Transcriber’s Note

Footnotes have been moved to the end of the respective chapter or appendix. The summary of chapter IX has been moved to precede the heading of the first section, consistent with all other chapters.

Where historical names have been anglicized, e.g. Nicolo Capponi for NiccolÒ Capponi (page 189), the author’s version has been retained. Other spelling variations including but not limited to comuneros—communeros, Custrin—KÜstrin, BÈza—Beza, Granvelle—Granvella, Groningen—GrÖningen are as in the original.

Pages 183, 193, 298, 474, 475, 481, “Eleanor”, “Eleanora”, “Eleonora” all refer to Eleanor of Austria, the widowed sister of Charles V and later wife of Francis I.

The following corrections have been made to the printed original:

Page ix, “treaty” amended to “Treaty” (Treaty of Cateau CambrÉsis).

Page x, “SÜd Europa” corrected to “SÜd-Europa” (FÜrsten und VÖlker von SÜd-Europa).

Page xi, “Ponjoulat” corrected to “Poujoulat” (PÉtitot, Michaud et Poujoulat).

Page xiii, “republica” corrected to “repubblica” (Storia della repubblica).

Page xiii, “Alberi” amended to “AlbÈri” (AlbÈri, La relazione degli Ambasciatori).

Page xiii, “Niccolo” amended to “NiccolÒ” (NiccolÒ Machiavelli).

Page xiv, “Harisse” corrected to “Harrisse” (Harrisse, Christophe Colomb).

Page xiv, “Gashard” corrected to “Gachard” (Ed. Gachard.)

Page xv, “Mexica” corrected to “Mexico” (Conquest of Mexico).

Page 26, “Liberta” corrected to “LibertÀ” (Dieci di LibertÀ e Pace).

Page 34, footnote 11, “Appendix I.” changed to “Appendix i.” for consistency’s sake (Appendix i., p. 456.)

Page 60, “Sep.” corrected to “Sept.” (Blois, Sept. 22, 1504.)

Page 72, “Liberta” corrected to “LibertÀ” (Dieci di LibertÀ e Pace).

Page 102, “Balbao” corrected to “Balboa” (Vasco NuÑez de Balboa).

Page 113, “brilliantmatch” corrected to “brilliant match” (promised a brilliant match).

Page 114, “Meckle burg” corrected to “Mecklenburg” (Mecklenburg, the Archbishoprics of Magdeburg).

Page 142, “digusted” corrected to “disgusted” (disgusted at the turn).

Page 166, footnote 44, “Wurtemburg” corrected to “Wurtemberg” (Wurtemberg, Ulrich I., 1503–1550).

Page 170, “Guilio” corrected to “Giulio” (Cardinal Giulio de’ Medici).

Page 185, “Moncada” corrected to “MonÇada (MonÇada and the Cardinal).

Page 189, “Ippollito” corrected to “Ippolito” (Alessandro and Ippolito).

Page 208, “Sep.” corrected to “Sept.” (July–Sept. 1536.)

Page 208, footnote 51, the missing footnote marker was supplied.

Page 220, “Cambresis” corrected to “CambrÉsis” (Treaty of Cateau CambrÉsis).

Page 280, “cause” corrected to “case” (case being transferred).

Page 387, “Etaples” amended to “Étaples” (Jacques LefÈvre of Étaples).

Page 414, “PrÉvot” amended to “PrÉvÔt” (PrÉvÔt des Marchands).

Page 449, “chief” corrected to “Chief” (the Chief Military Officer).

Page 454, “d’État” to “État” (deputies of Tiers État).

Page 464, “Podesta” corrected to “PodestÀ” (Courts of the PodestÀ).

Page 480, “Chatillon” corrected to “ChÂtillon” (ChÂtillon, Odet).

Page 481, “Epernon” corrected to “Épernon” (Épernon, a favourite of Henry).

Page 482, “Etaples” amended to “Étaples” (Étaples, Treaty of).

Page 484, “Etaples” amended to “Étaples” (makes Treaty of Étaples).

Page 484, “Albret” corrected to “Albert” (Hapsburg, Albert, Cardinal)

Page 484, “Peronne” corrected to “PÉronne” (League PÉronne).

Page 486, “Carpinal” corrected to “Cardinal” (Giovanni, Cardinal, restored).

Page 487, “Meru” corrected to “MÉru (Charles (MÉru)).

Page 487, “Moncada” corrected to “MonÇada” (MonÇada, Hugo de).

Page 487, “Naussa” corrected to “Nassau” (Nassau, John of).