayed, but clear a space of ground, and roll or carry your fuel to it. When you move on in the morning put out the fire, or encircle it, so that it cannot by any possibility spread and cause damage. The danger of a hollow log is that the fire may smolder there for days, or even weeks, and then break out; if the season is dry, and the forests extensive, many acres and miles of country may be burned over, and perhaps human lives may fall victims to your carelessness. In the open and treeless country the wilderness-traveler is often hard pressed for the material for a fire. The most commonly used article is the dry dung of buffaloes, known to the Canadian voyageurs as bois de vache. It makes a hot fire, with very little smoke, and as the animals haunt the valleys of the streams in search of the best grass, they leave this material in the region of the camping grounds where it is most needed. It is excellent for tinder, and with a burning-glass and a piece of buffalo-chip you can get a fire in a few moments, provided the sun is shining. In many parts of the world the dried excrement of grass-feeding animals forms the only fuel of the inhabitants or of travelers. If you sleep near a fire at night, and the weather is so cold as to render the heat desirable, always lie with your feet towards it; as long as the feet are kept warm the rest of the body is likely to be so, and with cold feet no one can be comfortable. Unless the surrounding circumstances compel you to sleep with your boots or shoes on be sure to remove them before you go to bed, as their absence makes your sleep far more refreshing than it is with them. When you arrive at a stream, on whose banks you intend to camp, but which you must cross before proceeding on your journey, make the crossing before you halt for the night. Streams rise suddenly, and it often happens that what was a tiny rivulet at sunset is a roaring torrent on the following morning, and it may be a day, or several days, before it subsides. The rule here given is followed by all experienced travelers on the plains of the great west. When you break camp in the morning one of the party should remain behind, after the wagons have moved away, and carefully examine the ground to see that nothing has been forgotten. The members of the party may take turns in this duty, or it may be assigned to one person who should be held responsible for whatever may be lost by forgetfulness. It will often happen that some article of camp equipage has been left behind, and its absence is unknown until camp is formed, at the end of the day's march. A thought B had put it in the wagon, and B was certain that A had attended to it, or at least he should have done so. Many a quarrel has been saved by this simple precaution, and also many a deprivation, as the loss of a camp-kettle or frying-pan, when it cannot be replaced, is a very serious matter. Since the writer gave up the wilderness for civilized travel it has always been his custom, after his trunks have been packed and locked at a hotel, to renew his practice of olden times and go through his room with the utmost care, examining every drawer of bureau or washstand, and looking into every closet. Candor compels him to say that once in a while he finds articles of greater or less value that but for this rule he would have left behind. One of the perplexities of travel in wild countries is the passage of rivers. Shallow streams can be forded, and if the current is not strong a depth of five feet may be passed without serious difficulty. Many streams are full of quicksand, and in such case the rule is to keep your team in constant motion after it enters the water. As long as a man keeps moving on quicksand there is no danger, but whenever he stops his feet begin to sink, and if he remains stationary he will speedily find himself beyond his depth. The same conditions are true of saddle or draught animals, and of the wheels of wagons. Where there are quicksands horses should be led across, and to insure their going steadily forward they should be allowed to drink all they wish before entering the stream. Horses and oxen are more certain to go ahead without halting than mules; the latter are apt to lie down and refuse to move, exactly as they do in deep snow. In a difficult ford the teams had better be doubled. The driver should stand on the front of the wagon with a reliable whip in his hand, and be assisted by one or more mounted men on each side of the team. It is well also to have a mounted man ride ahead with a long lariat on picket rope attached to the forward leaders of the team, so as to direct their course. In a swift current the ford should be made obliquely downwards if possible, so that the current can assist the progress of the wagons. In crossing a stream too deep for fording, boats or rafts may be improvised from wagon beds, or they may be built on the spot. If the current is swift a ferry must be made, and for this purpose (after the spot for crossing has been selected) an expert swimmer goes over with a fish-line or other slender cord in his mouth. By means of this cord a strong lariat can be drawn over; it should be twice as long as the width of the river, and fastened on each shore to a tree, or a wagon tongue set in the ground if there are no trees. To make a ferry-boat from a wagon-bed put it in the center of a wagon-cover or other strong canvas, and then bring the edges up over the sides to the top; the leakage will then be so slight that a man with a cup can easily keep it free from water. The contents of the wagons can be passed in this boat by means of the ferry rope, the animals can swim over, and the empty wagons may be passed by fastening them down to the axles, and attaching ropes to the tongue and also to the rear. They are then drawn over by the men on the farther bank, and kept from drifting by means of the rear rope. If you are about to swim a stream with a horse it is not a good plan to remain in the saddle, as your weight presses heavily on the animal and restricts his movements. It is better to dismount, tie a cord eight or ten feet long to his bridle, drive him into the stream, and then grasp his tail and be towed over. If he tries to turn back you can direct him with the cord or by splashing water towards his head. If you do remain in the saddle give him a free rein, and do not pull in the least, except when it is necessary to guide him. Horses and oxen are better swimmers than mules; the latter are easily frightened and may suddenly turn down stream, refusing all attempts to bring them to land. They are also more liable to be drowned, and great care should be taken that they do not get water in their ears; as soon as you see a mule droop his ears you may know that he is in danger, and the water should be removed immediately on reaching land, if you are so fortunate as to get him there. For this reason never splash water towards a mule's head, and do not make him jump into the water if possible to avoid doing so. An excellent ferry-boat may be made from a green or soaked hide of ox or buffalo, or better still, from two or more hides. You will generally find willows growing on the banks of the streams; gather some of the smaller ones, sharpen the butts and drive them into the ground, so as to form an oval figure of the size of your intended boat. Then bring the tops together, weave slender willow rods among the larger ones till the structure resembles a basket with a round bottom, and have a specially strong willow running around all of them near the ground, and firmly fastened, to make the gunwale of your boat. If your boat is made of one hide stretch it over the basket and sew it to the large rod around the top, and let the whole thing stand a few hours in the sun to get dry; then cut off the rods where they enter the ground and you have a boat that will carry four or five hundred pounds with ease. For a larger boat, with two or more hides, you want a more pretentious frame, a stout pole for a keel, and two smaller poles for gunwales. This water vehicle is known on the plains as a bull-boat, and can be easily constructed, provided the traveler has a supply of willows, some green or soaked hides, and a fair amount of common sense. Where a traveler expects to encounter streams that cannot be forded he would do well to carry two or three dried hides, and then he will have the material for covering a bull-boat always at hand. While we are speaking of hides, another use of them may be mentioned. It often happens that emigrants, or settlers in a new country, wish to salt a quantity of beef or other meat but have no cask or other receptacle in which to place it. In this emergency dig a hole in the ground, of such dimensions that the hide of the slaughtered animal will just line it; then place the hide in the hole, with the flesh side up, fasten the edges to the ground with wooden pegs, and you have a salting cask that you may use, sans peur et sans reproache. An animal's hide is also useful to bake him in, and in this way: Skin and dress your game and then sew what you intend to bake into the hide. Build a good fire in a hole in the ground with a sort of rude oven of stones around it, and keep it going till the ground and stones are hot. Now sweep out the ashes, throw in your roasting piece, cover it with dry or green leaves, put back the hot embers as quickly as possible, and then continue the fire long enough to cook the meat beneath it. The writer has practiced this form of cookery on several occasions and found the result very satisfactory. If your supply of fuel is limited, and you have much cooking to do, dig a narrow trench for the fire and place your kettles and pots above it; make the trench with one end towards the wind, and build a small chimney of stones or earth at the other end. Another way is to dig a round hole a foot deep, and place the kettles in a circle on its border, half of each kettle being on the ground and half over the fire. If you lose all your kettles and frying-pans it is well to know that you can improvise a frying-pan by taking two large flat stones and laying one above another, with a few pebbles between to keep them apart. Build a fire around them, and when they are well heated sweep away all the ashes and put your slices of meat between the stones; you will be well satisfied with the frying process that ensues. But space is limited and we must pause. The writer could go on for many more pages, giving advice to travelers in the wilderness, of varying degrees of usefulness, and mainly drawn from his own experience as a frontier campaigner years and years ago. But the demands of the printer, and the interests of the non-migrating reader, forbid an extension of the chapter. If more on the same subject is desired it will be found in an eminently practical little volume entitled "The Prairie Traveler," by Captain (since General) R. B. Marcy; the author is thoroughly familiar with the subject, as any old officer of the army can testify. HANOVER Fire Insurance Company, No. 181 Broadway, New York.
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LONDON, ENGLAND. NEW YORK BRANCH OFFICE, 102 Broadway. General Agent, W. C. BOONE. Fiscal Agents, DONNELL, LAWSON & SIMPSON. Branch Office of Commission and Shipping Departments, The General Object of This Company is to Advance and Protect American Interests in Europe: 1st.—By establishing direct Business and Financial Relations between every important business centre of the United States and the great commercial and money centres of Europe. 2d.—By opening up and extending new markets in Europe for American Manufactures and other Products, and Railroad, Mining, Landed, and other Properties. 3d.—By promoting Emigration from England and other European countries to the United States. 4th.—By aiding and protecting American Travel in Europe through the extension of Financial Facilities to Travelers, and rendering other necessary services. 5th.—By promoting European Travel to the United States, and through the United States to Japan, China, Australia, etc. TRAVELERS' CIRCULAR NOTES, available throughout the world, issued without charge, for actual value in cash. N.B. The Circular Notes issued by this corporation are secured by deposit of United States Government Bonds. LETTERS OF CREDIT issued either against deposit of cash, or satisfactory guarantee of payment. MONEY TRANSMITTED BY TELEGRAPH to all points. DRAFTS issued at current rates on all principal cities of the world. Henry F. Gillig, General Manager. PARTIES GOING ABROAD SHOULD LEAVE Condition January 1, 1881, of CONTINENTAL Insurance Company, 100 Broadway, New York.
This Company conducts its business under the restrictions of the New York Safety Fund Law. The two Safety Funds together equal $1,000,000.
Mallory Lines. BRAZIL, TEXAS, FLORIDA, NASSAU, N.P., AND MATANZAS, CUBA. The ONLY Direct Lines of Passenger Steamships from New York to TEXAS and FLORIDA, and the only Steamship Lines to BRAZIL, NASSAU, N.P., and MATANZAS, CUBA. Brazil Steamers Sail 5th of Every Month For St Thomas, Para, Pernambuco, Bahia, and Rio de Janeiro, connecting at St. Thomas with Steamers for Porto Rico, Jamaica, and the Spanish Main. Through rates and Bills of Lading given to Paranagua, Santa Catherina, Rio Grande do Sul, Pelotas, and Porto Alegre. Through Tickets Issued to All Points reached by the Royal Mail Packet Company's Intercolonial Steamers, and to Monte Video, and Buenos Ayres. Texas Steamers Sail Every Saturday For GALVESTON, giving through Freight and Passage Rates to all points in Texas. Florida Steamers Sail Every Friday For JACKSONVILLE and FERNANDINA, FLA. Pamphlets and Schedules mailed, and all information given upon application to C. H. MALLORY & CO., Agents, Pier 20 East River, near Fulton Ferry, New York. BEFORE LEAVING HOME PROVIDE YOURSELF WITH A SUPPLY OF Parker's Ginger Tonic. The occasional use of this delicious medicine will prevent any dangerous consequences from changing diet or water, and travelers will find it an unequalled appetizer and an invigorant to the highest degree, without intoxicating properties. It strengthens the Stomach, Bowels, and Digestive Organs, builds up the system, is a sure remedy for Sea Sickness, Dyspepsia, Dysentery, etc., and is the BEST MEDICINE YOU CAN USE FOR Restoring Health and Strength. A bottle of this Tonic by keeping you in good health and spirits will greatly increase the pleasure of any journey. Sold by all Druggists at 50 Cents, and $1.00. LARGE SAVING IN BUYING THE DOLLAR SIZE. HISCOX & CO., Proprietors, 163 WILLIAM STREET, N.Y. Floreston Cologne, Is the most lasting, delicate, and fragrant of perfumes. As it relieves Headache, Prostration, and Nervousness, often induced by the fatigue of travel, it will be found an exceedingly refreshing and delightful toilet companion. Price, 25 Cents; Large Bottles, 75 Cents. Manufactured only by HISCOX & CO., Chemists, New York. Parker's Hair Balsam, THE BEST, CLEANEST, AND MOST ECONOMICAL HAIR DRESSING. Elegantly perfumed and made from materials that are beneficial to the hair and scalp. Parker's Hair Balsam is far more satisfactory than any other hair preparation. It Never Fails to Restore Gray Hair to the youthful color and beauty and is warranted to prevent baldness, falling of the hair, and dandruff. 50 Cent and $1.00 Sizes at all Druggists. HISCOX & CO., New York. ENOCH MORGAN'S SONS HAND SAPOLIO, Is far preferable to the best brands of Soap. It is a perfect emollient, keeping the skin smooth and soft under all climatic changes and exposure. It is delightfully Scented, and wears away slowly. Its frequent use will remove tan, stains of all kinds, ink, and other blemishes from the skin. It will also completely remove grease and stains from garments, and rust from metal. EVERY TRAVELER SHOULD CARRY IT. Each cake is wrapped in tinfoil, and a year's supply occupies but small space. Sold by all Grocers and Fancy Goods Dealers throughout America. MANUFACTURED ONLY BY Enoch Morgan's Sons Co., 22 Park Place, New York. FOR TRAVEL, Nothing is so Refreshing and Invigorating AS NON ALCOHOLIC SPARKLING PHOSPHATED IRON BEVERAGES NO NEW UNTRIED BEVERAGE, BUT HAVING AN ESTABLISHED PRESTIGE CONFERRED BY THE Royal Family, NOBILITY, GENTRY, AND PEOPLE OF GREAT BRITAIN, Consuming Annually Over Ten Million Bottles, AND THE INDORSEMENT OF HIGH MEDICAL AUTHORITY. "The use of Zoedone is followed by all the refreshing and stimulating effects of champagne without fear of intoxication or after injurious reactionary effects. On the contrary the iron and phosphorus in Zoedone combine to convert what would otherwise be an agreeable but ephemeral stimulant into a valuable tonic." PACKED WITHOUT STRAW. $15 per case, Six Dozen Pints; $8 Three Dozen Pints. Supplied by Wine Merchants, Grocers, Druggists. Zoedone Bureau, 27 Park Place THE MOST RELIABLE Trunks, Bags, Valises, &c., ARE MADE BY CROUCH & FITZGERALD, NEW YORK. Shipping trunk TRUNKS For American Steamer and European Travel. Extra Fine Quality of Traveling Bags, &c., &c. Stores:
? Send for Illustrated Catalogue. BOOKS FOR TRAVELERS. American Publishing Co., HARTFORD, CONN. Publishers of Mark Twain's Works: "INNOCENTS ABROAD," "TRAMP ABROAD," AND OTHERS. Josiah Allen's Wife's Books: "BETSEY BOBBETT," "MY WAYWARD PARDNER," ETC. BOOKS OF TRAVEL IN VARIOUS COUNTRIES, By Thos. W. Knox, Bret Harte, and other Send for catalogue Books sent to any part of the World on receipt of price. Address, AMERICAN PUBLISHING COMPANY, Agents Wanted. HARTFORD, CONN. Get the Best Miss Parloa's NEW COOK BOOK AND Marketing Guide Millions of Dollars Saved TO THE WASTEFUL PEOPLE IN THIS COUNTRY BY THE USE OF THIS SAFE GUIDE. The New York Tribune says: "For comprehensiveness and precision, this book may be said to be unique." The Boston Traveller says: "In her New Cook-Book, Miss Parloa has rendered a good service to humanity." The New York Times says: "It has no nonsense in it, and can be recommended for general use." The New Haven Journal says: "It is in many respects the best book of its kind ever printed." 1 vol., 12mo, cloth, 430 pages, and 89 illustrations, $1.50. Published by ESTES & LAURIAT, Boston. For sale by all Booksellers.Sent postpaid on receipt of price. TRAVELING COMPANIONS. Before Starting on a Journey, Stow Away some Pleasant Novel in your Satchel. We invite attention to the following choice selection of Novels: THE NO NAME SERIES. Mercy Philbrick's Choice; Afterglow; DeirdrÈ; Hetty's Strange History; Is that All? Will Denbigh, Nobleman; Kismet; The Wolf at the Door; The Great Match; Marmorne; Mirage; A Modern Mephistopheles; Gemini; A Masque of Poets. 16mo, Cloth, Black and Gold, price $1.00 each. THE NO NAME (SECOND) SERIES. Signor Monaldini's Niece; The Colonel's Opera Cloak; His Majesty, Myself; Mrs. Beauchamp Brown; Salvage; Don John. Manuela ParÉdes (in preparation). 16mo, Cloth, Green and Gold, price $1.00 each. By the Tiber; a novel, by the author of "Signor Monaldini's Niece." The Head of Medusa; a novel, by the author of "Kismet" and "Mirage." Blessed Saint Certainty; by the author of "His Majesty, Myself." Uniform volumes, 16mo, Cloth, Black and Gold, price $1.50 each.
These books can be procured of any Bookseller, or the Publishers will mail them, post-paid, on receipt of price. ROBERTS BROTHERS, Boston. Books for European Tourists. A SATCHEL GUIDE for the Vacation Tourist in Europe. A compact itinerary of the British Isles, Belgium and Holland, Germany and the Rhine, Switzerland, France, Austria, and Italy. With Maps, Appendix, and Memoranda pages. Revised every year. 16mo, roan, flexible, $2.00. "The book is indeed a model of perspicacity and brevity; all the advice it gives will be found of immediate service. The 'Satchel Guide' tells the reader how to travel cheaply without a sacrifice of comfort, and this feature of the book will recommend it to many Tourists."—Pall Mall Gazette. SAUNTERINGS. By Charles Dudley Warner. $1.25. "The book contains a little about England and France, more about Switzerland and Holland, and a great deal concerning South Germany and Italy. There is not a dull page in it."—Springfield Republican. CASTILIAN DAYS. A very attractive book by John Hay, treating the history, country, cities, people, and politics of Spain. $2.00. THE LANDS OF SCOTT. By James F. Hunnewell. $2.50. "It is a delightful epitome of the great author's life and works; the reader being introduced to a detailed acquaintance with these, while he is led through the localities which the genius of Scott has celebrated."—Buffalo Courier. OLD ENGLAND: Its Scenery, Art, and People. By Prof. James M. Hoppin, of Yale College. 16mo, $1.75. Includes descriptions of Derbyshire, Devonshire, the Lake Country, Cornwall, the Old Cathedral Towns, and those Historic Scenes which most interest Tourists. ? For sale by Booksellers. Sent postpaid on receipt of price by the Publishers, HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & CO., Boston, Mass. PEOPLE WHO KNOW "HOW TO TRAVEL," GO TO EUROPE BY The State Line, Composed of new and powerful first-class Passenger Steamers sailing weekly between NEW YORK, GLASGOW, AND LIVERPOOL. EVERY THURSDAY FROM NEW YORK.SAFETY AND SPEED COMBINED. By taking this route, excursionists will economize in expenditures and yet enjoy all the comforts and luxuries of an ocean voyage, and a trip through Scotland via rail to Liverpool free of cost. No live stock carried on these steamers. Passage and State-Rooms can be secured in advance by communicating by letter or telegraph with Agents, or to AUSTIN, BALDWIN & CO.,
EXCURSIONISTS WHO MAKE PURCHASES ABROAD CAN SAVE TROUBLE AND EXPENSE BY PLACING THEM IN CHARGE OF The American-European Express. (Established 1848.) BALDWIN BROS. & CO., Proprietors, 53 Broadway, New York. Parcels, packages, statuary, paintings, and valuables taken charge of and forwarded to America with care and at very moderate charges. Custom-house business attended to and goods delivered to any address in Europe or America. Principal Agencies.—H. Starr & Co., 19 Australian Avenue, Jewin Crescent, London; J. & R. McCracken, 38 Queen Street, London; Lherbette, Kane & Co., 19 Rue Scribe, Paris; Staveley & Co., 1 The Temple, Dale Street, Liverpool; Lherbette, Kane & Co., 9 Rue de la Bourse, Havre; Matthias Rohde & Co., Hamburg; J. H. Bachmann, Bremen; A. Warmuth, Berlin; Maquay, Hooker & Co., Rome; Maquay. Hooker & Co., Florence; W. J. Turner & Co., Naples; Guiseppe Scala, Naples; Carlo Ponti, Venice; E. Ramirez, 16 Mercaderes, Havana; John Wallis, Cork; John Wallis, 33 Bachelors' Walk, Dublin. WHITE STAR LINE United States and Royal MAIL STEAMERS BETWEEN New York, Queenstown, and Liverpool.
Sail from New York every alternate Thursday and Saturday. They are all of them, without exception, among the largest and finest of ocean steamers, and were constructed with special reference to the conveyance of passengers. The saloon and staterooms are located in the midship section, where but little motion is felt. No Cattle, Sheep, or Pigs carried. Rates of Passage as low as by any first-class line. For inspection of plans, rates of passage, etc., apply at the Company's Offices, 37 Broadway, New York. R. J. CORTIS, Agent. C. L. BARTLETT & CO., Agents for Boston. BARRITT & CATTELL, Agents for Philadelphia. A. LAGERGREN, General Western Agent, Chicago. Fine Art in Jewelry. Decoration THREE centuries ago the Jewelers of Europe were Artists in every sense of the word, and Artists of such taste and skill that their works which have come down to us now command prices as utterly disproportionate to the intrinsic value of the precious substances of which they are made as the prices paid for the best works of the Sculptor in bronze and marble are to the intrinsic value of the materials out of which those works are hewn or moulded. Many such Artists bequeathed legacies, since enormously increased in value, to the Goldsmiths' Company for the purpose of keeping alive their art, and the enlightened public of London are now beginning to insist that these endowments shall be put to their legitimate use. We have no Goldsmiths' Company in New York, but an hour spent in such an establishment as that of Mr. THEODORE B. STARR, 206 Fifth Avenue, in this city, will throw a great deal of light, for those who have eyes to see, on the possible importance, hitherto almost unappreciated among ourselves, of the Æsthetic aspects of the beautiful industry by which that great corporation has been built up in the mother country. Mr. Starr has devoted himself steadily and successfully now for nearly twenty years to artistic work in Jewelry, and the display which he now makes of such work really deserves to rank among the most interesting and instructive of our existing art collections. In the choice and conservation of the more brilliant gems—for there is an art in conserving as well as detecting the special perfection of special gems as respects alike their surfaces, their crystallization, and their color—Mr. Starr shows the taste and training of an Artist, not less than in the skill and judgment with which he combines and sets such gems.—New York World. COLUMBIA BICYCLE. A man riding a bicycle A man riding a bicycle The permanence of the Bicycle as a practical road-vehicle is an established fact, and thousands of riders are daily enjoying the delightful and health-giving exercise. The beautiful model and elegant appearance of the "Columbia" excite universal admiration; it is carefully finished in every particular, and is confidently guaranteed as the best value for the money attained in a Bicycle. From the President of the Local Telegraph Co., "I am familiar with the various methods adopted by enlightened nations for healthful sports, agreeable pastime, and exercise, and I must say that, in my opinion, a consistent use of the wheel far surpasses them all, both for body and mind. The very marked improvements made by yourselves and our English friends, in Bicycles, within the past year or so, convince me that they will soon be no longer a luxury, but a necessity." (Signed,) HENRY BENTLEY. Send 3-cent stamp for 24-page catalogue, with price-lists and full information. THE POPE MFG. CO., 597 Washington St., Boston, Mass. Established 1850. INMAN LINE United States and Royal Mail Steamers. City of Rome, 8,300 Tons.
NEW YORK TO LIVERPOOL,—THURSDAYS OR SATURDAYS. LIVERPOOL TO NEW YORK,—TUESDAYS OR THURSDAYS. RATES OF PASSAGE, $80 and $100, according to accommodation, all having equal saloon privileges. Children between two and twelve years of age, half fare. Servants, $50. ROUND TRIP TICKETS, $144 and $180. TICKETS TO LONDON, $7, and to PARIS $15 and $20 additional, according to the route selected. THE STEAMERS of this Line, built in watertight compartments, are among the strongest, largest, and fastest on the Atlantic. THE SALOONS are luxuriously furnished, have revolving chairs, are especially well lighted and ventilated, and take up the whole width of the ship. THE PRINCIPAL STATEROOMS are amidships, forward of the engines, where least noise and motion is felt, and all replete with every comfort, having double berths, electric bells, and all latest improvements. LADIES' CABINS and bath-rooms, Gentlemen's smoking and bath-rooms, Barbers' shops, pianos, libraries, etc., provided. MEALS SERVED a la carte. These Steamers do not carry Horses, Cattle, Sheep, or Pigs. For further particulars apply to John G. Dale, Agent, 31 and 33 Broadway, New York. WM. KNABE & CO., 112 Fifth Avenue, NEW YORK. Grand piano 204 and 206 W. Baltimore Street, BALTIMORE, MD. Manufacturers of Pianos "GUION LINE." United States Mail Steamers SAILING WEEKLY Between New York and Liverpool. (CALLING AT QUEENSTOWN.) These Steamers are built of Iron, in watertight compartments, and are furnished with every requisite to make the passage across the Atlantic both safe and agreeable, having bath-room, smoking-room, drawing-room, piano, and library; also experienced Surgeon, Stewardess, and Caterer on each Steamer. The staterooms are all upper deck, thus insuring those greatest of all luxuries at sea, perfect ventilation and light. CABIN PASSAGE, $60, $80, and $100, according to Location, etc. INTERMEDIATE.—This is a class that affords people of moderate means a respectable way of traveling. Beds, bedding, wash-basins, etc., together with good food, separate dining-room from either cabin or steerage being provided. Passage, $40 single; $80 round trip. STEERAGE PASSAGE at Low Rates. DRAFTS payable in Ireland, England, and Scotland at low rates. Apply to WILLIAMS & GUION, 29 BROADWAY, N.Y. BROWN BROTHERS & CO., 59 Wall Street, New York, AND ALEXANDER BROWN & SONS, Cor. Baltimore and Calvert Streets, BALTIMORE. BUY AND SELL BILLS OF EXCHANGE ON Great Britain and Ireland, France, ISSUE COMMERCIAL AND TRAVELERS' CREDITS IN STERLING, available in any part of the world, and MAKE TELEGRAPHIC TRANSFERS OF MONEY Between This and Other Countries, Through London and Paris. To Travelers.—Travelers Credits issued either against cash deposited or satisfactory guarantee of repayment. In Dollars, for use in the United States and adjacent countries; or in Pounds Sterling, for use in any part of the world. Application for Credits may be addressed to either of the above houses direct, or through any first-class Bank or Banker. HOUSES IN LONDON AND LIVERPOOL. Messrs. Brown, Shipley & Co. Decoration HATCH & FOOTE, BANKERS, No. 12 WALL STREET, NEW YORK. We buy and sell U.S. Bonds, execute orders in Stocks, Decoration OREGON Railway and Navigation Co., OWNING AND OPERATING THE WALLA WALLA & COLUMBIA RIVER R.R. OCEAN DIVISION. The only direct Mail Line from San Francisco to Portland, Oregon. Carrying Wells, Fargo & Co's Express. "GEORGE W. ELDER.""OREGON.""COLUMBIA." Regular Steamships from Portland to San Francisco and return, every Five Days until further notice. Connections made at Portland, Oregon, for all points in Oregon, Washington and Idaho Territories, British Columbia, and Alaska. K. Van Oterendorf, Superintendent. Columbia & Willamette Division. Connecting with Northern Pacific R.R. at Kalama and Ainsworth; and with Walla Walla and Columbia River R.R. at Wallula. Geo. J. Ainsworth, Superintendent. Walla Walla & Columbia River Railroad. Connects at Wallula (on Columbia River) with Steamboats of O. R. & N. Co. This Line, being rapidly constructed, is now open to Weston, Oregon. CONSIGN ALL FREIGHT "VIA OREGON RAILWAY & NAVIGATION CO." H. VILLARD, President. T. F. OAKES, Vice-Pres't and Gen'l Manager. A. L. STOKES, General Eastern Passenger Agent, To Travellers Visiting New York. The International Exchange AND READING ROOMS, Madison Square, New York. (Entrances 953 Broadway, and 185 Fifth Avenue, corner of 23d Street.) C. A. O'ROURKE & CO., Proprietors. Strangers to the United States, or to New York, can find at this institution the information and facilities most useful to them. Among the features of the establishment are: 1. The leading newspapers of the principal cities of the world are kept on file. The latest issues of these journals are received by every mail. 2. Information for travellers as to the places of interest in the city, and how to visit them. Also in regard to travel, routes, cost, etc., to all points of the United States, Canada, Mexico, the West Indies, and South America. Accommodations secured in advance at leading hotels in all cities. Interpreters and guides furnished. 3. Theatre, Railroad, and Steamship Tickets can be purchased at regular rates. Diagrams of the seats, and Telephonic communications with leading Theatres. 4. Foreign Money Exchanged. 5. Direct Telegraphic communication at regular rates with all parts of the world. 6. The important news of the world, especially if of financial or commercial interest, received at the Exchange and Bulletined. 7. Notification of Steamship arrivals, and of arrivals and departures of Mails. Subscribers can receive their Letters at the Exchange. 8. Quotations of Railroad, Mining, Produce, and other Stocks, received at the Exchange by telegraph. Americans sojourning in New York en route to Europe can avail themselves not only of the general advantages of the Exchange, but can obtain information in regard to routes of travel, principal places of resort, cost, etc., on the other side of the Atlantic. The International Exchange counts among its annual subscribers a very large number of the leading business and public men of New York. Subscription price $25.00 per year, $10.00 per quarter, $5.00 per month, payable in advance. The Traveller, published weekly by the International Exchange contains, besides matters of general interest, information in a concise form most useful for travellers. American Exchange in Europe, (LIMITED.) HEADQUARTERS FOR AMERICANS IN EUROPE, AND Post-Office Address for Travelers' Correspondence, 449 Strand, London, England. PRESIDENT, Joseph R. Hawley.GEN'L MANAGER, Henry F. Gillig. The following Particular Advantages for Travelers: 1st.—The largest number of American newspapers on file in Europe. 2d.—The only place in Europe where the directories of American cities and towns can be found. 3d.—The only place where arrivals are published weekly, and circulated throughout the world. 4th.—The only place where Travelers can obtain their Letters Every Day in the year, and offering facilities to travelers for correspondence with their friends. 5th.—The only place where the arrival of Steamers on both sides of the Atlantic is made known by telegraph immediately on being signaled. 6th.—The only channel for economical telegraphic communication between America and Europe by a code containing innumerable phrases specially compiled for travelers, and relating to domestic as well as business matters. 7th.—The only place in Europe where all the leading American newspapers are kept on sale. 8th.—The only place where there is a separate reading and writing room for ladies. 9th.—The only place where all the lines of Steamers and Routes of European travel are impartially represented; where impartial information and advice on all subjects relating to travel can be obtained; and where every requirement of the traveler is supplied. 10th.—The only place of the kind in Europe managed exclusively by Americans. Over six hundred Newspapers, two hundred city and state Directories, three hundred official State and Municipal Reports regularly filed in the Reading Rooms of the Exchange. Travelers' Branch open daily from 9 A.M. to midnight. Passage Tickets issued available by any line of Steamers. Freight and Parcels booked at through rates to all parts of the world. Baggage and Goods Stored. N.B.—Printed Addressed Envelopes can be obtained Free of Cost at the Branch Office, 102 Broadway, New York, and at Hotels, Railroad and Steamship Ticket Offices throughout the United States, Canada, and Europe. Henry F. Gillig, General Manager. E. REMINGTON & SONS, MANUFACTURERS OF THEIR CELEBRATED MILITARY BREECH-LOADING RIFLES, CARBINES and PISTOLS, of which more than 1,500,000 have been sold to nearly every Government in the World. ALSO, Long, Mid, Short-Range and Sporting BREECH-LOADING RIFLES, Which have won for themselves world-renowned reputation LIKEWISE Double and Single-Barreled Shot Guns Equaled by few and inferior to none extant. Revolving, Repeating and Single Shot Pistols; ARMY, NAVY, POLICE, HOUSE AND POCKET SIZES, ONE TO SIX SHOTS. Cartridges, Loading Implements, Shooting Canes, Bullets, Primers, Shells, Etc., Etc. MANUFACTORY: ILION, HERKIMER COUNTY, N.Y., U.S.A. SALESROOMS: 283 Broadway, New York, LIGHTEN YOUR LABOR BY USING The Perfected Type-Writer. SEE WHAT IT WILL DO. FROM THE AUTHOR OF "HOW TO TRAVEL." New York, March 4, 1881. E. Remington & Sons:—Gentlemen: In reply to your inquiry of yesterday I beg to say that I consider the Type-Writer invaluable to any one who has a large amount of writing to do. For clearing off an accumulation of correspondence on returning from a journey it is admirable, and for preparing printer's "copy" it is unrivaled. If I could not get another Type-Writer I would not willingly take ten thousand dollars for the one I now have. It is little more than two years since I bought it, and in all that time its repairs have cost exactly fifty cents. Besides all my private correspondence, magazine articles, and newspaper matter, I have written four books with this machine and shall complete a fifth in a few days. The saving of time to me is not far from 25 per cent., and in this one item the Type-Writer has paid for itself several times over. Very truly yours, THOS. W. KNOX. MANUFACTURED AND SOLD ONLY BY E. Remington & Sons, PRINCIPAL OFFICES: 281 and 283 Broadway, New York. BRANCH OFFICES: 38 Madison St., Chicago.124 So. 7th St., Philadelphia. LINDO BROS. Products and address M. Crane, 53, 55, and 57 Park Place, New York. Electrotyping and Stereotyping In all its Branches. Fine Electrotypes from Engravings Specimens of work sent on application, and Satisfaction Guaranteed. THE PERMANENT CURE OF CATARRH. Rev. T. P. Childs' Treatment the Only Effectual Way. CHILDS' CATARRH SPECIFIC Is no new untried cure, but a Positive and Certain Remedy. WE, ABOVE ALL THINGS, DESIRE TO ESTABLISH CONFIDENCE IN OUR TREATMENT, SO THAT EVERY SUFFERER FROM CATARRH AND BRONCHITIS MAY FEEL CERTAIN OF SUCCESS IN ITS USE. 193 E. Fayette St., Baltimore, Md., Dec. 20, 1879. Rev. T. P. Childs.—I have the pleasure of informing you that after a faithful use of your remedy for eight weeks ending March 28, 1879, I am completely rid of a stubborn case of catarrh of three years' standing—breathing tubes clear as a whistle, appetite good, and digestion good. Yours, Thomas B. Hand. Rev. T. P. Childs: Dear Sir—I think you have the true theory and practice for cure of nasal catarrh, and also for the treatment of respiratory organs. My throat is now so well restored that I can lecture daily without any difficulty, and find no difficulty whatever in preaching. You are at full liberty to use my name for the benefit of others. Yours very truly, E. B. Fairchild, D.D., LL.D., WHAT THE EDITORS SAY. "While not supposing that all cases of catarrh will be cured by the prescription advertised, the publishers of the Illustrated Christian Weekly, after diligent inquiry, have reason to believe that it has in many cases proved effectual."—Illustrated Christian Weekly, New York. "The publishers of the Congregationalist, with multitudes of other people, are somewhat suspicious of patent medicines as a rule, and when we received the advertisement of Mr. Childs we at first declined its insertion; but, on making inquiry, we received such satisfactory replies, and one especially from a well-known Congregational pastor not far from Rev. Mr. Childs, the proprietor of the medicine, that we withdrew our objections."—Congregationalist, Boston. CHILDS' CATARRH SPECIFIC will effectually and permanently cure any case of catarrh, no matter how desperate. It can only be obtained at Troy, Ohio. The treatment is local as well as constitutional, and cannot be obtained at the drug stores. We especially desire to treat those who have tried other remedies without success. Child's Treatment of Catarrh, and for diseases of the Bronchial Tubes, can be taken at home, with perfect ease and safety, by the patient. No expense need be entailed beyond the cost of the medicine. Rev. T. P. CHILDS, Troy, Ohio. THE POLAND SPRING WATER Has cured numerous cases of Bright's Disease of the Kidneys, as well as other forms of disease resulting from Blood Poison, such as Malarial Fever, Rheumatic Fever, Dyspepsia, Constipation, Gravel, Diabetes, Scrofula, Dropsy, Etc. Although an exceedingly pleasant water to drink, it possesses those peculiar properties that restore to action the Kidneys, Liver, and other Internal Organs that may have become sluggish in their movements. Thus by cleansing the blood the body is restored to its original vigor, and the complexion to its original freshness and beauty. Were it more generally used there would be far less demand for drugs and cosmetics. The following gentlemen of this city will cheerfully bear testimony to its remarkable curative qualities: J. W. Pottle; S. Jacoby, 103 Broad Street; J. M. Schuyler, 114 Wall Street; C. E. Blumenthal, M.D., 54 West 45th Street; W. G. Tuller and Ira Thorn, Fifth Avenue Hotel; J. Munroe Taylor, 113 Water Street; C. Y. Wemple, Vice-Pres't Manhattan Life Insurance Company; Root & Childs, 87 Worth Street; J. B. Libby, of H. J. Libby & Co., White Street; Deering & Milliken, 79 and 81 Leonard Street; G. N. Dickinson, of Lee, Tweedy & Co.; A. A. Vantine, 827, 829, and 831 Broadway; Edward Carroll, of Falconer, Carroll & Co.; C. P. Tooker, of Kiggins, Tooker & Co., 125 William Street; John R. Ames, Board of Education; George A. Dresser and Wm. Silver, Queens Insurance Company; W. H. Scott, M.D., 8 East 41st Street; Henry C. Houghton, M.D., 44 West 35th Street; H. K. White, 548 Broadway; Wm. H. Lindsley, 279 Broadway; M. M. Stanfield, Victoria Hotel; Wm. B. Bogle, of Bogle & Lyles; I. F. Slader, Brandreth House; F. J. Allen, Astor House; J. H. Small, 111 Front Street. The undersigned have within their personal knowledge cases in which Poland Spring Water has proved highly beneficial. H. L. Bridgman.Thos. W. Knox ? For sale in large or small quantities by O. HUTCHINSON, the Authorized Agent, 145 Nassau St., New York J. H. Johnston, 150 Bowery, New York, Duplicate Wedding Presents, SURPLUS SILVERWARE, DIAMONDS, WATCHES, JEWELRY, BRONZES, AND PAINTINGS. Inscriptions erased and Silverware refinished and sold 50 PER CENT. BELOW MANUFACTURERS' COST. Constant Bargains in New and Second-hand WATCHES. FINE DIAMONDS BELOW PARIS PRICES. ESTABLISHED OVER 30 YEARS, Dealing only in Fine Goods. A visit to 150 Bowery will well repay the curious, or those who want the best Goods at surprisingly low prices. Drawing of a busy shop Tourjee's Tours, FOURTH SEASON, The most enjoyable, economical and successful excursion tours ever planned to the OLD WORLD. All Travel and Hotels First-Class. COMPANY SELECT. Important additions to our former tours. Extra inducements without extra charge. Early registration important. Parties contemplating a visit to Europe should send for circular giving full particulars. E. Tourjee, The following is from the Physicians' Pocket Manual and Year Book. "Three years ago, he planned a new way of seeing the wonders of the Old World, and what have now become famous as the Tourjee Excursions are such as every intelligent person will heartily endorse. The cost to each excursionist varies from $175 to $700, and these figures include first-class transportation, hotel accommodations, carriage drives, lunches and all incidentals. From the time he embarks to the day he returns to New York, the tourist is not obliged to take out an additional cent from his purse. We heartily endorse these pleasant trips, and believe that they merit the appreciation of the medical profession. In the previous excursions, quite a number of eastern medical men participated, and several will have gone over the ground again the present year. The advantages which they offer for recuperation, both to physicians and patients, are unsurpassed, and we hope that many a year will have passed before they shall be discontinued. The old way of seeing the Old World has always had many drawbacks; the new way affords thrice the benefit for less than one-half the expenditure." FRANK LESLIE'S ILLUSTRATED PUBLICATIONS. RATES OF SUBSCRIPTION, POSTAGE PAID.
The various publications of this house embrace a wide range of popular reading. The illustrations are of the highest order, by the most skilful artists. The literary matter is contributed by authors and writers of great reputation and acknowledged popularity. Most liberal outlays are made to secure the best talent in the market, both instructive and amusing. No "traveling agent" is authorized to collect money for our publications. Remit by money-order, draft on New York, or registered letter, at our risk. Address FRANK LESLIE'S PUBLISHING HOUSE, THE ASSOCIATED LINES OF Southern Railway Travel, COMPRISING PIEDMONT AIR LINE, Concentration of control under One Management. Special U.S. Fast Mail, and Double Daily Passenger Route. SHORTEST LINES BETWEEN NORTH AND SOUTH. Extended Pullman Sleeping-Car Service. First-class equipment and all standard appliances. New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, AND Washington TO New Orleans, Mobile, Montgomery, Atlanta, AND INTERMEDIATE POINTS; ALSO, Charleston, Macon, Savannah, all points in Southwest Georgia, and Florida. IMMIGRATION. Arrangements have been perfected by which a complete system of settlers' and immigrants' fares from leading Eastern cities exist to each station upon the lines of railways of this organization, and the attention of immigrants and all persons seeking investments in the Southern States is invited to exhibits soon to be published concerning unimproved lands, improved farms, sites for manufacturing purposes, supplies and location of growing hard woods, deposits of minerals, metals, and building materials, together with facts of physical attractions, accessibility to railway or water transportation, or desirable markets. Full information concerning the Lines, points reached, matters of tickets, schedules, sleeping car reservations, etc., etc., to be had on application to 306 Washington St., Boston. 838 Chestnut St., Philadelphia. AND ALL LEADING TICKET OFFICES EAST. A. Pope, General Passenger and Ticket Agent. "WING & SON" Piano-Fortes Possess all the delicate tone and action qualities claimed by the leading makers. An inspection will surely prove the fact. The new TREBLE REFLECTOR (Wing & Son's invention,) gives a remarkable bird-like quality to the HIGH TREBLE NOTES. As to Prices. This establishment can furnish a remarkable instrument in its musical qualities and encased after a new and unconventional design for the sum of $400. Send for the reports of Hoffman and other celebrated Pianists to the office of Wing and Son 1298 and 1300 Broadway, N.Y. FOR MAGAZINES AND NEWSPAPERS, A round seal AMERICAN AND FOREIGN. SEND FOR OUR CATALOGUE, NOW READY FOR DISTRIBUTION. It gives CLUB RATES for all the prominent Publications, American and English. ? We make the import of Foreign Periodicals, by mail or otherwise, a specialty. The following are samples of our prices per year, post-paid:
? Librarians and Managers of Book Clubs and Reading Associations are especially requested to notice this. Time, Labor, and Money are saved by ordering through our agency. ? Send for our Catalogue, giving prices of nearly Two Thousand Periodicals, American, English, French, and German, at club-rates. Free to any address upon request. ALBERT H. ROFFE & CO., 11 BROMFIELD STREET, BOSTON, MASS. Steam ship DAILY OCEAN EXCURSIONS TO ROCKAWAY BEACH, BY THE ENTIRELY NEW PALATIAL STEAMERS, Grand Republic and Columbia. Universally conceded to be the largest, finest, and best adapted Excursion Steamers in the world, combining everything that contributes to the safety, comfort, and luxury of pleasure seekers. THE GRAND REPUBLIC, With Band and the Columbia Glee Club,
THE COLUMBIA, With Deverell's 13th Reg't Band and Concordia Glee Club, Cornet Soloist, Xylophone, etc.,
DIRECT FOR ROCKAWAY BEACH.
The best order and discipline maintained. Ladies with Children are perfectly safe in traveling under the care of the Captains, aided by efficient Officers and a platoon of Police. Passage Cards, 35 cents. Excursion Tickets, 50 cents. Children from 5 to 12 years, Half-price; Under 5, Free. THE MUTUAL LIFE Insurance Company, OF NEW YORK. Nos. 144 and 146 Broadway. F. S. WINSTON, President. R. A. McCURDY, Vice-President. Assets, January 1, 1881, OVER NINETY-ONE MILLIONS OF DOLLARS. COLONEL KNOX'S Books of Travel. The BOY TRAVELERS in the FAR EAST. Part I. Adventures of Two Youths in a Journey to Japan and China. By Thomas W. Knox. Illustrated. 8vo, Illuminated Cloth, $3.00. The BOY TRAVELERS in the FAR EAST. Part II. Adventures of Two Youths in a Journey to Siam and Java. With descriptions of Cochin-China, Cambodia, Sumatra, and the Malay Archipelago. By Thomas W. Knox. Illustrated. 8vo, Illuminated Cloth, $3.00. These volumes will serve an admirable purpose in the education of our young people.—N.Y. Herald. That which Mayne Reid did for a past generation Col. Knox is doing for readers of to-day. He is producing books of travel fascinating alike for old and young.—N.Y. Journal of Commerce. Great favorites with youthful readers.—Christian-at-Work, N.Y. The best, most instructive, and pleasing books for boys ever issued.—Boston Post. Published by HARPER & BROTHERS, Franklin Square, New York. ? Harper & Brothers will send any of the above works by mail, postage prepaid, to any part of the United States, on receipt of price. "Whoever would derive the most information, enjoyment, and satisfaction from travel, should always use the best Guide-Books." OSGOOD'S AMERICAN GUIDE-BOOKS. "These books contain everything which the traveler wants to know, in precisely the shape he wants to have it."—Boston Journal. Arranged on the celebrated Baedeker plan, indorsed by all European travelers. The history, poetry, and legends of each locality, tersely and clearly given. Scores of maps, city plans, and panoramas. Giving prices and locations of all hotels and boarding-houses, summer resorts, and routes. There are Four Volumes, bound in flexible cloth, and each of about 500 pages, with many maps and plans. New England, The Maritime Provinces, "They are simply indispensable to tourists in the regions named; and those who have sallied forth without them have omitted the really most important part of their equipment."—Literary World. "As for accuracy, the amount of work done by the editor has been enormous. To say that the books are better than any American books of the sort that have hitherto appeared would be superfluous; there is no comparison to be made between them and their predecessors."—The Independent. Revised Annually. Price $1.50 Each. ? For sale by all Booksellers, or sent postpaid on receipt of price, by the Publishers, JAMES R. OSGOOD & CO., Boston. Established 1801. The Evening Post Broadway and Fulton St., New York. NEVER was this paper more able, bright, and newsy than at present.—St. Paul Press. YOUNGER, fresher, and altogether a better newspaper than ever.—Trenton Gazette. EXCEEDINGLY welcome visitor to the evening companionship of reading people.—Philadelphia Ledger. VERY few American journals equal the Evening Post for reputation and influence among thinking people.—Newspaper Directory. EVEN its advertising columns are jealously guarded against questionable or objectionable advertisements.—Newspaper Guide. NOW the ablest evening paper in the world. Faithful and accurate as a newspaper.—Mohawk Valley Democrat. ITS readers include a large proportion, if not a majority, of the literary and business world.—N.Y. Daily Bulletin. NOTHING is to be found in its columns which would exclude it from the most refined family circle.—Pittsburgh Post. GENERALLY acknowledged to be the door by which access is to be gained to the New York homes.—Rowell's Newspaper Guide. POLITICALLY it is the ablest and most independent journal of republican proclivities in New York.—Philadelphia Times. OUR contemporary's prosperity speaks well for its management, and for the moral tone of its readers.—Newburgh Journal. SUITED for the family circle as well as for the office of the man interested in politics and news.—Pittsburgh Post. THE EVENING POST has a very large circulation among the respectable reading public of this city.—New York World. Daily, $9; Semi-Weekly, $3; Weekly, $1.50. Favorable Terms to Clubs.Specimen Copy Free. The W. C. BRYANT CO., Publishers, BROADWAY AND FULTON ST., NEW YORK. THE NEW YORK TRIBUNE. The Tribune is now spending more labor and money than ever before to maintain the distinction it has long enjoyed of having the largest circulation among the best people. It secured, and means to retain it, by becoming the medium of the best thought and the voice of the best conscience of the time, by keeping abreast of the highest progress, favoring the freest discussion, hearing all sides, appealing always to the best intelligence and the purest morality, and refusing to cater to the tastes of the vile or the prejudices of the ignorant. THE LIBRARY OF UNIVERSAL KNOWLEDGE, embracing Chambers' EncyclopÆdia complete, omitting only some of the cuts, with extensive additions by an able corps of American editors, treating about 15,000 additional topics, thoroughly Americanizing the entire work, adding to it over 25 per cent. of the latest, freshest, and most valuable matter, the whole making 15 handsome Octavo Volumes of 6 by 9½ inches in size, printed in large type on good strong calendered paper, and neatly and substantially bound in cloth. We can offer this valuable work in connection with THE TRIBUNE as follows:
For further particulars concerning this and other valuable premiums, address THE TRIBUNE, New York. The Hartford (CONN.) Courant. THE OLDEST NEWSPAPER IN AMERICA. A REPRESENTATIVE JOURNAL OF NEW ENGLAND. Established: Weekly, 1764; Daily, 1836.
New Courant Building, State St. THE COURANT is the Oldest Newspaper in the United States, and, with less than half a dozen exceptions, the oldest print in the English language. It was founded in October, 1764, and has been published uninterruptedly, under the same title, ever since. Terms: Weekly, $1.50 a Year; Daily, $8.00. THE BEST ? Send for sample copies, which will be sent FREE. Insure Your Life IN AN OLD AND STRONG COMPANY. THE AETNA LIFE OF HARTFORD, CONN., Issues Policies upon all Desirable Plans at Rates Lower than those of most Companies. The Ætna Life Insurance Company.—In mentioning this Company we must reiterate the well-known fact that it stands at the very head of the list of life insurance companies. For thirty years it has stood the storms of financial fluctuation, and now remains the strongest life insurance company in the country. Its management is in the hands of experienced and trustworthy men, as is shown by referring to the condition of the Company shown by their statement of affairs.—Hartford Journal. STATUARY IN Granite, Artistic Memorials, AND Building Work IN ALL KINDS OF GRANITE. Original Designs and Estimates furnished Free on application. WORK DELIVERED IN ALL PARTS OF THE COUNTRY. ADDRESS The New England Granite Works, HARTFORD, CONN. Quarries at Westerly, R.I. BUY THE "HARTFORD" Wire mattress FOR DURABILITY, COMFORT, AND ECONOMY. WARRANTED NEVER TO SAG. The "HARTFORD" Mattress is durable. It will last a life-time. One-third of every person's life ought to be spent in sleep, hence the necessity for a perfect sleeping arrangement. The "HARTFORD" Mattress affords the greatest comfort; conforming to the body, it makes a most delightful bed. The "HARTFORD" Mattress will never wear out or need a repair. Requiring over the Mattress only a blanket or a very light mattress, much is saved in the way of expense in not being obliged to purchase heavy hair mattresses or other over-bedding. The "HARTFORD" Woven Wire Mattress is free from the disagreeable noises so annoying in the upright spiral spring. The "HARTFORD" Mattress always keeps its shape, being as elastic and flexible after fifteen years use as when first manufactured. Investigate its merits. Buy only the genuine "HARTFORD." Take no other. Beware of imitations and infringements. Every Mattress marked "HARTFORD." For prices, catalogues, or any desired information, ADDRESS Hartford Woven Wire Mattress Co., Box 148, Hartford, Conn., U.S.A. HENRY ROBERTS, Secretary. "THE HARTFORD" Sewing Machine. THE LATEST PRODUCTION, Combining all the BEST POINTS of former models of Machines with new excellencies of its own. The lightest running Machine ever made. SIMPLE, STRONG, DURABLE. The only High-Arm Machine making the "Pearl Stitch." All Bearings of Steel or Forgings. Self-Adjusting Tensions. The Original and Simplest Cylinder Shuttle. Elegant Ornamentation. "THE GENERAL FAVORITE," For Shoemakers, Saddlers, Tailors, Etc., IS THE STANDARD AMONG AMERICAN MANUFACTURERS. Weed Sewing Machine Company, Hartford, Conn., U.S.A. ESTERBROOK'S Steel Pens. Pen nib The Most Popular Pens in Use. Leading Nos. 048, 14, 130, 333, 161. Samples and Catalogue on Application. THE ESTERBROOK STEEL PEN CO., Works, Camden, N.J.26 John St., New York. N. P. FLETCHER & CO., Hartford, Conn., Publishers, and Manufacturers of the Celebrated Fletcher Ink Extracts. These preparations are soluble concentrated compounds, containing the coloring matters and mordants used in the best Inks. By the addition of water only, an Ink of beautiful color and fine quality is at once produced. Invaluable for Travelers, as the dry and powdered Extracts can be carried in small space and used at convenience. Used for the last six years in the best Banks, Insurance Offices, and Counting Rooms of the United States. COLORS: Rose-Scarlet, Brilliant Green, Blue, Violet, and Black. Full descriptive circulars mailed on application. FAIRBANKS' SCALES. The Worlds' Standard. HIGHEST AWARDS, WORLD'S FAIRS.
At the World's Fair in Paris, in 1878, Fairbanks & Co. received seven medals, more than were awarded any other American exhibitors; at the Sydney, Australia, World's Fair, in 1881, in competition with manufacturers from the United States, Great Britain, and France, they received a special award above all others; and at Melbourne, Australia, World's Fair, in 1881, also in competition with American, English, and French manufacturers, Fairbanks' scales received the four highest awards. The Cheapest Scale Manufactured! QUALITY CONSIDERED. Correspondence solicited. Price list furnished upon application. OVER ONE MILLION OF THESE SCALES IN USE. Principal Warehouse, FAIRBANKS & CO., New York.
Agent for Fairbanks' Scales in the Russian Empire, LIBERAL AND IMPORTANT CONCESSIONS Examine the New Form of Policy ISSUED BY The United States Life Insurance Company, Before Insuring Elsewhere. NOTE THE LIBERALITY OF ITS TERMS. After the premiums for three or more years have been paid, upon receiving the required notice from the assured, the Company will continue the Policy in force without further payments, for its Full Face, for such a period as the Entire Reserve will carry it. Should the death of the insured take place during the continued term of insurance as provided for above, the full face of the Policy will be paid—no deduction being made for forborne or unpaid premiums, excepting in the event of the death occurring within three years after the default. The new form of Endowment Policy provides: That if the Entire Reserve is a greater sum than the single premium required to carry the full amount of insurance to the end of the Endowment term, the Excess shall be issued as a single premium to purchase a pure Endowment, payable at the end of the term, thus guaranteeing to the Policy-holder in every event the full value of his Reserve. No Surrender of the Policy is required—only a notice from the Policy-holder, on blanks furnished by the Company. After Three Years, all Restrictions and Conditions in regard to travel, residence, occupation, and cause of death are removed, thus making the Policies after three years Incontestable for any Cause excepting Fraud. All Forms of Life and Endowment Policies Issued. THE UNITED STATES Life Insurance Company in the City of New York, 261 Broadway. OFFICERS.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
THE UNITED STATES MUTUAL Accident Association. Office, 409 Broadway, New York. Incorporated Oct. 11, 1877. $3.00 will procure a certificate of membership entitling the member to $5,000.00 in the event of death by accident, and $25.00 weekly indemnity for totally disabling injury. Over 4,000 Business Men now members. CHARLES B. PEET, President. BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
PORTABILITY COMBINED WITH GREAT POWER Will show Objects Distinctly Two to Six Miles. Spectacles and Eye-Glasses, To Strengthen and Improve the Sight, Catalogues sent by enclosing stamp. SEMMONS, Oculist and Optician, 687 Broadway, New York. Accident Department. MUTUAL BENEFIT LIFE CO. 118 Asylum Street, HARTFORD, CONN. Accident Protection at Actual Cost! ADMISSION: $3 for any Amount up to $5000. Future Expenses 25 cents per month as long as continued, and assessments to cover losses only, at table rates. ANY MAN HIS OWN AGENT. Send for Application, which anyone may fill out, and return to Company with fee. WEEKLY INDEMNITY, $5 to $25. ? AGENTS WANTED EVERYWHERE. THE TRAVELERS Life and Accident Insurance Co., HARTFORD, CONN. Oldest and Largest in America. JAS. G. BATTERSON, President. RODNEY DENNIS, Secretary.
GENERAL ACCIDENT POLICIES, by the year or month, written by Agents. REGISTERED ACCIDENT TICKETS, one to thirty days, at Agencies and Railroad Stations. PERMIT FOR FOREIGN VOYAGE at slight addition to cost of ordinary Policy.
REGULAR LIFE INSURANCE, all best forms, with ample security, at Low Cash Rates. Transcriber's Note: Minor typographical errors have been corrected without note. Irregularities and inconsistencies in the text have been retained as printed. The 20 pages of ads preceding the title page were moved to the end of the book. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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