1 Report of Mrs. Ella Flagg Young, Superintendent of Schools of the City of Chicago, for the Year Ending June 30, 1915, published as a part of the Sixty-first Annual Report of the Board of Education, p. 25.

2 Special Report of the Boise Public Schools, by Superintendent C. S. Meek, June, 1915, p. 57.

3 Leonard P. Ayres, “School Surveys,” School and Society, Vol. I, No. 17, April 24, 1915, pp. 580-581.

4 Proceedings of the Twenty-first Annual Meeting of the North Central Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools, Chicago, 1916, pp. 97-121.

5 William A. Schmidt, An Experimental Study in the Psychology of Reading (Supplementary Educational Monograph of the School Review and the Elementary School Journal, Vol. I, No. 2), p. 43.

6 Report of the Minneapolis Survey for Vocational Education, Bulletin No. 21 of the National Society for the Promotion of Industrial Education, 1916.

7 Reprinted in the Report of the School Committee of the City of Taunton, Massachusetts, for the Year Ending December 31, 1915, pp. 68-73.

8 Frank Forest Bunker, “Reorganization of the Public School System,” in Bulletin No. 8, United States Bureau of Education, 1916, pp. 21-23.

9 Ellwood P. Cubberley, “Changing Conceptions of Education,” Riverside Educational Monograph, pp. 27-35. Houghton Mifflin Company, 1909.

10 Report of the Commissioner of Education for 1888-1889, p. 471.

11 Report of the Commissioner of Education for 1915, Vol. I, p. 12.

12 Report of the Commissioner of Education for 1916, Vol. I, p. 24.

13 Report of the Commissioner of Education for 1916, Vol. I, p. 25.

14 Report of the Commissioner of Education for 1915, Vol. I, pp. 12-13.

[15]

Report of the Superintendent of Schools for the Year Ending June 30, 1915, in the Sixty-first Annual Report of the Board of Education of the City of Chicago, p. 196.

16 Report of the Commissioner of Education for 1916, Vol. II, p. 20.

17 Ibid. p. 19.

18 Bulletin No. 126, Table II, United States Bureau of Census, 1913.

19 Quoted in fuller detail on pages 426 et seq. of the “Portland Survey,” by Ellwood P. Cubberley. Published by the World Book Company, 1915.

20 Report of Committee on School Inquiry, p. 61. Published by the city of New York, 1911-1913.

21 Figures taken from the financial survey of Grand Rapids, Michigan, prepared by Dr. H. O. Rugg and published in the survey of that city published by the Board of Education, 1917, and from the survey of St. Louis by the same investigator.

22 The median is that figure above which and below which fall half the cases. It is, therefore, a suitable sample of the whole group. It is a better representative figure than the average.

23 J. F. Bobbitt, “High-School Costs,” in the School Review, Vol. XXIII, No. 8 (1915), p. 526.

24 G. Lee Fleming, Instructional Costs in the First Six Elementary Grades. Master’s Thesis, Department of Education, The University of Chicago, 1916.

25 Bulletin No. 1 of the Public Education Association of Chicago, 1917, pp. 3-5.

26 Report of the Committee on Relation between Boards of Education and Superintendents, in Journal of the National Education Association, Vol. I, No. 9 (May, 1917), pp. 967-968.

27 A Million a Year, pp. v-vi. Monograph No. 1, published by the Board of Education, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 1916.

28 Fletcher B. Dressler, “Rural School Houses and Grounds.” Bulletin No. 12, United States Bureau of Education, 1914.

29 Leonard P. Ayres and May Ayres, School Buildings and Equipment, p. 23. Cleveland Education Survey. Published by the Survey Committee of the Cleveland Foundation, 1916.

30 Ibid. p. 35.

31 Report of the School Survey of School District Number One in the City and County of Denver, pp. 134-135. Published by the School Survey Committee, Denver, Colorado, 1916.

32 John Dewey, The School and Society, pp. 47-49. The University of Chicago Press, 1907.

33 Communication by W. H. Smith, State Superintendent of Public Instruction, Mississippi. Published as part of the monograph entitled “Consolidation of Rural Schools and Transportation of Pupils at Public Expense,” in Bulletin No. 30, United States Bureau of Education, 1914 (edited by A. C. Monahan), pp. 82-84.

34 Report of the State Superintendent of Public Schools of the State of Maine, for the School Year Ending June 30, 1914, p. 21.

35 John Franklin Bobbitt, “The Elimination of Waste in Education,” in Elementary School Teacher, Vol. XII (1912), pp. 266-267.

36 Special report of the Boise Public Schools (June, 1915), pp. 17-18.

37 F. E. Spaulding, The Newton Public Schools, Annual Report of the School Committee, Newton, Massachusetts, Vol. LXXIV (1913), pp. 18-19.

38 Leonard P. Ayres, A Measuring Scale for Ability in Spelling. The Russell Sage Foundation, 1915.

39 The Work of the Schools. Part II of the Report of the School Survey of Denver, p. 158. Published by the School Survey Committee, Denver, Colorado, 1916.

40 For a fuller discussion of this experiment, see pp. 237-238.

41 Edwin A. Kirkpatrick, The Use of Money, pp. 1-2. The Bobbs-Merrill Company, 1915.

42 Abraham Flexner, A Modern School, pp. 8-9. Published by the General Education Board, New York City, 1916.

43 Paul Shorey, “The Assault on Humanism,” Atlantic Monthly, July, 1917.

44 Vocational Schools for Illinois, pp. 1-2. Published by the Commercial Club of Chicago.

45 A Report on Vocational Training in Chicago and in Other Cities, p. 38. Published by the City Club of Chicago, 1912.

46 Frank M. Leavitt, Examples of Industrial Education, pp. 149-151. Ginn and Company, 1912.

47 L. R. Alderman, School Credit for Home Work, pp. 89-91. Houghton Mifflin Company, 1915.

48 L. R. Alderman, School Credit for Home Work, pp. 32-33. Houghton Mifflin Company, 1915.

49 H. H. Wheaton, “The United States Bureau of Education and the Immigrant.” The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. LXVII, No. 156 (September, 1916), pp. 273-274.

50 The General Education Board: An Account of its Activities, 1902-1914, pp. 58, 61-62. New York City, 1915.

51 Clarence Arthur Perry, Educational Extension, pp. 82-85. Cleveland Education Survey. Published by the Survey Committee of the Cleveland Foundation, 1916.

52 Abraham Flexner, “Parents and Schools.” The Atlantic Monthly (July, 1916), pp. 26-27.

53 William Heard Kilpatrick, The Montessori System Examined, pp. 14-15. Riverside Educational Monograph. Houghton Mifflin Company, 1914.

54 Frank M. McMurry, Report on Educational Aspects of the Public School System of the City of New York, 1911-1912, Part II, p. 265.

55 Report of the President of Yale University, 1908-1909. Published by the University, New Haven, 1909.

56 Samuel Chester Parker, Methods of Teaching in High Schools, pp. 318-319. Ginn and Company, 1915.

57 Lewis M. Terman, The Measurement of Intelligence, pp. 161-163. Houghton Mifflin Company, 1916.

58 Bertha M. Stevens, Boys and Girls in Commercial Work, pp. 179-180. Cleveland Education Survey. Published by the Survey Committee of the Cleveland Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, 1916.

59 Bertha M. Stevens, Boys and Girls in Commercial Work, pp. 14-16. Cleveland Education Survey. Published by the Survey Committee of the Cleveland Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, 1916.

60 Measuring the Work of the Public Schools, pp. 131-133. Cleveland Education Survey. Published by the Survey Committee of the Cleveland Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, 1916.

61 Proceedings of the National Education Association for 1915, p. 256. Published by the Secretary of the Association, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1915.

62 John Fiske, The Meaning of Infancy. Houghton Mifflin Company, 1909.

63 Bailey B. Burritt, “Professional Distribution of College and University Graduates,” p. 15. Bulletin No. 19, United States Bureau of Education, 1912.

64 Survey conducted by L. P. Ayres of the Russell Sage Foundation. “The Public Schools of Springfield, Illinois,” pp. 86-88. Published by the Springfield Survey Committee, Springfield, Illinois, 1914.

65 W. C. Bagley, “The Determination of Minimum Essentials in Elementary Geography and History.” Fourteenth Yearbook of the National Society for the Study of Education, Part I, pp. 131, 134-135. The University of Chicago Press, 1915.

66 W. W. Charters and Edith Miller, “A Course of Study in Grammar,” pp. 43-45. Bulletin No. 2, University of Missouri, Vol. XVI (1915).

67 A. Lawrence Lowell, “College Studies and Professional Training.” Educational Review, Vol. XLII (October, 1911), pp. 220, 221, 233.

68 W. A. Jessup and L. D. Coffman. The Macmillan Company, 1916.

69 J. M. Rice, editor of the Forum.

70 Leonard P. Ayres, “Making Education Definite.” Bulletin No. 11, Indiana University, Vol. XIII (October, 1915), pp. 85-86. Published by the Extension Division of Indiana University.

71 E. L. Thorndike, “Handwriting.” Teachers College Record, March, 1910.

72 L. P. Ayres, A Scale for Measuring the Quality of Handwriting of School Children. Russell Sage Foundation, New York.

73 F. N. Freeman, The Teaching of Handwriting. Houghton Mifflin Company, 1914.

74 Measuring the Work of the Public Schools, pp. 75-77. Cleveland Education Survey. Published by the Survey Committee of the Cleveland Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, 1916.

75 Quality on vertical scale, speed on horizontal scale. The four schools referred to in the text are represented in the four diagrams in the upper part of the figure. North Doan is reported in the diagram in the upper left-hand corner. Kentucky is shown in the upper right-hand corner. Memorial is under North Doan. Mt. Pleasant is under Kentucky.

76 William S. Gray, “A Co-operative Study of Reading in Eleven Cities of Northern Illinois.” Elementary School Journal, Vol. XVII, No. 4 (December, 1916), pp. 250-257.

77 David A. Ward, The History of Physics Instruction in the Secondary Schools of the United States. Unpublished thesis for the Master’s degree in the Department of Education of The University of Chicago.

78 E. R. Breslich, “Supervised Study as a Means of providing Supplementary Individual Instruction.” Thirteenth Yearbook of the National Society for the Study of Education, Part I, p. 45. The University of Chicago Press, 1914.

79 F. M. Giles, late principal of the Township High School of De Kalb, Illinois. Thirteenth Yearbook of the National Society for the Study of Education, Part I, pp. 57-58.

80 I. M. Allen, “Experiments in Supervised Study.” School Review, Vol. XXV, No. 6 (June, 1917), pp. 401-404.

81 W. S. Deffenbaugh, “School Administration in the Smaller Cities.” Bulletin No. 44, United States Bureau of Education, 1915, pp. 40-41.

82 Max F. Meyer, “The Administration of College Grades.” School and Society, Vol. II, No. 43 (October, 1915), pp. 577-589.

83 See article by W. A. Bailey, School Review, Vol. XXV (May, 1917), pp. 305-321.

84 Howard R. Knight, Play and Recreation in a Town of 6000 (A Recreation Survey of Ipswich, Massachusetts), pp. 7-8. Russell Sage Foundation, New York City.

85 George E. Johnson, Education through Recreation, pp. 48-50. Cleveland Education Survey. Published by the Survey Committee of the Cleveland Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, 1916.

86 Madison Recreational Survey, pp. 97-99. Prepared by a Special Committee of the Madison Board of Commerce, 1915.

87 George E. Johnson, Education through Recreation, pp. 91-92. Cleveland Education Survey. Published by the Survey Committee of the Cleveland Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, 1916.

88 Sarah Webb Maury and Lena L. Tachau, A Penny Lunch, p. 8. 1915.

89 Louise Stevens Bryant, “School Feeding.” Educational Hygiene (edited by Louis W. Rapeer), chap. xvi, pp. 286-287, 289. Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1915.

90 Ibid. p. 285.

91 Dr. E. A. Peterson, “Medical Inspection.” Survey of the St. Louis Public Schools, Vol. VII, Part II, pp. 41-45. Published by the Board of Education, St. Louis, Missouri.

92 Elizabeth Wilson Allison, “The Teacher’s Field in Public Health Work.” Proceedings of the National Education Association, pp. 676-678. Published by the Secretary of the Association, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1915.

93 Charles Hubbard Judd and Samuel Chester Parker, Problems involved in Standardizing State Normal Schools, pp. 7-9. Bulletin No. 12, United States Bureau of Education, 1916.

94 Charles H. Judd, The Training of Teachers in England, Scotland, and Germany, pp. 74-82. Bulletin No. 35, United States Bureau of Education, 1914.

95 Charles Hughes Johnston, “Progress of Teacher Training.” Report of the Commissioner of Education, 1913, Vol. I, chap. xxiv, p. 520.

96 Proceedings of the Twenty-first Annual Meeting of the North Central Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools, 1916, p. 94.

97 “Revised Rules governing High-School Certification,” pp. 3-5. Bulletin No. 5, California State Board of Education, 1915.