Unitive particles.

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Before coming to the end of this part of the nouns, we shall have a short speech about some ligaments, called unitive particles, which serve for uniting elegantly the nouns, pronouns and adjectives, and for joining together the sentences, and to give them a particular energy. These particles are the followings:

Nga.

l.a This particle (when it is not used as relative) serves to link the pronouns with the nouns and the adjectives.

When the preceding word ends by a vowel the letter a of nga, must be suppressed, joining ng to the vowel, as:

Pretty house. Maanindut nga balay.
Good horse. Maayong cabayo.

2.a Serves also for joining both the sentences and verbs with the adverbs, ex:

Come back early. Bumalic cang masayÓ.
I doubt very much I may forgive him. Malisud cahÁ nga pasaylo-an co sia (V. Pag 8), 3.a Remark.

Ug.

It is employed instead of the article in the objective cases of indefinite objects, and in compounded sentences when are employed instead of objective case. It serves also to link the cardinal numbers: Ex:

Buy rice. Pumalit ca ug bugÁs.
The work weakens me Naluya acÓ ug pagbuhat.
All my neighbour's children died of plague. Ang mga anac sa acong silingan nahurut ug camatay sa salot.
Seventeen. Napolo ug pito.

Ca.

This particle links the cardinal numbers with the nouns: Ex.

Ten thousand. Napolo ca libo.
My three horses were removed out of sight. Nauala ang mga totolo ca cabayo naco.

Ing.

Serves for joining the sentences and the objective cases, when it is spoken in indeterminate sense.

There is not now who may seek. Uala na ing macapatigayon.
Have I a knife? ¿Duna ba acÓ ing usÁ ca cuchillo?

Exercise VII.

You speak as much as I—They have not so many toys as books—Have you as many books as I?—I have fewer than you—Has our friend as many birds as chickens?—He has more of the former than of the latter—Are we right in speaking?—You are not wrong in speaking, but you are wrong in cutting my trees—Have you time to work?—1 have time, but not mind to work—Have you still a mind to buy any thing?—Yes, I have a mind to buy one more horse—Have you as much good as bad paper?—I have as much of the one as of the other—Have our neighbours as much honey as sugar?—They have more honey than sugar—Have your sons as many slippers as shirts?—They have more of the latter than of the former—I have a favour to beg of you.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

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