War Prisoner Money and Medals :: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY Prisoners of War in General

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY Prisoners of War in General

William E. S. Flory, Prisoners of War: A Study in the Development of International Law. Washington, D. C.: American Council on Public Affairs, 1942.

A good survey of all legal aspects of the subject, with a selected bibliography.

Georges Werner, “Les Prisonniers de Guerre,” in AcadÉmie de Droit International: Receuil des Cours, 1928, Vol. I, Paris: Librairie Hachette, 1929, pp. 1-107.

Scholarly juridical treatise on all legal problems concerning prisoners of war.

Franz von Liszt, Das VÖlkerrecht. Twelfth edition by Max Fleischmann. Berlin: Julius Springer, 1925, pp. 480-488.

The standard German work on International Law, with a selected bibliography.

AndrÉ Warnod, Prisonnier de Guerre: Notes et Croquis RapportÉs d’Allemagne. Paris: Librairie Charpentier et Fasquelle, 1915.

Experiences in a German internment camp, with interesting drawings by the author as illustrations.

[Alexander] Backhaus, Die Kriegsgefangenen in Deutschland. Siegen-Leipzig-Berlin: Verlag Hermann Montanus, 1915.

About 250 photographs from German prison camps with explanatory comments.

[Anonymous]: Deutsche Kriegsgefangene in Feindesland. Berlin and Leipzig: 1919.

Official accounts of the German government concerning prisoners of war in France and England.

Clemens Plassmann, Die deutschen Kriegsgefangenen in Frankreich, 1914-1920. Berlin: Verlag der Reichsvereinigung ehemaliger Kriegsgefangener, 1921.

A systematical discussion of all legal and social problems concerning the German prisoners of war in France, 1914-1920.

Dora Coith, Kriegsgefangen: Erlebnisse einer Deutschen in Frankreich. Leipzig: Hesse und Becker Verlag, 1915.

Description of experiences in a French war prison of a German civil internee.

Robert Guerlain, A Prisoner in Germany. London: Macmillan and Co. Ltd., 1944.

Account of a French soldier who spent more than a year as a prisoner of war in one of the vast prison camps in Germany, 1940-1941.

I. Internment Camp Money

Bruno RÖttinger, Das deutsche Gefangenenlagergeld sowie Gruben und Zechengeld 1914/1918. (Volume V of Dr. Arnold Keller’s NotgeldbÜcher). Frankfurt a. M.: Adolph E. Cahn, 1922. V + 42 pp.

The most complete check-list of all kinds and varieties of the German internment camp money superseding previously published lists.

J. Schulman, La Guerre EuropÉenne 1914-1916: Catalogues, Nos. LXVII, January, 1917, pp. 99-129, nos. 864-1188, plates IX-XI (Germany, Austria-Hungary); pp. 152-154, nos. 1387-1400 (Germany); LXX, March, 1918, pp. 66-70, nos. 745-801 (Germany); pp. 129-131, nos. 1441-1465 (Austria-Hungary); LXX, pp. 166-168, nos. 1797-1831 a (France); LXXIII, January, 1919, pp. 19-27, nos. 171-259 (France); pp. 55-58, nos. 535-573 (Germany); pp. 78-79, nos. 770-773 (Austria); pp. 104-106, nos. 1049-1064 (France); LXXV, December, 1919, pp. 10-12, nos. 90-112 (France); pp. 91-96, nos. 832-882 (Germany); pp. 99-100, nos. 906-917 (Austria-Hungary).

Many complete sets listed with very fine numismatic descriptions.

[Anonymous], “The Numismatic Side of the European War.” The Numismatist, XXIX (July, 1916), p. 328.

On internment camp money of Freistadt, Grodig, and KleinmÜnchen.

[Anonymous], “Europe’s War Legacy to Collectors.” The Numismatist, XXIX (1916), pp. 498-499.

On Austrian war prisoners money “in the war prisoners’ camp at Braunau, and struck in nickel-aluminum. All are of the same type and have a small square hole in the center.” Also on war prisoners money used in the camps at Danzig-Troyl, Prussia, and KleinmÜnchen, Austria, with reproduction of several sets.

[Anonymous], “European War Prison Camp Tokens.” The Numismatist, XXX (1917), pp. 18-19.

Particularly on the prisoners money of the “k. u. k. Offiziersstation fÜr Kriegsgefangene MÜhling,” (1915), with reproductions.

J. Hunt Deacon, “Isle of Man Internment Camp Money.” The Numismatic Scrapbook Magazine, IX (June, 1943), pp. 313-314.

On internment camp money issued in the present war.

J. Hunt Deacon, “More Internment Camp Money.” The Numismatic Scrapbook Magazine, IX (July, 1943). pp. 428 f.

On present war money issued for civilian internment camps.

Robert Guerlain, A Prisoner in Germany. London: Macmillan and Co. Ltd., 1944.

On pp. 71-73, information is found on prices and currency in German prison camps, during the period of 1939 to 1941.

II. European War-Prisoner Medals

German Capture Medal by Ludwig Gies

J. Schulman, La Guerre EuropÉenne 1914-1916. Catalogue LXV, April 1916, p. 82, no. 809.

The description reads:
Prisonniers de guerre.
MÉdaille uniface coulÉe en bronze par L. G(ies). Un soldat allemand amÈne un soldat franÇais, un russe, un anglais, un belge, un serbe et un indigÈne. Br. mm. 64. MÉdaille trÈs intÉressante. fl. 18.

Max Bernhart, Die MÜnchener Medaillenkunst der Gegenwart. Munich-Berlin: R. Oldenbourg, 1917.

A photographic reproduction, 60 millimeters in diameter, is found on Plate 15, no. 102.

French War-Prisoner Medal of 1916

J. Schulman, La Guerre EuropÉenne 1914-1916. Catalogue LXXIII, p. 8 no. 52.

The description reads:
Pour nos prisonniers.
MÉdaille portative par O. Yencesse. Un poilus assis en attitude accablÉe. LÉgende POUR NOS-PRISONNIERS. Rev. Une colombe portant dans son bec un rameau d’olivier, en bas. 1916. MÉtal argentÉ mm. 26, coins arrondis. fl. 3.50.

German Camp Douglas Medal

[Anonymous], “German Prisoners’ Art School,” in The New York Times, Sunday, August 20, 1916, p. 12.

[Anonymous], “Some Interesting Medallic Issues,” The Numismatist, XXIX (March, 1916), p. 124, no. 4.

III. American War Prison Tokens and Medals

Civil War Prisons and Prisoners

Richard F. Hemmerlein, Prisons and Prisoners of the Civil War. Boston: The Christopher Publishing House, 1934.

A general survey of the history of the prisons and the treatment of prisoners during the Civil War, with select bibliography.

A. B. Sage’s Historical Prison Tokens

Augustus B. Sage, Catalogue of Coins, Medals, and Tokens, No. 1, New York: February, 1859, p. 1.

Advertisement and description of the series of Sage’s “Historical Tokens,” nos. 1-10.

A. B. Sage, Catalogue of Coins, Medals, and Tokens, New York: June, 1859.

On inner front-cover advertisement and description of the series of Sage’s “Historical Tokens,” nos. 1-14, and of another token series, “Odds and Ends.” These data, though of general numismatic interest, are not reproduced in L. Forrer’s Biographical Dictionary of Medalists. Hence they are given here in full.

Historical Tokens:

No. 1. The Old Provoost Prison, 2 dies.

No. 2. The Old City Hall, Wall Street.

No. 3. Faneuil Hall, Boston.

No. 4. Carpenter’s Hall, Philadelphia.

No. 5. Old Jersey Prison Ship.

No. 6. State House, Philadelphia, 2 dies.

No. 7. Mount Vernon, Washington’s Residence.

No. 8. Old Hasbrook House, Newburgh.

No. 9. Richmond Hill House, N. Y.

No. 10. Washington’s Head Quarters, Tappan.

No. 11. Washington’s Head Quarters, Valley Forge.

No. 12. Sir Henry Clinton’s House, N. Y.

No. 13. The Old Swamp Church.

No. 14. The Charter Oak.

“Upon receipt of $4.00, we will send a complete set of the above tokens to any place in the United States. The series will be continued from time to time.“

Odds and Ends:

No. 1. Crystal Palace.

No. 2. Old Sugar House.

No. 3. Paul Morphy.

“The above series will be continued from time to time. Struck in good copper, and sold at the low price of 25 cents each.”

S. H. and H. Chapman, Catalogue of the Celebrated and Valuable Collection of American Coins and Medals of the Late Charles I. Bushnell. Philadelphia: Chapman, 1882, p. 31, nos. 459-462: “Sage’s Historical Tokens.”

L. Forrer, Biographical Dictionary of Medallists, Vol. V. London: Spink and Son, 1912, p. 296.

Forrer’s pertinent account on Sage’s “Historical Tokens” must be corrected in accordance with the data given in the present essay.

“The Old Provoost” of New York

I. N. Phelps Stokes, The Iconography of Manhattan Island: 1498-1909. Vol. III, New York: Robert H. Dodd, 1918. p. 972, s. v. New Gaol (“Goal”).

John Pintard, “The Old Jail.” The New York Mirror: A Weekly Journal, Devoted to Literature and the Fine Arts, Vol. IX, No. 10 (New York, September 10, 1831), p. 73.

With a reproduction of “The Old Provoost,” drawn by Alexander J. Davis and engraved by Alexander Anderson.

Frank Bergen Kelley, Historical Guide to the City of New York. Revised Edition. New York: The New York Commercial Tercentenary Commission, 1913, p. 55.

“The Old Jersey Prison Ship”

Albert G. Greene (editor), Recollections of the Jersey Prison-Ship: Taken, and Prepared for Publication, from the Original Manuscript of the Late Captain Thomas Dring, of Providence, R. I., One of the Prisoners. New York: P. M. Davis, 1831. Re-edited by Henry B. Dawson. Morrisania, N. Y.: H. B. Dawson, 1865.

Especially p. 14, note 3; p. 196; reproduction of an engraving of the “exterior view of the ship,” facing p. 16.

[Anonymous], 1888. A Christmas Reminder: Being the Names of about Eight Thousand Persons, A Small Portion of the Number Confined on Board the British Prison Ships during the War of the Revolution. Brooklyn, N. Y.: Society of Old Brooklynites. 1888.

Containing the names of the “prisoners confined on board the British ship Jersey.”

Henry R. Stiles, Letters from the Prisons and Prison-Ships of the Revolution. (The Wallabout Prison-Ship Series, No. 1). New York: Privately printed, 1865.

Includes letters written on the Jersey.

Livingston’s Sugar House

I. N. Phelps Stokes, The Iconography of Manhattan Island: 1498-1909. Vol. V, New York: Robert H. Dodd, 1926, pp. 1042 (1777); 1234 (1789).

Thomas E. V. Smith, The City of New York in the Year of Washington’s Inauguration, 1789. New York: Anson D. F. Randolph and Co., 1889, pp. 36-37.

Rhinelander Sugar-House

James Grant Wilson, The Memorial History of the City of New York from Its First Settlement to the Year 1892, Vol. II, New York: New York History Company, 1892, p. 452 and note 1.

With a good picture of the Rhinelander Sugar House. A picture of Livingston’s Sugar House is found, ibidem, p. 457.

I. N. Phelps Stokes, The Iconography of Manhattan Island: 1498-1909, Vol. IV, New York: Robert H. Dodd, 1922, p. 790 (anno 1769); cf. Vol. V, 1926, pp. 1234 (1789); 1699 (Febr. 4, 1831).

Henry Collins Brown, Book of Old New York. New York: Privately printed, 1913.

Opposite p. 308, a good photograph of the Rhinelander Sugar House.

Libby Prison and Libby Prison War Museum

Will Parmiter Kent, The Story of Libby Prison: Also Some Perils and Sufferings of Certain of Its Inmates. Second edition. Chicago, Ill.: The Libby Prison War Museum Association [1890].

Profusely illustrated. On the cover pictures of Libby Prison “as it was” and “as it is.”

[Anonymous], Libby Prison War Museum: Catalogue and Program. Chicago: Libby Prison War Museum Association, [no year given]; reprinted several times.

[Anonymous], A Trip through the Libby Prison War Museum. Chicago: Libby Prison National War Museum Association, 189?.

Frank E. Moran, A Thrilling History of the Famous Underground Tunnel of Libby Prison. New York: Reprinted from the Century Magazine, 1889-1893.

F. F. Cavada, Libby Life: Experiences of a Prisoner of War in Richmond, Va., 1863-64. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott and Co., 1865.

Most comprehensive description with contemporary illustrations, among them a reproduction of the best contemporary engraving of Libby Prison in Richmond, Va.

Louis Palma di Cesnola, Ten Months in Libby Prison. [Pamphlet, no place, no date]. [New York, 1865].

Description of prison life in Libby prison, 1863-1864.

Isaac N. Johnston, Four Months in Libby, and the Campaign against Atlanta. Cincinnati: J. N. Johnston, 1864.

A. O. Abbott, Prison Life in the South at Richmond, Macon, Savannah, during the Years 1864 and 1865. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1865.

Description of the life in Libby Prison by a former prisoner, on pp. 22-41.

Cullen B. (“Doc”) Aubery, Recollections of a Newsboy in the Army of the Potomac, 1861-1865; His Capture and Confinement in Libby Prison. [Milwaukee, Wisc.: Doc Aubery, 1904].

Memoirs of Libby Prison and its commanders by a former prisoner of war.

United States Sanitary Commission

United States Sanitary Commission, Narrative of Privations and Sufferings of United States Officers and Soldiers While Prisoners of War in the Hands of the Rebel Authorities. Boston: “Little’s Living Age,” 1865.

Official report of a commission of inquiry, with an appendix containing the testimony. See also Arthur C. Cole, The Irrepressible Conflict, 1850-1865 (A History of American Life, Vol. VII) (New York, 1934), pp. 322 f., 331 f.

W. S. Baker, Medallic Portraits of Washington with Historical and Critical Notes. Philadelphia: Robert M. Lindsay, 1885, pp. 150 ff., especially No. 364, p. 154.

The present bibliography has been completed on April 1, 1945.

The author wishes gratefully to acknowledge the courtesy of the American Numismatic Society (Mr. Sawyer Mc. A. Mosser, Librarian) and of the New York Historical Society (Mr. John T. Washburn, Chief of the Reading Room) in permitting him use of their collections, without which this study could never have been completed.

Clyx.com